4G Mobile Communication

1. INTRODUCTION

Mobile communications and wireless networks are developing

at an astounding speed. The approaching 4G (fourth generation) mobile

communication systems are projected to solve still-remaining problems of 3G

(third generation) systems and to provide a wide variety of new services, from

high-quality voice to high-definition video to high-data-rate wireless channel.

4G can be defined as MAGIC - Mobile multimedia, Anytime anywhere, Global

mobility support, Integrated wireless solution, and Customized personal

service. 4G is used broadly to include several types of broadband wireless

access communication systems along with cellular telephone systems. The

4G systems not only will support the next generation of mobile service, but

also will support the fixed wireless networks.

The 4G systems will interoperate with 2G and 3G systems, as

well as with digital (broadband) broadcasting systems and IP-based one. The

4G infrastructure consists of a set of various networks using IP (Internet

protocol) as a common protocol so that users are in control because they will

be able to choose every application and environment. 4G mobile data

transmission rates are planned to be up to 20 megabits per second.

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2. ARCHITECTURE OF 4G

One of the most challenging problems facing deployment of 4G

technology is how to access several different mobile and wireless networks.

There are three possible architectures for 4G.

2.1 MULTIMODE DEVICES

This architecture uses a single physical terminal with multiple

interfaces to access services on different wireless networks. It may improve

call completion and expand effective coverage area. It should also provide

reliable wireless coverage in case of network, link, or switch failure. The user,

device, or network can initiate handoff between networks. The device itself

incorporates most of the additional complexity without requiring wireless

network modification or employing inter working devices. Each network can

deploy a database that keeps track of user location, device capabilities,

network conditions, and user preferences.

The handling of quality-of-service (QoS) issues remains an

open research question.

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2.2 OVERLAY NETWORK

In this architecture, a user accesses an overlay network

consisting of several universal access points. These UAPs in turn select a

wireless network based on availability, QoS (Quality of Service)

specifications, and user defined choices. A UAP performs protocol and

frequency translation, content adaptation, and QoS negotiation-renegotiation

on behalf of users. The overlay network, rather than the user or device,

performs handoffs as the user moves from one UAP to another.

A UAP stores user, network, and device information,

capabilities, and preferences.

2.3 COMMON ACCESS PROTOCOL

This protocol becomes viable if wireless networks can support

one or two standard access protocols. One possible solution, which will

require inter working between different networks, uses wireless asynchronous

transfer mode. To implement wireless ATM, every wireless network must

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allow transmission of ATM cells with additional headers or wireless ATM cells

requiring changes in the wireless networks.

3. 4G: WORKING MECHANISM

In the 4G wireless networks, each node will be assigned a 4G-

IP address (based on IPv6), which will be formed by a permanent “home IP

address” and a dynamic “care-of address” that represents its actual location.

When a device(for example, computer) in the Internet wants to communicate

with another device (for example, cell phone) in the wireless network, the

computer will send a packet to the 4G-IP address of the cell phone .

Then a directory server on the cell phone’s home network will

forward this packet to the cell phone’s care-of address through a tunnel,

mobile IP; moreover, the directory server will also inform the computer of the

cell phone’s care-of address (real location), so next packets can be sent to

the cell phone directly. The idea is that the 4G-IP address (IPv6) can carry

more information than the IP address (IPv4) which includes 128 bits, 4 times

more than 32bits IP address in IPv4. 32 bits IP address looks like this

216.37.129.9 or 11011000.00100101.10000001.00001001 (32 bits).

The IP address in IPv6 version will be 4 times of IPv4 which

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makes it look like 216.37.129.9, 79.23.178.229, 65.198.2.10, 192.168.5.120.

It includes 4 sets of IPv4 address defined in different functions and usages.

The first set of the IP address (216.37.129.9) can be defined to be the “home

address purpose”. The second set of the IP address (79.23.178.229) can be

declared as the “care-of address” which is the address set up for the

communication from cell phones to computers. After these addresses from

cell and PC established a link, care-of address will be accessed instead of

home address;

It means that communication channel switch from the first set to

the second set of the IPv6 address. The third set of the IP address

(65.198.2.10) can be signed as a tunnel (mobile IP address). It is the

communication channel to wire-line network and wireless network. An agent,

a directory sever, between the cell phones and PC will use this mobile IP

address to establish a channel to cell phones.

