EIA Report on Formaldehyde Plant

EIA REPORT ON FORMALDEHYDE
PLANT AT SIPITANG OIL AND GAS

INDUSTRY
PREPARED BY: CLASS OF EH221 8C
GROUP MEMBERS:
1. NAFIZ SYADHAMIER BIN MOHD NASIR 2013405912

2. MOHAMAD KHAIRUL AZWANIZAM BIN BAHARUDIN 2013416656
3. JUDE MAXWELL SYLVESTER 2013694948
4. AHMAD FATTHUL HADI BIN ABD MUBIN 2013600546
5. MOHAMAD FAHMI BIN ABD RASED 2013879302
6. MUHAMAD AKMAL BIN AMARUDIN 2013242996
7. MICHELLE-ANNE DISON 2013251744
8. NURUL SYAHIBAH BINTI CHE MAN 2013812424
9. NORHAFIZAH BINTI ISMAIL NASIRUDDIN 2013229782
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 7
1.1 Identification of Project................................................................................................. 7
1.2 Purpose of Project......................................................................................................... 7
1.3 Need of the project and its importance to the country ..................................................... 7
1.4 Project Location ......................................................................................................... 11
1.5 Sitting Criteria............................................................................................................ 13
1.6 Process Description. ............................................................................................... 14
1.7 Objectives of EIA Study .............................................................................................. 19
1.8 Key Issues................................................................................................................... 20
1.9 Scope of EIA Study ..................................................................................................... 20
2.0 WATER AND AIR ......................................................................................................... 21
2.1 ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENT WISE ACTIVITY FOR THE STUDY ................ 21
2.1.1 Air Environment .................................................................................................... 21
2.1.2 Water Environment................................................................................................. 21
2.2 ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS AND IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACTS ..................... 22
2.2.1 Air Environment ...................................................................................................... 22
2.2.2 Water Environment.................................................................................................. 27
3.0 SOIL AND GROUND WATER ...................................................................................... 34
3.1 Soil ............................................................................................................................. 34
3.2 Ground Water ............................................................................................................ 34
4.0 NOISE ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................... 37
4.1 Impact Assessment of Noise Environment. ................................................................... 38
4.2 Existing Noise Environment. ....................................................................................... 38
4.3 Methodology of Noise Measurement. ...................................................................... 46
5.0 WASTE ISSUES ............................................................................................................ 48
5.1 Definition of toxic and hazardous waste ....................................................................... 48
5.2 Type of waste recovered .............................................................................................. 48
5.3 Source of waste ........................................................................................................... 48
5.4 Waste management ..................................................................................................... 49
6.0 ECOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY ................................................................................. 49
6.1 Ecology ....................................................................................................................... 49
6.2 Reconnaissance Survey ............................................................................................... 50
6.3 Survey Methodology ................................................................................................... 50
6.4 Ecological Status of the Study Area ............................................................................. 51
6.5 Observations and Results ............................................................................................ 51
6.6 Terrestrial Fauna ........................................................................................................ 52
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6.7 Common Birds of Project Site ..................................................................................... 54
6.8 Aquatic Fauna ............................................................................................................ 57
7.0 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................... 58
7.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 58
7.2 Population Characteristics .......................................................................................... 58
7.3 Ethnicity, Religion and Gender Structure .................................................................... 59
7.4 Age Structure ............................................................................................................. 60
7.5 Gender Distribution and Household of Sipitang Division, 2000 ..................................... 61
7.6 Labour Force and Economic Activities ........................................................................ 61
7.0 Emergency Response Plan (ERP) .................................................................................... 63
7.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 63
7.2 Identification of Major Hazard and Risk Analysis ........................................................ 64
7.3 Basic Plan for Emergency response.............................................................................. 65
7.3.1 Resources .............................................................................................................. 65
7.3.2 Internal Alerting ..................................................................................................... 66
7.3.3 External Alerting .................................................................................................... 66
7.3.4 Electronic Communication ...................................................................................... 66
7.3.5 Public Affairs......................................................................................................... 66
7.4 Emergency Response Action. ....................................................................................... 67
7.5 On Site Emergency Plan .............................................................................................. 68
7.5.1 The Objective of On-Site Emergency Response.......................................................... 68
7.5.2 General Recommendation On-Site emergency Response. ............................................ 69
7.5.3 The Availability and Organization of Resource for Emergency .................................... 69
7.6 Emergency Response Room (Safety Officer Room)....................................................... 70
7.6.1 General Rules ........................................................................................................ 71
7.7 Fire Emergency Plan ................................................................................................... 71
7.7.1 Training and Training Provision ............................................................................... 72
7.7.2 Fire Fighting Facilities ............................................................................................ 73
7.8 Another Key Personnel ............................................................................................... 73
7.9 Alarm system and siren for emergency ........................................................................ 75
8.0 ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ........................................ 76
8.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 76
8.2 Identification of Impacts during Construction Phase .................................................... 77
8.2.1 Impact on Land Use ................................................................................................ 78
8.2.2 Impact on Soil Environment .................................................................................... 78
8.2.3 Impact on Air Quality ............................................................................................. 78
8.2.4 Impact on Water Quality ......................................................................................... 78
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8.2.5 Impact on Noise Levels ........................................................................................... 79
8.2.6 Impact on Terrestrial Ecology .................................................................................. 79
8.2.7 Impact on Demography and Socio-economics ............................................................ 79
8.3 Identification of Impacts During Operational Phase ..................................................... 79
8.3.1 Impact on Soil ........................................................................................................ 80
8.3.2 Impact on Topography ............................................................................................ 80
8.3.3 Impact on Climate .................................................................................................. 80
8.3.4 Impact on Water Environment ................................................................................. 80
8.3.5 Impact on Noise Environment .................................................................................. 81
8.3.6 Impact on Ecology .................................................................................................. 81
8.3.7 Impact on Socio-Economic ...................................................................................... 81
8.4 Mitigation Plan ........................................................................................................... 87
8.4.1 Water Quality ........................................................................................................ 87
8.4.2 Air and Climate ...................................................................................................... 87
8.4.3 Land ..................................................................................................................... 92
8.4.4 Ecology and biodiversity ......................................................................................... 93
8.4.5 Human Environment ......................................................................................... 95
9.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................... 100
9.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................. 100
9.2 Air Environment ....................................................................................................... 100
9.3 Water Environment .................................................................................................. 101
9.4 Noise and Vibration. ................................................................................................. 101
9.4 Ecology and Biodiversity. .......................................................................................... 101
9.5 Socioeconomic .......................................................................................................... 102
9.6 Waste Issues ............................................................................................................. 102
9.7 Emergency Response Plan (ERP)............................................................................... 103
9.8 Environmental Impact and Mitigating Measure. ........................................................ 104
9.8.1 Air Environment .................................................................................................. 104
9.8.2 Water Environment............................................................................................... 105
9.8.3 Solid Waste Management ...................................................................................... 105
REFERENCES .................................................................................................................. 106
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: The production percentage of formaldehyde according to country.................................... 9
Figure 2: Formaldehyde Supply and Demand in Malaysia .......................................................... 10
Figure 3: Malaysia Imports Formaldehyde 2016 ........................................................................ 10
Figure 4: The location of Sipitang Oil and gas Industry on Google Maps...................................... 11
Figure 5: SOGIP industrial Cluster Layout ............................................................................... 12
Figure 6: SOGIP Utilities Layout ............................................................................................ 12
Figure 7: Process Flow Diagram (PFD) for Formaldehyde Plant.................................................. 16
Figure 8: study area map ........................................................................................................ 25
Figure 9: The location of nearest water stream to the proposed area of plant (taken from Google
Maps) .................................................................................................................................. 35
Figure 10: Simplified Draft Hydrological Map of Sabah (taken from Water Resources Master Plan,
Natural Resources Office Sabah, Malaysia) .............................................................................. 36
Figure 11: SIPITANG Oil and Gas Industry. ............................................................................. 41
Figure 12: Methanol Production and its Derivatives ................................................................... 41
Figure 13: Sabah Forest Industries Sdn. Bhd (Pulp and Paper Mill) ............................................. 42
Figure 14: Maximum permissible sound level (LAeq) by receiving land use for planning and new
development. ........................................................................................................................ 43
Figure 15: Maximum permissible sound level (LAeq) of new development (roads, rails, industrial) in
areas of existing high environmental noise climate. ................................................................... 43
Figure 16: Maximum permissible sound level (LAeq) to be maintained at the existing noise climate. 44
Figure 17: Limiting sound level (LAeq) from road traffic (for proposed new roads and/or
redevelopment of existing roads) ............................................................................................. 44
Figure 18: Limiting sound level (LAeq) for railways including transits (for new development and re-
alignments) ........................................................................................................................... 45
Figure 19: Maximum permissible sound levels (percentile LN and LMAX) of construction, maintenance
and demolition work by receiving land use. .............................................................................. 45
Figure 20: Pictures of the flora that dominate the project site ...................................................... 52
Figure 21: (a) Brookes Squirrel, (b) Shrew-face Ground Squirrel, (c) Common Treeshrew, and (d)
Asian Palm Civet. .................................................................................................................. 53
Figure 22: (a) Crested Serpent Eagle, (b) White-fronted Falconet, (c) Crested Partridge, (d)
Cinnamon-headed Pigeon, (e) Blue-crowned Hanging Parrot, (f) Plaintive Cuckoo, (g) Chestnut-
bellied Malkoha, (h) Greater Coucal and (i) Collared Scops Owl ................................................. 56
Figure 23: The pictures of the Gastromyzon species .................................................................. 57
Figure 24: On Site Emergency Response Plan ........................................................................... 69
Figure 25: Recovery of Gases using Pressure Swing Adsorption ................................................. 90
Figure 26: Overall Vertical, Elevated Flare Stack System in an Industrial Plant ............................. 92
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: The Production of Formaldehyde according to Several Countries...................................... 9
Table 2: Sitting Criteria for the Proposed Project ....................................................................... 13
Table 3: Summary of temperature, precipitation, and rainfall. ..................................................... 23
Table 4: Existing industry activities near the site location. .......................................................... 39
Table 5: Existing residential area near site location. ................................................................... 39
Table 6: Guidelines for the Siting and Zoning of Industries. ........................................................ 40
Table 7: Types of Waste that are to be collected ........................................................................ 48
Table 8: Survey Sampling Location ......................................................................................... 51
Table 9: Mammal Species in the Study Area ............................................................................. 52
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Table 10: Bird Species in Study Area ....................................................................................... 54
Table 11: Number of population .............................................................................................. 59
Table 12: Ethic Group and Gender Distribution ......................................................................... 59
Table 13: The age structure for Sipitang based on 2010 .............................................................. 60
Table 14: Number of gender distribution and household at Sipitang ............................................. 61
Table 15: Labour force population, 2005 .................................................................................. 61
Table 16: Labour force based on sector, 2005 ........................................................................... 61
Table 17: Social impact assessment questionnaire...................................................................... 62
Table 18: Level of emergencies in Formaldehyde Production Plant ............................................. 67
Table 19: The function and responsibilities of the following person ............................................. 70
Table 20: General facilities use for fire emergency. ................................................................... 73
Table 21: The responsibilities and duties of key personnel .......................................................... 74
Table 22: Summary of Potential Impact.................................................................................... 82
Table 23: Gas Composition of Absorber (T-100) ....................................................................... 89
Table 24 Gas Composition of Separator (V-100) ....................................................................... 89
Table 25: Summary of Negative Impacts and Mitigations during Construction Phase..................... 98
Table 26: Summary of Negative Impacts and Mitigations during Operational Phase ...................... 99
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Identification of Project
The team is proposing a project to construct a 35,000 tonnes per year of formaldehyde
production from methanol. The plant for the project is located at Sipitang Oil & Gas
Industrial Park, Sabah.
The chosen process for the production of formaldehyde is silver process due to its
advantages over another process. The silver process for the production of formaldehyde uses a
silver catalyst, over which partial oxidation and dehydrogenation of methanol occur. The
reactor feed is a mixture of air, steam and methanol, which is on the methanol-rich side of a
flammable mixture and the reaction of oxygen is virtually complete. This process is operated
at atmospheric pressure and at temperature between 600-650C. A mixture of vaporised
methanol, air and steam reacts over the catalyst and formaldehyde is formed by the
dehydrogenation of methanol in an endothermic reaction.
1.2 Purpose of Project
The purpose of the preparation of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report is to
obtain clearance environmentally from the Ministry of Environment, Malaysia. Besides that, it
is also to get better understanding of the impacts that would likely happen and to take
environmental protection measures during and after commissioning of the project.
1.3 Need of the project and its importance to the country
Formaldehyde is widely used to manufacture building materials and household products. Most
formaldehyde produced in the United States is for the manufacture of resins, such as urea-
formaldehyde, used to make the adhesives for pressed wood products, such as paneling,
furniture, cabinets, particleboard and other products Furniture, Flooring, Stairs, Cabinets and
More. . It is also a by-product of automobile combustion and is produced in small amounts by
most living organisms, including humans.
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Formaldehyde is also commonly used as a preservative in medical laboratories,
mortuaries, and consumer products, including some hair smoothing and straightening products.
In medical used, Formaldehydes use as an inactivating agent in vaccines is clearly defined and
well-regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Formaldehyde is used to
inactivate viruses so that they dont cause disease (e.g., polio virus used to make polio vaccine)
and to detoxify bacterial toxins, such as the toxin used to make diphtheria vaccine.
In the transportation basically tires of the vehicle from the front to the rear bumpers,
formaldehyde-based materials are key to the manufacture of automobiles and are used to make
components for the transmission, electrical system, engine block, door panels, axles and brake
shoes, just to name a few. It is even used in the paint. A document we print from computer and
ink in book, newspapers and etc. In textiles, formaldehyde-based materials help bind dyes and
pigments to fabrics and prevent the colors from running. These materials also help improve a
fabrics resistance to wrinkles and ease clothing care and maintenance.
Asia Pacific region shows the fastest growth rate in formaldehyde consumption
compare to moderate growth is observed in North America and Western Europe. As with other
chemical, China is the lead factor in significant demand growth in formaldehyde in Asia.
Formaldehyde resins, polyoxymethylene, MDI and 1,4 butane-diol are specific beneficiaries
of the multi-sector boom that contribute in China economy. By the end of 2015, remarkable
growth of formaldehyde consumption is at 10.2% that was helped by urea formaldehyde and
resin formaldehyde.
Other than that, Japan, India, Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia are other country in
Asia that has high demand and supply in formaldehyde. Japan is the second biggest
consumption of formaldehyde shows in figure 2.3 that the major application that utilized from
formaldehyde is urea formaldehyde and concentrates. In India, the market study firmly
establishes a growing demand for formaldehyde, which has been increasing over the years, but
in a non-continuous manner. This is because it only met the demand through domestic
production. The latest price of formaldehyde in India is Rs. 10.00/Kg at Ahmedabad Port. In
Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia employed mainly in the manufacture of urea formaldehyde
resin for the wood panel industry also show the steadily demand of formaldehyde.
8
Figure 1: The production percentage of formaldehyde according to
country
Formaldehyde operations in Malaysia are spread over a wide geography from Malay
Peninsula to the island of Borneo and are small in size relative to global counterparts. So far,
there are five formaldehyde plants in Malaysia which are in two in Kuantan, Pahang, two in
Kuching, Sarawak and one in Prai, Penang. These established formaldehyde plant in Malaysia
shows that there is a demand in Malaysia as the main raw material, methanol mainly produced
in Labuan by Methanol Petronas Labuan.
Most formaldehyde goes into basic urea formaldehyde adhesive grades that are used on
wood panels. Malaysia has already exported 270 tonnes in 2014, 559 tonnes in 2015 and
increasing to 688 tonnes in 2016. As the demand of formaldehyde increasing year by year, the
construction of this plant will help in supplying the formaldehyde worldwide in the future.
Table 2.1 shows the Malaysias Export of formaldehyde by country and figure 2.4 shows the
growth rate of supply and demand in Malaysia.
Table 1: The Production of Formaldehyde according to Several Countries

