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(3) Prove that the set of points z D2 for which D2 {z} is simply connected
is precisely S2 . Hence prove that if f : D2 D2 is a homeomorphism then
f (S1 ) = S1 .
1
2
(8) Let G be a topological group. Show that the group operation of G defines
a group operation on 1 (G, e). Show that
? ? .
Conclude that 1 (G, e) is abelian.