R E P O R T

of the

DEPUTY JUDGE ADVOCATE FOR WAR CRIMES

June 1944
to

July 1948
 This r e p o r t was submitted by t h e Deputy gJudge Advocate f o r War
Crimes, European Command, L t , Colonel C, E. S t r a i g h t , t o t h e Judge
Advocate, European Command, Colonel James Lo Hwbaugh, Jr., pursum.t,
t o t h e requirement of l e t t e r , Head.qu~;rters,United States Forces,
European Theater, t o Theater Judge Advocate, f f le AG. 322 JAG-,GO,
subject: " ~ n a c t i v a t i o nof Wax. Crimes Ac;-f;iv%ties," 7 March
The r e p o r t covers t h e p r e - t r i a l and trial, phases of that portion of
the w a r crimes program, dealing with t h e so-called conventional w a r
crimes cases, conducted by t h e United S t a t e s M f l i t m y Forces i n
Europe between t h e dates June 1944 and J u l y 1948, D~sof'aras t h e
p o s t - t r i a l phase of t h e program is concerned it covers only t h e
i n i t i a l reviews and recommendations prepared directby u d e r the
Deputy Judge Advocate f o r Was GrSmes which smre submitted t o the
Judge Advocate, United S t a t e s Forces, European Theater, f o r h i s
f u r t h e r consideration and action,

The r e p o r t does not deal with the f i ~ m l r. evfew operatfoim of

t h e Theater Judge Advocate, nor wfth subseque3nt post-f-,riaP action
r e l a t i n g t o modification and clernemy. Nor does it r e f l e c t the
legal proceedings t h e r e a f t e r i n i t i a t e d by the aceused I n Federal
Courts, Accordingly, reference must be made t o l a t e r r e p o r t s or
other o f f i c i a l r e c o ~ d si n order t o determine subsequaaz+,a c t i o n or
f i n a l d i s p o s i t i o n of m y case.
 T A B L E OF -
C O N T E N T S

11. AD1INISTRATION.
A. First Phase
. .. .. .. . , . .. 5
5
B Second Phase 6
C. Third Phase 5'
111. PHASES. .... ............ ....
A. Prelimlmy
, , 13
13
1. Exploration of Legal Problems 13
2. Mission Directives 14
a. Reports and Investigations 14
b. Apprehension and Detention 1.5
c. Trials 16
d. Extradition 16
3. Operational Responsibility 17
a, Reports and Investigations 17
b. Apprehension and Detention 17
B. First Phase
1. Mission Directives
a. Reports and Investigations
b. Apprehension and Detention
c. Trials
2 Operational Responsibillty
a. Judge Advocate.-Sections
b. War Crimes Investigating Teams
3. Coordination with Other United Rations
C. Second Phase
1. Trial of Leaders of European Axis
2. Mission Directives
a. Scope
b. Operational Responsibility
c. Reports and Investigations
d. Apprehension and Detention
e. Trials
3. Coordination with Other United Nations
4. Extradition
D. Third Phase
1, Operational Responsibility
2. Was Crimes Installations
3. Completion of Mission
Table of Contents (contd)

-
Paxt
IT, COIJX@rION AND DEVELOPMENT OF EVIJEJYCE:. 0 e 0 0 e 32
A. Collection of Documents 32
B, Investigations 35
V. APP~SIONANDD~WTION.,
A. Apprehension
..... ..... 40
40
B. Detention 42

VII, LOP^ OF LEGAL PRIMCIPL;ES

A. General
.. . .,, .. .. 52
52
B, Conventions 54
1, Geneva (Prisoners of w a r ) Convention of
27 July 1929 54
2, Geneva ( ~ e dCross) Convention of 27 July
1929 55
3 Hague Convention No, IV of 18 October 1907 55
4, h e x to Hague Convention No, IT of
18 October 1907 55
C, Charges and Particulars 55

E, Jurisdiction 57
1, Offenses Committed Prior to Entry in W a r 57
2. Offenses Committed Outside US Zones of
Oacupation 58
3 Status of Victim 58
4. Double Jeopardy 59
5. civilians ae W a r Criminals 61
P, common ~ e s i g n 61
1, General 61
2, Separate Substantive Offense 62
3, German Tiationals $8 Victims 62 -
L

Go Superior Orders 63
1, General 63
2. Administrative Regulations 64
H, Certain Questions of Responsibility 64
1, Admfnistratlve Determination of Guilt ' 64
2, Military Necessity 65
30 Participation in Mob Action 65
4, Intervening Killer 66

I1
Table of 'Contents (contd)

VII. m L O P m OF mm PRDCIl?rnS (contd)

I. Evidence 66
1. General 66
2, Best Evidence Rule 67
3. Reasonable Doubt and Presumption of
. Innocence
J u d i c i a l Xot:ca
5 . Extrajud5cial Sworn Statements
67
zi
/-

J. Conduct of T r i a l
1, Plea of Guilty
2, Absence of Accused During T r i a l
3. sentences
VIII, 2GVIEW OF RECORD3 OF T R U L , ,
A. Reviewing Authority
, .. ....., . .. 71
71
B. Reviews and Reeomnda,-bions 71.

IX. EXTRADITION.
A.
... .. .... ..... .. .,
Scope of Mission
a a 73
73
B. Furnishing Leads t o Othsr mations 74
C. Procedure 74
1, Clearances 74
2 . Clearances r e lndivf duals of Diplomatic
Level I n t e r e s t 75
3. Individuals Located i n Austria 76
4. Extradition t o Mon-United Mations 77
D. Operatic~s 77

A, Conclusions '19
1. Central Recording Agaxey 79 ,
2. Prompf Development of Cases 79
3* b t e ; ~ t i o n 80
4. C e a t r a l i z a t ion of 0peraZ:ioml Responsibility 80
5., Type of" Unit 8%
B . Recommendations 8s

APPENDICES. , , . . . . . . .. ,. .. ., . . .. .. .. . .. .. ..
TABL;EOFF0OTNO2EREi?~CESe
, ,
a ,
,
83
90
 -
LIST OF mmmICES
NUMBER IXESCRIPT ION PAGE -=-.

I Chart Showing Organization of W a r Crimes Group 91

i n J u l y 1945,

I1 Graph Depicting Personnel. Strength of War C r i m e s 92

Group 1945 t o l.948,

111 @ h m tShowI- OZ'gaIlf~8ti0ll of W m Cl?iE@8 GPOUP b 93

July 1 9 6 ,

I
T Table of" Allowanoaa no, 1119 f o r 7708 W a r Crimes 94
Group, 28 October 1946,

Y General, Orders No, 304, Eeadquarters, United S t a t e s 102

Poreos, European Thea-ker, 26 October 1946.

-tn: General Orders No, 3, Headquarters, 7708 War Crimes 103

Group, Unitsd S t a t e s Forces, European Theater,
1 ITosember 1 9 6 ,

Chart Showing Organization'of W a r Crimes Group i n 110

Decambes 1946,

Cfreular 132, H e a d q & @ ~ ~ - United S t a t a s Forces, 111

European Theater, s u b j ~ c + :'fIn~estlgatioazof" War
Grims,' 2 October 19h5,

Letter, E e a d y d a r s , UnAted St,ettJes Forces, European 117

Theabr, -B;o Theator Judge Advo~a%@,
file AG 000,5
GAP-AGO, aubJsolz aPlklfmry -to Other United 6\Tations
and Italy of Persons k c u s e d of W a r Crimes a d of
Witae~sesm d Evidezse Required in the T r i a l of' W a x
Grrime~,"13 SeptxJrnber 19k5,

Letter, Headqu&ars, Unii-ked S t a t e s Forces, European 119

Theater, to Third Unf t e d Sha%eaAsmy, f i l e AG O00,5
l~'TG-AW, subJeat:: T r f d of War Crimes Cases, ''
14 October 1946,
LgtZ;e.r, Headquarters, European Command., t o F i r s t I 2;
Militmy District, f i l s AG 383 (WC) ZAG-AGO, subject.:
'gRedesigna%foaa of Cent,ral Suspect and Witness
Enclosure," 2% March 1947,
GorreIsxtf on and Ree o r u a g Syatazm. 126
 I1 Stanclad Operating F'rocedme No. 3, Headqumters, 135
7708 W a r C r i m e s Group, European Comms~nd, s.ub ject :
"Ga%laring and Processing of Bulk Enemy Docments,"
15 14ay 19b7.
Standard Operating Procedure No, 5, Headquarters, 138
7708 War C r i m e s Grouy, European Command, subject:
" F ~ o c e s s i r gof 'Reports of War C r i m e s D and
( h v e s t i g a t f o n a of W a r C r i m e s ' Involving Only
llationals of Other Goverszments," 15 M a y 1947.

PiSuggestiona t o Investigators of W a r Crimes, " 141

Headquarters, European Theater of Operations,
United S t a t e s Army, Office of %he Thea,t3r Judge
Advocate, 18 April 1943, a d Change I thereto,
29 Oc tober 1945.

XVI: Standard Operating Procedure No, 6, Headqua;r%ers 1.53

7708 W a r Crimeu Group, European Command, subjact :
"Standard Case Ar~~I.ysis Nomenclatures, " 15 May 1947.

Stmd~d O perating Procedure Hoe 7, Headquarters 157

mx 7708~arCrimesGroup,EuropeanCommand, subject:
''Establishment and Maintemm~eof P r i o r i t i e s i n t h e
Development of Cases, " 15 M a y 1,947.

XVIII Graph Depietirg Cases Docketed, Administrat'rvely 160

Closed, and Tried by Wax Crimes Grow 1945 t o 1948.

XIX Letter, Headquarters, United S a t e s Forces, 169, '

European Theater, t o Eastern M i l i t m y D i s t r i c t , st

al,, file AG 2.50,4 JAG-AGO, subject: ''Milftaxy
Cornissfom," 23 Angust 1945.

XX Exkraot Prom f o r the T r i a l of War C r i m e s 165

and. Relat,ed Gases," 17 J u l y 1-946, as mended,

XXI Graph D e p i a t i x ~Rates at 'Mklch #a?? Crimes Cases 203

Were Tried and Revi ewed, 1945 t o 1-948,

XXII Data aa to Cases TrLed, 204

XXIII W a r C r i m e s Group Fom No. 21 &~.umma.ry of Infomnation 248

~ o r m ) ,Beadqu.arters, 7708 W a r C r i m e s Group,
European C o m a .

XXN Tabulat,ion by Nations of Exbrailltion Requests 249

and t h e i r DispositTon..
 In a d d i t i o n t o the other dutiea a ~ rde s p o n s i b i l i t i e s imposed

upon the Judge Advocate, United States Armed Forces i n Europe, he

-.
w a s &signed t h e duty of developing t h e evidence i n w a r crimes case8

and t h e trial thereof. This operatiion is aptLy described by the .

Supreme Court of: t h e Uai%ed States as a second p h ~ oe f w a r , i,e.,

the s e i z i n g and aubjectinp; t o d i s c i p l i n e %hose of t h e enemy who, f n

their attempt t o thwart o r Impede our m i l i t a r y eff orb, v i o l a t e d the

l a w of war, Because of t h e unprecedented developments i n t h i s war,

t h i a t a s k wars wfthout p 8 r d l a l both from t h e standpoint of i t s

magnitude and t h e novel questiana of i n t e r n a t i o n a l l a w involved,

This r e p o r t r e l a t i v e t o the war crimes operation covers t h e

period from June 1944 t o July 1948, The command comprising t h e

United Statas Amed Forcee Ixl Europe was known as "%uropean Theater

of Operations, United S%ates Army," u n t i l 1 J u l y 1945; EM 'Wnited

S t a t e s Forces, J3uro~ea.nTheater, " from tba% d a t e t o 15 PWch 1947;

and ss '!European Command, " following the lakter date, Each of t h e s a

commands o r d i n a r i l y w i l l , be herei&"&er r e f e r r e d t o as the "%wropean

Theater." The t i t l e of "Cormandiq C&neral." W M applied to the

commander of" the firat two eommm~ds, and t h e t i t l e of' "Commander.-in-

Chief" is applied t o t h s commander 0% t h e European Command, The

commander of each of t h e s e commmds o r d i ~ i m i l yw i l l be h e r e i n a f t e r

r e f e r r e d t o as t h e "Theater C o m d a r , " Ti?%Supreme Commander,

 Allied ExpedStiomy Force, w a s a l s o Commanding General, European

Theater of Operations, United S t a t e s Army, The unified command of

Allied Expeditionary Force w a s terminated on 13 J u l y 1945. The

Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force, w i l l ordinarily

be hereinafter r e f e r r e d t o as "SHAE.F," The principal l e g a l o f f i c e r

of t h e European Theater of Operations, United S t a t e s Army, and the

United Skates Forces, Europeau Theater, w a s designated as t h e

"Theater Judge A d ~ o c a t e , ' ~Upon %he organization of the European

Commarnd he was designated as the "Judge Advoeate, European Co?ntnand,"

The principal legal o f f i c e r of these three commands w i l l ordinarily

. ,
be h e r a i r n t s r r e f e r r e d t o as t h e "Judge Advocate."

In c a r r y b g out t h e assigned w m crimes mission, t h e Judge

Advoeate operated throngh t h e WELL- Crimes Group, which formed a p a r t

of h i s off ice, u n t i l Ib Novelflber 1946, On t h a t date t h e War Crimes

Group w a s organized as a u n i t , designated as ?'7708 W a r Crimes Group."

Both these ageaofes o r d i n a r i l y w i l l be hereinafter rkferred t o as

Ir
t h e "War Crimes GroupOgrThe Dcsputy Judge Advocate f o r War Crimes

w i l l o r d i n a r i l y b e h e r e h - E " t a r r e f e r r e d t o as "Deputy Judge Advoeate."

Ha, was i n charge o f the W a r Crimea Group of the Judge A d ~ o c a t e ~ s

Wfiee. Mter the o r g d z a % i o n of 7708 War Crimes Group, the Deputy

Judge Ad-sroeate served. c o t only as such staff o f f i c e r of Headquarters,

Emapean Theater, but a l s o rn Coumndirg Of'iicer, 7708 W a r Crimes

Group.
Because of change3 i n t h e apposite mission directives, i n the

organization of' w a r crimes agencies, and i n t h e assignment of

 operational responsi'b i l i t y , and p e s t i c u l a r l y because operational

c o n t r o l was progressively c e n t r a l i z e d i n Headquarters, European

Theater, some aspects o r t h e operation can be 'best t r e a t e d by con-

aidering t h e mlssion i n its f o u r main phmes, i , e . , t h e "preliminary

phase," e a r l y 1944 t o December 1944; t h e ' ' f i r s t phase,'' January 1945

t o J u l y 1945; t h e "aecond phase," July 1945 t o July ~94b; and t h e

" t h i r d phase," July 1946 t h r o ~ hJune 1948, These dates only form

rough boundaries f o r t h e phases and i n some ~ n s t m e sthe boundaries

are not d i s t i n c t , t h e r e being an overlap of the phases i n t o t h e

periods indicated, The preliminary phase is i w k e d b y a suba'Eantial

Lack of na-t;ional pollcy as t o t h e punishment of t h o s e who committed

w a r crimes, broad r e s t r i c t i o n s on trials of war criminals, and almost

a complete lack of appreciaticln sf t h e magnitude of t h e impsndlng

problem. During t h e first -phase, l a i t i u opara%ional r e s p o n s i b i l i t y

was i n t h e a ~ - m ygroups and t h e maJor comands I n t h e cotummications

zone, with primary emphasis on the c o l l e c t i o n of evidence and t h e

apprehension of war criminal suspects, Ihrrine; most of t h i s phase it

w a s s t i l l rmt appreciated %ha% war crlmes had been comrnlttad on an

exbremely vas-1; s c a l e . In t h e secc~ndphase, which w a s whoLly witkin

t h e occupation period, %ha reatrlct ions on trlals were removed, bub

i n i t i a l operational r e s p o m i b i l i t y %s k o t h e i n v e s t i g a t i o n and triaa

of cases remained decsntrallzed and rested. with tlh? Third aaad Sevenkh

United S t a t e s Armies of Uceupation and t h e United Sta-kas Forces i n

Austr.ia, W i n g t h e t h i r d phase, t.he operational. respons ib ibity f o r

t h e e n t i r e operation i n t h e US Zone of Occupwkion, Germany, was

assumed by Headquarters, European Theater, I n i t i a l operational

r e s p o n s i b i l i t y was assigned t o the Deputy Judge Advocate,

The primary purpose of t h i s report i s t o provide a h i s t o r i c a l

summary of t h e probi.ems mcomtered, together with t h e i r solutions,

f o r the benefit of those who might in t h e fnf4vrc+be asaigmd a

similar miasim-, l>%ileit is not believed p r m t f c a b l e t o s a t f o r t h

with p a r t f c d a r i t y all of' the numerous novel legal. questions en*-

comtered o r all the problems which obstructed operations, the major

legal, and operational problems w i l l be b r i e f l y t r e a t ~ d , In t h i s

~oruaectiorz, a oon-binuaus shortage of guabified personnel was the

cmdfml impedimnt,
 11. m4nJ
'IaT
' IATION_

A. F i r s t Pha*sq:

During this phase t h e War Crimes Group was located i n

Paris, fiance, with Theater Headquarters, llo p r i o r mraxlgemenbs

h a v a -been made therefor, it was v i r t u a l l y impossible t o obtain

personnelwithln t h e European Theater t o s t a f f the W a r Crimes Group,

the w a r crimes agencies i n subordinate comands, m d t h e W a r Crimes

Investigating Teams.

S U ? 3 concluded t h a t most of t h e violations of t h e Law

of w a r had been committed outside C ; e m y and, consequently, a n t i c i -

pated t h a t most of t h e w a r crimes investigations would be effected

outside Germany. There being no appreciation of t h e tremendous

number of war crimes which had been and were being committed, the

hasty plans as t o organization, personnel, equipment and fe t c i l i t i e s

were Inadequate f o r t h e rnisslon at hand, Furthermore, the War

Department took no effective steps t o make t r a i n e d or untrained

persoanel available and it was not m%ilthe end of h o s t i l i t i e s that

a s u b s t a n t i a l number of personnel for t h e w a r @rimes operation eouid

be made available within the European Theater. P r i o r t o that. tlme,

only a nucleus of personnel had been obtained f o r t h e War Crimes

Grou-p .=d t h e vcw crimes branches of the arny groups armies,

Only seven War Crimes investigating Teams were organized p r i o r t o

t h e end of h o s t i l i t i e s , the remaining 1 2 'being soon t h e r e a f t e r

 staffed and organized i n accordance H t h p r i o r plans. Realizing

t h a t p a r s o m l f o r the mission were not available i n t h e European

Theater, urgent requests therefor were continuou8ly made of the War

Department by teletype eqnferen.ces and o-t;herwisa, commencing i n

April 1945.
Simllm d i f f i c u l t i e s continued m%ilthe eessat ion of

h o s t i l i t l a s i n t h e procurement of specialized or ordinary equipment,

such m ordinary equipment necessary f o r the organiza%l.on,of War

Crimbs Investigating Teams.

The dominant obJective of the United S t a t e s h o d Forces

i n m o p e being t h e forcing of e a p i t u k t i o n on the p a r t of the

memy and i n the absenee of p r i o r plans therefor, it is not unusual

t h a t d i f f i c u l t y was encountered by Theater H e a d q w t e r s In focusing

the a t t e n t i o n of subordinate commands upon the necessity a d urgency

of i n v e s t i g a t i o m , apprehensions, and congregat ion of w a r erim9nal.

suspects and W r i e r a d l y wiLnesses t o w a r crimes,

=- Near t h e end of t h i s phase it was apparent, that the W a r

Crimes Group w m located too remotely from most of t h e f i e l d w a r

e r i m s agenaicss, Corasequen-bly, upon %he R o ~ t P a nof the plan f o r

Theater Headquarters t o move t o f i m m t , h m , p l a were im-.

mesdia%elymade and placed i n t o sf2'ect f o r the W a r Crjimea Group t o

move t o Wlesbaden, Germany, b y intemltterrt; air I f f t s , as o f f i c e

space and quarters f o r t h e personnel became available.