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4. APPLICATION OF 4G

Virtual Presence

This means that 4G provides user services at all times, even if

the user is off-site.

Virtual navigation

4G provides users with virtual navigation through which a user

can access a database of the streets, buildings etc of large cities. This

requires high speed data transmission.

Tele-Medicine

4G will support remote health monitoring of patients. A user

need not go to the hospital and can get video conference assistance for a

doctor at anytime and anywhere.

Tele-geoprocessing applications

This is a combination of GIS (Geographical Information System)

and GPS (Global Positioning System) in which a user can get the location by

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querying.

Crisis management

Natural disasters can cause break down in communication

systems. In today’s world it might take days or weeks to restore the system.

But in 4G it is expected to restore such crisis issues in a few hours.

Education

For people who are interested in life long education, 4G

provides a good opportunity. People anywhere in the world can continue their

education online in a cost effective manner.

Public Safety

Communications, and the cooperation and collaboration it

affords, is a key element of any effective disaster response. Historically, this

has been done with bulky handheld radios that provide only voice to a team

in a common sector. And this architecture is still cellular, with a singular point

of failure, because all transmissions to a given cell must pass through that

one cell. If the cell tower is destroyed in the disaster, traditional wireless

service is eliminated.

4G wireless eliminates this spoke-and-hub weaknesses of

cellular architectures because the destruction of a single node does not

disable the network. Instead of a user being dependent on a cell tower, that

user can hop through other users in dynamic, self forming, self-healing rings.

This is reason enough to make this technology available to first responders.

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Think of every light pole on a highway as a network element, a “user” that is

acting as a router/repeater for first responders traveling on those highways.

Think of every traffic light as a network element, ideally situated in the center

of intersections with a 360-degree view of traffic.

5. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF 4G OVER

3G SYSTEM

Advantages

There has been more talk about 4G (fourth generation) mobile

broadband recently and Nokia Siemens Networks (NSN's) has announced

that the first 4G field trials have been completed in Berlin.

As 4G seems to have taken a step closer to reality, It is decided

to do some research and find out what advantages 4G may offer over 3G.

The specifications for 4G are not standardized yet but the following 3G vs 4G

table gives an idea of what 4G is likely to provide.

Technology 3G 4G
Frequency band 1.8 - 2.5GHz 2 - 8GHz
Bandwidth 5-20MHz 5-20MHz
Data rate Up to 2Mbps 100Mbps moving - 1Gbps stationary
Access W-CDMA VSF-OFCDM and VSF-CDMA
Switching Circuit/Packet Packet

Disadvantages of 4g

Another major disadvantage of the 4G networks may be

considered only temporary and technical - using them as networks for mobile

phones takes high power consumption (3G systems had a similar problems in

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the past though). According to experts, the most important problems in the

development of 4G systems is the lack of funding, as only few investors risk

to give their money for new researches in this field. Such unwillingness is

caused by the risk to lose money while developing a system that will not

attract as many subscribers as it may be desired.

CONCLUSION:

Low cost high speed data will drive forward the fourth

generation (4G) as short-range communication emerges. Service and

application ubiquity, with a high degree of personalization and

synchronization between various user appliances, will be another driver. It is

probable that the radio access network will evolve from a centralized

architecture to a distributed one. 4G is likely to enable the download of full

length songs or music pieces which may change the market response

dramatically.

We hope that future generations of wireless networks will

provide virtually unlimited opportunities to the global, connected community.

Innovations in network technology will provide an environment in which

virtually anything is available, anywhere, at any time, via any connected

device.

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REFERENCES

1. http://www.4g.co.uk
2. http://dcl.yonsei.ac.kr
3. http://www.techtarget.com
4. http://www.voicendata.com
5. http://www.glocom.org
6. http://www.nd.edu/~mhaenggi/NET/wireless/4G
7. http://www.wsdmag.com

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