2014 2015 2016
Country Capacity (tonnes/year)

Singapore 71 26 16
Thailand 6 142 214
Iraq 0 0 20
Philippines 193 271 438
India 0 20 0
Source: Malaysia External Trade Development Corporation (MATRADE)
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Figure 2: Formaldehyde Supply and Demand in Malaysia
Malaysia not only export but also import the formaldehyde from other countries to fulfil
the demand in Malaysias industry. In 2014, 137 tonnes of formaldehyde has been import from
Malaysia Imports
1%
Formaldehyde 2016
2%
3%
4%
Singapore
United States
Germany
90% South Korea

Netherlands
Figure 3: Malaysia Imports Formaldehyde 2016

(Source: Malaysia External Trade Development Corporation (MATRADE))
various countries, followed by 2015 decrease to 28 tonnes per year and increase to 208 tonnes
in year 2016. Malaysia imports most of formaldehyde from Singapore in year 2016. Although
China has been the centre of formaldehyde manufacture, Malaysia had chosen Singapore by
considering about the cost of transport.
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1.4 Project Location
The proposed site is located at Sipitang Oil & Gas Industrial Park, Sabah. It is 15.5 km or
approximately 30 minutes to the town of Sipitang. It is also approximately 150 km south west
of Kota Kinabalu, the capital city of Sabah. The maps below will show the location of the site
proposed.
Figure 4: The location of Sipitang Oil and gas Industry on Google Maps
The Sipitang Oil and Gas Industrial Park (SOGIP), is strategically located within the Sabah,
Brunei and Labuan region. This region is the center for Oil and Gas activities along the west
coast of Sabah. Therefore it is a logical location to develop downstream Oil and gas industries
as part of Economic Transformation Programme (ETP). The availability of natural gas and
hydrocarbon liquid from the offshore production facilities off the coast of Sabah is also another
reason why SOGIP is well placed to spearhead development of Sabah Oil and Gas industries.
The figures below will show the Industrial Cluster Layout and the Utilities Layout of the
Sipitang Oil & Gas Industrial Park.
11
Figure 5: SOGIP industrial Cluster Layout
Figure 6: SOGIP Utilities Layout
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1.5 Sitting Criteria
The site is selected because its proximity to availability to raw materials and utility facilities
such as water, electricity and communication. The sitting criteria as per the guidelines are given
in the following table 2
Table 2: Sitting Criteria for the Proposed Project

Details Requirement Site Specification
Forest No forest land shall be No forest land is harmed
converted into non-forest within the site selected
activity for the sustenance of
the industry
Agricultural land No prime agricultural land No agricultural land is
shall be converted into involved as the site is in an
industrial site industrial land
Odor plants For industry having odor It is not an odor emitting
problem, it shall be a industry
kilometer wide
Layout Enough space should be The total land available in
provided for storage of solid the industrial park is more
wastes so that these could be than enough
available for possible reuse
Residential area Major habitation (>300000 Nearest major habilitation is
population) shall be at least Padang Berampah which is
1 km distance 8 km away
Ecologically/Sensitive zones Shall be at least 1 km No ecological sensitive area
distance within 1 km distance
Recreation Distance shall be 2 km in None within 2 km distance
distance
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1.6 Process Description.
The plant was designed to produce 35,000 tons/year of formalin with a 37 wt% purity of
formaldehyde and 63 wt% of water from methanol using the silver catalyst process. Aspen
HYSYS V8.8 software is used in completing the process simulation for our formaldehyde
production process. In this process, a reactor, an absorber, a distillation column and separator
are required for the production of formaldehyde.
First and foremost, three streams; first stream is a mixture of fresh methanol (30C, 200
kPa), second and third stream are recycled methanol (93C, 250 kPa & 30C, 180 kPa) are
pumped to P-100 to raise the pressure up to 350 kPa. Then, the mixture of methanol (stream 4)
enters a heater where the methanol is vaporized. Stream 6 is then at 100C and 300 kPa. Fresh
air is available at 30C and 101.3 kPa in Stream 1. Compressor, K-100, raises the pressure to
300 kPa in Stream 5. This stream then heated by medium-pressure steam. Thus, in Stream 7,
the temperature is raised to 270 C. Then, both Stream 6 and Stream 7 are mixed in a mixer
and the combined mixture is at 157C and 250 kPa in Stream 8.
The Stream 8 then enters to the conversion reactor, CRV-100. The reactor converts
87.4% of the methanol. In this projects study, formaldehyde is to be produced through a
catalytic vapor-phase oxidation reaction involving methanol and oxygen. In the reactor, there
are two reactions happen:
1
CH3 OH + O
2 2
HCHO + H2 O Hrxn = -37.3 kcal/mole (1)
CH3 OH HCHO + H2 Hrxn = 20.3 kcal/mole (2)
The first desired reaction is exothermic reaction while the second is an endothermic reaction.
The fluid package used for the reactor in this process simulation is NRTL (Non-random two-
liquid model). Since, the process is multicomponent substances; NRTL is the suitable to handle
any combination of polar and non-polar compounds, up to very strong non-ideality. For the
vapor model, RK (Redlich Kwong) is chosen since almost all the processes are not in ideal
state. The exit reactor temperature is 400 C at Stream 9.
The mixture in Stream 9 will enter to the cooler (E-102) in order to reduce the
temperature to 200 C. Before enter the absorber (T-100), the mixture will enter a compressor
in order to increase the pressure to 250 kPa. At absorber (T-100), fresh water is sent into the
top inlet of the absorber at 30 C and 150 kPa. T-100 is set to absorb 99% of the formaldehyde
that enters. The waste product (Stream 14) which is in the form of off-gas is sent to the flare
14
and the product (Stream15) is then entering the formalin distillation column (T-101). The
distillation column used is a partial condenser with reboiler type of distillation column in which
T-101 recovers a 37 wt% solution of formaldehyde in water. Most of the methanol is recovered
in the distillate which is consists of vapor and liquid outlet. The Stream 17 which is distillate
liquid outlet that contains 92 wt% methanol, is recycled back to the inlet of fresh methanol at
93 C and 250kPa. The vapor outlet of the overhead product that also contain higher methanol
entered the separator unit (V-100) in order to separate between methanol and the off gas. After
the separation, the liquid product that contain of methanol will recycled back to the fresh feed
of methanol at 30 C and 180 kPa.
However, the bottoms liquid product of distillation column, Stream 18 is sent to a cooler
to reduce the temperature from 139 C to 35 C. Then, the product of formalin is sent to storage
at 35 C and 250kPa. Storage of formalin is tricky. At high temperatures, undesirable
polymerization of formaldehyde is inhibited, but formic acid formation is favoured. At low
temperatures, acid formation is inhibited, but polymerization is favored. With 2 wt%
methanol, the storage tank contents must be maintained between 35 C and 45 C.
15
Figure 7: Process Flow Diagram (PFD) for Formaldehyde Plant
16
MATERIAL STREAMS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Vapour Frac. 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
Temperature C 30.00 30.00 37.00 38.76 174.20 100.00 270.00 157.80 400.00
Pressure kPa 101.3 200.0 180.0 350.0 300.0 300.0 250.0 250.0 200.0
Molar Flow Kmol/h 63.0871 83.1597 109.6597 109.6597 63.0871 109.6597 63.0871 172.7468 223.3314
Mass Flow Kg/h 1842.7994 2638.0875 3422.6347 3422.6347 1842.7994 3422.6347 1842.7994 5265.4679 5265.5653
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Vapour Frac. 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
Temperature C 400.00 200.00 268.30 30.00 87.91 92.57 92.63 93.43 139.80
Pressure kPa 200.0 150.0 250.0 150.0 140.0 150.0 350.0 250.0 300.0
Molar Flow Kmol/h 0.0000 223.3314 223.3314 143.0000 150.0000 216.3314 216.3314 23.0000 188.3314
Mass Flow Kg/h 0.0000 5263.2416 5263.2416 2574.0000 2785.0500 5049.9532 5049.9532 671.6000 4239.3402
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Vapour Frac. 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
Temperature C 93.43 93.42 30.00 29.92 30.00 30.00 35.00
Pressure kPa 250.0 250.0 200.0 160.0 180.0 180.0 250.0
Molar Flow kmol/h 5.0000 23.0000 5.0000 1.5000 3.5000 3.5000 188.3314
Mass Flow Kg/h 139.0000 671.6000 139.0000 27.0000 112.0000 112.0000 4239.3402
17
COMPOSITIONS (Comp. Mole Frac.)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Methanol 0.0000 0.9774 0.9409 0.9409 0.0000 0.9409 0.0000 0.5973 0.1500
Oxygen 0.3026 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3026 0.0000 0.3026 0.1105 0.0000
Formaldehyde 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3120
H2O 0.0000 0.0226 0.0591 0.0591 0.0000 0.0591 0.0000 0.0375 0.2000
Hydrogen 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.1410
Nitrogen 0.6974 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.6974 0.0000 0.6974 0.2547 0.1970
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Methanol - 0.1500 0.1500 0.0000 0.0710 0.1056 0.1056 0.8000 0.0050
Oxygen - 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Formaldehyde - 0.3120 0.3120 0.0000 0.0000 0.3221 0.3221 0.0000 0.3700
H2O - 0.2000 0.2000 1.0000 0.4257 0.5723 0.5723 0.2000 0.6250
Hydrogen - 0.1410 0.1410 0.0000 0.2100 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Nitrogen - 0.1970 0.1970 0.0000 0.2933 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Methanol 0.7000 0.8000 0.7000 0.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.0050
Oxygen 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Formaldehyde 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3700
H2O 0.3000 0.2000 0.3000 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.6250
Hydrogen 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Nitrogen 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
18
1.7 Objectives of EIA Study
The objective of this Assignment was to carry out an EIA to investigate the environmental
acceptability during construction and operation of the Project. Potential environmental impacts
were identified and evaluated with recommendations on appropriate mitigation measures. The
objectives of the EIA study were:
i. To describe the Project and associated works together with the requirements and
environmental benefits for carrying out the Project.
ii. To identify and describe elements of community and environment likely to be affected
by the Project and/or likely to cause adverse impacts to the Project, including natural
and man-made environment and the associated environmental constraints.
iii. To identify and quantify emission sources, including air and gaseous emission, noise
emission, sewage and wastewater emission, waste generation and contaminated
material generation and determine the significance of impacts on sensitive receivers
and potential affected uses.
iv. To identify and systematically evaluate any potential landscape and visual impacts and
to propose measures to mitigate these impacts
v. To identify any negative impacts on sites of cultural heritage and to propose measures
to mitigate these impacts
vi. To identify and quantify any potential losses or damage to flora, fauna and natural
habitats;
vii. To investigate the feasibility, practicability, effectiveness and implications of the
proposed mitigation measures
viii. To identify, assess and specify methods, measures and standards to be included in the
detailed design, construction and operation of the Project which are necessary to
mitigate these environmental impacts and cumulative effects and reduce them to
acceptable levels
ix. To identify, predict and evaluate the residual environmental impacts (i.e. after
practicable mitigation) and the cumulative effects expected to arise during the
construction and operation phases of the Project in relation to the sensitive receivers
and potential affected uses
19
x. To investigate the extent of the secondary environmental impacts that may arise from
the proposed mitigation measures and to identify constraints associated with the
mitigation measures recommended in the EIA study, as well as the provision of any
necessary modification
1.8 Key Issues
The key environmental issues arising are as follows:
Waste Arising
Noise Disturbance
Aqueous Discharge
Gaseous Emission
Soil & Groundwater Contamination
1.9 Scope of EIA Study
This EIA report addresses all key potential environmental issues associated with the
construction and operation phases of the Project. The scopes are:
i. Potential air quality impact on sensitive receivers during construction and operation of
the Project, including dust emissions during construction, odour, vehicular (including
traffic generated from the Project) and other air emissions during operation
ii. Potential noise impact on sensitive receivers during construction and operation of the
Project, including noise generated by construction activities and fixed plant noise
during operation
iii. Potential hazard to life impact during the construction and operation of the Project
due to the potentially hazardous facilities
iv. Potential water quality impact on relevant water system(s)
v. Potential land contamination impact arising from the Project
vi. Potential ecological impact, including habitat loss and fragmentation during
construction and operation of the Project;
20
vii. Potential waste management implications arising from the construction and operation
of the Project
viii. Potential landscape and visual impacts due to the construction and operation of the
Project
2.0 WATER AND AIR

2.1 ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENT WISE ACTIVITY FOR THE STUDY
2.1.1 Air Environment
Ambient Air Quality monitoring to measure levels of PM2.5, PM10, SO2 & NOX
Collection of surface meteorological data, viz wind speed, wind direction, relative
humidity, temperature and cloud cover.
Identification and quantification of potential emission sources from industrial source.
Prediction of ground level concentration (GLCs) of air pollutants through appropriate
air quality model incorporating the requirements specified in the publication of central
pollution control Board Assessment of impact in Air Environment Guidelines for
conducting Air quality Modeling.
Evaluation of the adequacy of proposed pollution control measures to meet air quality
emission standard.
Recommendation of air pollution mitigation measures.
2.1.2 Water Environment
Study of ground water (dug wells / tube wells) and surface water resources with respect
to their quantity & quality
Estimation of water requirement for the proposed project and its effect on water demand
vis--vis regional water balance
Evaluation of waste water treatment plant & suggest modifications or additional
recommendations, if any
Prediction of impacts on quality of receiving environmental system due to disposal of
treated waste water.
21
2.2 ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS AND IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACTS
The air quality status becomes foundation and important part for the assessment of air
quality impacts due to the proposed development activity. The status of air quality can be
generated by well-planned air quality monitoring activity. The baseline status for air
environment includes reconnaissance, identification of specific air pollutants due to the
proposed project activity and measuring their existing levels prior to the implementation of the
project. The data required to assess the ambient status was collected, analysed and evaluated
through a well-designed air quality monitoring (AQM) network.
Design of ambient air quality monitoring network
The following criteria were taken into account in designing the ambient air quality-monitoring network.
Topography/terrain of the study area