B, Second Phase:

The movement of t h e War Grimes Group to Wiesbaden W ~ B

c o q l e t e d e a r l y i n t h i s phase. Yhe personnel in t h e W a r Crlmes Branch,

Headpuar-t;ers, Il'weUth iLmy Group, were t r a n s f e r r e d t o t h e w a r Crimes

~ r o u p . The I'welf'tn Army Group wm rslle'cred o r aLd f u r t h e r responsl-

b i l l t y in eonraectlon with t h e war crime8 operation, U e o , the War

C r i m e s Group thereat%e r operated the newly c r e a t e d War'Crimes Xvidence

and Iraeestigati.on Center. - A chart, showing the o r g m i z a t l o n of t h e

War Crimes Group and indicating the f i e l d w a r crimes agencle,s aa of

J u i y 1945 appears i n Appendix I,

I'heater Headquarksera consP;antLy urged t h e lJar Yapartmtj~t

t o m s i s t i n t h e procureme~tof the personnel e s s e n t i a l t o a timely

completion of' t h e program and m a d e every effort t o r e a s s i g n t o %he '

War Crimes Group personnel In t h e &mopean Theater who had sxpsri-

ence and qualit'ications s u i t a b l e o r approachlxg those required f o r

the w a r crimes wore, Nevertheless,. the extremely r a p i d redeploy-

m e n t of personneb from %he Xuropem Theater, both p r i o r and subset-,

quent t o t h e fall. of' Japan, reauLted l r a serlous personnel losstss

t o t h e mderst&'$sd war crimes agencies as ~ n d l c a t e di n Appsndlx 11,

A s e n i o r o f i l c s r from the War Crimes Group w a s p l a s d on temporary

d ~ a t yn t h khs W a r a f r p w t m ~ ~during
t; the l%&carp a r t of $he *as@

t o ald m 'the procuremen% oY p e r s o m ~ lf cr t h e opera%lon,

Although the W a r Crimes Groug formed a p o r t i o n of t h e

Judge A d r o ~ a t e01v1sion9 a s8c%trlonb%he =work of" t h e War Crzmes

Group wm p r l w 1 L y opera%ional. In c h a r a c t e r m a 1%was lmperatlve

t h a t adlequa-ba t r a m p o h b e a v a l l a b i s t o and wader I%# aoatrob in

 order t h a t i n v e s t i g a t i o m and urgent apprehensions be expeditiously

and effectively made. Gradually t h e needed transport w a s thus

assigned, Experience a l s o demonstrated t h a t t h e percentage of

deadlined transport was ~ m e l . high

y and t h a t t h e w a r er-fmes

operation was being inordinately delayed so long e.a reliance was

had upon obtaining second and t h i r d echelon maintenance from the
already overburdened ordnance maintenance shops then available,

ConsequentlyS %he War Crimes Group p e r f o m d its own second and

t h i r d echelon mebintenanee.
Provost Marshal agencies were overburdened with assigned
primary missions, including t h e detention of hmdreds of thousands

&,qrisoners of war, and could not render e f f e c t i v e and timely

service i n moving individuals of w m crime# i n t e r e s t , The i n t e l l i -

gence agencies were a l s o overburdened with assigned intelligence

and a e e ~ i functions,
~ y ineluding t h e enormous t a s k of screening

and processing a tremendous number of individuals i n automatio a s r e s t

-
, aa,tegorlea and, corasequen-bly, could not fm&sh w a r crl%@a agencies
i

a d e q u ~ t eapprehension service. Shortages of personnel f o r other

judge advocate work i n %he armies were so aevere t h a t war crimes

personnel were used f o r functions other than investigation. of war

erimee cases and aiding i n t h e screening of those i n detentfon.
Simflarly, although the Wax Crimes Group w a s a l s o seriously under-

staffed during t h e second ph.ase, personnel thereof, including court

r e p o r t e r s azad lawyers, were u t i l i z e d f o r long periods of time i n

comection with prominent and extended c o u r t s - m a r t i d cases then

being t r i e d .

As during the f i r s t phase9 i n t h i s second phase the oper-

a t i o n a l responsibility was i n the armies a d the War Crlmes Group

could only make suggestions t o the war crlzlles branches of the m i e s

a s t o asslgnmnt of personnel f o r duty In comection wlkh investl-

gatlons mu servlce on w a s crimes tribunals, p r l o r l t l e s t o be glven

Lo c e r t a l n cases, e t c . Sirnllarly, only suggestlorn could b e made

t o those branches as t o the, scrsenlng and movement of" individuals

thought t o be of war crimes m t s r e s t and t h e essentfEll. c o q r e g a t i o n

of those wanted f o r war crimes ~n Central Suspect and Witness En-

closwes. A s t o such screening and congregation those branches

I

could merely request prompt action by other agencles of their eead-

quark er s ,

While many administrative d i f S i c u l t i e s were encctuntJered

during, t h i s phase, as w i l l be hereinafter demonstrated, the domln.an-L

and 8.11 important impediment t o t.he proper c. ocrdinazion of t h e

operation and a vigorous prosecution of' the missim w a s the absence

of centralized eonGrol,

C, -
T h i r d-
Phase:
Meas the ouxset of t h i s phase, efSorGs on t h e par% of %he

W a s Uepartment t o proewe personnel la s u b s t m l t i a l numbers f o r the

stcsffmg of' the w m crimes agenclss, which had always been w-uer-

st&f ed, began t o bear f r u i t , However, many or the personn.el were,

not w e l l quallT"led, Srom t h e standpoint of' experience and t r a i n l a g ,

f o r t h e work,
 The Seuenth United S t a t e s Army had been inactivated i n

e a r l y 1gb1.6, A t t h e o u t s e t of t h i s t h i r d phase t h e Third United

S t a t e s Amy w m r e l i e v e d of a l l r e s p o n s i b i l i t y in connection with .

t h e development a d t r i d of" war @rimescmaa asd operational

r a s p o m i b i l i t y was msumed by Theater Headquarters, Following t h a t

msumption of r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s and with a view t o c e n t r a l i z i n g t h e

~ p e r a t ~ i o nt ,h e Was C r i m i n a l Prison was established at Landsberg,

Gemnany, t h e War Crimes Enclosure was established at & e h S w + h v y B

and a l l w m ~ r f m tsribmal,s were moved t o Dachau, The personnel

assigned t o the Way. C r i m ~ . B r a n c h ,Third United S t a t e s Army, were

transferred t o %he Was Crfmes Group and t h e War Crimes Investigating

T e a m were plaeed under t h e operational control of t h e bdsr Crimes

1

Group ( ~ p p ,111),

With t h e c e n t r a l i z a t i o n of detention m d trial a c t i v i t i e s

In the f a c i l i t i e s at Da~hau, it b e e m apparent t h a t t h e W a x Crimes

Group --was located t o o f a r therefrom, Also Theater Hsadquarters w a s

of %he opinion ti:hat administrative and supply support f o r t h e opar-

a t i o n eoula b s Improved, i f the War Crimes Group eznd a l l its f i e l d

Vera
~eg2c"rie ~ organized fn%o a separcz-ba n.umbered wit eommagdsd by

Consequently, t h e 7708 WEW Crfmas Group was organized with

I%si n f t i d s%a%iona%%.igflburg, Germany, which was the c l o s e s t

point t o k e h a u where anything appromhing s u i t a b l e f a c i l i t i e s %or

t h e headqnarters w a s availalbe ( ~ p p s ,Ig, 6r, T I , V I I ) . Renovation

of t h e h a Caseme i n t o whieh the headq~laztersof the W a r C r i m e s

 Group moved was begun by t h e Augsburg M i l i t a r y Post i n Or=t,obar 1.946,

The move was made by rail follcwing tqhe middle of November, However,

t h e bulk of %ha work of renovating t h e facilities f o r o f f i c e s , bar-

racks, q u a r t e r s , messes, clubs, motor min%enan@e shops, ets., wae

n o t com-pleted until. near t h e end of" January ~ 9 % 7Thls
~ move t o g e t h e r
w i t h the subsequent a d m i n i s t r a t i v e burdew i n c i d e n t t o a i d i n g in

renovating the fa c i l i i i e s , considerable of which work had t o be doc-e

by War Crimes Group p e r s o m e l , s e v e r e l y in'clarfered w i t h the war

crjgles operation. Not long a f t e r the renovation work on the f a c l l i -

t i e s a t Augsburg had been completed, Theater Haadquartera deemed I t

t o be imperakive t h a t H e a d q u ~ ~ e r s7708
, War C r i m e s Group, m c v e t o
F r e i s i n g , Germany. The undemnaaned bJunfe.h M i l i t x r y Post cotc~ldnot

f m i s h many of the minimum t~ypesof housakeep9n.g s e r v i c e s a% the

F r e i s i n g Sub-post, Moreover, electric: cwran.F, was only a v a i l a b l e

spasmodf calby, water supply inclucl2ng t,lra% f o r f i r e p r o t s e t i o n w a s

almost non-existen% dur Lng &o~$ht p e r i o d s , ?ad a,dequat,e b i l ls%s

and housirg %,ere no% a~rxilabbe,

Finally, tvhe haadquarters o f the W a r C r i m e s Group was

momd t o the If8Gr-a~C1mern.e i n Mim1.c:h, Ga-y, ixr Sep3ernber $947,

where v.ery a a h i s f % t o r y facs-3 lit:iss w r r : made a v a i l a b l e anfi &x~eI.:l.e~&

hou.sek;aepisa s e r v i c e s were f-wr~1sh.ed

by the LI.mSch Ml%l,tmyPost,

of m e s s e ~and c l u b s , and the FmiaSnJ.ng

the o p e r a % i o ~ o f ?bird

echelon ma.inksnance, u t i lj.tiLes s e r v i c e s , at;c.;, , beis4 ms7.?m8d. by

the Munich M i U t m y Post,

2nd swpp1.y support

Adaquatie hou.sekee.ping s%r~li;9 8% t h e bu'er
Crimes &closure f o r t h e screening a c t i v i t i e s and f o r the war crimes
t r i b m a l s were not obtained u n t i l the f i r s t half of 194Te
During the mlddle of 1947, i n order t o reduce the, admlni-
s t r a t i v e burdem of the W a s Crimes Group, the o f f f c e r s assigned t o
the Daehau Detaohmcsnt who were serving on w a r crimes t r i b u n a l s wewe

=signed t o the Munich Military Post f o r du%y wfth t h e W a r Crjimas

Group, The e n l i s t e d m n assigned t o %hat detaehm~ntwere similarly

assigxled. During t h e autumn of 1947$ the en9,islsd men on duty with

%he,headquarters of the War Crimes Group were attached t o t h e Munich
Military Post f o r rations, quarters, suppl-y, administration and .

discipline,
 111. =s

A, PreliIrli~~ay.~:

--
1. E x p l ~ r a t ~ i oof
n Legal &ob1.em0 Aa r e p o r t s of w a r

~ r i m e scommitted by eneqy militmy m d c:ivflium personae1 upon

natf o r a l s of the Uxlli%ed S t a t e s m-d its A1.bl.e~becane more nmerous

.and Srequen*, it w a s obvious t h a t a well defined national poaiog

would be e s t a b l i s h e d -m tc t h e pu.rdshment9 of bhom responsrEble for

such crimes, Consequently, some o f i t h e m t l . o i p a % ~ dl e g a l prdblem

were explored m.d analyzed,

For instance, it w a s not set.tled l a w that %he protectfolzs

extended t o prisoners of war by t h e Geneva (Prisoners of war? COE-

extend t o prisoners of w a r who commit w a r crimes p r i o r t o their

2

capture, Similarly, it w a s not s e t t l e d law that the proviaions

o f t h e Art;i@les of Way', paxt8cuParly ArtioEas 25 zmd 38, ars not

T The cm-
applicable t o proee@dilngs before w a r crimes t.r%bmls,

c l u s i o n was reached %ha;%-5216 c2-en.d~~(Prisoners at'W a r ) Con~m-Lian

grauSJs 30 s p e c i a l riglit,s %o prlsaness of war who Qmve com~-iJjted

war crimes. It was a l s o i?0nc:L~d8dthat, %he Art>leZ.ea of War a r e

n o t applicable %o procesdfnga before war erfmss tributzafe , 9 0 ~ .

t h e r e a f t e r the UnT%ed Natfom W t w C r i m e s CoWssio-sz, ord.inmi$y

h e r e i n a f t e r r e f e r r e d to as the %7NCC, '' reahad a similar cozlclxsf 9x1 as

t o the first problem a d In 1.945 t h e Suprene Court of" the U r ~ i % e D

 1
S t a t e s considered both problem and reached l i k e con.clwions,

Another i l l ~ s t ~ r aont f of t h e preliminary planning was t h e prepasat ion

4
of an m l y s i s 0% regulations f o r Military Commissions,
2, Mission Directives,
a, Reports and Investigations, In November 194k
the Secretary of War directed The Judge Advocate Gsntiral t o es-

t a b l i s h in the Office of The Judge Advocate General a Wa;r Crimes

~ f f l a e , ~While some oonsideration w a s given by SBAEF t o t h e i n v s s t i -

gation 0% war crimes p r i o r t o t h e invasion of Europe, no plan w a ~

i n i t i a t e d therefor mtil 20 August 1944, 697 The army group com-
manders, as well as @ommaa?dersof llLajor eommands in t h e communi-
catioraa zone, were directed t o report incidents invoEving war crimes
Sn a. manner prescribed i n $he directive, They were i&ormtd that
a standing Court of' Inquiry had been established i n W!',
operating
under t h e d i r e e t i a n of %ha As8istmt Chief of' Staff, G-1, that
SEWF would determine whether incidents reported v o d d be referred

r i
t o %he COW^ 02 Inquiry %or 1raveetiga%ion,

Court of k q u i r y , anJ-y aa t o incidents involving & l i e d m i l i t a r y

geraoacl as viatima, 8 9 9 Latar, reports vere required 88 t o &11
e the status or natfona%ity of' the viehim. 10
war erimcss, i r r e s p e ~ t f ~of"
Elear t h e end of t h i s preliminary pbase, the principle was accepted
that, each country w a s reaponsibla f o r t h e investigation of' w a x crimes
11,12
committed against i-bs natio.aals, The applicable procedure
 contemplated t h a t Sl3AEF f o m m d r e p o r t s of' w a s crimes t o t h e appro-

p r i a t e a u t h o r i t y of t h e aomkry whose nationals ware fnvolbved as

11

victims, However, i't was a t i l l ~ o n t s m p b a ~ ethat

tl the in~estfgaticm

of cases involving B r i t f s h or American m,tf o&s, mElitwg. or

civflim, aa3 aictilms wm t h e primary rasponsfbi9fty 0% the C o m b

11

of Ihquiry, The volume of sach report;s increased t o nmribers

many times more than was an%icipa%ed, ~ o n s & ~ u e n . t0n.U

l ~ , the more

flagrant a d heinow cases involving Americ..m or Britiiih millr;,wy

personnel were submit-Ledt o the C o w t of Iaq~lryf o r i n ~ ~ a a L . i g ~ ~ , S - f ~ n

, i s not@wctrt,hythat SHAEF w a s of the slew t h a t

P ~ e n t ~ h e t i c a l l . yit

the maJority of war crimes had been conmittcsd outside G 8 m y m.d

1-2
t h a t i n v e s t i g a t i o n s would be "for the most part, outside &ma;yOJ9

b, Apprehension m,d hten-bion, The procedure prcvided

that &Ser appropri ate deve1opmen.t; of the reported w a r crimes asa as

the c o d r y ooncsmed would request t h a t the names of hhe perpe-

t r a t o r s be placed OE the TJlWCC ida.ntIe5 L i s t s , These lists m r e to

be fomarded by Smm t o subordim-he c 0 m . b for t h e apprahenslo~s

of t h e %TELL- coriminal suspsota. 7, %Q h i t i a % l y , the.dPreetfves to

upon ayprehend-9~those war crrimrEm1 s - m ~ e c t swhose names appearad.

QII. lists ftmlfshed. by SI3AEF, foe,, the I n ~ ~ i d e r a whose

ls nsms
7
eppeased oa t h e UlWCC Wcmted L i s t s .

Throraghout the preliminmy phase, aegreget"6lo.n of 1rar

16
criminal s u s p e e t ~in detention. w a s prohibited and i-b w a s speelflcer%Ey

provided tha*, i r ~ e s ~ e c t i of
v ~vhe%her
? thsy 5rmt-s prl scmeru of w a r
 or c i v i l i a n s , they were t o be g r m t e d the privileges afforded by
7
the Geneva (Prisoners of war) Convention t o prisoners of w a r .

Notations as t o the crimes i n which t h e individuals were involved

yere t o be made on t h e records of those evmuated, 7

c. Trials. Probably motivated by coneern as t o

r e p r f s a U , the Combined Chiefs of S t a f f ' established t h e policy that

war er5minal suspects would not be t r i e d p r i o r t o the cessation of

h o s t i l i t i a ~with ~crman~,'~ However, it was not considered by

Headqu&ers, European Theater, t h a t t o t r y those charged with such

violations of t h e l a w of war as threatened or impaired t h e s e c u r i t y

of the TY3i";d StaTes Armed Forces, "or the effectiveness and a b i l i t y

/

of such forces o r members thereof," would constitute a v i o l a t i o n

of t h a t policy, 14

'%ulss of Land W&me," was amended by Chmge No, 1 which

elirainmted a proviaion i n paragraph 347 providfng that menibera

l i
a6 armed forces w a l l not be punished.for w a r crimas " a o d t t e d
under the orders or sanction of the* goverms9nt or commandera,

and which adclad paragraph. 3k5,1 providing that the fact t h a t war

csims were sc~mmfttedpmamnk "to o r b r of a superior or gcv9rn-

oziLpab:fbity, ei%her by way of defeme o r .In mbtlgettioaz of punish-

ment. ''
d o Exiradition. Similarly, the p o l i c i e s of t h e

Combima Chief's of Staff prohibited t h e grant& of tx&rOdB%$~-~

 and surrender r e q u e s t s f i l e d with American o r B r i t i s h f o r c e s b y

other United Mations untiL & t e r t h e lifting of t h e b a n on S r l a l s , 1.3

. Operational Xesponsibillty.

a. Beports and ~ n v e s t i ~ a t i o n s .It does not appear

that s t e p s were taken by commands 2n the communications zone t o

implemen-t t h e diracti.ves.

I n t h e combat zone most comarlus asslgnsh supervisory

r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o t h e i r judge advocdte s e c t i o n s , bowever, as did

S m , lower commands :in some instances assigned a l l o r p a r t of

t h i s r e s p o n s i b l l l t y t o the assistant c h i e f s of s t a f i ' , ~ - 1 . l I~n

most Instances t h e operatlollal r a s p o n s l b l l l t y was passed d,~vmar!

f a r as armies and I n some lnstances as far as divisions, There

w a s no wnif ormity at t h e operational l e v e l as t o t h e agency assigned

operational responsibility, Of necessity, t h e r e p o r t i n g of w a r

cyimes incidents was made the r e s p o n s l o l i i t y of a l l personnel.

However, t h e r e ~ p o n s ~ b i l i ft oy r making the i n v e s t i g a t i o n s , the

t n e and e x t e n t o f which were not clear1.y d e l l n e a t e d o y SW3T

d i r e c t i v e s , was v a r i o u s l y aaslgned t o the judge advocates, t h e

i n s p e c t o r s general, t h e a s s i s t a n t c h i e f s of s t a f f , G-2, o r t o several

agent i e s .
b. Apprel~ensionand Detention. Similarly, in t h e

communications zone t h e r e was no implementation of t h e directives

as t o apprehension and deteil-tiion and i n t h e combat zone t h e s e

f u n c t i o c s were d e c s n t r a l l z e d t o the lowest p o s s i b l e l e v e l , being

assigned indiscriminately t o one o r more w e i x i s ~i n a d d l t i o n t o

 their aormetl. f m e t i o n s . No provlaioki was made f o r t h e congregation
of' war ~rimimls uspsets,
B, B i r s t P B ~ Q :
1, Misaion D$~.ectises.
a, Reports and k~est%gations, Meax t h e end of
h c e m b ~ r19&, %he W a x Depmtamnt issued a dfreetive providing f o r
the astpablisbmn% 02 a branch i n t h e Office of the Judge Advocate,

Emcrp~an%%eater, operating under the general, supervision of a d

sammuni~atiwd i r e c t l y with The Judge Advocate General, having as

''i-bs primary f m ~ t i o nthe investigation of alleged w a r crimes, and

the collection of evidence r e l a t i n g thereto, including, f o r trans-

mission t o the governments concerned, evidence r e l a t i n g t o w a s

16

c r f m s committed aga5m-k m t i o ~ of
s other United Nations,"
Thls d f r a s t i v s was implemn.ad by t h e European Theater on
2k Februaxy 1945,17318 It vsa directed t h a t t h e army groupa e s t a b l i s h
war crimes branahas In t h e Judge advocate saeBlons of t h e i r head-
quartera; that those branches funstion under t h e supervision of the

Judge advocate i n cmy-%ngout t h e reaponsibiabP-bfm of the W a r Grimes

Group (than located i n ParSs, fiance), but under t h e operational.

control of %he a~r?ny group @ o m f i e r e ; t h a t '!Reports of' W a r Crimesn
be ~lubmitted, those i n % h ~combat zone t o be chamePEed through

army judge advocetaa and those i n t h e eomrm;uaieatiom zone t o be

foxwarded d i r e a t %o %he W a r Crlmcss Group; and %ha%f u l l atad oomplete

w b n ~ e s t & a t i o mof W a r Crimest1 be submitted as to all w a r crimes

incid~ntsinvolving American nationa%s aa victims. Direct
communications between war crimes agencies waa authorized.

