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Use this table to determine possible functions of a chord once you know the type of chord, its
root, and on what scale degree the root is located.
For many chords, there is more than one possible function. Which one is best depends on the
chord's resolution. How does that chord fit into its harmonic context?
If I forgot any, please let me know at CHARLESL@UTEP.EDU!
(Fr +6)
I V7/IV
1 Tonic I i IM7 i M7 i7 1
V/iv V7/iv
1 Raised Tonic vii/ii vii7/ii 1
Lowered N NM7 Gr +6/I,
2 Supertonic 2
(II) (IIM7) It+6/I
vii/III vii 7/III vii7/III
Fr7
2 Supertonic V/V ii ii V7/V ii 7 ii 7 2
(Fr +6)
vii/III vii7/III vii7/III
Raised
2
Supertonic
vii/iii vii7/iii 2
Gr+6,
Lowered VI VIM7
It+6,
6 (Minor) Tristan 6
Submediant V7/N
VI VIM7
(V7/II)
6 Submediant V/ii vi vii/VII V7/ii vi7 vii7/VII vii7/VII 6
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Chord Functions for Musical Analysis http://utminers.utep.edu/charlesl/chords.html
vi vi7
vii/VII vii 7/VII vii7/VII
VII VII7
V/III V7/III
7 Subtonic 7
VII VII7
V/III V7/III
Leading V/iii vii7
7
Tone
vii V7/iii vii 7 7
Fate vii7
7
5
M7+5 Mm7+5 M7 7 (Mm7 5) mM7 m7 7
Scale Degree + M m d (dm7) 7 (dd7)
(+M7) (+m7) (MM7) (Mm7) or Fr7 (mM ) (mm7)
7
(Fr +6)
Triads Seventh Chords
Blue cells indicate diatonic functions in major keys. Some of these chords also have a chromatic function in minor keys.
Yellow cells indicate diatonic functions in minor keys only (natural, harmonic, or melodic).
Green cells indicate diatonic functions in either major or minor keys (blue + yellow = green).
Therefore, major keys include diatonic functions in Blue and Green. Minor keys include diatonic functions in Yellow and Green.
Purple cells indicate chromatic functions in major keys only. All chromatic functions are dependent upon the chord resolving
logically.
Orange cells indicate chromatic functions in minor keys only. All chromatic functions are dependent upon the chord resolving
logically.
Dark gray cells indicate chromatic functions in either major or minor keys. All chromatic functions are dependent upon the chord
resolving logically.
Therefore, major keys include chromatic functions in Purple and Gray. Minor keys include chromatic functions in Orange and Gray.
Light gray cells include functions for chords that are traditionally non-functional, but have been given programmatic meaning, such as
Fate (Tchaikovsky: Fourth Symphony in F Minor), Till Eulenspiegel (Richard Strauss: Till Eulenspiegels lustige Streiche), and
Tristan (Richard Wagner: Tristan und Isolde).
Empty cells indicate that there are no logical functions for particular chord types on a those scale degrees.
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Chord Functions for Musical Analysis http://utminers.utep.edu/charlesl/chords.html
charlesl home
Modulation Types for Musical Analysis
Examples of Modulation Types for Musical
Analysis (PDF)
Dr. Edward Murphy's "Sonata Form" Essay
Instrument Transpositions for Musical Analysis
CHARLESL@UTEP.EDU
This page was updated 21 October 2013.
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