Populated areas within the region
Prediction of max concentration & distances of their likely occurrences under
prevailing micro-meteorological conditions
Representation of regional background
Representation of valid cross sectional distribution in down wind direction
Historical wind rose to understand the wind pattern in the area.
Scouting survey
To collect information on topography of the study area, meteorological characteristics
of the area and other relevant information for air environment study, a scouting survey was
done. By undergone the survey, it enables air quality monitoring network design and sampling
sites location selection. The criteria pollutants like PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NOx were
identified to assess the existing air quality in the impact zone. The levels of PM10, PM2.5,
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Volatile Organic
Compound (VOC) and Ammonia (NH3) were monitored for establishing the baseline status.
PM2.5 and PM10 samples were collected with the help of respirable particulate sampler
operating 24 hours by drawing air which passes through the cyclone at the rate of 1.0-1.5
m3/min which collects the particles less than 10 m diameter over glass fibre filter paper and
the bigger particulates from 10 to 100 m are collected in the receiver provided at the bottom
22
of the cyclone. The dust deposited over the filter paper was measured as PM10 and the dust
deposited in the receiver was measured as PM2.5 which was computed by gravimetric method.
Due to the high suction of the air, the vacuum was formed into the hopper which was utilized
by providing a nozzle in the hopper for sampling of SO2 and NOx, which was analyzed
spectrophotometrically. Similarly, NH3 and VOCs were analysed through NH3 analyser and
gas chromatographically respectively.The location of the plant is at Sipitang Oil and Gas
Industrial Park (SOGIP), Sipitang, Sabah. Area of proposed location covered 8 hectars of
SOGIP. Radial distance covered for the study is 10km from the proposed plant. The identified
impact zone is covered by wasteland, residential area, and other rurally inhabited localities.
Within the study area there are some other big and small industries. Fertilisers (Ammonia,
Urea), Bulk Storage (Oil, Petroleum), Bio-based (Pharmaceuticals, Cosmetics), Fabrication
and Refinery are the industry prevalent in the area.
Meteorology of the Area

The study of meteorological conditions of a particular region is of utmost importance
to understand the variations in ambient air quality status in that region. The prevailing
meteorology at project site plays a crucial role in transport and dispersion of air pollutants. The
persistence of the predominant wind direction and wind speed at the project site will decide the
direction and extent of the air pollution impact zone. The principal variables, which affect the
meteorology, are horizontal transport and dispersion (average wind speed and directions),
convective transport and vertical mixing (atmospheric stability) and also topography of the area
towards local influences. Data was collected for proposed project site on hourly basis
continuously from March May 2017. Summary of temperature, precipitation, and rainfall
are shown in table below.
Table 3: Summary of temperature, precipitation, and rainfall.

Month Temperature (C) Relative humidity (%) Rainfall
Min Max Min Max (rain /month)
March 2017 22 33 67 93 11
April 2017 24 33 70 91 14
May 2017 24 33 71 96 15
Range 22-33 67-96 Total - 40
23
Baseline Status
Methodology for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
The baseline status of the ambient air quality was assessed through a scientifically designed
ambient air quality monitoring network. The design of monitoring network in the air quality
surveillance program was based on the following considerations:
Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale;

Topography of the study area;
Representatives of regional background;
Population and sensitive areas;
Representation of valid cross sectional distribution in downwind direction
The ambient air quality monitoring was carried out in accordance with guidelines of New
Malaysia Ambient Air Quality Standards (NMAAQS) of Department of Environmental (DOE)
dated 18th November 2009. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) was carried out at 7
locations. AAQM locations were monitored on 24 hourly average basis for two days in a week
as per guidelines of NMAAQS. AAQM was carried out at 7 number of locations, as per
presented in CPCB guideline to determine a finer cross-sectional distribution of air pollution
in an industrial developed region. The conventional and project specific parameters such as s
particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) Carbon
Monoxide (CO), Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) and Ammonia (NH3) were monitored.
PM2.5 and PM10 samples were collected with the help of respirable particulate sampler
operating 24 hours by drawing air which passes through the cyclone at the rate of 1.0-1.5
m3/min which collects the particles less than 10 m diameter over glass fibrefilter paper and
the bigger particulates from 10 to 100 m are collected in the receiver provided at the bottom
of the cyclone. The dust deposited over the filter paper was measured as PM10 and the dust
deposited in the receiver was measured as PM2.5 which was computed by gravimetric method.
Due to the high suction of the air, the vacuum was formed into the hopper which was utilized
by providing a nozzle in the hopper for sampling of SO2 and NOX, which was analyzed
spectrophotometrically. Similarly, NH3 and VOCs were analysed through NH3 analyser and
gas chromatographically respectively.
The sampling location with high volume sampler. The values for monitored concentrations of
various pollutants at all the monitoring location were processed for different statistical
parameters like arithmetic mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum concentration,
24
and percentile values. The existing baseline levels with respect to PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOx, are
expressed in terms of various statistical parameters the 98th percentile concentration have been
compared with stipulated standards of NMAAQS.
Figure 8: study area map
Techniques used for ambient air quality monitoring
No. Parameters Techniques Minimum

reportable value
(g/m3)
1 Total Suspended Respirable Dust Sampler 5.0
Particulate Matter (Gravimetric Method)
2 Respirable Respirable Dust Sampler 5.0
Particulate Matter (Gravimetric Method)
3 PM 2.5 Fine particulate sampler using 5.0
WINS Impactor with low flow rate
16.7 lpm (Envirotech)
25
4 Sulphur Dioxide Modified West and Gaeke 4.0
Method
5 Oxide of Nitrogen Jacob &Hochheiser Method 4.0
6 Ozone Spectrophotometer 1.0
7 Carbon Monoxide Gas Chromatography Method 12.5
8 Mercury ICP-AAS 1.0
9 VOC Absorption / Adsorption over -
Char Coal By GCMS
10 Hydrocarbon Flame Ionization Detection 0.05 ppm
(Methane, Non
Methane & THC)
Sensitivity of Meteorology Monitoring Equipment

No. Sensor Sensitivity
1 Wind speed sensor +0.02 m/s
2 Wind direction sensor +3 degrees
3 Temperature sensor 0.2 C
4 Relative humidity 3%
5 Rain gauge 0.5 mm
6 Solar radiation 4 mV/kW/m2
Monitored Parameters and Frequency of Sampling

Parameters Sampling frequency
Suspended particulate matter 24 hourly sample twice a week for three months
Respirable particulate matter 24 hourly sample twice a week for three months
PM2.5 24 hourly sample twice a week for three months
Sulphur dioxide (SO2) 24 hourly sample twice a week for three months
Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) 24 hourly sample twice a week for three months
Ozone 8 hourly sample for 24 hour twice a week for three
months
Carbon monoxide (CO) 8 hourly sample for 24 hour twice a week for three
months
26
Design Details of Air Pollution Control System
A) Boiler Furnace
No. Particulars Details

1 No. of stacks 1
2 Attached to Boiler
3 Capacity 900 kg/day
4 Fuel type Diesel
5 Fuel quantity 25 lithe /hr
6 Material of constructiom Carbon steel
7 Shape Round
8 Height 11 m

In general, any industrial project is expected to cause impact on water environment in
two ways: one is stress on water resources (continuous withdrawal of large quantities of water)
and other is pollution through discharge of effluents. These impacts may be related to either
both surface and groundwater resources in the project area depending on the specific situation.
To address these issues, it is necessary to ensure the availability of water resources in project
area with respect to their existing quality as well as their supportive capacity to represent the
baseline status of water environment.
Water Quality Survey
1. Upstream and downstream samples were collected for sampling. On site sampling
collection and chemical fixation for various parameters including plankton study are
done at locations only.
2. Water samples were analyzed for physico-chemical characteristics, nutrients, organic
parameter, heavy metals, and bacteriological parameters as per standard methods
(APHA 2005) Decision on the analytical data is presented in the following sections.
27
Water Quality Status
Analytical procedures for water quality parameters
Water requirement
The water requirement will be utilized for the following applications:
Process
Cooling of process equipment and flammable storage tanks
D.M. Water
Drinking and sanitation
House keeping
Landscaping & gardening
Scrubbing etc.
28
The detail about water requirement is presented below
Sr. No. Purpose Proposed Requirement (m3/day)

1 Domestic 2.7
2 Industrial process 44.4
3 Industrial cooling tower 110
4 Landscaping 8.5
TOTAL 165.6
Wastewater generation
Domestic waste
The domestic waste generation is estimated to be 2.16 m3/d. The domestic waste
generation will be sent to septic tank / soak pit. The overflow will be used for gardening or let
to sewerage line.
Industrial wastewater
The total water requirement for the plant is estimated to be 165.6 m3/d. The wastewater
generation is expected to be 24.16 m3/d. The waste water generated will be sent for treatment
of wastewater. The wastewater generation and its disposal pattern is shown in table below.
Sr. Source Proposed Total domestic Dispoosal

No. m3/day waste
generation
m3/day
1 Domestic 2.7 2.16
2 Industrial 0 0
29
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES (SOP)
FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS
30
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER SAMPLING AND
ANALYSIS
Source : Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Published by
APHA,
31
GROUND WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
32
WASTE WATER DISCHARGE STANDARDS
33
3.0 SOIL AND GROUND WATER
3.1 Soil
The topography of Sipitang Oils and Gas Industry is low lying area with sand stone geology
fragments due to location near the South China Sea. There are two river stream located near
the proposed area which is Sungai Mengalong and stream 1 (Figures 1) which was not be
named based on the Google maps. The South China Sea is located to the north of the proposed
area while been bounded by the Mengalong Forest Reserve on the east and west.
The topography of Sipitang and oil and gas industry area is low lying area with
elevation ranged from 8 m above mean sea level to 24.6 m above mean sea level. Only the area
to the southeast of the proposed Project site is consist of rolling area as the elevation is 19.7 m
above mean sea level. Regional geology of the proposed project site is underlain by hard dark
Clay with Shale (SandStone) fragments. The granite bedrock is predominantly megacrystic
consisting of alkaline feldspar megacryst set in an allotriomorphoic to hydiomorphic
groundmass probably aged Late Triassic.
Based on Geological Memoir 17 The Geology and Mineral Resources of the Labuan
and Paths Valley Area, Sabah, Malaysia by Geological Survey Borneo Region, Malaysia. The
general geological setting of the site consists of Meligan Formation, Liang Formation and
Recent Alluvium deposits. (PETRONAS Chemical Group Berhad)
3.2 Ground Water
Based from Figure 2, it can be seen that Sipitang Oils and Gas Industry consists of sedimentary
rocks where local groundwater is significance. Moreover the depth to groundwater is
important; primarily it determines the depth of material through which any contaminants must
migrate before reaching the groundwater.
There is greater chance for attenuation of contaminants to occur as the depth to

groundwater increases. The quality of the natural groundwater is a direct result of the closeness
to the ocean. Ambient groundwater tends towards a Na-Cl (saline character), which is common
for groundwater along the coast.
34
Stream 1
Sungai
Mengalong
Figure 9: The location of nearest water stream to the proposed area of plant (taken from Google Maps)
35
Proposed area at the
Sipitang Oil and Gas
Industry.
Figure 10: Simplified Draft Hydrological Map of Sabah (taken from Water Resources Master Plan, Natural Resources Office Sabah,
Malaysia)
36
4.0 NOISE ENVIRONMENT
Noise environment is a loud outcry or commotion that is unpleasant, unexpected, or undesired

with various frequencies over the audible range due to the regular activities of the mankind
primarily noise pollution (or environmental noise) is displeasing human, animal or machine-
created sound that disrupts he activity or balance of humans or animals life. The source of most
outdoor noise worldwide is mainly evolved from industries, constructions and transportation
systems, including motor vehicle noise, aircraft noise and rail noise, poor urban planning may
give rise to noise pollution.
Noise can be defined as an unwanted sound. It is interferes with speech and hearing and
is intense enough to damage hearing or is otherwise annoying. The definition of noise as
unwanted sound implies that it has an adverse effect on human beings and their environment.
Noise can also disturb natural wildlife and ecological system.
Industrial noise resulting to noise pollution has many reasons such as industries being
close to human habitats which prevent the noise from decaying before it reaches human ear. A
determination is made of the micro scale impact by predicting anticipated noise levels are
compared with applicable standards or criteria in order to assess the impact.
Sound is mechanical energy from a vibrating surface, transmitted by cyclic series of

compression and rarefaction of molecules of the materials through which it passes. Sound can be
transmitted through gases, liquids and solids. The number of compressions and refractions of the
air molecules in the unit of time is described as its frequency. Frequency is expressed in hertz
(Hz), which is the same as the number of cycles per second.
The physical description of sound concerns its loudness as a function of frequency. Noise
in general sound which comprises of many frequency components with different variations in
loudness over the audible frequency range. Various noise scales have been introduced to
describe, a single number, the response of an average human to a complex sound made up of
various frequencies at different loud levels, the response of the human ear to sound is dependent
on the frequency of the sound and this has led to the concept of weighting scales. The human ear
has peak response around 2500 to 3000 Hz and has a relatively low response at low frequencies.
37
4.1 Impact Assessment of Noise Environment.
The environmental impact assessment of noise for the proposed project was carried out by taking
various factors into consideration like potential physiological responses, annoyance and general
community responses and also taking all the factors mentioned in the above lines in to
considerations the existing status of noise levels within the study zone, which is a primary
requirement for impact assessment studies has been undertaken for the monitoring of baseline
noise levels.
4.2 Existing Noise Environment.
Pre-project noise levels have been monitored at different points within the study zone and the
spot measurement device was used for this purpose. Keeping in view of various local activities
such as residential and industrial activities there are 4 industries and 6 residential area located
near the site location. The list of industries and residential area are depicted in the Table 4 and
Table 5. There were four sources of noise observed at the proposed project site and its
surrounding areas:
a) Passing vehicles at the adjacent roads.
b) Natural noise sources e.g. noise generated by blowing wind over vegetation, insects,
birds, roasters, and dogs.
c) Noise generated by human activities i.e. walking, talking, etc.
d) Noise generated from the nearest industries.
Based on Table 4 & 5, according to the distance of the activities from the proposed project site,
the expected Leq levels at all monitoring locations during the day time and night time were well
within the WHO requirement of 75 dB(A) and DOE limits of 70 dB(A) and 60 dB(A)
respectively.
38
Table 4: Existing industry activities near the site location.
List of Industry Distance to Site location
1. Metahanol & its Derivatives Industry 0.20 km
2. Sabah Ammonia Urea, Petronas (SAMUR) 0.82 km
3. Jesselton Concrete, Sipitang 2.33 km
4. Sabah Forest Industry (Ballarpur Industries) 3.71 km
Table 5: Existing residential area near site location.