The p r i n c i p a l commands i n t h e communications zone and air

f o r c e comesnib were d i r e c t e d t o screen a l l p a t i e n t s i n general

hospitals as w e l l as a l l US m i l i t m y o r c i v i l i a n personnel a r r i v i n g

at an$ assembly o r staging area i n o r d e r , t o i d e n t i f y those i n pos-

~ i r . r ron of info mJ a t i o n regardmng war orlmes .I9 Aii those i n

-,sossession of such information were t o be i n t e r r o g a t e d under oath.

It was prescribed t h a t t h e screening and i n t e r r o g a t i n g be e f f e c t e d

by ;sersonncl under t h e supervision of t h e staff Judge advocate of

-the various conmands. The p r i n c i p a l objective of t h e plan w a s t o

perpetuate i n the form of sworn testimony a l l evidence which could

be furnished by recovered prisoners of w a r and all m i l i t a r y and

c i v i l i a n personnel p r i o r t o t h e i r departure from t h e t h e a t e r t o

other t h e a t e r s of w a r o r t o t h e Zone of I n t e r i or.

To facilitate t h e taking of oaths a d i r e c t i v e was issued

providing that a l l commissioned o f f i c e r s assigned t o duty with t h e

W a r Crimes Group o r t h e wssl crimes branches of other headquarters

i n t h e t h e a t e r =are, w i t h i n t h e -purview of A r t i c l e of War 114,

hereby d e t a i l e d t o conduct such i n v e s t i g a t i o n s i n connection with

a l l e g e d w a r crimes as may be d i r e c t e d by the commanding general of

t h e command conctsrned. n 20

M i l i t a r y i n t e l l i g e n c e personnel i n t h e European Theater

were d i r e c t e d t o forward immediately a l l information a,a t o w a s

crimes obtained by them i n t h e course of t h e i r i n t e l l i g e n c e functions

t o t h e w a r crimes branch of the headquarters t o which they were

 assigned or, if assigned t o headquarters lower than an army, t o the
war crimes branch of the army, 21
b. Apprehension and h t e n t i o n . The W a r Department
implemented t h e policy of t h e Combined Chiefs of S t a f f prohibiting
t h e ~ e g r e a t i o nof w a r criminal suspects and directed that they be
handled i n such manner afl t o avoid disclosure that they were 3 e i q

held f o r fukure trials.

16

All commands were directed t o prepare Wanted Reports on

forma prescribed by t h e Central Registry of War Criminals and

Security Suspects, hereinafter referred t o aa 'WOWOASS9t1as t o
a l l war criminal suspects and forward t h e sama i n t r i p l i c a t e t o the
W a r Crimes Group, the o r i g i n a l t o be forwarded t o CROWCASS and one
21

copy t o the Theater Provost Marshal.

'It waa a l s o directed t h a t a l l prisoners of war suspected

of w a r crimes be congregated aa follows:

"( 1) 'ether rank Quspeots at Continental Central

Prisoners of War Enclosure No 13, Nomnandy
Base Section, Communications Zone

2 rankg witnesses at Continental Central

Prisoner of W a r Enclosure 1Uc 21, Normandy
, . Base Section, CommbWBion~~ Zone
"(3) BOfficer suspects and w i t n e s ~ e sa t Continental
Central Prisoner of War &eloeure No 25,
Nornandy Base Section, Communicatione Zonen

T h i ~eongre&ation waa considered e s s e n t i a l in order t o f a c i l i t a t e

the interrogation of t h e war criminal suspacta and t h e development

of the evidence i n war crimes cases, The removaj, of" war criminal

~ u s p e c S b " ~ ~ & ~ ~ r i witnesses

endly t o w a r crimes from the European
Theater o r from any of t h e Continental Central .Prisoner of" W a r
21
Encboames was prohibited,
e, TrilsJ,s. T h e Wecr Bpm-brnent recognized t h e appro-

prlateznbss of trying immediately those war criminals who h a eom-

mitt-,ed w a r crimes which i n ~ o 1 m ~the
d a 8 s e c w f t yox $316 s u c ~ e s a % u ~
olslrry%ng vat of m i l i t a r y operatiom 07 o~zupatia~.
ul.6

2. OperatIomE R s ~ p o m i b i b i t g ,

a, Judge Mvoeats Sections, The only change during

t h i a phme i n -tihe msigzmcn% of operational. responsibi%fty wm the
placing of t h r~e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r supervision of r e p o r t f a and
investigating w a r crimes i n the judge advoeatia ~ ~ e c t i oof
m the sari-
o w o-d~. 1% w a s d.irected %ha% e m h army Judge dvocsbe "direct

the ee-bivi$fes of' Amy w a r crima prsomel," including formal wnd

the orgmieatlor, of 69 formal W a r C r i m e s Investfga%irig Team, ei&b

to be B W B ~ A%O~ Be&q&@ra9
~ Fmu%h Group, for a % t ~ b ~ %

to i t s &es; three t o be ami~$raedt o Hedqumters, S9xth Amy

of the base seotions, s o m u n f o a t i a s zone; m d two t o be m s i ~ n e d

t o B e a M g ~ t a r sCommand, Emopan Theater, under the immediate oper-
atiomd. contr01 of) the War Crimes Group,
Coordj,ndtion
3. - , , --
- With Other United
---. Natfom, ".-.a
P r i o r t o %he
i n i t f ation of w a r crimes program by United N a t i o w , t h e United
Natfona War Crimes Commisalon wers established i n London, Moot of
 t h e United Nations concerned were represented thereon, exsy,spt f o r

Ruesia,

I n t h i s f i r s t phase it became apparent t h a t additlonab

s t e p s were necessary t o coordinate the a c t i v i t i e s of American w a r
crimes agencies with t h e war crimes agencies of other United Nations,
SHAEl? directed t h e Twelfth Army Group t o e s t a b l i s h a Was Crimes

Evidence and Investigation Center, o r d i n m i l y hereinafter r e f e r r e d

t o as t h e "Records Center," at Wieabaden, Germany, t o serve as a
center %or t h e concentration of a l l records and evidence r e l a t i n g
t o w a r crimes collected i n t h e European Theater, such records and
evidence t o be available t o repreaesltatives of all United Na%ions,
The originals were not t o be removed from t h e Records Center,23
CROWCASS, r e f e r r e d t o above, w a s established i n April
1945$ t o service t h e Unite6 Natiom w a r crimes agensiee aa t o
inf'omnation 6one;erning wanted w a r criminal suspects and witnesses
t o w a r crimes 24 The system provided t h a t Wanted Reports covering ,

wanted peraons would be f i l e d with CROWCASS by i n t e r e s t s d nations;

t h a t CROWCASS would issue and d i s t r i b u t e Wanted Lists;; t h a t those
having custody of wanted individuals would f i l e Detention Reports
wiith CROWCASS; and t h a t CROWCASS would-issue and d i s t r i b u t e

Detention Lists. After t h e inactivation of' SBAEF, t h e operation

of CROWCASS became a J o i n t American, B r i t i s h and E'renoh venture,

S t i l l l a t e r it came under t h e control of t h e Control Cow~cll, Bsrfin,
C, Seeond Ph~1~le:
3, T r i a l of Leaders of European Axis, In May 1945 t h e
Robert X o PTskeosa ~ E Ith6 r ~ t 'TJnttsa States and
p of %he

m its Chisf cxf C o w a B 3-h preg.ming an& p r s s e e u t i q charges of

a%roof$fss and ww C P ~ a
Bgtx9.1u-kBUD^ of %he Ldd.ers3 of the European
AXIR poversagand. %heir prWPfpkL agen%s a d ~ecEubgsorIcssa~ %he Uni%ed

Statss may w e e W ~ C Bany 0

: the IJxtited ;l!a%iom to bring to %rfa

before m ln~ier-aa%%onal
mIBSt8,wy% r % b m l , .In ~o&ormf%ywith $h%
..
bc%aratftm of 30 O6%abbr 1 ~ 4 Mro
MQBCOFT 3 ~ ckaxstioe Jmkaon em-
pleted Sn. A w t 19451 .@he r8g31;la%Xon of the I;andon Agreemnt vfkh
Great BrX%ImS f i , m ~ eand Rwsia re%a%%m
t o %he proseou-bion andl

pwa!.ahen%, of' %he m J o r A x i ~war c.,ri&ds, 25

2
"--
Dfrectivtae.
Mission ,-...- ....-.. .>-.
" .,. -*..

a, f ~ dl.re@tiva
Se opeo The f l . s ~ comprc%h@-%q
t e iseued

bg tthe $ o b % Chisfa of S L & ~ w a s B O ~ % & ~ C X i ~ ntheir d~ec%im

1023/10~
8 ,Tul;y 1.3@. tl.v@appBf~a%Ionof' %$at
B ~ 9 i a gr @ a p ~ w f hfbOF %ha &ERC

birectkv-e, l-t b e c a m n.eseiuaary for the Judge ,Uv~ca%a

%o propose

of %he direot%w where %hey mi&% be noat ~ppx~crprf

%,.ha.bs~xd~ns atdy

pEsssd, The prcrtxtdme %lien h,opera%ion p?arr%dsd

f o r the %rial of

in (3mwny end Awtrla and are- o v e m by the Unitad States Armad

 However, the scope of the operation contemplated by this

directive was much broader and necessitated a plan for the trial of

cases involving other "atrocities and offenses, including atrocities

..
religious or political grounds, com-

and pereecutions on racial,

mitted since 30 January 1933., ''

The plan submitted placed chief responsibility for the

trial pf these accused, who were not war criminals wanted for
trial by the bternational Militazy Tribunal, on the Director,
Of'fise of Wlitary Government for Garmany (US), It, envisioned

the taking of appropriate action to enable the Garman c o u r t s to

perform the duty of bringing to justice thoae in. this aatagory
who were non-United Nations nationals.26 In implementing this
plan the Law for Liberation from National Soeialicrm and Militarism

was enacted by the Minister-President8 in the US Zone of Ocoupation.,

Germany, vestiw G e m courts with special power to try individuals

%or the crimes in question and prescribing a xocedur~stherefor,27

Further pwsu* %he proper allocation of responsibilities
under the Join% Chiefs of Staff directive 1023/b0 to the Theater
Commder, a, portion of the plan contemplated extending the trials
of war eriminala to (1) such leaders of the European Axis powers
and their-principalagents and accessories as were not under indict-
ment before the International,Military Tribunal in the trial then
in process and (2) members of groups and organizations which might
be declared criminal by the International Military Tkibm~z!l~ In

accordance with recommendations made to the W a r Depmtiaent?, the

President implemented t h i a portion of t h e plan by the issuance of
Executive Order 9679 on 16 January 1946,
b , Operational Responsibility, Following t h e end
of aetive operations w a i n s t t h e enemy, t h e War Crimes Group was
moved t o Wiesbaden In t h e v i c i n i t y of FranlsPurt, Germany, This
was done In advaueo of the planned move or t h e 'theater lloadqu.mt;ers
from P m i a t o Franlgurt, While the move was i n p r o p s s s , t h e Sixth
Arrny Group was inactivated, Upoii completion of the move, th.e
ThreUth Army Group was relieved of a l l r e s p o n s i b i l i t y i n connection
with t h e eolbeetIon and perpetuation of evidence r e l a t i v e t o war .

orlmes aa web1 as t h e operation of t h e War Crimes Evidence and

Investigation Center. These functions were assumed by Theater
Headquarters, 28

The Third and Seventh United S t a t e s Armies were assigned

occupational r e s p o n s i b i l i t y i n the Eastern and Western Areas,

respeotively, US Zone of Ocsupation, Germany, The w a r crimes
branches of those armies had operational r e s p o n s i b i l i t y within
t h e i r asem f o r the war crimes mission,
Personnel f o r only seven War Crimes Investigating Team
could be procured p r i o r t o t h e end of h o s t f l i t i e s . In May and
June 1945, t h e additional 12 War Crimes Investigating Teams were
organized, s t a f f e d and assigned t o lower commands s u b s t a n t i d l y in
aceordanee with the plans above indicated (see 111, B, 2, b, supra),
two being asa-ed t o t h e United S t a t e s Forces i n Austria and one
being assigned t o t h e Assembly Area Command,

25

 o , Report8 m d Investiga-biosa, In August 1945 the

W a r bpm-timent issued a directive similw to, but more comprehensive

than, the one of Deaember 1944.29 hit directive was implemented

by %he fssumee of consa&idated i m t r u c t i m s prescribing t h a t a l l

~ o ~ d e take
r s sueh steps las might be n6esssary t o assure t h a t

afl r s c o r d ~and evidence relaatin@;t o war crimes be forwarded

promptly t o t h e Records Cea%sr operated by t h e W a r Crimes Group;

having Zmowbed@;e of ''an Incident or an a c t

that, aa$L p~reoa~3.81

thought t o be a. war crimess prepare a prescribed "Report of War

Crimeeea d fo~mpwdit t o th@war esima branch of %heir M i l i t a r y

D i s t r i c t or t o %heWar Crines Branch, Headquarters, United S t a t e s

Forces i n A u s t r i a , ~s t h e ease m i g h t be, personnel i n l i b e r a t e d

areaa to submit such reports d i r e a t l y t o t h e WRX Crimes Group;

tha% war crJmes cases would be i n ~ e s t f g a ~ ebyd War Crimes Investi-

gathfngT a m o r personr,al aesigned t o w a r crimes agenciaa; t h a t

"gRepor%eof WEW CrimeY'i n which only a8,tltonale of other United

.?sere 5nvoPved would not be investiga.i-Yd: and %hat sueh

Wa%io~.s

raportls would be forwarded tat:, t h e W a r Crimes Group f o r delivery

t o iappro~iatesagencies of" the gommments concerned ( ~ p p .V III) ,

RcrPyfri on the inherent, -powera of the Thaabr Command.er

as Military Governor, a directive was iasuad empowering c i v i l i a n

w a r cp,rlmes per~om?.eL~
with profeasiorLaa gretaes or ClAQ grades of

seven (7) o r above, %o administer oakhs, 30

do Apprehension and h t e n t i o n , In the Enumner of'

1945 the Combined Chiefs of Staff removed t h e prohibition on
segregation of w a r criminal e ~ s ~ c t In
s , the
~ ~f a l l of 1945 the

Assistant Chief of' Staff, 6-2, was assigned technical responsibility

f o r the apprehension of w a r criminal suspects and unfriendly w i t -
nesses t o w a r crimes, 32
The Theater Provost Marshal waa assigned teohnical
responsibility f o r the mervement of w a r cr.lm4nal suepots md un-
friendly witnesses t o war crimes wanted i n connection with the
American w a r crimes operation or whose extradition and surrender
was desired by another United Nation,

Each Military Dietriot e~tablisheda Central Suspect and

Witness Emlosure within reaeonable proximity of its headquastera.

The installation f o m r lJ utilized aa the Dwhau Cmentration Camp
near Dachau and.Civilian Inte~lmsntEnclosure No. 78 near Ludwigsburg
were d e s i w t e d as such installations by the Eaatern and Western
Military Districts, respectively, The United States Forces i n
Austria-set aside a portion of Camg W c u s We Orr near Salzbura,
Austria, as i t s Central Suspect and Witness Enclosure, It was

directed that those individuale of wax crimes interest then being

detained in the installations j
n the commuaioa%ionszone be moved
t o the enclosure established by the Western Military ~ i s t r i c t . ~ ~

e, Trials. In the sunnner ef 1945 the Combined ,

Chiefs of StaSf removed the restriction as t o wax crimes trials

and directed SHAEI? t o proceed w i t h such trials before Military

Government Courts regardless of the nationality of the victims. 31

That directive was relayed t o thd Theater The Theater
Co-der empowered the C o m U n g Generals of the Eastern and .

Westem M i l i t a r y ~ I ) f s t > r i c t so create specially appointed Military

Govenimen% Courts fox* the t r i a l of such war crimes' eases as might

bs fomaxdgrd. by the Judge Advocate or h i s delegate f o r reference

35 The War Grfmes Group was designdad as t h e c e n t r a l
for trial,
repoaitoxy f o r a l l records of war crimes t r i a l s t r i e d i n the
US Zones of 0aeupat9fon In ~~ and Austria, 36837
- 30 Coordlna%lonWith Other United Nations, A Central
- - - - - - - - -r

W r w Crima Library w a s establ.iehed by SHAEE' at Wiesbaden, Garmany,

,in l J ~ ~2945
l y under t h e Joint cl;ontso2 of t h e Deputy Judge Advooate
abd t h e Chief" of" the Ma- Crimes Group, B r i t i s h Oec".upa%ionForces, 38
BoW@r)9s, it w a s abandoned i n x August L9b5 bssawe operational
6Xpaxibace demonstixa%adtAiatt:aqy service such l i b r a r y could render
would be s.uba%antJXalbyin duplica%fon. of that being rendered by t h e

Fur %hair ~owexaimca, the congregation of war criminal

swpec-bs and uasfrlendly v3,lneaacss t,o w a r crlmes in t h e Central 511s-
pect mid Wftliwss Ewlcs-urea i ~ . c l u d e dthose .t.lhaught t.90 bd of in%erest

ather Un%fed Mationa ,

k e r f o m W a r Crimes Liaison Detachment% were asaigned f o r

B r i t i s h and French O e c ~ p a ~ i oForces,

du%y wi%h Hsradqu~?&rters~ n h e

wag e t a t f o m d in. Partls t o aoordim%s %he Amexfcan war crimes a e t i v i -

t l a s with %he American. Grkvea Regia%ra'ion Command a d the French
Na%Lona,LWar Crimes WWioa, GROWCASS and other agen.cies, One was
?-sfligned fox duty with the Wiiaes of" US Chief' of' Counsel, f o r the
Prosecution of Axis Criminality,
Pursuant t o an h v i t a t i o n by SHAEF t o various United

Natiom, Britishg French, Luxembourgo Belgian, Netherlands, Danish,

Norwegian, Polish, Czech, and Yugoslav gommmente assigned War
C r i m e s Liaison Det~hmentsf o r duty with the Was Crbnes Group, In
adldftion, some of these nations eimilarly assigned formal War Crimes
InvestigatJtng Teams,
4.- Extradition; In July 1945 the prior banA& the
Ccmbined Chfefe of Staff on the grant- of e x t r a d i t i m and sur-
render requests by other United Nations as t o prisoners of war i n
Rritish or American custody w w l i f t e d and authority w a s g r a t e d t o
proceed with the extradition and surrender of war criminal suspects
and witmases t o war erfmes t o other United Nations and I t a l y in

wcordence with stated p ~ l i c g . Accordingly,

~~ authority was dele-

gated t o the Jn&e Advocate t o act f o r the Theater Commander, which

authority was redelegated t o the Deputy Judge Advocate, in the
taking of action on requests made by authorized representatives of
other Unlt;ed Mations and I t a l y f o r the extradition and surreFder*-
of war criminal ~ l u s p c t sand witnesses t o w a r crimes wanted in

conraeetion with the war crimes operations of those natim ( ~ p p ,IX).

