Академический Документы
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1. Cell: basic unit of living thing (example: egg, epithelial cell, amoeba)
4. Multi-cellular: organism which consist of more than 1 cell (example: human, dog)
5. Movement: changing position from 1 point to another point, for living thing it moves (example:
waving hand, heart beats, chloroplasts move inside the plant cell)
6. Species: a group of similar organism which can reproduce between themselves and produce
new fertile offspring (example: male Elephas maximus with female Elephas maximus are included
in 1 species)
7. Photosynthesis: is the process by which organism use the energy from sunlight to produce glucose
and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water- CO2 + H2O ---sun light---> C6H12O6 + O2 (example:
plants, some bacteria and some protistans who have chloroplast)
8. Respiration: is the chemical reaction in which glucose and oxygen are turned into water, carbon
dioxide, and energy. C6H12O6 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O+ Energy (example: cellular respiration at the
tip of your finger)
9. Breathing: Inhale Oxygen (O2) And Exhale Carbon Dioxide (CO2) (example: the process that
moves air in and out of the lung)
1. Growth : increase in the size, mass or volume. (example: human getting taller)
2. Development: changing body/ part of body form from simple to complex strycture (example:
puberty in human, egg turns into catterpillar and changing form into butterfly)
5. Sensitivity : Respond to the stimulus (singular)/ stimuli (plural) (example: human sweating
becauseof increasing change in the temperature )
8. Absorb : to take in (something, such as a liquid) in a natural or gradual way (example: nutrition that
we ate are absorbed by the intestine)
9. Reproduction: Production of new offspring for the survival of the species. (example: asexual
reproduction of amoeba by cell division)
10. Extinct: no longer in existence, population=0 (example: the population of Javanese tiger now is 0)
11. Nutrition : a characteristics of a living thing in which the organism absorb nutrients from their
environment (example: nutrition that we ate are absorbed by the intestine)
II. Scenarios:
2. One year there were woodpeckers with short beaks, and woodpeckers with long beaks. The bugs the
woodpeckers fed on lived deep in the bark of the trees.
a. Which woodpeckers would be most likely to survive to reproduce?
woodpeckers with long beaks
b. Which characteristics in terms of beak size is most likely to be passed on to the
next generation? long beaks
c. Over many years, how do you think the original woodpecker population would adapt to an
environment where bugs lived deep in the bark of trees? woodpeckers population will have longer beaks
and better sight or smell organ.
1. Whats the different between movement in living thing and non living thing?
Non living things moves because of external influence while living things moves by itself.
3. Explain the difference between a stimulus and a response? Give an example of each.
Stimulus is the cause, it is the change in the environment. While response is the effect, it is the
reaction of an organism because of the stimuli. Example of a stimulus: change in the
temperature, example of the response: human sweating.
4. Why is energy required for living things? It is required for the living things daily activities.
How do living things obtain energy? It is obtained from the nutrition by a process called respiration in
which glucose and oxygen are turned into water, carbon dioxide, and energy.
C6H12O6 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O+ Energy
7. What if there is a thing that has 4 or 5 characteristics of living things, can you say it is a living
thing?
A things can be said as a living thing if the organism has all the characteristics of Living things,
because all living things consist of at least 1 cell and able to move by itself, respire to produce
energy from the nutrition. The nutrition also use for grow and develop so the organism can
reproduce to prevent extinction. All the process in the body of an organism produce waste
product which needed to be excreted from the body by excretion process. The live of an
organism not always safe, to avoid danger the organism has sensitivity to be able to respond to
any change in their environment (stimulus) and finally develop adaptation to increase the chance
of survival although in the end all organism will eventually die. Having only some of those
characteristics makes the thing cannot possible to through the full life of an organism, thus it is
considered as a non-living thing.
8. Explain how sensitivity creates adaptation with an example.
A plant needs light for photosynthesis, thus the leaf of a plant is sensitive towards the direction
of light source. If the light source always on its right side, then the leaves will slowly moves
towards the light. By the time goes by, the stem will also grow slowly towards the light
direction-this is when adaptation happen.
9. What characteristics of living things does a cell have? Explain your answer.
Respiration is when glucose and oxygen are turned into water, carbon dioxide, and energy.
C6H12O6 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O+ Energy
The glucose (C6H12O6) needed in the process of respiration is from the absorption of
nutrition.
Photosynthesis is when water, carbon dioxide, with the energy from the sun are changed
into glucose and oxygen
CO2 + H2O+--- sun Energy ----> C6H12O6 + O2
The glucose from photosynthesis is used as the material to create energy in the process
called respiration. The respiration produces CO2 as the waste product, while Photosynthesis
produce O2as the waste product. The waste are excreted from the stomata.