List of Residential Area Distance to Site location
1. Kampung Banting 4.33 km
2. Kampung Melintantan 7.40 km
3. Kuala Mengalong 4.00 km
4. Bandar Sidumin 3.40 km
5. Padang Berampah 3.40 km
6. Kampung Tanjung Nipis 5.09 km
39
Table 6: Guidelines for the Siting and Zoning of Industries.
INDUSTRIES DESCRIPTIONS BUFFER
ZONE
Light Type A Industries shall not generate excessive noise. 30 m
Light Type B Industries shall not generate excessive noise 50 m
Medium These industries could generate significant noise from 250 m
machineries, generators etc. but which could be controlled to
meet the level not exceeding 65dB (A) Leq at the factory
boundary, and not exceeding 55 and 45 dB (A) Leq at the
residential/buffer zone boundary during day and right time
respectively.
Heavy Heavy industries must be sited in designated industrial estates 500 m
or designated industrial zones with sufficient buffer zones
from residential areas, livestock farm, agricultural farm,
recreation areas and tourist designated areas. A minimum
distance from the fence of the industry to the nearest
residential area is 500 meters, to be finalized by the EIA
Report
Figures 11, 12 and 13 shows the industries near the Sipitang, Sabah that produced most of the
excessive noise due to the construction area, storage area and pulp and paper mill area. However,
Jesselton Concrete and Sabah Forest Industry are far away from proposed project area as compared
to Methanol and SAMUR industries area. Furthermore, Figures 14 until 19 shows the schedule of
permissible sound levels for industrial area and development area.
40
Figure 11: SIPITANG Oil and Gas Industry.
Figure 12: Methanol Production and its Derivatives
41
Figure 13: Sabah Forest Industries Sdn. Bhd (Pulp and Paper Mill)
42
Figure 14: Maximum permissible sound level (LAeq) by receiving land use for planning and new
development.
(Source: "The Planning Guidelines For Environmental Noise Limits and Control | Department of
Environment", 2017)
Figure 15: Maximum permissible sound level (LAeq) of new development (roads, rails, industrial)
in areas of existing high environmental noise climate.
Environment", 2017)
43
Figure 16: Maximum permissible sound level (LAeq) to be maintained at the existing noise
climate.
Environment", 2017)
Figure 17: Limiting sound level (LAeq) from road traffic (for proposed new roads and/or
redevelopment of existing roads)
Environment", 2017)
44
Figure 18: Limiting sound level (LAeq) for railways including transits (for new development and
re-alignments)
Environment", 2017)
Figure 19: Maximum permissible sound levels (percentile LN and LMAX) of construction,
maintenance and demolition work by receiving land use.
Environment", 2017)
45
NOTES
*1. At these times the maximum permissible levels as stipulated in Schedule 1 for the
respective residential density type shall apply. This may mean that no noisy construction work
can take place during these hours.
2**. A reduction of these levels in this vicinity of certain institutions such as schools,
hospitals, mosque and noise sensitive premises (apartments, residential dwellings, and hotel)
may be exercised by the local authority or Department of Environment.
Where the affected premises are noise sensitive, the limits of the Schedule 1 shall apply.
3. In the event that the existing ambient sound level (L90) without construction, maintenance
and demolition works higher than the L90 limit of the above Schedule the higher measure
ambient L90 sound level shall prevail. In this case, maximum permissible L10 sound level shall
not exceed the ambient L90 level + 10 dBA, or the above Schedule L10 whichever is the higher.
4. NA = Not Applicable
4.3 Methodology of Noise Measurement.
For noise levels measure over a given period of time interval, it is possible to describe important
features of noise using statistical quantities. This is calculated using the percent of the time as
certain noise levels are exceeding the time interval. The notations for the statistical quantities of
noise level are given below:
L10 is the noise level exceeded 10% of the time.

L50 is the noise level exceeded 50% of the time and
L90 is the noise level exceeded 90% of the time.
Equivalent Sound Pressure Level (Leq)
The Leq is the equivalent continuous sound level, which is equivalent to the same sound energy as
the actual fluctuating sound measured in the same period. This is necessary because sound from
noise source often fluctuates widely during a given period of time.
This is calculated from the following equation:
46
= 50 + (10 90 )2 /60
Lday is defined as the equivalent noise level measure over a period of time during day (6 am to 10
pm). Lnight is defined as the equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during night (10
pm to 6 am).
Hourly noise recorded data and Lday values (15 hours), Lnight (9 hours) and Ldn (24 hours) are
observed. The noise rating developed for community noise from all sources is the Day-Night sound
level, (Ldn). It is similar to a 24 hours equivalent sound level except that during nighttime period
(10 pm to 6 am). A 10 db (A) weighting penalty is added to the instantaneous sound level before
computing the 24 hours average.
This is time penalty is added to account for the fact that noise during night when people usually
sleep is judged as more annoying than the same noise during the daytime. The Ldn for a given
location in a community may be calculated from the hourly
= 10 {1/24[15(10/10 ) + 9(109+10 )/10)]}
Where Ld is the equivalent sound level during the day time (6 am to 10 pm) and Ln is the equivalent
sound level during the night time (10 pm to 6 am).
47
5.0 WASTE ISSUES
5.1 Definition of toxic and hazardous waste
Toxic and hazardous wastes are defined as waste or combination of waste that pose a significant
or potential hazard to human health or living organisms and comes under the Environmentally
Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations, 1989.
5.2 Type of waste recovered
The waste that are to be collected, transported and recovered by the project proponent are listed
in Table 7
Table 7: Types of Waste that are to be collected

Category Waste type
Wastewater Industrial wastewater
Domestic wastewater
Solid / hazardous waste Used oil
Discarded plastic bag
ETP sludge
5.3 Source of waste
There are several source of waste in this propose project. For industrial waste water, the waste are
generated due to reverse manufacturing process, cooling and boiler blow down. While for solid /
hazardous waste, mostly these wastes are generated at production area. Used oil is used during the
construction which used for heavy machinery and for equipment maintenance. The used oil is
including grease, diesel and lubricant.
48
5.4 Waste management
The hazardous waste such as ETP sludge, used oil and discarded bags from ETP, material handling
and machinery shall be stored at specific isolated area for effective management. The various type
of solid waste generated should be stored separately in specific manner so that it should not
adversely affect the air quality, becoming air bone by wind or water regime during rainy season.
Then the schedule waste is dispose to Quality Alam.
6.0 ECOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY
Study of Biological Environment is one of the most important aspects for Environmental Impact
Assessment Studies in view of the need for conservation of environmental quality and biodiversity.
Ecological systems show complex inter-relationships between biotic and abiotic components
including dependence, competition and mutualism. Biotic components comprise both plant and
animal communities, which interact not only within and between themselves but also with the
biotic components viz. physical & chemical components of the environment
The data in the study area is collected on types and status of flora and fauna, for assessing the
potential impacts on flora and fauna due to construction and operation of the project with
associated facilities.
6.1 Ecology
Ecological impact assessment is used to predict and evaluate the impacts of development on
ecosystems and their components, thereby providing the information needed to ensure that
ecological issues are given full and proper consideration in development planning. Ecological
assessment has a major part to play as a component of EIA but also has other potential applications
in environmental planning and management.
The vegetation and wild life describes the environment setting in terms of type of communities,
community uniqueness, and types of species forming each community, dominant species, rare and
endangered species, and their habitat vulnerability to various disturbances. Ecological cycle also
is an important representation of biological environmental setting.
49
6.2 Reconnaissance Survey
A survey was carried out within project site and 10 km radial area to get an idea of major vegetative
patterns, plant, animal communities, dominant species, correlation between plant, animal
communities in order to establish existing scenario of flora and fauna. Reconnaissance survey was
carried out to have an overview of the terrestrial ecosystem of the core and buffer area. The survey
revealed that the study area mainly consist of commercial forest reserve which was the Mengalong
Forest Reserve with some residential area also.
6.3 Survey Methodology
In order to assess the prevailing status of flora and fauna in the project region, particularly on the
endemic, rare and endangered species; and migratory path/ route of animals and birds and their
breeding and nesting places in different terrestrial and aquatic locations of project area; baseline
ecological surveys were conducted during the study period. The baseline ecological status in the
project area has been established through the following methods:
1. Collection of secondary information on ecological conditions pertaining to flora and fauna

and its review.
2. Reconnaissance surveys of the entire project area, in order to have a broad understanding
on the prevailing situation on flora and fauna in the project area for stratifying different
areas into different representative classes in order to select most appropriate sampling
locations for conducting detailed ecological surveys;
3. Detailed primary ecological field surveys for establishing the first-hand information on
prevailing ecological status in the project area, covering different representative
physiognomic and habitat conditions; and establishing the present status of plant species
and their importance
The survey was carried out by random sampling methodology in the project area and 10 km radius
including the forest patches. Table 8 shows the sampling locations.
50
Table 8: Survey Sampling Location
List of Industry Distance to Site location
1. Metahanol & its Derivatives Industry 0.20 km
2. Sabah Ammonia Urea, Petronas (SAMUR) 0.82 km
3. Jesselton Concrete, Sipitang 2.33 km
4. Sabah Forest Industry (Ballarpur Industries) 3.71 km
5. Kampung Banting 4.33 km
6. Kampung Melintantan 7.40 km
7. Kuala Mengalong 4.00 km
8. Bandar Sidumin 3.40 km
9. Padang Berampah 3.40 km
10. Kampung Tanjung Nipis 5.09 km
11. Mengalong River 4.00 km
6.4 Ecological Status of the Study Area
Survey was carried out in study area for vegetative patterns, plant, animal communities, dominant
species, correlation between plant, animal communities in order to establish existing scenario of
flora and fauna.
The key species in the study area of 7 km radius were found from the different localities including
the forest patches like Acacia mangium (forest mangrove), Baeckea frutescens, Paraserianthes
falcataria, Gmelina arborea (Gamhar), Eucalyptus spp and Hevea spp
6.5 Observations and Results
Based on the observation, Acacia mangium (forest mangrove) and Baeckea frutescens (an
evergreen, heather-like shrub or small tree growing up to 8 metres tall) were the dominate flora of
the proposed project site and some of the tress were seedling or juvenile. Other than that, the
surrounding areas was also prone to forest fire based on the field observation.
51
Baeckea frutescens Acacia mangium
Figure 20: Pictures of the flora that dominate the project site
6.6 Terrestrial Fauna
Since the project area is surrounded by mostly Acacia mangium (forest mangrove) and Baeckea
frutescens, the survey have found some terrestrial fauna living in the area. Table 9 shows the
mammal species in the study area.
Table 9: Mammal Species in the Study Area

Common name Zoological Name
Brookes Squirrel Sundasciurus brookei
Shrew-faced Ground Squirrel Rhinociurus laticaudatus
Bornean Bearded Pig Sus barbatus
Striped Treeshrew Tupaia dorsalis
Common Treeshrew Tupaia glis,
Pygmy Treeshrew Tupaia minor
Lows Squirrel Sundasciurus lowii
Asian Palm Civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus
Small-toothed Palm Civet Arctogalidia trivirgata
52
Figure 21 below are some of pictures or the mammals that are found in the study area.
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Figure 21: (a) Brookes Squirrel, (b) Shrew-face Ground Squirrel, (c) Common Treeshrew, and (d) Asian
Palm Civet.
53
6.7 Common Birds of Project Site
This fauna is also a common type at the study area. The birds found in the study area are enlisted
in Table 10.
Table 10: Bird Species in Study Area

Common Name Zoological Name
Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela
White-fronted Falconet Microheirax latifrons
Crested Partridge Rollulus roulroul
Cinnamon-headed Pigeon Treron fulvicollis
Little Green Pigeon Treron olax
Green Imperial Pigeon Ducula aenea
Emerald Dove Chalcophaps indica
Long-tailed Parakeet Psittacula longicauda
Blue-crowned Hanging Parrot Loriculus galgulus
Indian Cuckoo Cuculus micropterus
Plaintive Cuckoo Cacomantis merulinus
Chestnut-bellied Malkoha Phaenicophaeus sumatranus
Chestnut-breasted Malkoha Phaenicophaeus curvirostris
Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis
Short-toed Coucal Centropus rentunguis
Collared Scops Owl Otus bakkamoena
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Figure 22 below shows some of the bird species that were found in the study area.
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
55
(e) (f)
(g) (h)
(i)
Figure 22: (a) Crested Serpent Eagle, (b) White-fronted Falconet, (c) Crested Partridge, (d) Cinnamon-
headed Pigeon, (e) Blue-crowned Hanging Parrot, (f) Plaintive Cuckoo, (g) Chestnut-bellied Malkoha, (h)
Greater Coucal and (i) Collared Scops Owl
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6.8 Aquatic Fauna
The Mengalong River is 9.54 km away from the project site. Based on the survey, the common
fish species found in the river were Gastromyzon aeroide, Gastromyzon borneensis, and
Gastromyzon lepidogaster. All of them are from the same species which is Gastromyzon.
(a) Gastromyzon aeroide, (b) Gastromyzon borneensis
(c) Gastromyzon lepidogaster.
Figure 23: The pictures of the Gastromyzon species
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7.0 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
7.1 Introduction
Development of projects goes hand in hand with environmental impact and hence before any
project is undertaken the damages in relation to the benefits should be measured. Unfortunately
environmental issues are interdisciplinary, interactive, biological and probabilistic and because the
information is always deficient, the outcome has a considerable degree of uncertainty or risk. This
conflict between development andconservation is difficult to reconcile. Environmental baseline,
ecological reconnaissanceand environmental impact studies provide databases and quantitative
assessment of environmental factors related to development projects.
Any developmental activity will influence the socioeconomic conditions of the population in the
region and thus the Quality of Life (QOL). Socioeconomic survey is necessary in EIA/EMP report
preparation to predict the changes on social and economic status. Hence baseline data for
demographic characteristics, education, health, religion, gender structure, and sensitive locations
existing in and around the project area have been studied in the study area. For the study of
socioeconomics 10 km radius around the site is selected.
The study area is a new area to construct at Sipitang. The industries at Sipitang is still under
developed. The major language used at there are Malay, Native language and also English. At
Sipitang also have a lot of religion like Kristian, Muslim, Buddha and Hinduism. These place is
not contained a lot of people and it is most suitable to do construction over there.
7.2 Population Characteristics
At Sabah the division or district has divide into few category like interior division, Beufort, Kuala
Penyu, Sipitang, Tenom, Nabawan, Keningau and Tambunan. This construction of formaldehyde
want to build at Sipitang area. The area at Sipitang is covered for 2732km2 which equivalent to the
2.7% of the total land at Sabah. The population characteristics of Sipitang for year 1991, 2000 and
2010 which are summarized in table below. In the year 2010, the population of 34862 has been
reported with the increment of 16.08% for 10 years.
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Table 11: Number of population
Year Population Percentage Increase, %
1991 24349 -
2000 29256 16.77
2010 34862 16.08
7.3 Ethnicity, Religion and Gender Structure
Distribution of total population by ethic group, sex and administrative based on year 2010 is
summarized in the table. Based on the data given, the other Bumiputra like Kedayan and Lun
Bawang/ Lundayeh emerged as the most number of population in total follow by Malay, Murut,
KadazanDusun, Non- Malaysian Citizens, Others, Chinese, Bajau and Indian which total up to
34862 in Sipitang
Table 12: Ethic Group and Gender Distribution