Do 'Ilbird,:
1, Operati onw3 RaaponsAbility, Lower commands were re-

lleved of responsibility i n connection with the d e v e l o p n t and

trial of war crimes cases, A11 responsibility therefor was assumed

Bg Theater He&quart@rrs, operati0-1 control and responsibility

 being assigned Deputy Judge Advoca-be, including %he investigation
and davelopent of eases, references of e m e s f o r trial, and t h e
prepwa-bion of" R e v i e w s a d Recommendations fop -tohe Reviewing
kl
A.thori%y, It waa directed t h a i those participants involved

i n mass a t r o c i t i e s csomitfed i n the US Zone of Occupation or

w e a s overrun b y t h e Uni%@dSta%ssArmed Forces, who were not
t r i a d i n the parent cases inv0lvl.q such mass a t r o c i t i e s , be
t r i a d in sub~equbntprc~~eddlngs , ,
& ~ p pXI
The p e r s a m ~ lof' a l l w a s erimea agencies, including o f f i c e r s
aereing on war crimes tribunals, were placed under the itmediate
-
control of t h e Deputy Judge Advooa%e, F o m l bJar'Crimes Investi-
gati.ng F e r n were a l s o placed m d s r h i s operational control.
The Judge Advoea%ewm authorized and directed t o exercise'
all t h e powers of the Theater Commander as Reviewing Authorfty i n

w a r srLmes cages where no sentence of' de:m SaTBmn pronounced

(Appo X), This was in.addition t o tJha Judge Advoca%eQs r m p o n s i b i l i t y ,

as l e g a l advjsor to %he Thaatar Ca-der, f o r the coordination of

the war erlmes opara-hions, i , e , , the on* covered hereby and t h e one
42
proscrscuted at N m b e r g by %he Chief of Counael f o r War Crimes,
2, = Crimes Ilrlstallatfous, The Central Suspect and

Witness EncXosura established i n t h e former Seven%hArmy Area w a s

abandoned and provision was made f o r the detention of all w a s
c r l m i m l suspects and unfriendly wi%nesses t o war crimes of i n t e r e s t
t o %he W a r Crimbs Group o r wax crimes agencies of other United

Aatians i n the War Crimea Enclosure, kchau, &-weC3 A major

GO-d w m @~aigaxbd
r~~p~ut~lb~.B .f%
for , y o p ~ d t f mof %ha%
the
bataEla%flrmmrf %he fmiwhfw 02 the meaed %mf$ftiesatnd

3 3l-,,,-*-
e t h . r ~of' blfse9~n, h w ~ c : ~ r d a mwTbh
e recow
rnmbttm, %he Thsat@r C?-d:ax djlrested %ha% %he trtw.1, of wax

%he end of 19&7 an& t h a t all reear& 02 t,rfal. be rbviwed =d other

h.6
aipests r;$ the o p @ r a t f ~om$ba'tad.
n px-%orto 90 ~TWDB 19k8,
IV, COLLEm'ION AlTD IlEXFLOPMENT OF E V I m C E

A, Collection of Documents:

A l l comm$nds were assigned the general responsibility

g f o w a r d i x evidence relating t o w a r crimes .'7

i x ~c o ~ ~ e o t i nand ~t
waa particularly emphasized t h a t militasy intelligence personnel

forward such infomnation obtained i n the course of t h e i r intelligence

21 -
functions, A$$$$$ir the creation of the Records Center, a l i s t and
,., I

deseripkion of captured enemy documents desired waa prepared and

distributed t b r 'y@&evarious commnnda ~atea
r l l cammds
were specifically directed t o take such steps as might be necessary
t o msure t h a t the originals of a l l documants and evidence r e l a t i =
t o war crimes were forwarded promptly t o the Records Center ( ~ p p ,VIII),
However, the issuance of" clear and mandatory command directives did
nok reault i n proper progress i n the collection of such records and
evidence, This is a4 le t o a number of factors, e.g,, insuf-
ff siant dissemina%ioa of directives, lack of attention thereto, a.

general feeling by agencies t h a t t h e i r requirements were e n t i t l e d

to firs%p r i o r i t y fn the collection and use of documents, a d the

fact that the fwaotioas assigned t o most agenefea i n possession

of such documents were disproportionate t o available personnel,

In the light of these circumstances, document teams

were dispa%~haa
t o the p r b a i p a l document centers t o acquaint
 personnel with t h e n s t w e 8 0 f the w a r orimae material desired and

t o offer supervisory eersrioee i n aocument screening, Several tons

of reoords, i n c l u d i ~death books, etc., were collected i n con-

nection with a few of the major concentration camps,

During the larst few weeks of the rapid advances of the

W e e i n Germany, a large number of atrocity acenes were recorded

in st i l l $fib$ures and on motion picture f i l m by combat photographers. -
Iio w a r crimes p e r a m e l were available t o aseist in or direct t h i s
work and no plan existed t o the preservation f o r w a r crimss pur-
poses of the evidsnce.from t h i s unanticipated source. Conrsequently,
no attempt w a ~made t o support the same by the morn testimony of
those In position t o t e e t i f y EM t o the accuracy of'\the scenes depicted.
Later, a l l such pictures and motion picture f i b weke made available
by the Army Pictorial Service f o r screening f o r evideke of w a r
crimes, a f t e r which efforts were made t o return them f o r the sworn
teetimony -of the c a b a t . photographers who shot the scenes or others
who were present; and familiar with the facts, However, l i t t l e was
gainad by these efforts because (1) moit of the pictures and films
depicted scenes of mere generd interest, (2) they were, shot by
persnnnel who had no conoeptiaa as t o the elements of proof' i n wm
crimes and
~ ~ ~ 8 8 8 , (3) most of those able t o t e s t i f y as t o the scems
depioted could not be located. In any event, while s w h tmoordirmted
maas photography may establish that war crimes and mass atrocities
' i - 2been
~ c m a ~ t t e don a raet s o a ~ e ,they are seldom CXP v a u e as
proof of the connection d par%icular individuals with speoific
 f rotn r;law:or "l';apc>s.to c.lf W m . CrA.mria, I' or ~-ivnn.rr> tt,h?roof, t o vn'lvebla

to t h o criniclti
documonto ,and t h o i:worSn..tent,lruony of oyew.it~:~m.:lnc..t-~

was extremely d i f f lcul.l:, T h i n w~.l;t. crimea m.aterlel w s . ~111 inlzrly

languages and soms of" t,hnt vhich eventually provoll. L,o b@ tho most

valuable was' very f rqpnnt,lry m d of t e n m~re3.y'bore on the f a c t of' .

the cornmiasion of a war crime, or mers1.y cont-eInt?d fairit leads as

t o t h e place of c o m i ~ s i o n ,the i d a n t i t y of' Ihr? \l~~rpfttr.atorJ

the

victim, o r the ~ i t ~ n e s s e n I, t was essent.ixl t h a t 1 hoea millions of .

items bo so corral.atad rn t o psrmit of each b e i i ~pl,-teecl with t h e

other items,, if any, which r e l a t e d t o tlhe laciden* involvad. Only '

.
by such accurate explo-itat Ion could the parts of t h e Inbumarable

c r i m s be pieced togsther and t h e cases eventually devslopod f o r

r i a A f6w of tha m o r e e s s e n t i a l mechanics f ' o n n l ~ ga p a s t of t h e

syatam u t i l f zed i n t.he oprat.ions of the Records Centar i n correlating

t h e items of wax crimao material. trith -the thotl3and.s of caaes docketed

ars s e t f o r t h 113. Appendix X I I . Some of t h e easantisl elements of

-
t h e procedure appl2c.able t o t h o processing 0.f bulk enemy documents

are s e t f o r t h i n A.ppsndix XI11 and soma of thr:~sa applicable t o the

1

procesaine; of w a r crimcs material relating t o inaidents involving

only nationals of other Unitod Nations are s a t f o r t h i n Appendix XIV,

Ne,v t.he completion of %he w a r crimes trklalsprogram about.

18 tiom of documents which were no' larger of wa- crimcs i n t e r e s t

and t h e informatim collectbed i n tl,e personal. data fiEes of those

. .
detained i n t h e War Crimcs Enclosure ware tlr3.nsferrcd t o agencies
under the supervision of' the AssisWnt Chief of Staff, G2, A l l
w k r crimes material considered essential f o r retention, including
the case f i l e folders in connectim with t r i e d and untried cases,
the o e d indices, etc., necessary i n utilizing the sm, and the
records of trial in cases tried, were transferred t o the custody
of the Judge Advocate Division, European Command, aa of 20 June 1948,
Be Investigations:
During the preliminary phase, SUEZ', through the
medium of' a Court of Xnquiry, investigated a few cases involving
American nationals as viutims. These investigations were l a t e r for-
warded t o the War Crimes Group. However, it was not then realized
t h a t wax crimes had been committed on a scale unknown t o modern
hiatory, Moreover, the Court of Inquiry w a s not mobile either as
t o organization or assigned equipment. Tnasmuch as neither the
British nor the American forces had perfected or staffed war crimes

organizations t o cope. w3th t h e i r enomua w a r crimes operation, the

SHUZ Court of Inquiry operated well into the first phase.

E a r l y directives contemplated t h a t intelligence, impector

general, asld varioua other nan-legal personnel p a r t i a l l y or completely

investigate w a r crimes cases. Very l i t t l e effective work resulted
theref'rom because such non-legal personnel had no appreciation of
the elements of proof, Moreover, they were overburdened with

The d i f f i c u l t i e s encountered i n developing the evidence

3n w a r crimes &wmb;warr&a particular emphasis; In the first and
of milflzsr;ypersonn.el t o other theaters of .war and the Zone of

Interior, Civi11a;n wi%nessas, mimy of whom were imported slave

la%oseurs and other c i i s p l ~ e t dpersons, were a l s o s c a t t e r e d , T':p

perpej%raf;orsmade every e f f o r t t o conceal the- identity,

;Inasmuch a# it; w a s evlcient Lhat In mamy instances the

witnesses would be saatu.t,ored throughout the world before most of

the w a r eritues e m e a could t? brow3ht t o t - r i a l and, jn view of t h e

f a c t t h a t the csxt9raJudfeiaJ sworn testimony of witnesses was

a,dmlssSbl:e i n esvldenca by the procedure applicable t o t h e t r i a l

of wax ~ r f m c j scasesp the in.vestigatlve instructions provided t h a t

all startement3swould be under oath, preferably i n question and

z n ~ s w t rform au-pple-mn-tmed.
3 11 imtm.ces where t h e circwns tances so

dfatatetd wi'bh %he sworn narra,%:f~res-h;at.aments of the witnesses i n

The prot:sdpare ra28t1ive t o the interrogation of r e p a t r i a t e d

A.mrl.can mi%itar$ a r ~ doTvilian p s r s o m e l a d personnel scheduled f o r

r e d e p l o p w t t,f~
@'%her %Ileatea's c;f w a r or the Zone of k t e r i o r made

p r o ~ i a i c m%or %hs i dent9ifl cetIiotf;.o f those who could give valuable

faat-irnozly as t o war c.rlimes of substm.%lal importance by the use

3.f a prescribed q u c a % l o a ~ . r e . 1 9 Few psrsormel were made available

b y %..a commsads ci=tr>~ce~~.ad

and mas% of such s c r e a n l ~and in'terro-

gat-Lng a8 w a s done was af9eteJhzsd by W m Crimes Znves Ligating Teams

assigned t o supplemen% t h e perso~melt o be made available by such

c n m d s (see 111, B, 1, a, supra), Moreover, the r e p a t r i a t e d and

 other personnel were redeployed i n such large ntmibers and with such

speed t h a t t h e i r adequate interrogation by the war crimes personnel

obtainable was impossible.

, In the second phase the operational responsibility f o r the

investigation of w a r crimes cases rested wlth the war cr-s branches
of the d e s , aided by War primes Investigating Teams assigned t o
the armies. The investigation work by these f i e l d wencies waa
serionely hampred by (1)heavy losses of' lrreplmeable personael
in the fall of 1945 and (2) by the burden of screen- a l l individuals

19 the various detention installations in the f oreparb of 11946

(see V, B, post). Durlng the second phase some valuable e f f b r t was

lost; due t o the persistent proclivity on the part of f i e l d war
crimes agencies t o endeavor t o submit nInvestigatiom of War Crimest8
as t o ine idente involving only nationals of other United IY&lons
ae ~iotimul,'~ratlier than t o =rely submit "Reports of War Crimes"
as prescribed by directives (App, VIII).
In AUQUB~11945 "Standard Case Analyeis Nomenclatures"
provitllng f o r the use of standard s m o l s t o designate victtm
categories, nationalities of' victima, offense class if icati-,
accused crxrstody status, and degrees of completion of proof were
adopted (see superseding p r q c t i v e , App. m). It was not possible
i

t o try all WEE crimes cases, even those involving American nationals
as victima and mass atrocity cmes aggregating; several. thousands.
Furthermore, in view of the f a c t that no useful purpose would have
been served by trydng cases other than those of camparative;i&jor
 importance, the adoption of such system f o r c l a s s i f y i n g each

dockeked way. crimes case was e s s e n t i a l . Also i n February 1946 a

formal system of p r i o r i t i e ~ li n the development of cases was

.
=,

adopted (sbe superseding ;directive, ~ p p .WII)

During ff-re seeon&'phascs, 3nasmuch as d i r e c t communications

between wm crimes agencies were authorized, t h e W m Crimes Group

endeavored t o control. by means of recornmendations t o t h e w a r crlmes

branches of,, the armies the cases be in~resl;Lgafodand t h e grlcrzi-

t i e , s applied thereto. However, i n view of the f a c t t h a t f i e l d war

crimes agencies ,?ere not under t h e co-d d i r e c t i o n of t h e War

, C r i m e s Group during t h e second phase, attempts t o control war

crime8 investigative m t i v i t i e s effectively. l e f t , considerable t o

be desired as t o adminiatration, pl'h?ncti3on, and t h e focusing of

e f f o r t upon,cases of comparative major importance which showed

signs of . successful development In t h e third?fBd&p, t h e control

of the operation having bean c e n t r a b i z e d , i n %he.War Crimes Group,

War Crimes I s v e s t i g a t i w Detachments received t h e i r o p e r ~ t i o n a l

i n s t r u c t f ons d i r e c t from the Cnief of t h e Evidsrlce Branch thereof,

Assignpents of' cases f o r investigatfon were made d i r e c t t o the chiefs

of t h e detac>mnts,, weekly progress r e p o r t s were required, a d two

f u l l time inspectors made -om~ed investigations as t o the ,

housekeeping and p o d u c t i o n asgects of the a c t i f l l i a s of the

-
I

detachments. Production and q u a l i t y of t h e work vere much. improved,

Draring t h e process of the development of' evidence i n w a r

crimes case, it w a s necessary f o r t h e War Crimes Group t o reyeaf;edly

the personnel uaed on inmstiga%%sm mrs not f a P Q q W l $ i e d and
did riot dequataly dppreaia%e %he sXsmen%sof prosf, Morsover,
vS%msses,smiv:ingJ v l ~ - G
andl~ a o r ~ c s ssf evideme being aeatterea,

Pmther developm'k often fnvol~edthe referring of remaQzed c m e s

$0 dstaclmmnta in o%her Zonas o f O ~ c ~ a t I&mO

m ~ ad,in liberated

W i n g the t h i r d $m.se &%er the cso~-gr@gab%on

of d l w r

mpmsta
c;ri&~al aui wsrienilly vitnaasos ho var crime8 5x1 %he

1% w a s e a ~ e ~ % d Lo
. a l snzppl@m~nS;f i e l d inv@stiga%ions w i t h rsintdrrs-

to prosure furLh@r easen%id avfdeme or apprehend principal perpa%-

trators to msum a u c s e s a f ~proseoutlon
, had been to no a$raf3,

Appendix mIII g r a p h f e d l y podray8 the number of cmss

cl.osed, %siar,"%c.
docketed, adrninlstratf'(~dLy on a quarterly k a s l s

dwdn! tha aperakiow .

39
 A, Amrehens ion :;
A t a s k of equal complexity and d i f f i c u l t y t o t h a t of the

preservation of evidence aa t o w a r crimes was the apprehension and

songregatloaa. of war c r i m i m @ s r q ~ c t sand unfriendly witnesses t o
w a r c r i m ~ a , Throughout t h e operation, a high degree of coordination

and cooperation =om United Nations w a s necessary i n t h i s conazeetion,

The sane WEIB t m e as t o Amrican agencies, particularly i n t h e first

and second phases of the operation when m i l i t a r y ' k t e l l i g e n c e ~ e n c i e s
wwe r e l i e d upon f o r apprehension service,
The 'JROWCASS system w a s outlined i n III,B,3, supra, The miasion

assigned t o CZOWCASS included, i n addition t o the r e g i s t r y aerviea

i n e o m ~ c t f o nwith wxr criminal suspects m d unfriendly witnesses t o
war crimes, t h e furnishing of sirnilair service t o t h e Un.i%edNa-t;iom
with regard t o a l l s e c u r i t y suspects, including millions of members
4

of o r g m i z a t i o n . ~which might l a t e r be held t o be criminal by the

~b%ernat~ione,
F-F'1il~ft ary Tribunal, Numb6rg. Experience demowtr atecl
%ha5 %nls latter service was one impossible of performance b y one

%orrcy and t h a t 9 even i f the functions of CROWCASS were Limited t o

the furnishfw of service in eomection with the: w a r crimes operations,
timely service would be very dlfffoult t o render, In the l a t e f a l l of
19%58 the f m e t i o n s of CROWCASS were limfted t o t h e furnishing of

aervdae i n eoawc%t;.lonwith the w a r crimes operations, The servioa

rssndwred by CROWCASS was no% of mewrimurn. value because (1) the decision
 t o l i m i t its functions was .made many month^ too l a t e ; (2) most nations

did not make any s u b s t a n t i a l e f f o r t t o f i l e Wanted Reports u n t i l l a t e

in 1946, if ever; ( 3 ) detent,ion i n s t a l l a t i o n s , including those i n t h e
US Zone of Occupation, seldom f i l e d Detention Reports; (4) i n s t a l l a t i o n s
made no e f f o r t t o n o t s y CROWCASS in the event an individual covered by .
a Detsn%?mXeport w a s moved t o mother ipstailakion; anti ( 5 ) such

service aa waa rendered waa not s u f f i c i e n t l y timely, t h i s delay being

assign6ble t o moves, t o %he novel character of t h e venture, and t o t h e
d i f f iaolltfes in t r a i n i n g m k i %led local clerical. personnel.

During the first phase, technical responsibility f o r apprehension

w a s unassignede During t h e second and t h i r a phases, it was assigned

t o t h e Amistarat Cbief of Staff, G-2, and technical responsibility f o r
h

the movement of indivfduala was assigned t o %he Theater Provost Marshal.

Ik lower eomwmds there was seldom any d e f i n i t e assignment of apprehen-
s i o n r e s p o w i b i l i t y azad l i t t l e emphasis w a s placed thereon, intelligence
elnad security function% a l w a y s being given p r i o r i t y ifl planning and

In the t h i r d phase9 of necessity, all apprehenaiona and raovements

of iadividm3.e of urgent waz a r b s i n t e r e s t were effected by w a r crimes
pers o m l ,

It waa particularly d i f f i c u l t t o t r a c e perpetrators who had been

menibers of en.erny t a e t i e d m i t e O e,g,, a f t e r all conceivable s t e p s had
been taken t o Identify t h e p r p e t r a t o r s in t h e Malmedy Massacre,

imtxwtiosas were sent t o a l l major c o m d s d i r e c t i w t h a t a l l

fradividuds in detention be screened f o r t h e purpose of identifying

 %:hose who had bean membere of speej.d"iied units of the 1st SS Pmzer

[ ~ d o l fH f t l e r ) D1.vYsion0 Those Identified were t o be moved t o Prison

M o . I,, Sohwabisehe Hall, an annex t o the Seventh United S t a t e s Army

G@n%retbSuapeat and Witness Enclosure, About 1000 were moved thereto,
M t a r amlvaE they were sorsened, Those apparently (not conmeted with
Gne na~mwMassacre were moved t o prlsonar of .waz enclosures. he
'bdanele, being approximately LcOO former members of Combat Group Peiper,

w m a sagr@ga%edi n a m.m.ne~making comunication with each other

MmposeiloPa, Finally, a f e w collfesseds Thers&ter, t h e development of

the stme was pawsfble, b ~ %t h e cobleetion of the evidence and the

apprehemion of additional essfisr~t~ial
perpetrators continued t o be a.

s3,ow and tlsdtoua tmk,

" - 4 , , D i r e c t f v & ~to 1.0wer eotummds as t o the detention of a l l w a r

.r.rfmlnal susgacte and &ri@adly witnesses t o war crimes were not

.fi,
< I-
!.~.veLyc a r r i e d out?, Motwithstarading t h e f aet t h a t t h e War Crimefl
.I-

Group, by uae of its a-m transport, delivered Wsylit+edL i s t s t o lower

c o r n . & &nd %he pri.nGlpal app~shens

f on we in^ i e s and the detention

therein, thc~usandsof w&r~%ed

fm,t;:aLEak,%cow individuals were permitted
t o remain in mLsoell,m@ousfmb,albatio.na. Those segregated i n the
curnax~~iea"cionszone dvxin@ the f frst phrzae .were moved f o m m d indis-
er3.mfwtsly during the aacorld phase t o vwlous i n s t a l l a t i o m i n t h e
33
Ws~tarnMiT%tary Distric??, ,Months of tracing of these individuals by
W a r Czritnes Inmstfgatdng Teams r a s u l t a d i n the recovery of moat of them,

lmgs shipment,s of Indivfduabs, whose names did not appear on

Sc)m@l.;"bmee
Wanted Lists, were placed i n the Central Suspect and Witness Enclosures.
Consequently, it became necessary t o prohibit such movements unless
approved i n advance by the Deputy Judge Advocate a f t e r preliminary
screening a t the point of origin ( ~ p p ,XI),
Upon the asrival of the first usable Wanted L i s t i n December 1945,
the war crimes branches of the Third and Seventh United States M e s
and the United States Forces in Austria were requested t o place i n

effect a screening program outlined by the War Crimes Group, which pro-
posed t h a t investigative personnel, assigned t o those branches or War
Crimes h v e s t i g a t i n g Teams m s i w d f o r duty with those branches,
would temporarily suspend investigations and supervise and a a s i s t i n the
screening of individuals detained i n t h e i r areas and in effecting the
movement of individuals wanted f o r w a r crimes purposes t o the Central
Suspect and Witness Enclosure of t h e i r area. As an incident of t h i s

screenfng program q'Identification of Prisoner" sheets, s e t t i n g f o r t h

merely personal identification data such as name, age, birthplace,
color of" hair and eyes, units t o which assigned, and positions held,
etc,, were t o be mde as t o each individual detained i n the Central
Suspect and Witness Enclosures and forwarded t o the War Crimss Group

i n a prescribed ntrmber of mimeographed copies. The copies were used

f o r various correlation purposes i n the War Crimes Group, Periodically,
s e t s of the sheets received were sent t o the UIWCC and s e t s were
delivered t o War Crimes Liaison Detachments of other United N a t i o m

assigned f o r duty with the W a r Crimel~Group, calling the attention of

 'the d e t a e b e n - b s ' t o ~ s h ~ e %
apparently
a r e l a t i n g t o iiidividuals whose

appeared on Wwfaed L i s t s
g ~ e ~ n s ~ i &3 being wanted by %heir governments,

