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ADVERTISEMENTS:
The UN Charter:
The Charter is the Constitution of the United Nations Organisation. It was
made in October 1944 by the Dumbarton Oaks (Washington DC)
Conference. It lays down the rules which govern the organisation and
functions of the UNO and all its organs. The Charter has a Preamble, 19
Chapters and 111 Articles which explain the purposes, principles, organs,
and operating methods of the UN.
(A) Purposes of the UTS:
The purposes of the UN are defined in Article 1 of the UN Charter.
ADVERTISEMENTS:
These are:
1. To maintain international peace and security and to take adequate steps
to avert wars.
ADVERTISEMENTS:
4. The member states shall refrain in their international relations from the
threat or use of force against any other state.
5. The member states shall give to the UN every assistance in any action it
takes in accordance with the UN Charter.
6. The states which are not members of the UN, should also act in
accordance with these principles for the maintenance of international peace
and security.
7. No member state shall interfere in the internal affairs of any other state.
The opening day of the session stands designated as the International Day
of Peace. The UN General Assembly holds deliberations on all issues
which are related to the Charter of the United Nations. It also approves the
annual budget of the UN. Its headquarter is located at New York (the
USA).
The decisions of the Security Council are taken by a majority and vote but
each of its five permanent members has the right to veto its decisions.
Under the uniting for peace resolution adopted in November 1950, the UN
General Assembly can direct the Security Council to act for meeting any
threat to international peace by taking collective security action against
aggression. The Security Council is a powerful organ of the UN. Its
headquarter is located at New York in USA. India now wants to become a
permanent member of the UN Security Council.
3. The Economic and Social Council:
The Economic and Social Council has 54 members, they are elected by the
UN General Assembly for a term of three years. One-third members (18)
out of these retire every year and in their place new members are elected.
This Council helps the UN in solving the economic and social problems of
the world. It also supervises the work of some other UN bodies. Its
headquarter is located at New York in the USA.
6. The UN Secretariat:
Secretariat is the administrative organ of the UN. It implements the policies
and decisions taken up by organs of the UN. It consists of international civil
servants who, while serving the UN, must forget their national loyalties and
work for securing the interests of the UN. There are about 4000 employees
of the UN Secretariat.
Their salaries are paid by the UN. The Secretariat General is the head of
the Secretariat. He is called the Watchdog of the UN. He is appointed for
a term of 5 year by the UN General Assembly on the recommendation of
the Security Council. At present. Mr. Ban Ki Moon is the UN Secretary
General.
(ii) The veto power of the five permanent members of the Security Council
has virtually left this powerful UN organ at the mercy of Big-Five ie USA,
UK, Russia France and China. Hence, the need is to reform the UN system
from within and outside.
There has been a big increase in the members of the UN. As such, the UN
Security Council needs an expansion for giving due representation to all
continents and major powers of the world.
(vi) The voice of the smaller nations should carry equal weight in all UN
decisions.
(vii) The rules and practices of the UN institutions need reform in the light of
past experience.
(viii) The organisation and the functioning of the Economic and Social
Council and the Secretariat demand a complete over-hauling.
Recently, the US War against Talibans & A1 Queda in Afghanistan and the
US-War in Iraq have put a question mark on the relevance of the UN. The
US operators in Iraq do not enjoy the sanction of the UNO. Further, the UN
has not been successful in securing disarmament as well as in preventing
the outbreak of local wars and terrorism in various parts of the world.
However, this does not mean that the UN has failed to serve the
international community. It has successfully prevented the outbreak of a
third world war. It has played an effective role in keeping several wars
limited. It has been now engaged in peace-keeping operations in 22
different parts of the world.
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nations/40332/
www.un.org/wcm/webdav/site/(fact sheet 2013 pdf)
unic-ir.org/EngaboutUn