Ethic Group Total Percentage(%)
Malay 5756 16.5
Murut 4825 13.8
Kadazandusun 3988 11.4
Other Bumiputra ( Lun 13724 39.4
Bawan/ Lundayeh)
Total Bumiputra 28293 81.1
Indian 59 0.1
Chinese 1265 3.6
Others 1419 4.0
Total Malaysian Ctizens 31036 88.8
Non Malaysian Citizens 3756 11.2
Total 34862 100
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7.4 Age Structure
Table 13: The age structure for Sipitang based on 2010

Age Group Sipitang Percentage (%)
0-4 1523 5.01
5-9 2765 9.11
10-14 2324 7.65
15-19 2294 7.56
20-24 3453 11..38
25-29 2657 8.75
30-34 2178 8.08
35-39 2453 7.17
40-44 1785 5.88
45-49 1538 5.06
50-54 1464 4.82
55-59 1325 4.36
60-64 1323 4.30
65-69 1265 4.16
70-74 1211 3.99
>75 784 2.58
Total 34862 100
The largest age group is 20-24 years which amount 11.38%. This is typical of a working
opportunity for young generation. However, the growth start to drop at the age of group of 25-
29.Dependency ratio is the ratio of the number person below age 15 years and the numbers if
person aged 65 years and over the number of person in the working age group 20-64 years.
Dependency ratio for Sipitang is 75 per 100 person. This indicated that the number of working
population in Sipitang is still not very high.
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7.5 Gender Distribution and Household of Sipitang Division, 2000
Gender distribution and household is summarized in table below. Based on the data, a total of
household of 7991 was recorded in year of 2000. Number of male is noted higher than female at
Sipitang
Table 14: Number of gender distribution and household at Sipitang

Division Male Female Total Household
Sipitang 27156 13106 34862 7991
7.6 Labour Force and Economic Activities
Labour force refer to population categorized in the age group of 15-64 either employed or
unemployed. Table below show summarizes the labour force population of Sipitang district.
Based on the data, population male workers is record at 73% as compare with total population of
labour force. Table below show describe labour force based on sector.
Table 15: Labour force population, 2005

Gender Total labour force
Male 796
Female 341
Total 1137
Table 16: Labour force based on sector, 2005

Industry 2005
Number %
Agriculture, hunting &forest 539 49.8
Fishing 36 3.2
Mining & quarrying 4 0.3
Manufacturing 127.5 11.2
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Electricity, gas & water supply 5 0.5
Construction 93.4 8.2
Wholesale & retail trade 175.8 15.5
Hotel & restaurants 52.4 4.6
Transport, storage & 50.5 4.4
communication
Total 1137 100
7.8 Social Impact assessment questionnaire.
Table 17: Social impact assessment questionnaire.

Question Remarks
Project Existence Most of the respondents living near to the Project
Site are aware of the proposed project
Source of knowing the Project NA
Residents concern on environmental effect Road traffic, air pollution and flooding
Benefit to residential, surrounding area or Positive feedback
economy
Monthly income Majority earned more than RM1000
Employment Self employed, private and government sector,
mostly local area
Education College professional level is the highest level of
education based on the survey
Health Many residents living near to the project site are
in good health
Respondent decision on this project Agree with the proposed project
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7.0 Emergency Response Plan (ERP)
7.1 Introduction
An emergency in the premises has the potential to cause serious injury or loss of lives or extensive
damage to the property and/or environment and serious disruption both inside and outside the
plant. In such cases sometimes outside agencies are required to call for help in handling the
situation.
Emergency response plan is a course of action developed to mitigate the damage of potential events
that could endanger an organization's ability to function. The actions taken in the initial minutes
of an emergency are critical. A prompt warning to employees to evacuate, shelter or lockdown can
save lives. Such a plan should include measures that provide for the safety of personnel and, if
possible, property and facilities.
A call for help to public emergency services that provides full and accurate information will help
the dispatcher send the right responders and equipment. It should also include provisions to assess
the severity of an incident and implement steps to eliminate the problem. An employee trained to
administer first aid or perform CPR can be lifesaving. Action by employees with knowledge of
building and process systems can help control a leak and minimize damage to the facility and the
environment.
The purpose of formulating a response plan is to develop a state of readiness which will allow for
a prompt and orderly response to an emergency. This section of a response plan should state the
intent and scope of the plan.
Understanding the type and extent of a potential emergency (risk/exposures);
Establishing a high order of preparedness (equipment, personnel) commensurate with the

risk;
Ensuring an orderly and timely decision-making and response process (notification,

standard operating procedures)
Identify the persons affected, Rescue the victims and treat them suitable
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Safe guard others (evacuating them to safer places) and rehabilitate the affected areas
Contain the incident and control it with minimum damage.
Preserve relevant records and equipment needed as evidence incase on inquiry.
Providing an incident management organization with clear missions and lines of authority
(Incident Command System, field supervision, unified command).
There are various type of emergency or hazards such as natural hazards, technological or manmade
hazards, fire/explosion, toxic release, hurricane, earth quake, sabotage, cyclone, structure collapse
and natural calumniates, complex emergencies/conflicts, famine, displaced populations, industrial
accidents and transport accidents.
The various steps involves in the process of Disaster Management can be summarized as:
Minimize Risk Occurrence (Prevention)
Rapid Control (Emergency Response)
Effectively Rehabilitate Damaged Areas (Restoration)
7.2 Identification of Major Hazard and Risk Analysis
The first step is to identify potential hazards. This section of a response plan should identify all
potential on-site and off-site hazards of the operation, and the type of damage that may result. This
requires information on toxicological, physical, and chemical properties of the substances being
handled. The potential impact on downwind air quality or downstream water quality from an
accidental release and danger to human and animal health should be clearly identified.
This plan will be set according to the listed mitigation measure in chapter 5. A mitigation plan can
be developed to passively reduce exposures to the community or the environment should a spill
occur (e.g. buffer-zones, fencing, dykes/barriers, and transportation corridors). Man-made perils
such as fire, explosion, transportation accidents, pipeline breaks or equipment failure should be
considered in addition to the natural perils such as floods, earthquakes or landslides.
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The second step of the process is to determine the risk of an incident associated with each hazard.
The basic procedure in a risk analysis is as follows:
Identify potential failures or accidents (including frequency);
Calculate the quantity of material that may be released in each failure, estimate the
probability of such occurrences, and
Evaluate the consequences of such occurrences based on scenarios such as most probable
and worst case events.
7.3 Basic Plan for Emergency response
In emergency response there are few general plan that should be implement in all chemical plant
industry and also in other sectors. The basic plan includes resources, internal alerting, external
alerting, electronic communication and public affair.
7.3.1 Resources
This section will identify sources of local assistance including telephone numbers and names of
contacts for:
fire departments
police
municipal and provincial agencies
hospitals
doctors
other company facilities
mutual aid organizations
co-operatives
federal and provincial government
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7.3.2 Internal Alerting
In this section, if any emergency happen, information must be communicated quickly and
accurately throughout the affected organization. The purpose of this portion of a plan is to establish
an effective emergency communication network and a procedure for the prompt notification of
individuals and agencies involved in an emergency response.
The used of permit to work form, to alert the other operator/worker. A notification guide
should also include a list of backup personnel for emergency response and their telephone numbers
(cellular, pager, and home numbers). To prevent system breakdown, an "alternate" person should
be designated for each key position of designated responsibility.
7.3.3 External Alerting
In this part, involved the helps from other agencies, organizations, federal, provincial authorities,
news media and volunteer. The responsibility may be designated to senior company personnel.
Contacts for reporting purposes should also be included in the contact telephone listing. Roles and
responsibilities of all external organizations and agencies involved in the emergency response
and/or support function should be clearly defined.
7.3.4 Electronic Communication
Nowadays, electronic devices are effectively function for communication. It is reliable electronic
communication equipment and procedure are vital. This section of the plan should detail the types
of communication equipment to be used by personnel during an emergency response. Since normal
means of communication can break down in an emergency, alternative means must be considered.
Cellular telephones, public address systems, two-way radios, walkie-talkie and messengers can be
used.
7.3.5 Public Affairs
This section of the Response Plan should include a public relations or media plan. It should identify
an Information Officer that is well-equipped and trained in media relations. Inquiries will normally
be received from the media, government agencies, local organizations and the general
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public. Initial releases should be restricted to statements of facts such as the name of the installation
involved, type and quantity of spill, time of spill, and countermeasure actions being taken. All facts
must be stated clearly and consistently to everyone. Discrepancies will raise unnecessary concerns
and speculation.
7.4 Emergency Response Action.
The response action can be categorized into three level. A Response Plan should have emergency
coding that defines the severity and potential impact of an emergency.
Table 18: Level of emergencies in Formaldehyde Production Plant
Level I Minor spills requiring an on-site worker to respond and take

necessary collective actions.
Level II Intermediate level spills requiring response by on-site or off-site
trained staff but posing no danger to the public.
Level III A major incident beyond the resources of a single facility, where there
are subsidiary problems to complicate the situation such as fire,
explosion, toxic compounds, and threat to life, property and the
environment. Assistance will be required from local, regional, and/or
provincial organizations. The media will be present and politicians at
all levels will be requesting action.
Thus, all the employee should familiar with this level of emergency. The informative brochure and
guideline on emergency need to be distributed to each of employee and also the top management
of this company. Workers would be trained regularly on fire hazard drill and mock drill will be
organized once in a year from the safety and fire agency.
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7.5 On Site Emergency Plan
The on-site emergency plan will deal with measures to prevent and control emergencies
affecting public and the environment outside the premises. The manufacturer should provide the
necessary information on the nature, extent and likely effects of such incidents. This plan have
been prepared taking into account the minimum strength of manpower available at all times in the
premises. The individuals under the direction of the respective Team Leaders shall carry out the
responsibilities assigned. The emergency procedures outlined are suitable for round the clock
coverage including holidays. These emergency procedures shall be followed as outlined during
general shifts as well.
7.5.1 The Objective of On-Site Emergency Response.
To control the situation and if possible eliminate as quickly as possible.
To avoid confusion/panic and to attend the emergency with clear-cut line of action.
To minimize the loss of property to the plant as well as to our neighborhood.
To safe guard the non-affected areas.
To alert the neighborhood.
To arrange head-count and rescue operations.
Treatment of the injured.
To safeguard others by timely evacuation.
To prevent any cascade of emergencies.
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7.5.2 General Recommendation On-Site emergency Response.
This general recommendation plan required the action from all workers at the plant site.
All non-routine work etc. should be carried out under a permit system.
Adequate number of caution boards high lighting the hazards of chemicals to be handled,
eye bath and emergency showers should be provided at critical location.
Adequate number of absorbents should be placed at accessible locations in the tank farm
area as well as in the pump house that would enable to contain spills immediately.
Adequate color coding and labeling of the pipelines should be provided for easy
identification of products proposed to be handled through them.
The damage distance due to any failure could be reduced, by reducing the time required to
stop the leak, which in turn would reduce the quantity of spillage.
The response time could be reduced by installing /maintaining instruments effective

communication system, etc.
It is recommended that rubber mats be provided in front of electrical panel of the entire
plant with a view to prevent employees from receiving electric shocks.
It is suggested that all type of fire extinguishers be placed at appropriate places for easy
access in case of emergency.
7.5.3 The Availability and Organization of Resource for Emergency
Figure below shows the organizational set-up necessary for chain of command during the
emergency situation.
Figure 24: On Site Emergency Response Plan
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Table 19: The function and responsibilities of the following person
Factory Manager He shall be the main guiding person for direct emergency operations.
Safety Officer The main responsibility of safety officer is safety management.
The Safety management includes the implementation of prevention
methods to avoid incident or accident and handling of emergency in
case of accident.
Skilled Person He shall be responsible for the operation and maintenance.
Un-skilled Person He shall be arranging the safety equipment accordingly.
He shall be followed the instruction of supervisor and officer.
7.6 Emergency Response Room (Safety Officer Room)
The place located as Emergency Response Center will be at the Security Gate Office. There are
facilities available at the Emergency Response Center, such as:
1) Internal Telephone
2) Walkie-Talkie
3) External Telephone
4) Manual Fire/Emergency Siren
5) Siren Actuation Switch
6) Important Address and Telephone Numbers
7) Emergency Vehicles
8) Confined Space Entry Procedure
9) Permit to Work Form
10) List of Antidote/actions to be taken in case of hazardous chemical/materials.
11) Material Safety Data Sheets of chemicals
12) A copy of On-Site Emergency Response Plan.
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7.6.1 General Rules
All the rules provided below need to be follow as to keep everyone at the plant site safe.
1) Follow sense of discipline and do not panic.
2) Do not rush and endanger your personnel safety
3) Use personnel protective equipment according to the situation
4) Do not block any passages, which may hinder the movement of emergency vehicles.
5) In case you have to shut down your plant operation, do it in an orderly manner as per standard
operating procedures.
6) In situation when you have to leave your work and evacuate to identify places out of operating
areas, do it in an orderly manner.
7) Follow instructions of the Safety officer.
8) Understand the Disaster Management Plan well and take interest in practice mock drill.
7.7 Fire Emergency Plan
Critical to employee safety is fire emergency preparation planning. The effectiveness of

response during emergencies depends on the amount of planning, training, and drilling previously
performed. Fire is a hazard in any part of the premises. Its consequences include the threat to the
lives or health and safety of relevant persons, damage to or loss of property and severe interruption
to normal business activities or opportunities.
All the emergency response plan guideline and firefighting facilities should be provided to all
departments and be accessible to all employees. Department managers and supervisors should be
familiar with all elements in the written plan and have conducted training/drilling to assure that
their department employees clearly understand their roles in fire emergencies
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7.7.1 Training and Training Provision
Competency in responding to emergency incidents requires a complete understanding of the roles

and duties of each person responsible on the team. Comprehensive training in the use of emergency
response equipment and personnel protection devices and tactics is necessary to ensure the best
response capability. Provision for training is an integral part of a complete contingency planning
and implementation program. Initial training must be followed by periodic updates to maintain
familiarity with all aspects of the plan.
Identify any training needed and how it will be provided. This should include the following: -
Staff identified as trained in the use of fire equipment.