At, tlhe ouLset of the t h i r d phase, the w a r criminal suspects and

wfrfendly witnesses t o war crimes detained i n t h e Central Suspect.

m d Witness ~ n & l u a l r Eoeated

e near Ludwigsburg wer6 moved t o t h e Way.
Crimes Enclosure at Daehau. The former i n s t a l l a t i o n w a s abandoned, 4.3
.As a .result o f a preliminary screening of those detained at Ludwigsburg,

':over PQQO Vera e ~ i & m t s di n ~ldvanceof the movement; At t h e outset of

th$'third 'phase, there were 8pproximtely l3,000, the a c t u a l number
'bei.ng undetermined, w a r criminal suspects and e r i e n d l y witnesses t o

:; &Pak crimes detained in t h e two enclosures, together with hundreds st-ill

sea%ter@d i n vasions detention i n s t a l l a t i o n s . This number w a s reduced

+a about 12,000 det%afned i n the War Crimes Enclosure on 30 Beptember 1946;
L1,Q00 on 3'1. heember l,g46; 5506, on 3%March 1947; 2000 on 30 June 31947;
and 600 on 30 September 1947, The screening load during each of t h e

qumtepa mentioned- Included no% only those i n %he War Crines Cnr3csjure

a t the ca?x%setof t h e QF 33 +pi--, but ~ L R Othose moved i n d-~wirgthe psmtf-

