Title Author Year Outcome

The basic idea was to be able

to create a Micro Mechanical
Flying Insect having 26 joints
and 4 DOF.
The intricate design makes it
difficult to reduce weight and
at the same time make it
capable of flying like a normal
insect.
Micro robotics using R. J. Wood , 2003 The use of a composite
Composite Materials: S. Avadhanula, material M60J which is used
The Micromechanical M. Menon, both as a core and a face sheet
Flying Insect Thorax R. S. Fearing has made it possible to reduce
the inertia of the links by
Published in almost a factor of 3 as it has a
Proceedings of significant advantage in the
the 2003 IEEE Strength to weight ratio and
International stiffness to weight ratio over
Conference on the conventional stainless
Robotics steel. There is also a 20%
&Automation increase in the resonant
Taipei, Taiwan, frequency.
September 14- The material M60J is also
19. 2003 responsible for majority of
weight savings as it became
possible to create a
honeycomb structure.
Interestingly, significant savings
were also made in the time
required for manufacturing
due to ease in using the
honeycomb structure
Composites and Robotics: A review

Composites and Robotics: A review

 Title Author year Outcome
A. Ghazavit and Use of composites for improving
F. Gordaninejad the end effector accuracy of a
simple robotic arm is the prime
Published in motive of the study.
A comparison of the Composites & The end effector of the robotic
control of a Structures 1995 arm is made of a graphite/epoxy
Flexible robot arm Volume 54, Issue composite and is tested with a
constructed from 4, 17 February different controller method
Graphite/epoxy 1995, Pages 621- versus a robotic arm made with
versus aluminum 632 aluminum.
The results show a considerable
Copyright 1995 reduction in the axial and
of Elsevier transverse deflection owing to
Science Ltd the flexible nature, stiffness to
weight ratio and the weight
savings in case of the
graphite/epoxy arm . There is
almost a reduction of 47% in
axial deflection and 25% in
transverse deflection in the
graphite/epoxy arm. The pick
value of control torque required
is also lesser for the
graphite/epoxy arm.
All in all, the composite material
manipulator provides a fast and
oscillatory response as
compared to the aluminum
manipulator

Composites and Robotics: A review

 Title Author year Outcome
The idea here is to make use of
A compliant surgical A.J. McDaid , S.Q. IPMC(ionic polymer-metal
robotic instrument Xie & K.C. Aw composites) sensors to improve
with integrated the process of robotic surgery.
IPMC sensing and Composite materials can help in
actuation improving the instrumentation
control and reducing the
limitations associated with
Published in 2012 robotic surgery.
International The IPMC sensor, which is used
Journal of Smart as a displacement sensor due to
and Nano the flexible nature of the
Materials Vol. 3, polymer metal composite, is
No. 3, essentially used for enhancing
September 2012, the safety of the process in the
188203 intricate areas.
The designed IPMC sensor can
be also used as a feedback
mechanism to provide certain
degree of angular moment for
each of the individual links
depending on the required
overall movement.
Using composite materials has
made it possible to reduce the
weight of the sensor making it
available for all the links and its
flexible geometry ensures
precision.

Composites and Robotics: A review

 Title Author year Outcome
According to the authors, the
A review article: N. Elango & A. A. primary motive of the research
investigations on M. Faudzi on composite materials for
soft materials for robotic applications is to develop
soft robot systems which will not damage
manipulations the objects during manipulation.
The advantage of composite
materials is that they exhibit
Published in 2013 certain characteristics of the
The human hand which makes them
International ideal for use.
Journal of The reduced density, increased
Advanced toughness, increased area-to
Manufacturing volume ratio, reduced cost, etc.
Technology are the parameters of the
September composite materials which make
2015, Volume them better in most robotic
80, Issue 58, pp applications then conventional
10271037 metals.

CONCLUSION:
The advances in robotics are leading the world towards a world full of machines
working without human intervention. Composite materials and their properties
are beneficial in improving the robotic systems. From all the above case studies,
we can conclude that using composite materials has not only improved the design
aspects but they also help in enhancing the aesthetics of the systems. Using
actuators made of Polymer metal composites and other composites is reducing
the effective error of the systems and making them more and more robust.

REFERENCES:

1. R. J. Wood, S. Avadhanula, M. Menon, R. S. Fearing(2003), Micro robotics using

Composite Materials: The Micromechanical Flying Insect Thorax, Proceedings of
the 2003 IEEE International Conference on Robotics &Automation Taipei, Taiwan,
September 14-19. 2003.

2. A. Ghazavit and F. Gordaninejad(1995), A comparison of the control of a

Flexible robot arm constructed from Graphite/epoxy versus aluminum,
Composites & Structures Volume 54, Issue 4, 17 February 1995, Pages 621-632.

3. A.J. McDaid , S.Q. Xie & K.C. Aw (2012) ,A compliant surgical robotic
instrument with integrated IPMC sensing and actuation, International Journal of
Smart and Nano Materials, 3:3, 188-203.

4. N. Elango , A. A. M. Faudzi (2013), A review article: investigations on soft

materials for soft robot manipulations, The International Journal of Advanced
Manufacturing Technology September 2015, Volume 80, Issue 58, pp 1027
1037.