Staff identified as trained in the use of the fire panel.
Staff identified as trained for Fire Marshal duties.
Staff identified to register visitors at the assembly point(s).
Staff identified as having duties specific to the type of evacuation.
Method of ensuring everyone understands how to operate the fire alarm.
Method of ensuring everyone has sufficient instruction and training for fire evacuation.
Method of ensuring visitors / contractors have sufficient information on procedures in the
event of an emergency evacuation.
Training/Drills may be conducted in various forms such as desktop, on-site or computer-

synthesized. The complexity of the drill may be increased as the response team gains proficiency.
Drills must be frequent enough to ensure that the response team maintains proficiency in all aspects
of the contingency plan. Drills should be conducted in a variety of situations. It is also desirable to
include mutual aid organizations and public emergency response organizations in these drills.
72
7.7.2 Fire Fighting Facilities
Table 20: General facilities use for fire emergency.
Fire Buckets / Fire Fire buckets and portable fire extinguishers (2 nos.) will be provided
Extinguishers in all the areas depending upon the specific needs of the area. Some
spare equipment will also be maintained in the inventory at an
identified fire & safety equipment store.
Fire Alarm Sirens It shall be provided to alert all the employees inside the premises
about the situation of an emergency.
Sand Buckets 5 nos. of sand buckets will be provided within the industrial premises
in case of emergency fire.
Oxygen cylinder 1 no. of oxygen cylinder will be provided for emergency.
Safety Equipment All types of personnel protective safety equipment required for
handling the emergency are to be arranged in the Wonder Industry
site. Some of the protective equipment is as
follow:
Canister/Cartridge type masks
Dust Masks
PVC suits, Aprons
Safety showers/ Eye Wash fountains
Other personnel protective appliances, like safety glasses,
gumboots, helmets, hand gloves, face shields, safety belts,
safety ladders, safety torches, blankets.
7.8 Another Key Personnel
All key personnel will wear different color helmet for their identification and easy recognition.
The responsibilities and duties of key personnel include. Such as for white for engineers, managers,
supervisor and foremen, Red for firefighter, green for safety officer, blue for electrician and plant
operator and Gray for visitor. The responsibilities and duties of key personnel include:
73
Table 21: The responsibilities and duties of key personnel
The safety officer/ supervisor will carry out the following:

Safety To provide necessary equipment like firefighting
equipment (FFE) and personal protective equipment
(PPE).
To accompany factory inspector during investigation of
the emergency.
To train workers/ supervisors in safety and safe operating
procedures.
To assist the site main controller, incident controller in
preparing a brief report of the incident.
The assembly points for gathering non-essentials workers /
Assembly point persons will be fixed and will be clearly marked as per the wind
direction.
Firefighting trained personnel will be made available in all the
Fire control Arrangement shifts. The
responsibilities and duties include:
To fight the fire with available internal firefighting
equipment and to stop leakage of liquid etc.
To provide personal protective equipment to the team.
To cordon the area and inform incident controller or site
main controller about the development of emergency.
To train the persons (essential workers) to use personal
protective equipment and fire-fighting equipment.
To provide first aid to the affected persons, and, if
Medical Arrangement necessary, send them to hospitals for further treatment.
To keep a list of blood groupings ready and update.
For transportation of people, companys vehicles, cars, rickshaws
Transport Evacuation etc. will be utilized
Arrangement
74
Their responsibilities shall include:-
Personnel/Administrative To ensure that casualties receive adequate attention to
Officer. arrange additional help if required and inform relatives.
To control traffic movement into the factory and ensure
that alternative transport is available when needed.
When emergency is prolonged, arrange for the relief of
personnel and organize refreshment and catering facilities.
Arrange for finance for the expenditure to handle the
emergency.
During emergency the plants immediately affected or likely to be
Supervisor/Team Leader affected, as determined by the Works Main Controller, need to be
shut down for safety. In the area immediately affected, it may be
possible to isolate equipment from which flammable or toxic
material is leaking. This work must be immediately carried out by
plant supervisors and essential operators. Workers/staff
need to be nominated to carry out the following essential works at
the time of
emergency:-
Extra first aid personnel to deal with casualties.
Emergency engineering works, provision of extra or
replacement of light, isolation of equipment, temporary
bypass electrical lines etc.
Moving tankers or other vehicles from area of risk.
To carry out tests on ambient air quality.
To act as runner in case of communication system fails.
7.9 Alarm system and siren for emergency
Alarm system varies and will depend on the size of the works area - simple fire bell, hand operated
siren break open type, fire alarm. Automatic alarm may be needed for highly hazardous nature
of plant.
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Siren for emergency should be different from the normal siren. The emergency siren should be
audible to a distance of 5 KM radius. The emergency siren should be used only in case of
emergency.
8.0 ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
8.1 Introduction
Environment Impact can be defined as any change in environment conditions which may be
adverse or beneficial occurred due to an action or set of actions under consideration.
Environment impact can be assessed by identifying the sources of the impact and predicting the
same. The identification of environmental impacts has been made by co-relating the relationship
between project activity and environmental parameters. The project activities of the proposed
project are usually divided into two phases which are the construction phase and operation phase.
Construction phase includes activities such as mining, excavation, erosion, building construction,
transportation of construction materials whereas operation phase includes activities such as
transportation and storage of raw materials and finished products, manufacturing process, resource
consumption, emergency disaster and green belt development.
The important component in environmental impact assessment process is the prediction of impacts.
Several scientific techniques and methodologies are available to predict impacts of project
developmental activities on environment. The prediction of impacts helps to prepare the
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) required to be executed during the on-going activities for
the proposed project to minimize the adverse impacts on environmental quality/
The third important component of the environmental assessment is the evaluation. Based on the
identification and prediction of the nature of impact on the environment, the impact can be
evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively.
The environmental impacts can be categorized as either primary or secondary. Primary impacts
are those that attribute directly to the project, whereas secondary impacts are those that indirectly
76
induced and typically include the associated investment and changed pattern of social and
economic activities by the proposed action.
The impacts have been prepared for the proposal Plant assuming that the pollution continues to
remain the same during the operation of the project. The proposed project would create impact on
the environment in two distinct phases which are during construction phase and during operation
phase. Construction phase are usually regarded as temporary or short-term whereas operational
phase would have long-term effect.
The construction and operational phase of the proposed Project comprises of various activities
each of which may have an impact on some or other environmental parameters. Various impacts
during the construction and operation phase on the environmental parameter have been studied to
estimate the impact on the environment. The environment impact due to proposed activities will
be evaluated considering the following parameters:
Land use
Soil Environment
Air Environment
Water Environment
Noise Environment
Ecology
Socio-economic Environment
8.2 Identification of Impacts during Construction Phase
This includes the following activities related to levelling of site, construction and erection of main
plant structure and equipment.
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8.2.1 Impact on Land Use
The area is used for plant construction, plant utilities, road, and green belt development. The
construction under this program would bring certain immediate changes in the land use pattern of
the proposed area as well as in the vicinity. Temporary sites will be used for construction works
or housing of construction workers.
8.2.2 Impact on Soil Environment
Construction activities will be carried out as well as installation of new machineries and
equipment. But this would not make a huge damage to the present condition of the land, therefore,
the impact on the soil during construction is of short terms and insignificant.
8.2.3 Impact on Air Quality
Impacts of construction activities on air quality is a cause of concern especially during dry seasons
due to the settling of dust particles. The main sources of emission during the construction period
are the movement of equipment at site and dust emitted during construction works.
The dust emitted during this activity is depending on the type of soil being excavated and the
ambient humidity levels. The impact is likely to be short-term and confined locally to the
construction site itself.
Exhaust emissions from vehicles and equipment deployed during the construction phase also result
in marginal increase in the levels of SO2, NOx, PM, CO, and unburnt hydrocarbons. This impacts
will be marginal and temporary in nature.
8.2.4 Impact on Water Quality
This project requires excess construction activities that lead to adverse impact on the quality of
water because large quantities of water will be used during construction activities. However, it will
be for short period of time and no leaching are anticipated. Therefore, there will be no permanent
impact on the quality of the ground water.
78
8.2.5 Impact on Noise Levels
The ambient noise levels are likely to show an increment due to heavy construction traffic for
loading and unloading, fabrication and handling of equipment and materials. Areas that are more
prone to get affected are those that are close to the site. Marginal increase in noise levels is to be
expected at the peak of construction but it may be temporary.
8.2.6 Impact on Terrestrial Ecology
Top soil is expected to decrease during construction of the plant and this can lead to soil erosion
and cause the ecosystem to be unstable.
8.2.7 Impact on Demography and Socio-economics
There will be an increase in population during the construction period. Additional stain on civic
amenities such as road, transportation, communication, drinking water, sanitation, and other
facilities will take place to meet the work force requirement. This project will provide temporary
employment of skilled and highly skilled manpower. There will be employees of contractors or
sub-contractors.
Most of the employees deployed during the construction phase come from the local area and there
will be an increase in the demand of services such as hotels, lodges, public transport and many
more. There will be many opportunities for providing these services which will consequently lead
to economic upliftment of the area.
The movement of work force to and from the workplace and the movement of vehicles carrying
equipment and constructions materials is expected to increase the stress on the local transport and
road network. However, this only would last until the construction activities is completed.
8.3 Identification of Impacts During Operational Phase
The potential significant impacts on the environment from the proposed project during operational
phase will be evaluated based on the same criteria as the above.
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8.3.1 Impact on Soil
Factors that could cause negative impacts on soil characteristic may include the generation and
disposal of sludge from the treatment units. Accidental spillage of oil during transport may also be
one of the sources that could affect soil quality.
The fugitive dust from the plant during operation is likely to be deposited in the nearby area. Dust
extraction and suppression measures at source will help to reduce the possibility of soil negative
impact.
8.3.2 Impact on Topography
Civil structures and stacks erection would give changes on the topographical surroundings.
Regular maintenance such as watering, fertilizer, insecticides will be carried out for green belt
development during operation phase by appointing a gardener for this purpose.
8.3.3 Impact on Climate
To help give cooling effect in order to offset any increase in temperature, vegetation should be
provided in the study area and by proposing the green belt in the plant premises.
8.3.4 Impact on Water Environment
Groundwater quality may be affected during construction activities and eventually during
operation activities. It may also affected by the occurrence of non-routine events. Impacts could
result from the following environmental aspects:
- Waste disposal during construction activities
- Waste disposal during operation activities
- Accidental events such as spills and leaks which may result in contaminated substances
reaching groundwater resources.
Seawater quality may be affected during operational activities. It may also affected by the
occurrence of non-routine events. Impacts could result from the following environmental aspects:
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- Dredging at formaldehyde loading terminal or jetty
- Construction of marine outfall pipeline
- Operation of formaldehyde loading jetty
- Accidental events such as spills and leaks, as well as ship collision or accidents
8.3.5 Impact on Noise Environment
Operation of formaldehyde plant and loading jetty may cause increased noise form equipment and
vessels. Increased marine traffic may also result in increased noise levels. Incidental noise will
occur from warning alarm, fog horns and navigational bells.
High noise levels from accidental events such as explosion or collision warning alarm would be
unlikely events and should not be sustained.
8.3.6 Impact on Ecology
The removal of herbaceous vegetation generally causes loosening of topsoil and leads to soil
erosion. Biomass will be reduced and causes the ecosystem to be unstable. By development of
thick green belt, it will help to reduce the negative impacts and leads to sustainable ecosystem.
Impacts on natural vegetation and species diversity will be positive due to the proposed plant.
There will be few tree cutting and shrub removal. Green belt development will enrich the soil
organic matter and also act as noise barrier. It will also help to control temperature and keep the
surroundings cool. Other than that, green belt will act as a sink to dust and gaseous pollutants.
8.3.7 Impact on Socio-Economic
The impacts of the proposed plant would begin to be felt with the start-up of the operational
activities.
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- The present trend of out migration for people is likely to reduce due to better employment
opportunities in the area
- The plant will result in considerable growth of service sector and will also generate new
industrial and business opportunities in the area.
- Increase in consumer process of indigenous product and services, land prices, house rent
rates and labour prices.
- Influx if persons with higher spending power and different socio-cultural background will
improve the socio-cultural environment of the area.
- Increase in employment due to large flow of financial and material resources through
increased business, trade commerce and service sector.
Table 22: Summary of Potential Impact