ou'm questsr, usually excesdfng 1000. The detention figures a l s o

in&Il.de thoae 'det+ainedfor and covered by exbractition requests of other

aTIkIt,ed Rattons, A 1 1 af those dekained i n eonnestion with t h e American

war erines operation were removed from the Enclosure e i t h e r by tu"fa1 or

albm%mtfon prfo-r to 3% December 1 9 4 ~The
~ remainder of those held f o r
~~~ra?kG% s nm.rreaader
t o other United nations had been removed from
and
t h e Ibebosme by l k .January 1948,

 The elimination of and removal of detainees from the War Crimes

Enclosure could not proceed faster than the work of developing the
evidence in cases thought to be of comparative major importance and
the elimination of such oases by administratively closing them. This
was true for the reason that no mature conclusion could be reached as
to whether futher detention of most of the individuals was essential
until reasonable possibilities of obtaining such essential additional
h

evidence and perpetrators as were necessary to assure the successful

prosecution of various cases had been exhausted.

 As i n t h e investigation and development of cases, which necessitated

the e e n t r d i z e d correlation and analysis of evidence, the reference of

eases f o r t r i a l on a centralized b a s i s was essential. t o t h e proper

coordination of trials a d the s c h e d u l i x thereof, imciudira the assuring

that prosecutors were provided with a l l available evidence,

In the secmd phwe, caaes were forwarded t o the Commanding General.
of the Third or Seventh United S t a t e s Armies f o r reference f o r trial, As

t o United S t a t e s Forees ili A u s t r i a , cases were forwarded recommending

that.considera%ionbe given t o t h e i r referellee f o r t r i a l , In %he thfrd.

phase the eases were r e f e r r e d f o r t r i a l by the D e p ~ - ~Judge

y Advocate on
b e h a of t h e Theater Commander t o Military Government Courts, s p e i a l . l y
appointed by Theater Headquarters, The courts were corn-prised of
personnel pemnazlently assigned t o t h e Wax C r i m e s Group (APP, X) .
A t the outset of t h e WLW crimes trials program, n f e w of' the cases

were t r i e d by Military Commissiaas (App, XlX), 7isrbalance

tihe
EI~%..c..3~ were
t r i e d before specially appointed Mflitary G o v e m n % C o w ~ t s . The more
pertlnen-h p o r t i o m of the trial ma3auaR u t i l i z e d by these wax a r i m a
trfbumbs are s e t f o r t h i n Appendix X X .

The trials involved d.1way. crimes cases of compaxative major

Importance other than those t r i e d by t h e Intemt,f om.1 M i l i t m y Tribuaaa.l,
B-berg, and the approximately 175 near high N a z i s t r i e d or being t r i e d

by t h e subsequent proceedings i n charge of t h e Chief of Counsel f o r War

Crimes a% Nwnberg. The offenses involved i n the cases inc1uded the

illegal k i l l i n g of' surrendered American airmen by shooting and bediing

6% isolated =d rsmote points, by planned m.d instligated mobs i n popu-

l a t e d areas, and by p m t i e i p m ~ t si n the execu%ion of widespread common

designs t o kill such airmen; of"$ensss near the b a t t l e f i e b d i n a 2 ~ d i r g

viola%ions of' the Red Cross Convention, the Gmzeva (Prisoners of Fdm)

Convention., e1.j the sxeaution of' a common design eo-otemp?l,at;ing thlig,

n . eutl;m.esia b ~ . t : L % ~ c ;
application of" terrorism. i n warfare; ~ p s r a t ~ i o of
t i o m ; and the exeelat-ion of common des i@s e.onttempl.~tingthe operation

of concentration camps, whieh operatl:ions included t h e xtfijection ~f

inmates, including American n a t i o n ~ l s , t o killings, beatings, tort-mes,

s t a r v a t i o n and other abuses and indfgnit;ierr, In.one of t h e cases trl.eci,

a charge was included which alleged %ha%t h e accused were members of

organizat Lorn dec lmed criminal, by the In%emaOio~:alM i l i tary Tribmal,

Nwnberg, knowin& t'ria.t %he orgmizatlon.s were b e i n g u t i l i z e d i n the

commission of criminal, acts, or were psrsonet%l.y impllcaked in the con-

mission of such crim3.ra.b acts,

Some of the more S n % e x s s t f ~cases

i tried weraa

H a d a a s Murder Fa.o%c;tryCage ('united S%.a-kesv, liLS.aJ.a,

~ 3 % ab, l) o p i n i m DTAWC, February 1946, Case Xo, b2.-h49], iri

which %he accused were charged wit2 k i jbbing several h m & ~ e d

n a t f o ~ a l sof other United WakTons en the course 9UIhts

operaifon of euthanasia ilzstltu%$on,

Russe:Lheim Case [Unfted S t a t e s v, Hwtgen, st a%,,

opinion IXTAWC, Sep%embsr I,gk?, Cass No, 12-Ikg7),

involving t h s k l l b i n g of several American airmen i n a

populated a r e a by a mob. Two of t h e victims of t h e mob
action, although thought t o be dead, through an a e t of'
Providence escaped from a wagon loaded with oetensibly
dead bodies during a second air r a i d a l e r t , scaled t h e
cemetery w a l l and survived t o t e l l the s t o r y ,
Malmedy Massacre Case (United S t a t e s v, Bersin.,

e t a l e , opinion DJAYC, 0ct*ber 1947, Case No. 6-24), i n

which 73 members of Combat Group Peiper, a u n i t special,ly
organized from elements of t h e 1st SS Panzer (Adow Hitller 1
Divisim, k i l l e d several hundred surrendered American
prisoners of w a r during %he Ardennes Offensive i n December

1944, This w a s i n accordance with instructions given by

H i t l e r during a two hour speech at Bad Nauheim t o h i s
hfghest o f f i c e r ~ lon t h e western front?, including General
Dietrich, Commmding General of t h e Sixth SS Panzer P3Ply
and who was one of t h e accused, t o prosecute t h e counter-

offensive by applying such terrorism as t o spread fear

and panic among t h e United States Forces.
Superior Orders Case (united S t a t e s v, Stroop, st al,,
opfnion DJlawC, September 1947, Case No. 12-2000)~ involving
t h e execution of a common design t o kill. surrendered h e r i s m .

airmen throughout Webrkreia X I I . The m,,cueed ranged from

Lieutenant General Stroop, Higher SS and Police .Leader af

Wehrkreis XII, down t o and including t h e t r i g g e r men i n

several incidents of auch i l l e g a l k i l l i n g s .
 oases incrada 'the Dachau, Ikubhawen, Flossenburg,
Other ~~xmuaL

Buehenwdd, m d .Nor&llawen@oncan%ratl.onCmp Cases (Urrfted Stakes v,

Weiss, eL ax,, op:lnion MAFbG, March. 1946, @s,sa No, 000-39-2; Unlte&
S t a t e s v, A%-tafuldiaeh, e-G ,
d.,opinion WMC, February 1947, Cma NG,
009-50-5; U ~ . i t s dStates v, Backer, at aX,, ~ p l o i o1X.TAV6,
~ May 194'7,
Came moo OQO-50-46; United. State8 v, Ma.ldi%ick,-,et do,
opfnlon lXA.Fd6!,

Noveiber 19b7, Case We, 000-38-9; ~ n dTJnitad.

. Sta%ees 8 , An&~ea, at el.,,

op9n90n .QT.AWCd, April. 19&8, Case No, (390-,5(::-9:'',7, ssspscr.tl . ~ o l , y,g 2s a

representative caxneentration e m p cme, the Ruehenwald @ass ir'Lelu&ed.

as accused Higher 655 asad Police Leader, SS L i e ~ ~ % a ~ aGeneral.
*.t~ Josias

Prince zu kJakdeck and 30 other a.ce.used, m.uz.qy 02' wham xere pr3:ficl.paI

members of the staff" operzting BuahenwaLd and its soores sf' s%eboamps,
Ab% conceivab1.e forms of killings were ~xt.f%izsd,5xxlr~dfng s 3 0 ~ t f z g ~
hangin.%, inJse%%az, sRrajcl&ak1m2 beaking, kiekfng, 4 a 9 p ~ ~ s s s m , "

,
~urgicaloperat icn, stmattiong medical emhrixl91bt Laclr ~f'm@hic?aL

ahb,entian pad e x h % ~ ~ s t ifrm

o n ovsmrark, R%ls.a,bBe.%"2&ur9sac.6 racori2a
r m e t %:he*
as to the %t:m:i ~ v ~ b evho deatths LnDthe various con~az%r~,%i9ao

c8np8 %-ere2r?% a~aJ6abL.e~Eicw~srer, th.e &ea%k I c a f e w cf the %WQEP

!ae;?.
c a p s were @a% s 5- 9%approxi.moately 1Q03
OOG, ?~J:OB k rr cmsl..tresbLs %;pe8

~ sqs.rj.xents vere p m r ; t Tsed, jnc bsjd,irg c.cad %?a$.ex exg.$r5rme~,-b~

o? a66 %a1 a

Precz frtiq ssrparf~ee:~%s,

C;xll;lercr~Iar.mid- u~a?~mTa:
sxper5neribs md ~QXUKLY~

exper5men r x r?8Z1Btl:z;,Ged
~ ~ 1matt8~

Samo~gthe trfabs 642 asa.*aed and approxi=-

yere 222 eases i.~?,~ol,~rLq~
mt7ely32h4 dlmeriem ~ ~ t l c as
~ d'morn
s 81~"Ll.m,These t r 5 . d ~are
 exclusive of w s a t r o c i t y cases i n whieh an undetermined number of

American nationals were v i c t i m . In addition t o the nwIllber of v i c t i m

above mentioned, probably hundreds of additional American victims were

involved i n these cases.

- During t h e operation 489 cases involving 1672 accused were t r i e d .

The r a t e of completion of w a r crimes t r i a l s i s graphically s e t f o r t h

i n Appendix X X I . Eight w a r crimes tribunals were i n session simultme-
ously at the War Crimes Enclosure at Dachau dming the mador porbfwn of"

1947* While the marked increased r a t e of completion of trials during

1947 is t o same degree assignable t o the f a c t t h a t a vast amount of
investigation and apprehension work had t o be completed before e-o.se.n,
could be referred f o r trial i n large numbers end t o t h e fact that a
greater number of personnel was made a m i l a b l e f o r the mlasion, it was
p r i m f l y assQnable t o the centralized operational control of a l l
aspects of the operation during the t h i r d phase, including investiga%ion,
apprehension, and movement of Individuals of war erfnes inkeraat. Also,
by such centralization many d e l a ~ sand dilf"$iculties i n a p ~ o i n t l r gC O W ~ B ,

scheduling of t r i a l s and arrangfq therefor were sv.bst<mlially elfmlmtad

by holding a l l t r i a l s i n the W a r Crimes Encfosuse at h c h a u gtnd by the

assignmeot of o f f i c e r s t o the W a r C r i m e s Group f o r c~ontinususservies

LI. ll

on w a r crimes tribunals,
However, many operational d i f f i c u l t i e s were encountered, e.g.,
the f a c i l i t i e s at Dachau did not permit of appropriate segregation of
auspects and witnesses. The technical b e r r i e r s and r e s t r i c t i o n s on
moving t o and from other Occupation Zones and countries oreated by
regulatiom imposed by United S t a t e s and other k e u p a t i o n Forces con-
s t i t u t e d a vary severe impediment t o t h e procurement of witnesses from
countries of western Europe and t h e i r movement t o Dackrau. Paathetical-

ly, it should be mentioned t h a t at no time could investigations be made

i n o r wi%6esa'es obtained from R u s s i a , meas under i t a contrcl, i?l: from

Rwsian dominated countries. Similarly, the difficul%%esof @oordln.ating

war crimes aet%vitTasw-fth Czechoslovakia gradual& i m r e w e d , No

investigatfom could be made thcrejx dwbe %he %bird fiam end. n e s

t h e end of t h e trials program it w a s nearby fmpoasib%e t o proaws

witnesses therefrom,
Set fort;h i n Appendix XXII are. data as t o the eases t r f ed ahowing

t o each, the case number, the date the trial wm completed, %he

names of" %$a perpetrators, t h e sentences imposed, and the sentemee as

azproved,

The ~ m f o u sgavements whose n a t i o ~ . d awere 9avo1md %E victim

fIs mass atirocitg cases were invited t o sent3 o f f i c i d observers t o

attend such % r i d s o The UlWCC was d i w q s fagritj~dt o send on@L?r fvc?

o f f i c i a l cr'beem~:ret o a t t e n d the mare iqortan1; trials,

 A. General:

Consideration is given herein only t o t h e l e g a l principles

aa developed i n t h e Reviews and Recommendations as t o records of t r i a l

i n w a r crime5 caaes aa prepared f o r stibaiseien %o t h e 3s.aiewing
Authority.

Any examination of t h e legal aspects involved i n t h e t r i a l of

w a r criminals requires consideration of the applicable l a w and pro-

cedure. Except f o r a few cases t r i e d by Military Commissions srt; t h e

outset of t h e program, all caaes were t r i e d by specially appointed

Military Government Courts, separate from the courts trying offenses

against the occupation. It w a s directed by t h e J o i n t Chiefs of Staff

i n t h e i r directive 1023/10, tl J u l y 1945~t h a t such courts should8 t o

t h e g r e a t e s t practicable extent, adopt fair, simple a d expeditious

procedures designed t o accomplish aubstan%fd j w t i e e without t e ~ b n i -

aality. The propriety of instm6tiozaa of this ~ P z a r a t e rby the execu-

t i v e branch of t h e government w a s u ~ h e b dby the Supreme C o w t o f %ha

United S t a t e s i n t h e case of In r e Y m s h i t a , 66 Supreme Court Reporter

340,
Some general. aspects regarding procedure i n MiLitary Goaerment

Courts were s e t f o r t h i n T i t l e 5 , t'Legal and Penal Aaminfstration" of'

"Military Government Regulations, " published by Headquarters, United

S t a t e s Forces, European Theater, 30 November 1945, hereinafter referred

 siuxt1s.r impart, The regalatiom of 30 J!Joven&sr l9&5 wero s q s r a s d e d by

'The proc@t!urefor Lhe t r i a l of cases l a i d down 2~ th684

rule@may h e modified Lo ths axt~dit)thb,"., aerkain stiepa
in %ha LsEaX m y be c~mf%tad.or a b b r ~ a l a t ~ sss d X ~ n n gas no
rights grmt,ed t o the mewed me dieregmded, Qsni% ,,
s t a t e m ~ ki ~n~parti
: e u l w m?y f1:;9q~'~@~t&y
be om.i*~t~~i~., RO
graatsr f ' 6 m i % y %lii is c~ar~,siatant
=with a complbote m d
fal'i- h a r i r g annd.6~%heme8 x?;tlss i s Beairable and tho in%rcc-
d . ~ ~ C k i b<
n >
~ OI
C?.:@&$BX fgmll%tf
"~~ @B from %ha 2: ,.r:::...~,r
f:: ,GC.~:;'
M&~f-d 02" %ran Lr9a.I &dee b,a~s6.therecm fn disi~05(3~%ed.
sxcsp% whase specWfcn;l..$y raqulred by these rrd~~e~''
( S s c t h a 5-352)

wThe pacsediags shall. 3~:b-L ba ln,~&fdat~psd,n or ,=y $?-nd?kg

z asapprosed, f a r m y emc3y QI"omiaxf on,
or s s ~ . % d ~ df
teahnlc~Xn.r o%herwise o a o m . % t g In aach p ~ o a s dPf G ~ ,
u d a s a in %be oplnf PZI of the Revievi:ig Aukhvrf ty, &ter
~ x a x a f n ~ of
~ ~%he
l c ~sntlWe
~ r a ~ o r d , 2% &all appaiss
%ha% the brrc;r c r r ~ ~ aa?s fh m sasu2,ked in Sa4jua%fc,eto
%kt@ a ~ ? ~ a n a(Sac%ion
il~ 5-59]

c m 8 s [See%iam5-390 $0
sam hnr%m~ 5-351h8 ~ ~ ~ l k l s i fTpiet ,l e 51,

cont;@p%to be kept in In2na

A $?;ljnd.a@~7t~a3 in ~ ~ m i d @ s ftha
% legal

% ridsis that the appBSeab2e l a w 3% i n t e m a % f o d a l

a.spe~t-saf' w7a.r ~r5am1

l a w and no% hmx-i~m.or I3rS.Gi~h~ ~ u n i c I p aG$P ~ I I L ? ' ~lawo

,~ Likewise, t h e
 r u l e s of" procedure and evidence applicable isa Brf.bieh ma Aulerism

musliefpaL crimfml proaeedims are no% applteabbs,

Manuals f o r %lie t-rial of war crimes c u e s -were issued, the most
recent, of which was ?Manual f o r T r i a l o f l a r C:rfaes wd Rebated Cases,"

15 .July 1946, as amended, h e r s i n x f t e r r e f e r r e d t o a8 the " T r i a l Manual'"

QAPP, a),

B, Conven-bions:
1, Ck*,mm~,)3Pr-x cir~e-r r j l ~ The
~ ,
B of~g:~@$~~?;;~~ignt-a~~~.,~,2,~,23;~~4,4r

wax crimes *;rials provided ins-tmces of ixlterpretat71".r3nand enf'urcemen%

cf conventions on i n t ~ r n a t i o n a llaw,

Article 63 of the 'Prisoners of W a r G ~ n ~ e ~ t iwoa sn TntqerpreGed

i n sevsra2. cases, That article provides:

wSen%ence may be pronounced again& a prisoner of

w a r only by the same c:ourta a d acoordf.ng t o
same procedure as In %he case of persons belonging
$0 t h e m e d f o r c e s of the detaining F f l n . 1 3 r ', "

Concerning t h e coua%ention by some aceused that %hey mere prisonerrr of

w a r and, as anch, enkitbed t o %rid.in ?,:cia ..;me mrfli-t;my c;omts as

American mflitzu-y personnel, it w a s con.c.buded that Art.ic$e 63 z l p ~ l i e d

only t o a aent-,ence pronounced waisst a -prlsora&r. oP w a r for =A oRfen.s~?i

commik;ted while he vaa a prisoner of war a d dfd not apply t o a aio7 L- i o n

of %he %ax of w a r committed y r i o r t o h l a sG~Aamas a prisoner o f w a r , 48, 49

c.we a d t;raatment, of prisoners of w,w, w r e anforcsd in a case 3.22

whwhioh two l e a d e r s of a prisoner of war c-imp [ a t a ~ a g ) , i n which s e v e r a l

hlmddred American prisoners of" w a r were detained, werd t r i e d and eon:-

vSe.tad, 5 0

The view was 8qxesaed i n -bhe 3uche1sxahd Case %hat t h e

 2, Geneva.,(Red Cross] Glonven%isn-
of 21 ~Ftl.,y1,9290 In a
ease involvYng the denial of proper mesdical aid- asad atterntion to a

a d i r e c t v i o l a t i o n 03" A T t i ~ l bI. of %he Red Cross Conven%fon we,q

or s 9 f l l e g d "per ea and that it

n~cm@nXW wegs n o t e m o r for &he Cow%

--
Hague3 Conmxation No, I
-T-
o- 18 Qatsbar 1907. Following
f -

the d m i a f m. of %he B Y D n t ~ ~ i aMil.Itary

t i ~ ~ & T r i b ~ W ,~m~mbe!rg'?,

Voltme I, pages 253> 2349 it was held t h a t 1%WE& no d @ f a ~ a.bo

e

B E L . ~ O ~a
B% w a r ,
55

Article 23 of" t h i s oo~gresz2~ioa

yroh-PbT.te, 5m3ng c i t h ~ rP,h-s, ths im2

was held that accused wbcr rafaased the Rad &orus e m b l b ~%?as gnf 2 % ~

z g d i a l e , 52
of ~ - f o l a % ~tbts
(2, ----- Part.fcuS.m% 1.
Cslar~'%a
-
Ths p r i n e i p k of lesser 9mlu.ded ~ffsnssw m app1%(~1? the fa
an moused p a t i c f p a t e d in Gh9 k f L 1 i a ~ f ',mi h e r i c m f l y e r after h~
had beem t&n in%o ~ % ~ t oas
d ya prfs0~09"QP TEC, The evidence e~5t;etbc-
 lished that t h e accused shot the f l y e r three times with a, small
c a l i b e r piatol, but other events intervened p r i o r t o t h e victim's
death. %Thef l y e r l a t e r met h i s death I-6-r probably discon-
nected with t h e ahooting:,and under c i r c m t a n c e s where the proof
f a i l e d t o e s t a b l i s h t h a t death would have r e s u l t e d from t h e gunshot
wounds alone. The accused w a s convicted under t h e cKrnge 'and partieu-
lars as alleged, In conformity with the Review and Recommendations
only s o much of t h e findings were approved as involved a finding of

g u i l t y oS.icm-assadt with i n t e n t t o k i l l . 54
Some accused who participated in t h e operation of concentration
camps were not t r i e d with a ntrmber of other accused under c h a s g e ~
bottomed upon t h e theory of common design, discussed i n VII,P, post,
but separately under s p e c i f i c charges alleging t h e i l l e g a l k i l l i n g of
a s t a t e d number of concentration camp inmates i n or about a s t a t e d

month. Proof i n a few of these. cases established separate i l l e g a l

k i l l i n g s on various days of t h e month alleged.
Two novel questions sometimes arose i n t h i s type of @me, i , e , ,
(1) whether t h e charge and t h e p&icuJl%rs thereunder alleged more than
one offense where more than one i l l e g a l act was involved, and (2) the
l e g a l significance of t h e admission of evldence as t o t h e coztrrmtssion
by t h e aceused of independent i l l e g a l a c t s not withio t h e time alleged.

It was held as t o t h e f i r s t question t h a t only one offense was

alleged i n t h e charge, i,e., a violation of t h e law of war.
55 The opinion

was expressed t h a t the p a r t i c u l a r s under t h e chas@;es u f f i c i e n t l y apeei-

f l e d t h e criminal act8 and i d e n t i f i e d t h e time, t h e place, and the victims,,

 Concerning the seeon.d question, it, w m held that the admission

of evidence as t o s e p a r a t e independent illegal m t a n o t covered by the

allagatiom doas not, i n ez-nd of i t s s W , c o n s t i t u t e g o u r d s for dis-

approving findings of guilty i n eases where there is sufficisnt evidence,

axeXusive of that relating t o such indepamIe"6; i l l e g a l m t s 9 LO swtain

the, findings of guilty ae t o the offense charged.,55

D, ---
courts:

The 5 ; p p l i ~ S b l eproc;edwe req?.lircl*da m5n55m~xnc)f f Psa m~mbers

tc sit on a General Military Government Ccuzrt epeaially eansLit;?lCed ~ G Y

the trial of w a r crimes eases, Hormver, the pracadure fmGher prcv-S.ded

t h a t i n the event a member, on 22eeoun.k; of mavoidable absarice, misssd

p m t of the proceedings the president % ~ i % iaaum

i" such l-lmfbex t>oread

the record of the proceedings had during h i s aben-e, The view was

expressed t h a t %he temporary absents of o m member cf a % 983 Cow%,

vho r e a d the r e c o r d of !-iiocal%dingshad

tl.,~ d u r i ~ eh i8 tibse~ce, d l d net

The applie ab2.a prsced'us:e provided Pox t3-e %ppo.int7rnen%

c>f e;, lllga.l,2%y

tra5ried officer &Y a member csR *,he @o-u%, H o % r e ~ 3 5~

r~ ~ f omf t3,16 & c ~
.

t o h i m mllagcns to thcsa of the 1 a member

and respo~afb-fl.%,t:l.ss ~

gsfieral ccwt,s-mgdia1, 3% " ?Id f h ~ t?tb

f f ~ i a , f.0
~ eappae'at a

% O the a e ~ m e d .5, 7
l e g a l l y t r a i n e d of$isar d i d not1 result -in inJw,Gh~".d

I. Wfenses Commi-l;ted P r i o r tr:, Entry i n M a r , 05L6 GT %he

j u r i s d i c t i o n a l questions which arose during t h e course of" the trials
was whether American Military Governmsnt6 Courts have j w i e d i c t i o n t o

t r y a w a r criminal f o r an offense committed during t h e w&zl but p r i o r

t o %he t i m e - t h e United States became a belligerent, The opinfon was

expressed t12a.t t h e courts had j u r i s d i c t i o n over such offenses. The

reason given wars that jurfaaietion of a sovereign ~ t ; a t eto t r y w a r

eriminala is derived from the common l a w of atio ions under which jwis-
dietion t > o t r y war criraim.1~is an incident of the sovereign powwr c f

xa independsat s t a t e , such power is TUGJ. and complete, eicert, T T ~ ~ P F ~

r e s t r i c t e d by t h e body cf' principles comprising t h e ]law of m , k k 2 0 ~ , 1%

w a s pointed out t h a t it i s m i o m t i e t h a t a s t a t e , adhering t o the law
of war which forms a p a t of the l a w of nations, is in-krested i n t h e
preservation and the enforoemnt thereof', And t h i s is t m , i r r e s p e c t i v e
csf when o r where the crime was connnftted, the belllgereney or am-
.
belligerency s t a t u s of t h e punishing power, or the m % f a n a l i t y of the

2, -----
Offenses Committed Outside US Zones of Oecu.a%fc3n0 A --
similar theory was applied t o o f f e m e s @ o m I L t e d~ ~ ~ sUi~ d~ iet eSta%es
d

oesuyled t e r r i t o r y , was impsea

It w a s determined %hat no $im.it;a.JI.%~n

by applicable r e g u l a t i o ~and directives aa to the time or place of"

commission of' a w a r @rimt r i a b l e by M i % i% m y CTeverment C O % I Y . ~55,
B ~ 59

3. Status of B i ~ t i r a s ~The question of whe%h.ar a war crimes

t r i b u n a l had j w i s d i o t , i o n t o t r y war ~riminaL8f o r indfviduaX m t s of
violence against m t i o d s of Allied nations was disposed 0%"by ara
 4H
-wer in t h e aP.E"imtive, The reaaa1a.5~VBB baaed on 4uheprLneSpbs

under international law, jurisdietio~to punish a T,= ~ r i n i ~ ain

a . its
c ~ e t o d g r. agmdless of %he 1:;tE~zlality 0% t h e vfctim,

60

Under thls th@ory, 1% held th8.t; war crimes tsl'b~maabsh e w

oat Ionds2 of com~tl-ieswho were @ obesl~igerc

a, 1 : - i G e m a y , Ragc1.9:d-T
1~

fcr an act, to c.ct~st5-Sutea w a r crlne,

be pxas~&,aL trbfz,, ($1 She act

(3) %he orimfs.al act;mast have been c3mr&t%3d as an %~xidan%

of war,

L h e ~the n & f o n d c%" a c?abs%b-Pgcse~t

e ~ b ma ~ l y~ X Z B v i$ CE:~W.T~;V
f.5

4, Double tT5opardy.

-a-------
d a
Withcu% deaildfag %hat UEQ a c ~ ~ u s eof
ww eyimc -,?.s e~.titLedt , the
~ b s ~ - e f i t . $12f-k;ke Cas.st$$w$:f(n;r;c ~f tiha ?Jr!lj,ad

%t,3,$,es or -Lhe o omoz7, law, Glra_ts ir:?,sr.se"lrg guest 20% ~ ~ ~ g a r d l g2sa

: ~ ~

d a e i s %o s=ihJso%spso5f fad pssscim 1291E-s, e f , ~, 'be. - .-P3the

k i ~ % b glsa Oc%&es 1939. The plea ~f d c u b 1 ~Jeopardy wae de:zziad on

$he grcwd t h a t "ehese w a s a failure G o meat; the test; o f i d - e n t i t y of

. . .. . ., . , . , .
. .

lars under t h e two charges differed as t o t b m of oomission a d as

t o t h e l e g a l character of t h e respective offenses.

64
In mother ease t h e accused had been on t r i a l f o r participation

i n t h e execution of t h e common design i n the Flossenburg Coneentsatfon

65
Camp Case, but t h e ease had been dismissed as t o him under a noble

prosequi. In a subsequent trial. under specific charges of' illegal

k i l l i n g s of oon-Geman national-s i n t h e Flosseraburg ConcentraC,ioas Camp

during specified months i n t h e years 1942 and 194.3, a period of -hime

covereblt*b.f3y;an4i+ke
c h e g e $n the previous case, t h e acewad antered a .plea
i n bsr on t h e ground t h a t he was being placed i n double jeopwdy. Vbth-
out conceding t h a t t h e benefits of the Conatitutlon of the United State8
were applicable, it wap, pointed out that there w a s considerable author-
ity i n American municipal criminal l a w i n support of t h e s i s w that an

accmed i s not put i n jeopardy wtif t h e ease hm proceeded t o final

judgment, r e s u l t i n g e i t h e r i n a conariotion or an m q u l t t a l , It vas not

shown t h a t t h e presence of t h e aecu~leddwriaag p a r t of t h e p r i o r %sf&

rendered h i s defe-e i n t h e subsequent erne more d i f f i c u l t , 1% w a s

held that t h e plea w a s properLy denied, lhddlaussion, it w a s p~$:!.tsd.

orat, t h a t t o have sustained the plea would have required t h e applicsatiom
of t e e W e a l aazd l e g a l i s t l e methoda i n rulSng on a question apparentiy
not well s e t t l e d i n h r i c a n m m i s i p d criminal law, a p r w t f c e t o be

avoided under t h e requirements of TiLle 5.

66
A f u r t h e r aspect of double JeoparG earolt~edfrom a case in which

t h e aecused contended t h a t he had been previously t x i e d i n a Gexman

d i s t r i c t court f o r c e r t a i n alleged criminal a c t 8 which were the sane
 ac-bs f o r w h 5 ~ hhe WB then be- t r P s d under a, charge of pmG5cipa%rEon
i n %he exeeutf on of a eomon desfgn t o s ~j ebs t c e r t a i n 2 +r c; Y-.; t o kLlL.=

i9gsg beatsl~asg
et6 a Tb@ opinion was expressed fn rsv1evln.g the case

-baaat the test of i d e n t f t y of offenses w a s n o t mat, 1% wag o-ult

ga.%zxk@td

that t h e tvo trials d i f f e r e d i n two r e s p a ~ . 0 ~ svS.e,,

, (1) the charge fn
t;he i a s b ~ ~ cm0
~ t , alleged a srio%a%ionof the hay of war, whereas, 2% W&T

pens1 code mil ( 2 ) the chmga In the inatan-1; case? alleged partP,sl pa*.S 13~-

In the exeoutiosa of a common desf gn, which b,vobvad m-Gion i n ocxx&r5

- w i t h others, ax element Ia~kiIgin. %he G f 3 m trial., Fw%k~.er~

ac

a m l o g y was dram t o the p r i n c i p l e 9x1 -adi.L~r$~a~lurrielpalcriminal la@

mdm whfch the sac+ at mar be consid@reda,off@ase a g a i n s t two

sovereigns, e g . ., s t ~ t ea d fe d e r d governments, Under t h a t prfiic i ~ l e

an aceused may be t r i e d by both s o ~ e r e i g s%or offansas growiag m A . c f

the a m @ act,
49, 53) 63r 7'4
5, --- CrSm&r19,bs, -Ina number ~2 cases 25 PEE
ClviBfanx as Wa;r
held that Jrhs l a w of urn is addzeassd rick only t:) combakcits s a d p%blfo

F, Ccxrmon ---
%al.gc::

-
1
0 Ck2sra1. Most p a ~ i?e fparf,,s fn the opera-kicx~of oc~xi,ar~-
-t;rs~%fan
eaanps were triad vnder chmges and p a r t i c x ~ l m sa l l ; a g ? ~ gpmL%c;i-
 t o killings, beatings, tortures, e t c ,

The begal charac-teris~ticsof" common deslgn m e i n a l l materia,l

respects the sane a s conspiracy, as the l a t t e r is recognized i n

American municipal crimf.na1 $a$~, except that a pre~riouclyi.wncsived

53, 63
plan i s not an essential elern~nt~,

On t h e principl-e OL victirinus kla,bf l l t y , accused cuml.c-i;ad of

i r i varying degrees according %o the posltiozx heLd, Evidence a s to

i l l e g a l a c t s committed by them, or others at their direcf.ion, was a l s o

considered psrtfnen-b i n measuriag t h e extent m d ~ m t m sof: the* partt-

~ i p a t i o n ',,

2. --
Separate Substanti.ve W i e m e , In several c:or~~antra:tion
53$ 67
camp cases the charge and par%icul$;rs were ehl%e.n@;edon *;he gro'b;~n,ds

t h a t t hey alleged a cornon design a,s a separatts subststl1tiive offense mil

t h a t i t had been ruled by Tribunal 111, Numberg, Gem, in. an order,

July 1
947, that cornon d6>lrpT:i s sot a sepma%(+~
~ u b s t ~ a n t i voffense,
e

It ssas determined i n these eases t h a t the charges and partfculm-s did

not allege a common design a a a sepa-57e subst&fve u ~ l s n s e . 1% was

pointed out that the, a~ctasedwere charged wlth participa%io.r.l i n 3'.h3

execution of a common desigp?.* o i;od"c1~4ssrf bed un.%akf'ul a:t,a and not,

a. common design a~ a aepa;rat,s offsnss,

3* German Bakionals as W : ' C ~ ~ EA~ novel q?nestj%onp r a s e ~ t a d

i n tihe war crimes tzials c o n e e r ~ ~ ethe:
d bsgwll ~ i ~ i f i c a n ct oe be at,tarhad

t o evidelzea, i n concen%ratfoncamp CES~S i r i e d under e w g e s s l l e g f r g

p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n the execu-bioc cf a c.omlc design, s h o w i ~ atha* some of

 t h e victims of a c t s of violence by an accused were German. na%ionals,

I n other words, was it appropriate f o r a w a r crimes t r i b u n a l to con-

s i d e r such individual a c t s of violence i n determining the sx-Lent

nature of t h e p a r t i c i p a t i o n of t h e accused i n the execution of the

common design? In arriving a t t h e conclusion that it w a s appropriate

t o consider such evidence i n determining t h e degree of prntieipatfon of

68
t h e aceused i n t h e execution of t h e common design, it w a s pointed oqxti

t h a t the charge and p a r t i c u l a r s alleged part#iclpation i n t;27_e: execution -

of a common design and not disassociated a c t s of violence 8gain.s-L

G e m nationals and t h a t evidence showing t h a t p a r t i c i p a n t s tcrkt-ed,

beat or k i l l e d German inmates demonstrated the chmacter of t h e i r p a r t i -

cipatf on and established t h a t they, through examp1.e by such actis, eacmr--=

aged others t o commit s i m i l a r a c t s of c r u e l t y against inmates ~ f ~ h o u t r .

regard t o nationality, thus maintaining rwrd f-artbering t h e overall

objectives of t h e operation.

G. Superior Orders:

1, G e n e r a In numerous hTmcrimes cases %he quas%im arose

as t o what a f f e c t w a s t o be given t o evidence shovfng t h a t accl;lxsd,

ir? c c m i t % i n g the: offense with which he w a s charged, acted p~nsum-t~

$3

orders of a superior,

The principle fsllowed w a s t h a t complimcs with superior ortiers

does not e.oastitute a defense t o tohe charge of h a v i ~ qoamm5.t.t.ad s w a r

48, 69 70
crime, alt6ough it may, under c e r t a i n cirsumstmr -1. ; J e considered i n

mitigation of punishment.. An accused who seeks r e l i e f on sucli gruund.s

assumes the burden of e s t a b l i s h i w ( a j t h a t he received an order from

 a superior directing tha% he eommlt t h e wrongful act; ('b) t h a t he

did not h o w or, as a reasonably prudent person, would not have h o r n

t h a t t h e a c t whieh he was directed t o p e r f o m was i l l e g a l o r oontxmy
t o universally accepted s.,andwds of human eonduet; and (e) t h a t he
acted, at l e a s t t o some exben-b, under immediate compulsion, Having
s a t i s f a c t o r i l y established these elements, the amount t o whieh h i s
sentence should be mitigated depends upon t h e c b m t ; e r a d exken% of"
t h e immediate compulsion-under srh9ch he acted,
2, ., Administrative Regulatf ons . The question arose i n a SLWB~

of instances as t o whether or not superior orders eoubd be pleaded aa a

defense i n the t r i a l of a w m crimes ease in whieh %lie accused w3,s c h ~ ~ g f i d
with a war crime which was e o m i t t e d at. a time when. a W~~-&~~S:.~?RL~~I+~

manual provided t h a t individuals would not be punished f o r of""8W88 I

72
committed under the orders or a m ~ t i o nof t h e i r government or eo-d.ara,
This provision w a s merely an atitempt t o make a s t a h m e n t of the law az~.d
i n so f a r as sueh statement was at variance with %he Law it vae of as
48
led signifieaaee, A% moat., t h e provision merol.7 sonstftuted a t~9rnpou--
m y self imposed policy of the 'IJnitsd S t a t e s scnaerning the imposftic:n

of punishment for violations of t h e l a w of .arm, 1% i n no way altered

71
t h e l a w of war. The provision i n quastioszwazr superseded i n ITo~~rnFer
13
1944 by an amendment. which was more i n eo-&oKcmfty wi%h the L m ~f war,

H, Certain Questions of Raspamibil.it~:

1, Adminisjtratfve E e t e d m t i o n of GuSlty h several conoen-.,

t r a t i o n camp trietls, involving e ~ i d e r E eas t o mass e x e c u t i o ~of ilzmattesS

the defense was interposed that sueh executiom were begal inasmuch .w
they were carxi.ed out; p u r s u m t t o executive orders and d i r e c t i o n s , .

most of which emanated from t h e Xeich Security Head Office i n B e r l k ,

It was u s u a l l y eont mded t h a t t h e s e adm-inistr'a'ive d e t e r n f r ~it~ n sof

g u i l t were legal under German l a w .

It was held t h a t it was i r r e v e l m t Chat such exec.utions ma- hzve

been l e g i t i m a t e i n t1he eyes of G e l - i t 8 . v i~4 s and t h a t n~ .v : -.%tion c)f

domes-Lie 3 . a ~r a s u l t e d , The obkigatlon t o be f u l f i l l a d vaa t o eomp2.y

vi%h t h e - p r Z ] ~ ~ ~ i pof
l e s i n t e r n 2 t f onal law, TJnder Int,emtl.omE I.au &a

execu%ioij..:iTc.-!;be preceded by a proper t r i a l and sefitence bg a Legally

75
constituted court,

2, M i l i t a r y Necessity, Anoiher questofon of' f n t e r e s t I.s~vol,ved

m i l i t a r y necessiky as a J u s t i f i c a t i o n f o r B i l l i n g prfsonera of w a x , In
76
reaching a conclusion i n t h e negative, it w . 3 ~stated t8hat., if m.il-i%ay

n e c e s s i t y went s o T a r as t o justif; ling a prisoner o f w m , it would

r e s u l t In t h e d e s t r u c t i o n of most of t h e elenec%ary re8traizlt.y oa 7,;~u-

handed down from a n t i q u i t y and it would permit governments and oommndsrs

delibera%ely -5c conffuse m i l i t m y n.ecesei"s t , s$r&egical, in%l@res';.3x:d

m i l i t a r y convenisn@e,

3. P a r t i c i p a t i o n in. Mob Action,

=
-....-
There ay.5 e r a a ~ l e aof appll-
r;ation of Ghe princip3.e of" j o i n t r e s p o n s i b i l i t y P ~ P
p m - 5 i e i p a d l . ~i~n. xoia

a c t i o n i n bea-blng and ki2lin.1. American p r i s s n e r s c;\f war, 21 t x o s&fZzr

31 11 H

eases $he accused viere charged 11it2la c t i n g Jcin-kly and in con;2icir.r4~cu

wi& o t h e r s in aiding, a b e t h f q , sncouragfag and pmticipePt,lng in %ha

killing of American surrendered p r i s o n e r s of w a r , Tza bokb oases %ha

accused actively gartioipatad i n mob a c t i o n wains* several American

f l y e r s aa they were being Zed Lhsough a tnm, Respi>naibllity vaa

attaehed t o those who incit+edmob action by shout9s and other forms of'

encouragement as well as t o those who did the actual beating and BII.1-

4, I n t e r v e n i w Killer,
-- The princjiple w a s applied %hati one
who i&PioLs a wow-d o r ~mundsOD a vf otlm of such e h m a c t e r thak it i s
clear that; deatjh woula ha.v@resulted., 3n that absence of m g fn-barvenln~
f ~ r e e ,I s r e s p o m i b l s for %he dsa%,h such vir;t,Xtn, even tthougl~t h e

fmmedia&afiweof ,death may be the a p p b i ~ a - k ~ of

l ~ nviolence on the p;rr?.l

of m o t h e r person,78

I, Evidence:
I, General, Neither tnhdrules o.P @vi.dencea s kn,own i n

h e r l e a n municipal ~ r j i m i n a ll a w nor those presoribed for eourls,-mmtfal.

a r e appbieable t o war crimes trials,

The general r u l e s of evidenee a p p l i e d were as fol,lovss

a. ~ % shall In general a h i t
A M i l i t a r y G o ~ ? ~ r n e rCourt

oral, m f t ; t , a n ax.rrd physical. evfd.er?aa ha:~J.ng a, be,wira on the if~s~xea

before

it, and may axekude =y avf denr':s ~ h l e hin f $8 qln50n is of no v a L w as

proof.

b, The c o ~ r GshaJ,L in general require t h e best e v i d e a ~ ?

avail a b Te .
c, Hewsay, or other ev3dene.s deemed t o be of prsba-bive

value or helpful in m9visng a% a true finding, is admissible,

d o Evidence of bad charaot;ex of wcused s h a l l be

admisslbls bef ore findings only when t h e accused has f ctrodrxeed svf d@ncLie

a s t o h i s o m good shasm.tsr /Sec%ions 5-32g9 5-3fjb0$, Title 5; Se~t:~.Soa

 270, T r i a l Yianual, App. xX) .
2. Best Evidence Xule, The procedural requirement t h a t the

''bast evidence available" w i l l be admissible i s not t o be eorfused vl'th

the "best eviaeme r u l e " applicable i n American municipal erfmimX l a w ,

The T r i a l Manual provides i n Section 270 t h a t t h e l a t t e r mLe is no%

applicable t o t r i a l a before a wm crimes t r i b u n a l (App, a).

3. Reasonable Doubt and Presug..c)n n f Innoes~c., While %he

rule i n Ameri@= municipal c r i m b l law as t o reasolnii'ir%stir?u'at. and pra-,

sumption of innocence w a s not applicable a s such t o wex crimes t9xiala,

i n t h e absence of a s u i t a b l e prescribed standard, the r u l e regiirfme

that an meused be presumed iar \lee...$ .,intil. proven guilty a d th3.t proof

of g u i l t be established beyond a reasonable doubt was adhered to ia %he

war crimes tr9aI.s.

4. J u d i c i a l Notice. War erimss t r f b m n l s may q p r o p r f a t s l y
%ake j u d i c i a l n o t i c e of' all matters of common 'knowletjdge i n t h %srritcry
~
50 -
wherein thay axe sitting, For example, thay m y take judie.9ala notice 22

the f a c t t h a t , a s a w a r measure, hundreds of" thousands of Russim.., F'remh,

Polish, and o t h s r n a t i o n a l s were eompul.sorilly deported from oceupid.

t e r r i t o r y t o & m y as slave laborers, The i l l e g a l k i l b t s g 02 thase

deported slave laborers t h r o w t h e concactra%ion camp system i s z;. %EL?

53
crime,

5, 3o
Ur~derthe apglic,a'B1e ruLas

of erfdencs, extr&J.udioial sworn stlatemenks of accused or witnesses z e

admissible I n evidence, i r r e s p e c t i v e of" t h e i r presence o r absence

(Ssc-tbion 270, T r i a l Manual, App. XX) , Further, it i s not required tha-3

 foundation evidence to e s t a b l i s h t h a t swarm, statements, inc; L u d i z ~

those by aceused be offered Lo show that sueh statements were volm..-

48, 69
t a r l l y procured (Section 270, T r i a l Manual., App, XX), The question of

whether e x t r a j u d i c i a l sw$jp-n ~ t a t e n e n t so r ~ o & e s ~ f o w

mere vo%.urhmyOY

whether t h e y were made under ~ i r ~ ~ w p s t a r which

~ c e s might

have induced

a~csusedo r wftnesses Go s t a h nn%rxbhs was held t o be a gues-tlun $or

46
the COW$ .to d e % s d a e ,

I.t ai(tl.s h e l d Lh& axbraj a d i c i a h morn 8 t;at~rna~xF.sOY. c ~ i & @ 2svns

~

by one .%ansad are .admissible in evidsnee agafmt other melxsled, !Tkt%r

concl.usion waa b w e d p r : i w i l y on %liegeneral rules of evT&ence apyli -

cable t o war crimes trials m a e r xfhich m y wide-we deemed t o 39 of

probative value i s admissible. Moreover, an m l ~ wym &am to the

ru.le i n American nwaieipal, erim.ina% l a w W.ar whiah atb extrajud.icial.

confession i s admissible e a i a s t the maker as an exeeptioa to the

hearsay rule. As the hearsay m3.e is i ~ a p p b l s a b l et o war crimes trials,?

- 48
t h e r e is no b m i ~
f o r excluding such e~Zdence,

Je -
Gondu~t
- - = -
of T r i a l :

1, o*$- Gu!lky, See-!don 5-3259 TSP-Lti 5 , provides that

upon a plea of g u i l t y t h e ccmrb w 1 l . l hear sueh ~ t a t ~ 3 m tf) ~

~tkh9
~r

prasaelxtJion and defense and stlch evid6nc:s f b required t:, ewb!,$

it to determine the sentence %".o be irnpnsed. Seo'.,lon 5-7328, Ti%Be 5 ,

provides t h a t a p l e a of g u i l t y t o c?ff snse pmLshabLe by deatlh m y

be -A+e~pte&prov%ded t h e c o w % i s aa-Llsfied from the ~mt-maof the Q%EIFS

t h a t t h e punisheat o f death would be @learJ_yexcessive a d t h a t a Bs~ser

which f s w i t h h . i t s power t o Impose, would sufffcs,

puai~1.lmen.f:~~ Sectio:~,
501, T r i a l W.u.a1, prbvidsa that, while the e e m t m y e ~ t a ra s ~ n % c ; ~ c t
or^ a plea of" g u i l t y ~o~l-bhout
f urther proof', it must racej.vcsd evZdence ti
: .

determine that the plea was not improviderh or q u a l i f i e d ( ~ p XX),

~ ,
79, 813, H.7L.
The rules s e t f o r t h above were applied l n t h e w a r crlmess .t.ri&is,*
82
In one case, however:, a accused wag charged vf%h par%fi=fpa%fosl an %ha

sxetcu%.fonof a oommon design t o s;ubjac'b certaLn peraom to kl$X.qcp,

beatings, etc. atha m:cu~led enterad a q v ~ l i f l a dplea ~f guti15y 02

I't
pax? ic,ipa%fon by having beat,tm I ~ m i a swith h4.s $ads, TnT2,S h e l d -that

the aooeptr3nc.s of %he qualified plea dld fiat fi7-~alid.&eithe proccedisigs,

inasmuch w under the Pacts of that case, no i n j u s t l ~ eresubtsd t o the

aecwad.
53, 83
2, Absence of k c w e d D u r l g T = a , 1% w a s held t h a t

tempcrary absence of an accused from h i s -t;ri,il,due t o f l h e a s or c%>.ar

reason, did w-t invalidate t h e procsediws as long w ha W~,B adrspa"l2y

represen-bed by counsel, It was pofated ou2 tqht7t the apflicable prol:'ed7ni~?

parmLtted of a trial i n absentia and that Martic Bormann %?as tried '-.

fCu was eo3.c.budsd CChat%here w a s no e r r o r fn psm:t;.f fq a trf,,?,tots pr"-

m a d dur1ug temporary absence of = aseuaad.,

3, Sentences, I n t h e absem3 of' s, G L S e
~ :xpress1sn of Sz?,ar~';

tim t o a ~ e n ? ~ m cimposed
e a prior case: the rule, 07ss ~ : p pi le d %bfih.F

a sbr~i~ence
no pk-@sumptian w i l l be Indulged i n favor af ~us%aTnfrg
75
c~xmul.a%ive,

It WE@ held that t h e r e ~ r a sno reason for p~xmitCJ9nga war cr%.nr%mL

aenteneed to death to choose a form of execution less ignominfam

than the prescribe1;mnuer of execution of death sentences by

48
hanging

0
 A, Rev3 w i n g Authoritry::

P r i o r %o the t b l r d phase, the appolnt-,ir! au%horltiea,

i,e,, the C s - d i ~ Generals of T h i r d m d Semn3h U D I L Q ~

SSa3se

P C S Q O ~ & S OF' t r b a l . by m d a receipt ef advice frm their ~+~d.f":h

jadge

ad.voea%es .
35
Seriteneeeainvolvj.ng death required ar~~imatri.r3n
'og %he

Theater C o m n d s r , a f t e r receipt of' rsaomme~.dnat;fom'by the .Xild.ga

Advo-xifk a3 to %he 81C.b:4r in

:=qressddby %he Deputy 9~3.gell~3vocat>et'
36
h i s Review arid Rec;omenhtions,

k n n g the t h i r d phase, the Judge Ad=rosa%eetms au%harl~56.

and dTrae%ed *ss axereise %IT %he pow~rsof the T ~ B ~ + , C~F 0 m - a3
d ~ ~

RevPe~ingAuthority i n eases vhere no d.ea%h sm=%eo~shad b e e ~p m -

no'~ezx;ad. Those in~olvlnga deatlk ae~~%en!:e

vers actad u p m by 3vhe

The n?mbar 06 caeas in Q O ~ ~ P wit"

~ ~ Cvh1c:h
D l i d ~ . I 6 ? 1m.d
~
cases existed on 31 December 1947, This gradual increase i n number
of unreviewed cases r e s u l t e d from a number of factors, including the
almost t o t a l absence of personnel assigned t o t h e War Crimes Group
who had any p r i o r experience i n similar work, the s i ~ l n
1umber of

lawyers assigned t o t h e War Crimes Group with p r i o r experience f i t -

t i n g them f o r dealing with t h e novel questions of international l a w
involved i n t h e cases, t h e unfortunate but necessary recurrent moping
of the headquarters of t h e W a r Crimes Group, thus inordinately burden=-
ing the' Deputy Judge Advocate with administrative matters, and t h e
g r e a t urgency placed mpon the e a r l y completion of t h e other aspsets
of the program, i.e., investigations, apprehensions, and t h e screening
of those i n detention, which r e s u l t e d i n un 1 ~ u a l l ystrong demands f o r
t h e u t i l i z a t i o n of most of t h e more capable personnel on other aspects
of t h e operat ion.
Experienced personnel being unavaCiab12& F'or review work, lawyers
therefor were selected from within the W a r Crimes Group and t r a i n e d OE

t h e job. Following t h e completion of t h e war crimes trials program,

e f f o r t s were concentrated on the reviewing of records of t r i a l , Th@

last Review and Recomm~ndationswas forwarded on 28 April 1948,

IX. EXTRADITION

A. Scope of Mission:

Without specifying the categories or time, the Moscow

Declaration, 30 October 1943, l e n t support t o the prospective

~s.F~LIM?_ f3r firid of" most w a r criminals tc the z ~ r n t r i a si r ~

~.&.4,?4.L

t h e f r crlms were a o d t t e d , In general the g r a t i n g o f e.xkradit$on

a d ~urxandexrequests was postponed by the Comblrbed Chiefs sf S t s f f

13
until dtsr %he e.esssat9on of h o s t i l i t i e s with Gemuany, I?~LLc)w5ng

t h e l i f t i n g of the ban placed on extradit.icax by t h e Combined Chief%

40

of Staff, a procedure f o r t h e axtraditJPon and s-mxender of i n d i t-iav-abs

wantad by other United Nations aad I t a l y f o r t r i a l as war exi&sa.l.s

WEIS established i n September 1945 ( ~ p p ,MI, Few d e l i v e r f e s wdre

effected p r i o r t o 1946,

In vlav of t h e ~ p r e c e d e n t ~ esdc a l e 0x1 which the Law of war bad

been .rrfolated and i n order t o expedite t h e s m e ~ d e rof w a r crimlrial

~ delays which vould of ~ a s e s s i t gbe e n ~ o m t ~ a r -

sslspeets by a - v o f d f ~the

sd f ~ ? " h 9 ~ l ~ i z id.iplomatie
ng c h m ~ b s ,the applicable procedims contem-

p l a t e d that requests f o r extradition and starranda? be accoupliskted on

pressrf'oed % o m m d f i l e d ~ 5 t hthe Milftaxy Governor, US Zone c~f'

84

Oceupa%irm, Gdmany, addressed t o t h e attention of the Judge Advc)cat1ag

who way empowered and directed t o a c t on behaif of the Military

Governor on requests f o r the e x t r a d i t i o n and surrender of w a r criminal.

susps@tsand witnesses t o war crimes, as well %Y on requests f o r the

. .
I . , .

. . . . ... , . . . . . , . . . . . .

taking of depositions o r f o r t h e delivery of evidentl.ary material,

J

i n the US Zone of Occupation ( ~ p p .IX) . This authority of t h e Judge

Advocate wm redelegated t o t h e Deputy Judge Advocate and such requests

i n practice were r o u t e d @ t h e l a t t e r u s office.

85 Although not war

criminals, renegades and quislings, who by v i r t u e of t h e i r high

positions held or t h e i r international notoriety attained, presented

p o t e n t i a l diplomatic l e v e l problem, Under these c i r c u m s t m e s and

i n view of the f a c t t h a t . n o special. procedure w a s prescribed f o r

p r o c e s s ~ e & r a d i t $ o nrequests as t o them, such requests were

handled under t h e procedure prescribed f o r t h e e x t r a d i t i o n and

surrender of w a r criminal suspects.