Project Aspect/Activities Valued Ecosystem Impact
Component Component
(VECs)
Site preparation Creation of Access Air quality Increased air
Roads emissions (dust,
and exhaust
emissions)
Topography and Devalution of crops
Landscape
Terrestrial ecology Loss of habitat and
and biodiversity clearing or damage
to vegetation
Noise pollution Increased in noise
levels
Socio-Economic Temporary
activities employment
prospects in the
area
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Transport and Air quality Increased air
equipment use emission (dust, and
exhaust emissions)
Agriculture Deposition of dust,
sand particles and
pollutants on crops
Noise pollution Increased noise
levels
Terrestrial ecology Loss of habitat and
and biodiversity clearing or damage
to vegetation
Construction Excavation and Air quality Increased air
activities earthworks for emissions (dust,
Formaldehyde plant and exhaust
construction emissions)
Agriculture Devaluation of
crops (exhaust,
dust and sand fine
particles emissions)
levels
Topography and Visual impacts due
landscape to unsustainable
disposal methods
Terrestrial ecology Loss of habitat, and
and biodiversity clear or damage to
vegetation
Socio-economic Temporary
prospects in the
area
Dredging at Seawater Quality Increased turbidity
Formaldehyde and BOD within the
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Loading Terminal water column.
(Jetty) Overall reduction in
the dissolved
oxygen
concentration.
Air quality Increased air
emissions (dust,
and exhaust
emissions)
levels
Socio-Economic Temporary
prospects in the
area
Transport and use of Air quality Increased air
vehicles and site emissions (dust,
machinery and exhaust
emissions)
sand particles and
pollutants on crops
Terrestrial ecology Loss of habitat, and
and biodiversity clear or damage to
vegetation
Socio-economic Increase of
Marine traffic Seawater quality Increased turbidity
(dredgers and within the water
vessels) column
Air quality Increased air
emissions (exhaust
emissions)
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Marine ecology Loss of marine
and biodiversity biota
levels
Socio-economic Temporary
prospects in the
area
Waste disposal Groundwater Leaching of waste
quality into aquifer
Community health Health impact
and safety
Operation activities Formaldehyde plant Air quality Increased air
equipment start-up emissions (gaseous
emissions)
Operation of Air quality Increased air
Formaldehyde plant emission from
vessels (gaseous
emissions)
Agriculture Air pollution
deposition on land
and crops
levels
and biodiversity biota due to outfall
Operation of Seawater Quality Increase overall
Formaldehyde water column
Loading Jetty turbidity
and biodiversity biota
levels
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Socio-economic Permanent
opportunities in the
area and increase
in trading
Use of machinery Air quality Increased air
and equipment emissions
sand particles and
pollutants on crop
Accidental (non- Spills and leaks Seawater quality Detrimental impacts
routine events) to the water quality
due to spills of
infilling material, off-
specs effluent, etc
Groundwater Groundwater
quality contamination from
surface discharge
of liquid wastes
Freshwater quality Reduced
freshwater quality
Topography and Change in surface
landscape soil type, chemical
composition or
fertility
Inappropriate waste Air quality Increased air
disposal emissions from
waste open burning
Agriculture Leakage, spills,
loss of land
Groundwater Leaching of waste
quality into aquifer
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8.4 Mitigation Plan
Preparation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is required for formulation and monitoring
of Environmental Protection. The primary goal of the mitigation plan and EMP is to reduce the
impact to an acceptable level for all of the project aspects.
Consideration of construction and operational design and site restoration, rehabilitation and
aftercare requirement should be addressed during the planning phase of any operation or project.
This section presents a summary of recommended mitigation measure divided into five categories
which are water, air and climate, land, ecology and biodiversity, and human environment.
8.4.1 Water Quality
During the construction period, in rainy season the water quality is likely to be affected due to the
construction work and loosening of topsoil. This is likely to increase the suspended soil in the run-
off during heavy precipitation. In order to reduce the impact on water quality, temporary
sedimentation tanks will be constructed for the settlement of the suspended matter.
Temporary sanitation facilities such as soak pits or septic tanks will be set up for disposal of
sanitary sewage generated by the work force. The overall impact on water environment during
construction phase due to proposed plant is likely to be short term and insignificant and they will
be managed by providing drinking water facility and sanitation facilities at the site during
construction phase.
8.4.2 Air and Climate
The following management and control measures are recommended to prevent air and climate
pollution during construction phase:
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- Comply with the requirement of the Environmental Law for exhaust emissions from
equipment and vehicles.
- Minimise unnecessary journey and adopt a policy of switching off machinery and
equipment when not in use.
- Air Pollution Control Regulation should be adopted by the site contractor while carrying
out construction works.
- Dust suppression should be undertaken by spraying affected land surfaces with water
- Vehicles movement should be kept to a minimum where possible
The following management and control measures are recommended to prevent air and climate
pollution during operational phase:
- Air emissions from point sources shall meet all national and international standard
- Dry gas compressor seals will be used where there is proven experience in their operation
- Regular monitoring and maintenance of all equipment, generators, and flares will occur as
part of the environmental monitoring plan to ensure that any emission exceedance is
noticed
- Stack sampling nozzles should be provided from all point air emissions where stack design
allows for iso-kinetic sampling, except for flares.
- Tanks and elevated structures shall be fitted with warning lights to comply with air and
safety navigation regulations.
8.4.2.1 Source of Air Pollutant produced during the operational phase.

In formaldehyde production plant, there is two equipment which producing the gases wastes and
they are absorber (T-100), separator (V-10). The flow rates of each component are tabulated in
Table 1 and Table 2 below:
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Table 23: Gas Composition of Absorber (T-100)
Component Molar flow (kmol/h) Mass flow (kg/h)
Methanol, CH3OH 10.6500 340.8000
Water, H2O 63.8550 1149.3900
Hydrogen, H2 31.5000 63.0000
Nitrogen, N2 43.9950 1231.8600
Total 150.0000 2785.0500
Methanol is purged out as much as 340.8 kg/h which is 2,985,408 kg/year. Whether to see if it is
beneficial to recover the purged methanol or flared the component. A consideration has been made.
Purge gas must consist of more than 5% of incoming material in production for it to be worthy to
be recovered or recycled back to the production.
(5/100) 2.3109E+07 = 11,554,450 kg/year. Since the purged methanol is less than 5% of the
incoming material in production, it is not economical to recover the gas. Hence, the gas mixture
should be separated using PSA to extract the methanol, then it is flared in a gas stack.
Table 24 Gas Composition of Separator (V-100)

Component Molar flow (kmol/h) Mass flow (kg/h)
Water, H2O 1.5000 27.0000
Total 1.5000 27.0000
The excess heat from the process in separator is mainly recovered as steam. Generally, we can say
that use of steam for heating purposes on site when possible is the most cost effective. At sites
without this option different solutions can be considered such as usage of steam to generate
electricity in minimizing the energy usage to operate that processes in plant.
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8.4.2.2 Pressure Swing Adsorption
Figure 25: Recovery of Gases using Pressure Swing Adsorption
The Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) technology is based on a physical binding of gas molecules
to adsorbent material. The respective force acting between the gas molecules and the adsorbent
material depends on the gas component, type of adsorbent material, partial pressure of the gas
component and operating temperature.
Recently, PSA technology has been applied in other areas like methane purification from natural
and biogas and has a tremendous potential to expand its utilization. It is known that the adsorbent
material employed in a PSA process is extremely important in defining its properties, but it has
also been demonstrated that process engineering can improve the performance of PSA units
significantly. The separation effect is based on differences in binding forces to the adsorbent
material. Highly volatile components with low polarity, such as hydrogen, are practically non-
adsorbable as opposed to molecules as N2, CO, CO2, hydrocarbons and water vapour. Usually for
hydrogen-rich feed gas, it contains at least one of these adsorbable components include: catalytic
reformer off-gas, methanol synthesis loop purge, dissociated ammonia and demethanizer over-
head gas, steam-reformed hydrocarbons, ammonia synthesis loop purge gas, electrolytic hydrogen
and mercury cell hydrogen. The invention is also useful for separating any or all the adsorbables
from gas mixtures in which nitrogen or helium is the primary constituent (Yang, Du, Chen, Wang,
& Wang, 2005).
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The PSA process works at basically constant temperature and uses the effect of alternating pressure
and partial pressure to perform adsorption and desorption. Since heating or cooling is not required,
short cycles within the range of minutes are achieved. The PSA process consequently allows the
economical removal of large amounts of impurities.
The essential feature of the PSA is when the adsorbent is saturated, using a sequential valve
arrangement, the feed is stopped and simultaneously the total pressure of the column is reduced.
The reduction in pressure results in a partial desorption of all the species loaded in the column,
regenerating the adsorbent. Since this process was patented after Temperature Swing Adsorption
(TSA), it was initially known as heatless process. The first patent application where PSA
technology was described was presented by Charles Skarstrom for oxygen enrichment.
8.4.2.3 Gas Flare Stack
A gas flare, alternatively known as a flare stack, is a gas combustion device used in industrial
plants such as petroleum refineries, chemical plants, and natural gas processing plants as well as
at oil or gas production sites having oil wells, gas wells, offshore oil and gas rigs and landfills.
In industrial plants, flare stacks are primarily used for burning off flammable gas released
by pressure relief valves during unplanned over-pressuring of plant equipment. During plant or
partial plant start-ups and shutdowns, flare stacks are also often used for the planned combustion
of gases over relatively short periods.
Gas flaring at many oil and gas production sites protects against the dangers of over-
pressuring industrial plant equipment. When petroleum crude oil is extracted and produced from
onshore or offshore oil wells, raw natural gas associated with the oil is brought to the surface as
well. Especially in areas of the world lacking pipelines and other gas transportation infrastructure,
vast amounts of such associated gas are commonly flared as waste or unusable gas. The flaring of
associated gas may occur at the top of a vertical flare stack or it may occur in a ground-level flare
in an earthen pit. Preferably, associated gas is reinjected into the reservoir, which saves it for future
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use while maintaining higher well pressure and crude oil producibility. Figure 10.7 below shows
the schematic flow diagram of an overall vertical, elevated flare stack system in an industrial plant.
Figure 26: Overall Vertical, Elevated Flare Stack System in an Industrial Plant
When industrial plant equipment items are over-pressured, the pressure relief valve is an essential
safety device that automatically releases gases and sometimes liquids. Those pressure relief valves
are required by industrial design codes and standards as well as by law.
The released gases and liquids are routed through large piping systems called flare headers to a
vertical elevated flare. The released gases are burned as they exit the flare stacks. The size and
brightness of the resulting flame depends upon the flammable material's flow rate in joules per
hour (or btu per hour).
8.4.3 Land
Mitigation measures relating to land are aimed at restricting visual impact and topographic
changes. The impacts of some activities can be significant and persist for years.
The following management and control measures are recommended to minimise the impact on
land due to generation of solid waste during construction and operation phases:
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- Where possible, demolition wastes from the removal of existing roads should be reused
during construction of new roads and other construction works on site
- Limit vehicle movements to essential construction areas to limit unnecessary soil

compaction
- Use hard cover areas for vehicle movements where possible
- Consider as part of the purchasing procedure choosing machinery, equipment, vehicles and
materials that are fuel-efficient
- Municipal solid wastes generated by the formaldehyde jetty shall be collected through the
solid waste management system set up for the formaldehyde site.
- Waste lubricants, lube oil or solvents would be reused, recycled or disposed in

environmentally appropriate ways.
- Containment facilities for non-hazardous solid waste should be established prior to

commencing site work, and waste should be regularly removed from site to prevent
unacceptable accumulation
8.4.4 Ecology and biodiversity
Construction and operational activities may result in the degradation or destruction of some
terrestrial and marine habitat, and the disturbance of some fauna utilizing onshore and offshore
areas of the site.
8.4.4.1 Terrestrial Ecology and Biodiversity, and Agriculture
The following management and control measures are recommended to control the impacts to
terrestrial ecology and biodiversity during the construction and operation phase:
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- Contingency plans should be in place and emergency response procedures developed to
allow immediate response to accidental spillage or release of chemicals or other hazardous
chemicals.
- General housekeeping should be ongoing to prevent litter and other wastes associated with
site activities from fouling the site and areas adjacent to the site
- Pipelines in the project site should be constructed above ground to minimize future habitat
disturbance during maintenance operations
- Where feasible, noise levels during dawn, dusk, and night hours should be minimised to
reduce disturbance to mammals
- Vehicles and equipment should be well maintained to minimize unnecessary emissions and
leaks
- Adequate materials and product storage and handling practices should be followed t reduce
uncontrolled releases.
8.4.4.2 Marine Ecology and Biodiversity
The following management and control measures are recommended to minimize marine impacts
during the construction and operation phase:
- Proper materials and product storage and handling practices should be followed to reduce
uncontrolled releases
- General housekeeping should be ongoing to prevent litter and other wastes associated with
site activities from fouling offshore areas
- Contingency measures should be in place and emergency response procedures developed

to allow immediate response to accidental spillage or release of chemicals or other
hazardous materials
- Care should be taken to minimise damage to marine habitat and fauna during dredging and
excavation activities through adequate planning and execution
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- Dredging work should be limited, as much as possible, to the specific area to be dredged,
to minimise the area of habitat destruction
- Routine maintenance should be conducted to ensure minimal re-suspension of sediments.
8.4.5 Human Environment
8.4.5.1 Socio-Economic
During the construction and operation phase, significant positive impacts will be gained by the
local community through employment opportunities at the proposed plant. The following
mitigation measure to reduce impacts on socio-economic are as follows:
- Provide an on-going point of contact for the local population and other companies to direct
their concerns
- Ongoing housekeeping should mitigate potential aesthetic concerns associated with

litter/waste accumulation/deposition
- Containment facilities for non-hazardous solid waste should be well managed, and waste
should be regularly removed from site to prevent accumulation
- Personal protective equipment should be made available to all workers and should include
eye protection, full chemical protection for employees dealing with potentially toxic
chemicals (including face masks, hand protection, and full overalls), steel toe-capped
boots, hard hats, high visibility clothing
- Adequate security should be implemented to secure the presence of valuable

equipment/materials and to manage the influx of construction workers
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8.4.5.2 Accidental Events (Fire, Explosion, and Releases)
The following management and control measures are recommended to minimise accidental events
impact during construction and operation phase:
- The basic qualitative risk analysis conducted has confirmed that the project risk acceptance
criteria for individual risk, third party risk and escalation can be met. This can be achieved
by conducting HAZOP studies during the detailed design phase
- For all potential accidental events, an onshore and offshore emergency response plan must
be in place to immediately respond to the event
- Operational system should have two shut down system in the case of emergencies:
a) Process Shut Down (Automatic shutdown of process equipment)
b) Emergency Shut Down (Remote manual shutdown and isolation of unit)
- Emergency warning alarm should be in place to address potential human health and safety
issues. An alarm system should include:
a) Fire
b) Release to atmosphere
c) Leakage in building
- All areas where environmental contaminants are stored should have adequate secondary
containment to collect accidental spillage
- Employees should be fully trained to implement the relevant emergency response plans in
the event of emergency.
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8.4.5.3 Noise
The following management and control measures are recommended to reduce the noise level
during construction phase:
- Regular inspection and maintenance of construction vehicles and equipment should be

made to maintain smooth running of vehicles.
- Machinery and generators with quiet, muffled or silenced running should be used
where available
- Restricted working hours for particularly loud or intrusive activities such as piling
- Fitting vehicles with effective exhaust silencers, where available
- Using are compressors and generators that are sound reduced with properly lined and
sealed acoustic covers
- Optimal selection of haul and access roads to avoid sensitive locations, such as residential
areas
- Regular maintenance of equipment in accordance with manufacturers instruction should

be carried out to reduce the risk of increased noise emissions from worn or poorly
maintained parts
- In areas where excessive noise may occur, noise counter measures should be applied, such
as acoustic insulation
The following management and control measures are recommended to reduce the noise level
during the operation phase:
- In all cases, equipment will be operated to comply with national and international
regulations
- Regular maintenance of equipment in accordance with manufacturers instructions should

be carried out
- Noise countermeasures should be applied to reduce excessive noise
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- A regular program for noise monitoring will be carried out to validate the predicted noise
levels and ensure that the environmental noise limit is not exceeded
- It is recommended that all compressors and generators be fitted with acoustic enclosures
with low noise ventilation systems, fire and gas detection and fire extinguishing system
- Plant flares are located remotely from the process plant.
Table 25: Summary of Negative Impacts and Mitigations during Construction Phase
Discipline Negative Probable Mitigation Measures
Impacts Source
Air Dust due to Civil activities Maintenance of vehicles and
construction sprinkling of water in the construction
activities area and unpaved roads
Noise Increase in Civil activities Maintenance of equipment with
noise level proper civil planning will reduce
increase in noise level.
Water Increase in Loose soil at Erosion control and slope protection
suspended construction measure eg. Covering exposed
solid due to site surfaces, temporary drainage
soil run-off system, revegetate.
Terrestrial Clearing of Soil erosion Keep levelling operation at minimum.
ecology vegetation and reduction Reduce soil erosion by systematic
of biomass plantation.
Socio- Infusion of Temporary Clean water supply and good
economy labour and houses sanitary conditions will decrease
health negative impact.
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Table 26: Summary of Negative Impacts and Mitigations during Operational Phase
Discipline Negative Probable Mitigation Measures
Impacts Source
Air Increase in Stack Install multi cyclone dust collector to
dust and SO2 emissions, raw control Particulate Matter. Stacks
levels in material with maximum will be provided for
ambient air storage and proper dispersion of pollutant.
transportation
Noise Increase in Equipment in Proper equipment maintenance to
noise level in main plants minimize noise emanation.
the plant area and auxiliaries Equipment will be designed to
conform to noise levels prescribed by
regulatory agencies.
Water Deterioration of Bore well Negligible amount of wastewater
ground water generated and it will be treated and
quantity used properly.
Terrestrial Impact on plant Emissions from Develop a proper green belt planning
ecology species stack in such a way that they will act as
sinks to pollutant.
Socio- More pressure Increase in Additional infrastructure facilities will
economy on existing employment be created. Creation of employment
amenities like will improve economic status of the
housing, people residing within the study area.
utilities, etc
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9.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
9.1 Introduction.
The project is about a construction of formaldehyde production plant in Sipitang, Sabah.

The team is proposing to construct a 35,000 tonnes per year of formaldehyde production from
methanol. The main raw material of this plant is methanol whereas the product is formaldehyde.
The production of the formaldehyde will involve the silver catalyst process where silver catalyst
is used over which partial oxidation and dehydrogenation of methanol occur.
The plant is suggested to be constructed in Sipitang Oil & Gas Industrial Park (SOGIP). SOGIP is
located approximately 30 minutes from the town of Sipitang in Sabah. It is located in the region
where the center for Oil and Gas activities along the west coast of Sabah is located. Thus making
it the most suitable place to construct the plant
9.2 Air Environment
On-site monitoring was undertaken for various meteorological parameters i.e., wind speed,
direction, temperature, rainfall and humidity. The generated data was then compared with the
meteorological data obtained from Meteorological Department Malaysia. The baseline status of
the ambient air quality was assessed through a scientifically designed ambient air quality
monitoring network. The design of monitoring network in the air quality surveillance program was
based on the following considerations:
Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale;

Topography of the study area;
Representatives of regional background;
Population and sensitive areas;
Representation of valid cross sectional distribution in downwind direction
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9.3 Water Environment
In general, any industrial project is expected to cause impact on water environment in two
ways: one is stress on water resources (continuous withdrawal of large quantities of water) and
other is pollution through discharge of effluents. These impacts may be related to either both
surface and groundwater resources in the project area depending on the specific situation. To
address these issues, it is necessary to ensure the availability of water resources in project area
with respect to their existing quality as well as their supportive capacity to represent the baseline
status of water environment. The physico-chemical characteristics of the surface water samples
collected and analysed, and are compared with the IS-10500 standards. Bacteriologically, all
surface water samples were contaminated and chlorination is needed before use for drinking
purpose whereas some of the groundwater samples were also found contaminated and need
chlorination before use for drinking purpose.
9.4 Noise and Vibration.
The environmental impact assessment of noise for the proposed project was carried out by taking
various factors into consideration like potential physiological responses, annoyance and general
community responses and also taking all the factors mentioned in the above lines in to
considerations the existing status of noise levels within the study zone, which is a primary
requirement for impact assessment studies has been undertaken for the monitoring of baseline
noise levels. As a result from research and study, the noise level at Sipitang, Sabah near the plant
proposed area was under controlled and not harm to the residential area. The safety limit of noise
produced from the proposed area was not exceed to the recommended limit needed by DOE.
9.4 Ecology and Biodiversity.
The area of the project site was in a commercial reserve forest which is the Mengalong Reserve
Forest with some industries and residential area nearby as well as the Mengalong River. For the
survey of the flora and fauna populations around the project site, a radius of 7 km was taken to
obtain the data sample needed for the survey. Based on the survey, the two dominant flora that
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were found around the project site which were Acacia mangium (forest mangrove) and Baeckea
frutescens (an evergreen, heather-like shrub or small tree growing up to 8 metres tall).
Furthermore, the mammal species that were found in project site include squirrels, tresshrew,
bearded pig and palm civet. Other than that, bird species were also surveyed and there were some
different kind of bird species were found such as crested serpent eagle, white-fronted falconet,
crested partridge, parakeet, parrot, different kind of pigeons, cuckoo, malkoha, and coucal, and
Collared Scops Owl. From the survey of the Mengalong River, the common fish species that was
found living in the river was from the Gastromyzon species.
Although the flora and fauna species were not endangered species, precautions and monitoring of
them must be made to ensure their population were not affected by any of the activities of the
project.
9.5 Socioeconomic
Socioeconomic survey is necessary in EIA/EMP report preparation to predict the changes on social
and economic status. Hence baseline data for demographic characteristics, education, health,
religion, gender structure, and sensitive locations existing in and around the project area have been
studied in the study area. Based on this study the population of people at Sipitang are 34862 during
2010. There are a lot of ethic group at Sipitang like Malay, Murut, Kadazandusun, Indian, Chinese
and Lun Bawan. The age structure show that, the largest age group is 20-24 years. Next , it was
show that the population male of labour force is higher compare to female at Sipitang
9.6 Waste Issues
In this proposed project, there are several waste issue will be occur during the construction and
production process. There are 2 type of waste will recovered in this propose project which are
waste water and solid/hazardous waste. Type of waste in this proposed project is listed in Table
below.
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Category Waste type
Wastewater Industrial wastewater
Domestic wastewater
Solid / hazardous waste Used oil
Discarded plastic bag
ETP sludge
All this waste is recovered from several sources. The main source of waste in this proposed project
is production area. Industrial wastewater is generated due to reversed manufacturing process;
cooling and boiler blow down while for solid and hazardous waste mostly generated at production
area. Used oil is generated during construction which from heavy machinery maintenance. All the
waste generated must be handles and dispose carefully due to some of the waste are hazardous.
Hazardous waste such as ETP sludge, used oil and discarded bag shall be stored at specific isolated
area for effective management so that it should not adversely affect the air quality and
environment. While for schedule waste, it must be disposed at Quality Alam.
9.7 Emergency Response Plan (ERP)
Emergency Response Plan (ERP) is the course of action develop to mitigate the damage of
potential event as accident and disaster may occur. This is a prompt warning to employees to
evacuate, shelter or lockdown can save lives. The purpose of formulating a response plan is to
develop a state of readiness if there is any potential accident or disaster occur.
Mainly, from ERT help employee ensuring an orderly and timely decision-making and
response process and prepare the high order of emergency facility, equipment and personnel. The
steps involves in the process of ERP is minimize risk occurrence (prevention), rapid control
(emergency response) and effectively rehabilitate damaged areas (restoration). The first step is to
identify potential hazards according to the listed mitigation measure in chapter 5. A mitigation
plan can be developed to passively reduce exposures to the community or the environment.
In this section include the basic plan of ERP such as includes resources, internal alerting,
external alerting, electronic communication and public affair. The response action can be
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categorized into three level. An ERP should have emergency coding that defines the severity and
potential impact of an emergency. Table below shows the level of emergencies in Formaldehyde
Production Plant
Level I Minor spills requiring an on-site worker to respond and take
necessary collective actions.
Level II Intermediate level spills requiring response by on-site or off-site
trained staff but posing no danger to the public.
Level III A major incident beyond the resources of a single facility, where there
are subsidiary problems to complicate the situation such as fire,
explosion, toxic compounds, and threat to life, property and the
environment. Assistance will be required from local, regional, and/or
provincial organizations. The media will be present and politicians at
all levels will be requesting action.
For the On-site emergency response plan, deal with measures to prevent and control
emergencies affecting public and the environment outside the premises and manufacturer should
provide the necessary information on the nature, extent and likely effect of incident. The content
of On-Site plan is organization of resource for emergency, emergency response room, general
rules, fire emergency plan (firefighting facilities), training and training provision (fire drill),
another key personnel and alarm system and siren for emergency.
9.8 Environmental Impact and Mitigating Measure.
The main source of gaseous emission is flue gas emission from stack. A proper stack height will
be provided for proper atmosphere dispersion. Multi cyclone dust collector will be provided with
steam boiler. The probable emitted pollutants will be Particulate Matter, SOx, and NOx.
104
Fresh water will be required for domestic, cooling, steam boiler, scrubbing and sprinkling process,
manufacturing process as well as gardening purposes. The wastewater generated from the
industrial activated and the manufacturing process will be treated in a multi-effect evaporator and
will be reused in the process. Domestic effluent will be disposed off the soak pit through septic
tank. Thus, there will not be any major impact on the water environment due to the proposed
project.
9.8.3 Solid Waste Management
The entire quantity of scheduled waste will be handled and disposed as per Environmental Quality
(Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005. The unit will also be provided with isolated area for the
storage of hazardous waste. Thus, hazardous waste management system provided by the unit
will be adequate and there will not be any major impact on the environment due to hazardous
waste management.
105
REFERENCES
The Planning Guidelines For Environmental Noise Limits and Control | Department of
Environment. (2017). Department of Environment. Retrieved 15 June 2017, from
https://www.doe.gov.my/portalv1/en/info-umum/the-planning-guidelines-for-
environmental-noise-limits-and-control/272
Sheldon, Frederick H. et al. (2014) Birds In Peatswamp at Klias Forest Reserve and Environs,
Sabah, Malaysian Borneo.
History of Plantation Forestry in Sabah. Retrieved from http://www.forest.sabah.gov.my/
Rabiatul Adawiah Aisyah bt Mohd Rusli, Mammal Populations in Four Years Old Acacia
mangium Plantation, L39 in Sabah Forest Industries, Sipitang
Jephte Sompud et al. (2016), Nocturnal Terrestrial Mammals Population in Sabah Forest
Industries (SFI) Forest Plantation, Sipitang
(2017). Retrieved 15 June 2017,
fromhttp://www.ercindia.org/files/eiadocuments/.../AATMAJYOT_CHEM_MORBI3_EIA1
(2017). Retrieved 15 June 2017, from
http://www.ercindia.org/files/eiadocuments/.../AATMAJYOT_CHEM_MORBI3_EIA1.
Sipitangs road to industrial success - Focus | The Star Online. (2017). Thestar.com.my.
Retrieved 15 June 2017, from
http://www.thestar.com.my/metro/focus/2016/05/23/sipitangs-road-to-industrial-
success-border-town-known-for-good-satay-soon-to-be-countrys-largest-ur/
Sabah Forest Industries Sdn Bhd - Wikimapia. (2017). Wikimapia.org. Retrieved 15 June 2017,
from http://wikimapia.org/1450076/Sabah-Forest-Industries-Sdn-Bhd
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EIA Report on Formaldehyde Plant

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EIA Report on Formaldehyde Plant

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EIA REPORT ON FORMALDEHYDE

PLANT AT SIPITANG OIL AND GAS

PREPARED BY: CLASS OF EH221 8C

1. NAFIZ SYADHAMIER BIN MOHD NASIR 2013405912

1.1 Identification of Project

1.2 Purpose of Project

1.3 Need of the project and its importance to the country

Table 1: The Production of Formaldehyde according to Several Countries

Country Capacity (tonnes/year)

90% South Korea

Figure 3: Malaysia Imports Formaldehyde 2016

Figure 6: SOGIP Utilities Layout

Table 2: Sitting Criteria for the Proposed Project

CH3 OH HCHO + H2 Hrxn = 20.3 kcal/mole (2)

1.8 Key Issues

The key environmental issues arising are as follows:

1.9 Scope of EIA Study

2.0 WATER AND AIR

2.1.1 Air Environment

2.1.2 Water Environment

Design of ambient air quality monitoring network

Topography/terrain of the study area

Meteorology of the Area

Table 3: Summary of temperature, precipitation, and rainfall.

Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale;

Figure 8: study area map

Techniques used for ambient air quality monitoring

No. Parameters Techniques Minimum

Sensitivity of Meteorology Monitoring Equipment

Monitored Parameters and Frequency of Sampling

No. Particulars Details

2.2.2 Water Environment

Water Quality Survey

Analytical procedures for water quality parameters

The water requirement will be utilized for the following applications:

Sr. No. Purpose Proposed Requirement (m3/day)

Sr. Source Proposed Total domestic Dispoosal

3.2 Ground Water

There is greater chance for attenuation of contaminants to occur as the depth to

Noise environment is a loud outcry or commotion that is unpleasant, unexpected, or undesired

Sound is mechanical energy from a vibrating surface, transmitted by cyclic series of

4.2 Existing Noise Environment.

a) Passing vehicles at the adjacent roads.

c) Noise generated by human activities i.e. walking, talking, etc.

d) Noise generated from the nearest industries.

Table 5: Existing residential area near site location.

Figure 12: Methanol Production and its Derivatives

4.3 Methodology of Noise Measurement.

L10 is the noise level exceeded 10% of the time.

This is calculated from the following equation:

= 10 {1/24[15(10/10 ) + 9(109+10 )/10)]}

5.1 Definition of toxic and hazardous waste

5.2 Type of waste recovered

Table 7: Types of Waste that are to be collected

5.3 Source of waste

6.0 ECOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY

6.3 Survey Methodology

1. Collection of secondary information on ecological conditions pertaining to flora and fauna

6.4 Ecological Status of the Study Area

6.5 Observations and Results

6.6 Terrestrial Fauna

Table 9: Mammal Species in the Study Area