B, Furnishing Leads t o Other Mations:

A very s u b s t a n t i a l portion of the individuals surrendered

were covered by extradition and surrender requests which were bottomed

upon d a t a furnished t o t h e nations concerned by tihe W a r Crimes Group,

In t h i s connection t h e procedure followed i n processing war crimes

evidence and data which was thought t o be of i n t e r e s t t o other United

Nations i s s e t f o r t h i n Appeadix XIV a d t h e procedure followed i n

furnishing material as t o wanted individuals i n detention i n t h e W a r

Crimes Enclosure is diseusssd i n 8, B, supra..

C, Procedure:

1, Clearances. Requests received were examined t o aseer%air,

whether a l l prescribed information waa furnished and t o ascertafn

whether t h e described crimes constltv.~sdv i o l a t i ona of t h e l a w of w a r ,

 In general, requae't s were not g r a t e d whloh ~g,overed i?adS~ridwtlsWt.Xk6@d
i n c o m e t ion w i t h the American wax ~ r i r n m~npera%%m,Comsq?~en,'r,$y

stspa were not t d m r ~t o eoord.lnatcr?the req~xa-tsv%%h the a g e a ~ f e s

inmediately h e r a h a f t e r indicated m % i P swzh detemiw,fffosx%?asmade,

S m y of Lufomnatisn Fomas @pp, XXIII) were fo~at~md-ed

50

%he &si~-Gm%
Chief of' Staff', G-2, These f o r m , developed over a
perlad of" t i m e , oou%d be used far two pwposese, 4,6,, %or e'i6mance

rcsqueata s ~ fdo r apprehetnslm requesbs,

Inquiries ware m d e of CROWCMS by te$&yye in. ccsarbr Gi?

obtain current information as t o wbat'her Un9to46 Xa%*lonso-k;her %h,q~,

those whfeh h& f i l e d the requeats wanted tihe i~d9vid.unSaf o r ?Y:W

.' Requests hsr01~51q3 ~ ~ ~ f dwho

~ had
a l ?%&d
s high p o l b t % ~ . a Jc, "~. ~ v % %

or mili%~;ry p o s i t f ~ nfi & m y c r Em ons o!? 9ts aU,9es, cobel%:Ega:r-

enDtspor a a % e l p b i t e ~ , which
~~r T ~ D ~ wmt%~d.
~ T P O ~ L..di~f&mL~ 3y %. W:J 02

LdveL

nore YJnit,e;sd M,at.Pong prasen%ed at &a,w% pcttent-,S&L hipL~m%t~5,s

prublem. C l e m m c s in such cmsa wa.9 sought) Prtm %ha la& D.%.;crlsft:a.,

m.d the ccnflfr-?,s of Merest in ah6 L a b % e r category c!5; rSJma,qbe

ddtsrmined b;y tlha C U T I ~ % ~Cowlb,,

O~

Operatfondly, general offfcars and pol%tEc;alLy astiua

9ndivid~laEs.who had. held high. Reich leva1 poa9%9ons %per@ co~sfdgrad

as cordag vi%hin %ha purview of the prcwision of a p ~ l l ' o ~ b bproce6.uq.s

e

75
 concerning high personages. The Legal Division w a s responsible f o r

ascertaining wheiher t h e Office of US Chief of Counsel f o r t h e Prose-

cution of Axis Criminality was l i k e l y t o need t h e individuals involved

i n connection with t h e . y ~ ~ a e e d i n gbefore

s
t h e International Military

Tribunal, Nurnberg.

In coordination with t h e H i s t o r i c a l Division requests in.volv-.>

be - f -
i n g general o f f i c e r s and members of t h e German General S t a f f were not

granted u n t i l t h a t dTviskon had exploited a l l information which eou2d

3.
$7 3ut& i ~ d i vduals.
i

Individuals Located i n AusgLs,,. At tl,, 15-hse-t; of t7he

extradition program it w a s planned t h a t t h e procedure applicable t o

extradition and surrender from t h e US Zone of Occupation, G e m y ,

would be applied and a d m i n i ~ t ~ e r eby

d the Deputy Judge Advocate In the

extradition and surrender of individuals detained or subsequently

apprehended i n t h e US Zone of Occupation, Austria. Advantages from

the standpoint of e f f i c i e n t and e f f e c t i v e coordination of t h e Americm

war crimes program in Europe would have resultad, However, H e a d q ~ m t e r s ,

United Skates Forces in Austria, answered dir~i::i:lg-Lo t h e War =d St,at.e

Departments a s t o t h e p o l i t i c a l aepeets of t h e occupation of Auatrla,

Also, problems which could be s e t t l e d Loeably were d e a l t with by tjhe

American element of t h e Allied Control Authority f o r Austria, Hence,

it w a s necessary f o r t h a t Headquarters t o reserve the power t o t a k e

f i n a l action i n t h e granting of extradition and surrender requests

a s t o such individuals. Every e f f o r t w a s made t o coordinate the

granting of such requests with t h e w a r crimes program i n t h e US Zone

of Occupation, Germany,
 &, Extradi%%mt o Nos-United ha ti or^, JktraditSm-i and
srmrndder rsq&mta in appreciable numbm. ware received from H u n g a r y

and krls t r f a, fn~olvlr!!both %ha.* own m5ionals m d Germans, Tha

direct'ivb, c o m e m f ~extradition and surrender did mt deal, v4-bh

such requerrts a d exp%fcit Smtmc.t;ians wers not forthcoming fxcm

t:Ga War Depatmen:t, Under such o i r a m . % : m , e s athe W.m Crimes Group

pw~u~ d paliay of not g r m t f w such requests by f o m ~ c.obaa_ktger-
%he r
azkf.sof G d m y , axcapt requests co??eri:cg their SVP;II
~ ~ ~ j ~ $2
, ~ ~ ~ , ~ . ~ ,

I ~ a t $ x s o e ewhere t h e request IHPWoouplad 'sit3 com.psI%S~g

c:9 r a ~ ~ t a w i ~ , e s

In so f a r as western Ewopedn r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
m et ~~ ro i~ a~ se r n e d - ~

ooordfnatfoa of the e ~ r s d i t i o nprogram presented QO prob$em which

were not susceptible of ready s o l u t i o n ,

6 e l i ~ w r i e sof indfvldpaals c;feued 7~7erbmads f r m
Af t h e ct~%se%

IndIv8dual, pwpaaed for dehf very, The final d n l f ~ ~eer fw p ~ emad13

in. January 13$8.
The extent of the exbradi%ion program 9s s h ~ graphicalLy
~ & a~c?

i n tabular %om i n Appendix ZIT,

 Future extraditions are limited t o exceptional, eases and staff
responsibility therefor is t h a t of the Legal Division. The records

of the War Crimes Group i n connection with the extradition program

86
were delivered t o the -1 Division i n Februmy 1948.
X , C0NCL;TJSIO~AND RECQMME2DA'liIONS
A, Conclmians:

1, Central, Recording Agency, In situations simlbtxr to %hat

e b t d n i n g in Emtape during and i m d i a t e b y follcming %his way ,shfch

r5qufra +.hat t h e l s g a v a crimes o p s ~ a t i o z s2 ~arfzc: nzt,ir;s.s F,G

, tPfectivss cenb-ral a g m c y
@oardinatad, there, fs a dh-8 need for m

f o r t b e r e c ~ r d i n gcf i-n$"tsmkiona3 t o nm48, phy-sPe& dasrri3?,.l.c,n

and ot.her per-t.inen.6 data as t o vm%ed w o s crimimJ_suspe~tsan&

vitnessas t o w a r crimes, t h e cEsseiir~2;Loacar i~Tixrrna.J%:>=2as to m1.ik,

v=%ed indfispiduals to %he padfnenk agemcrPes ?&'he aaa?,jcn3 ~ a n ~ r a m ~ d d ,

the recording of i n f 0 m ~ 9 o - n,m 6s the i,asl,%l.la%ie7:18

is which such

indf vf &uals m e det,afned, and the d.f asemlmkf SX:. af" such det5~siazl

prompb servics, imeapaetfve of" t h e t r p 8 a113

quality of f a ; l ~ i T S L l a 3

and persora%J, available ts i-t, Sf i"Ls B w d s x i s a ~n.i-iT-h

BIT addf? ia:.%k

be e-qloltod before $bey dis~,iptt$~?d,Wltss_esse,qrn&s",hs iat,3aa-~og,~;'j;f~

 of cases. This work of gathering the sworn testimony of witnesses

for actual presentation to war crimes tribunals is not investigative

- work, as that phrase is ordinarily used, and should be done by

experienced lawyers.
3. Detention. Centralized detention of war criminal suspects
and olnfriendly witnesses to wax crimes from the inception of a w a r
crimes program is essential to the efficient and expeditious develop-
ment of evidence in war crimes cases. During hostilities prisoners
of war thus detained need not be deprived ofthe rights to which they
would otherwise be entitled under the Prisoners of Wax Convention.
Concern as to reprisals on the part of the enemy should not serve as
a deterrent to such congregation.
4. CentraLization of operational Responsibility. Experience
demonstrates that not mueh can be expected from other agencies or
individual officers or soldiers, excluding the surviving victims of
heinous crimes, in the making of "Repe~rtsof War Crimes." It is
impractical to assign investigation and apprehension reaponsibilitiee
to agencies already burdened with assigned primary missions. mfective
combat operations are of such dominant interest to the comanders of
lower commands and tactical units, as well as the personnel thereof,
during operations against the er,emy that it is futile to expect
personnel under the operational control of such commands to receive
effective direction and support in war crimes work, The same is true
as to war crimes personnel under the operational control of subordinate
comtnanda during an occupation period, All aspects of a wax crimes
operation, including the imperativeness of centralized correlation

cantinu.ous reanalysis of evidence prWocv;c.ed.,dictates that there

Be centralized operational control m d Clrection of the mission and
the personnel working thereon, Otherwise, progress is haphazard,

at%ention is not focused on cases of corn~asativemajor $mportance

susceptible of development for successful prosecution, and trials a r e

not held proqtly.

3 a Type of --
Unit, The cajntrlzllzed operational. direction c m
best be carried out through a unit similar t o 7708 War Crimes Group
commanded by the officer having initial responsibility for the Legal
aspects of the operation and the preparatfon of t h e basic reviews as
to recoras of trial. The administrative and legal responsibilities
thus concentrated are euscep-bible of efficient performance, providing
his principal legal assistant and his principal administrative assis-
tant are officers of proven ability.

Advmeed planning, t05atiier 175th the organizix and staffing

of the Jxdge AdvocataBs w a r crims u n i t responsible for-all aspects
of the mission in advance of t h e openip4 of a theater of operations,
Zs essential.
A war crimgs unit cxf this type shou.ld be relieved of a n?aximwn
mount of housekeeping responsibilities and care should be exercised
in advance of m.d during the operation to assure t h a t it receives
adequate administrative and supply su-ppcxt,.
By =.=reemect of nations, there should be a general recodification

of the l a w of war incorporating recognized principles as applied

and elaborated upon i n recent t r i a l s .

29 June 1948

Lieutenant ~olon61, JAGD

Deputy Judge Advocate
f o r War Crimes
 TABm OF FO(YlNOTE F3ZZRENCES

..---
<.-
NUMBER -IGZmmmCE ---.--."..
-.-., "
"
-.
,

1
I n r e Yamashita, 66 Supreme Court Reporter 340.

2 Geneva (prisoners of war) Convention of 27 J u l y 1929, TM 27-

251, War Department, U.S. Army, "Treaties Governing Land
Warfare," 7 January 19h4.

3 "Manual f o r Courts-Martial, U,S, Amqy, " 1928,

4 "Military Commissions m d Pro~rosfJCourts with P a r t i c u l a r

i?::ggw-dt.0 Procedure Inc ludlng Rules of Evidence, " 25 September-

1943, compiled by Adwin W, Green, Major, JAGD, Judge Advocate

Div-ision, Headquarters, European Theater of Operat ions,

United S t a t e s Army (JA-ETO F i l e -

War Guilt, Vol, I, P a r t 2,

Item 1 l . l j .

5 Memorandum., War Department, Office of The Chief of Staff, t o

The Judge Advocate General, f i l e TDCSA 000.5 (30 Nov, 44),
,
subject : "Rmishment of Wax Criminals " 30 PJovember 1944.

6 Letter, Supreme Headquarters, A l l i e d E q e d i t i o n a r y Force,

t o Headquarters, Twenty-first Army Group, e t al., f i l e AG
000.5-2 GAP-A@I, subject: "Procedure on Reports c o n c a r n i x
Alleged Violations of t h e Geneva Conventions, 'I 20 A m s t 1944,

7 L e t t e r , Supreme Headquarters, A l l i e d Expeditionmy Force, t o

Headquarters, Twscty-firat Arng Group, a t al., f i l e AG 000,5-2
GE-AGM: subj a c t : "War Griminals - Eaeqy and Liberated
Terri-t;ory - A l l 3 p e r a t l o m in T\TW Europe, " 7 September 194b,

8
Latter, Ee88d~l~a;rSb5rs, F m ~ p e . 3Theater
,~ of Operat&ons, UnltsG
S t a t e s Army, tz Base Ssctic,..~, 2mm.1micakions Zone, f i Z e AG
000 ,,5 OpJA, szb Jectc "Proc,eu?-~l-e 01.1 Reports Concemfng Ml,sg5d
Violations of the Geneva Convsnt.'ic~~s, " 21 October 2944,
9
Letter, IIea,dquart3~rs, T w e l f t h h y Group, t o F i r s t U a i t d ~
,
Stlates Army, e t al, f i l e O92,2 { ~ - lsubject
), : "Viclatioi~s
of Provisions of *he Geceva Cori~ent~ions and Laws slnd Uswes
" 7 No~cm3er 1944,
of War by CLJC:~~;;.?:~~C~S~

12 L e t t e r , Supreme Headquarters, A l l i e d Expeditionary Force, t o

Headquarters, Twenty-firs* Army Group, e t aE,, f i l e AG 000,5-2
GAP-ACX, subject: "Erocedwe f o r I n v e s t i g a t i o n of Alleged
,
V i oLzt ions of" t h e Geneva Conxrentions " 14 December 1944,
11 Letter, Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force, t o

Allied
- +--"-'
Naval Commander, Expeditionary Force, e t al., f i l e AG

fi000:&;&'- W-AGM, subJect : " 'ECLIPSE Memorandum No, 18,

14 January 1945. i .I

12 Letter, Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force, t o

Headquarters, Twenty-first Army Group, e t al., f i l e AG 000,5-2

GAP-AGM, subject: " 'ECLIPSE1 Memorandum No, 18 War

-
Criminals and Security Suspects," 7 February 1945.

13 Cable, War Depar-Lment, t o United States M i l i t a r y Mission,

Moscow, Ref srence no. WffiX-3302i, i.9 September 1944.

14 Letter, Headquarters, European Theater of Operations United

S t a t e s Army, t o Sixth Army Group, e t al., f i l e BG OpGA,

subject: "Authority t o Appoint M i l i t a r y Commissicsns,"

jjc
19 November 1944.

1.5 Letter, Headquarters, Twelfth Army Group, t o F i r s t United

S t a t e s Army, e t a l e , f i l e 383 (G-1), subject: 'War Criminals, ''
13 February 1945,
16 Letter, Was Department, t o Southwest P a c i f i c Area, e t a l , ,
f i l e A . 000.5 (7 Oct 44) OB-S-A-M, subject: "Establishment
of War Crimes Offices," 25 December 1944.

17 Letter, Headquarters, European Theater of Operations, United

S t a t e s Army, t o United S t a t e s S t r a t e g i c Air Forces i n Europe,
e t al., f i l e AG 000.5 OpJA, subject: t ' E s t a b l i s h e n t of War
Crimes Branches, " 24 February 1945,

18 Letter, Eeadquarters, European Theater of" Operations, United

S t a t e s Army, t o Unfted S t a t e s S t r a t e g i c A i r Forces in Europe,
e t a l e , f i l e AG 000.5 OpJA, subject: " E s t a b s e of War
Crimes Branches," 22 April 1945.

19 Letter, Headquarters, European Theakar of Oparaiions, United

S t a t e s Arayr, t o United S t a t e s Strategic: Air Forces i n l3xropr,
e t a l e , f i 1 9 AG 000,5 OpJA, subjeet: 'War Crimes Int,errogation
of US M i l i t a r y and C i v i l i a n PersonrseP," 28 A p r i l 1945,

20 Letter, Headquarters, European Theater of Operations, United

S t a t e s Army, t o United S t a t e s S%rategic Air Forces i n Europe,
e t al., f i l e AG 2 1 0 ~ 6MPMGA, subject: s ' I a ~ e s t i g a t i o n sin
Connection with Alleged W a r C r i m e s , " 15 A p r i l 1945,

21 Letter, Headquarters, European Theater of Operations, United

S t a t e s Amny, t o United S t a t e s S t r a t e g i c A i r Forces i n Europe,
e t ai., f i l e AG 000,5 OpJA, subject: 'War Crimes Suspects
and Witnesses," 4 May 1945,
22 Letter, Headquarters, T w e l f t h Army Group, t o First United
S t a t e s Army, e t al,, f i l e QQO,5 ( J A ) , subject: "Establ-lsh-
ment of W a r Crimes Branches and Investigations of War
Crimes, " 30 April. 1945,

23 Letter, Supreme Hcsadquwrt;ars, Allled E x p e d i t l o w ~Force,

t o Headquarters, Twenty-first Army Group, a t al,, R i l e
AG 00005-2 GAP-AGM, subjeet: "War Crimes, " 10 May 1945,
24 Letter, Supretne Headquarters, Allied Expeditiamr,y Foxea,
,
t o Headqumt;ars, Twenty-f i r u t Axmy Group, et al, f f le
AC- 000.5-2 GAP-AGN, 31.31j s c ' k 'T~ent~raZ Hegls-kry of War
C r i m i n a l s and Security Suspects,'' I 4 April 1945,

Agreernenk by t h e harermen.Sb of d;hs Unitad States a% &er:lf;a,7

t h e Provisional Clovernmeat cur the French Hepublic, the Govern:-
ment of the United Illngdom and Northern Ireland, mad the
Government of t h e Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, f a r
t h e Prosee;utian and I9xiishmen.t of the Major W a r Crimimds o f
t h e European Axis, August; 1945.

26 S t a f f b1emo 57, Headquarters, United S t a t e s Forces, W o p e m ~

Theater, subj e e t : B'Prosacution of ~ e i i ' - @ r i m eAgaimi;
s
G e m s , " 15 December 1945,

27 Law f o r Liberation from National Socialism and M i l i t a r i s m of

5 W c h 1946 as s e t f o r t h in T i t l e 24, "Military Gover~me~."~
Regulations," published by Wfioe of Military Governmen+ f'cr
Germany (US), 22 April 1946,

28 Letter, Headquart.ers, 'United S t a t e s Psreea, European Tha8%ss,

t o Twelfth .Army Group, f i l s AG 000,5-2 GAY, subject: 'Move-
ment; of W a r Crimes &mch .&o Wl.esbaden, '' 2 July 16450

29 Clrc.,w.Xar No, 256, Wax Depar%men.k, s u b J e ~ & : '%eportlag of

W a s Crlmes and Identif icatfon of flaspeets, 22 August 1945.

30 Letter, Headquartera, u ~ . i t e dSta,tss Foreas, Emopa.m Thaa%,ar,

t o United S t a t e s Forces i n AustrSa, ct al.,, fiEa AG 230
s
GU-AGCP, subject: "Au%horidyf o r @Ivil.iana*CJ Admixxlstar ,

Oaths i n Connection with W a r Crfmds Pnvas-t;iga%io~~~~~

2 ApriL
1946.

31 Cable, Combined C h i e i ~of Staff t o Supreme Haad.quartesu,

Allied Expeditionary Foras, Refarenee: No, KX-18961, 19 June
19450

32 Staff Memo 47, Headquar%ers, United S t a t e s Foreas, European

Theater, subject: "Staff Rasponsibility f o r W a r Crimes
Activities, I' 24 September 1945.
 Letter, Headquarters, European Theater of O-perations, United
S t a t e s Army, t o Twelfth Army Group, e t al., f i l e AG 255
OpJA, subject : "Establishment of Suspect and Witness
Enclosures, " 30 June 1945.
Letter, Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force, t o
United S t a t e s Forces, European Theater, f i l e AG 000,5-2
\ G A P - a , subject8 'Trial of W a r Criminals," 9 J u l y 1945,

Letter, Headquarters, United S t a t e s Forces, European Theater,

t o Third United S t a t e s Army, e t al., f i l e AG 000.5-2 GAP,
subject: "Trial of W a x Crimes and Related Cases," 16 Julgi
1945.
Letter, ~ e a h q u a r t e r s ,United S t a t e s Forces, European Theahr,
t o Third United S t a t e s Army, e t d.,f i l e AG 013,3 GAP-AGO,
subject: "Disposition of Military Government Court Case
Records i n Certain W a r Crimes Cmes," 18 August 1945,
'
. Letter, Headquarters, United S t a t e s Forces, European Theater,

t o United S t a t e s Forces i n Austria, f i l e AG 250.4 GAP-AGO,

subject: "Authority t o Appoint M i l i t m y Commissions,"

10 October 1945,

Letter, Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force, t o

Twenty-first Army Group, e t al,, f i l e AG 000,5-2 GAP-AGM,

suhject: War Crimes Library, " 4 J u l y 1945.

Letter, Central War Crimes Librarg Ifax Crimes Group

subject: "CentraJ. War Crimes Library," 30 August 1 9 ~ 5 ,

Cable, Combined Chiefs of Staff t o Supreme Headqumters,

Allied Expeditionmy Foree, Reference No, WARX-29993,

11 J u l y 19450

Letter, Headquarters, Unfted S t a t e s Forees, European Theater,

,
t o Third United Stlaties &my, e t ab, f i l e AG 000.5 WCB-AGO,
subjec6r n T r i a l of War Crimes Cases," 11 J u l y 1946.

Letter, Headquarters, United S t a t e s Forces, European Theater,

t o United S t a t e s Forees i n A u s t r i a , e t al,, f i l e AG OQO,5
- GEC-AGO, subject: "Coordination of Was Crimes A ~ t i v i t i e s , ~ '
26 October 1946,
'Letter, Headquarters, United S t a t e s Forces, European Theater,

t o Third United S t a t e s Army, f i l e AG 38306 JAG==AGO, subject:

'?Desig&tion of Central Suspect and Witness Enclosure,"

11J u l y 1946.

 L e t t e r , H e a d q ~ a r t ~ e r sUnitmd
, Stakes Forces, Eusopaan Thaa%ar,
t o Third United S t a t e s Army, f i l e AG 013.37 GQ-AGO8
s u b j e c t : " b ~ f g n a t ~ i oofn Prison f o r W a r Criminals, '' 1.1 July
.1946,

Letter, Hsadqumters, Unitad S t a t e s Forces, ktropean Zlhea;i;er,

t o United S t a t e s Constabulmy, e t al,, f i l e AG 383 JAG-AGO,
s u b j e c t : "Designatf on of Prisons f o r War C r i m i n a l s , "
26 Fsbruaxy 1947,

Letter, Headquarters, Unfted S t a t e s Forces, European Theater,

t o Theater Judge Adaocate, f i l e AC 722 ZAG-AGC, szb Jest;
"Inactivatfon of W m C r i m e s A c t i v i t i e s , " 7 W e h 1.94'7,

Memorand2um of WPZC r i ~ e sGro~xpre T , q e s of C;szp%wed Er?erny

Documsnts Desired by Recorda Center, 5 June 1945"

United S t a t e s v, BERSllV, e t al,, opinion DJAWC, October 1947,

Case No. 6-24.

United S t a t e s v, JKTFULDISCH, 6% ax,, opinion. DJAWC, .March

1947, Case No, 000-5Q-5.

United S t a t e s v, METZ, e t al,, opinion IXAWC, September ;b947,9

Case No. 12-1836.

United Statea v, Kbrl OTTO, opinion WAWC, Mwch 1948,

Case No. 12-1182-2,

United S t a t e s .v. HAGZXDOm:, openion DJAWC, Oetobar 1946,

Case No, lZ!-l29O, ,

United St9atss v , WilI.J%CH:J et a l , , opinion IXJdWC, November

1947, Case No, 000-30-9,

United S t a t e s a G L I : P P F ~
a t~a,L , , oplnion DJAWG, Pebsumg

1948, Cma No, E-b&6,

United S t a t e s v, J A O B S , opinion D.JAW3 Jmu~wy19k6, Case

No. 000-Buchenwald-3,

Ua?itsd S k t e s 'v, P32'.mSmB, et al,, opinion I X J A . , January

1948, Case No, LL-5l9,

United S t a t e a v, GOEEBI;I,, et a l e , opinion WNC, A u g u s t

1947, C a s e No, 12-4tr9,

United St,atas v. BRUST., opfnion DJAWC, September 1947, Case

No, 000-lvIautbausen-7.

United S t a t e s T, K u r t CYITO, opinion SXJAWC, J u l y 1947, Case

No. OOO-Mau%ha~en~,!j.
87
60 United S t a t e s v, IZEMMW, e t ab., opinion WAWC, Much 1948,
Case NO. 000-50-5-26,

61 United S t a t e s v. PIRMER, e t a l , , opinion WAWC, February

1948, Case NO. 000-50-5-42.
62 2+ ZTnit.ed S t a t e s v. STIXGLWAGNER, e t a l . , opinion WAWC,
January 1948, Case No, 000-Dachau-1.

63 United S t a t e s v, WEISS, e t al,, opinion WhhWC, March 19lt.6,

Case go. 000-50-2,

64 United S t a t e s v. WODAK, opinion DJAWC, December 1947, Case

No. 000-Flossenburg-2.

65 United S t a t e s v, EECKER, et a l , , opinf on IkTAM,2, Kay 1947,

Case No, 000-50-46.

66 United S t a t e s v. TUNA, e t al,, opinion IkTAWC, January 1948,

Case No, 000-50-46-6,

67 United S t a t e s v, MIELENZ, opinion DJAWC, November 1947,

Case No. 000-50-2-118.

68 United S t a t e s v, SCHKEPZ, e t ab,, opinion WAWC, March 1948,

Case No. 000-50-5-33.

69 United S t a t e s v, STROOE, et al,, opinion DJAWC, September

194T9 Case No. 12-2000.

70 United S t a t e s v. H ~ e$ a l e , opinion
~ , January

DJAWC,
1948, Case Nos, 12-1368 and 12-1369,

71 United S t a t e s v. mDI'S, e t al., opinion. DJAWC, April L947,

Case Moo 12-1733,
18
72 FM 27-10, W a r Department, U,S. Artuy, "Rules of" Land V a z f a r s ,
1 October 1940, parwrapkt 347.

73 FM 27-10> W a r Department, L S, Arrty, 'Qules ~f W.id WaY.%we,

1 October 1940, paragraph $7, Change Xo. 1, 15 Novmiber 1944.

74 United S t a t e s v, KE:PJ, ct ax,, opinion DJAWC, February 1946,

Case No. 12-449,

75 United S t a t e s v. ANDXEFl, et ab,, opinion WNC, April 1948,

Case No. 000-50-37,

76 United S t a t e s v. KLUETTGm, opiniofi DJMC, October 19k7,

Case No, 12-1502.

88
Unitad S t a t e s v, HARG
' m, e t a l , , opinion DJAWC, Septembbr
1945, Case No, 12-1497,

United S t a t e s v. Franz WEISS, opinion D J W , September

1947, Case No. 12-lW3.

United S t a t e s v. JAEGIER, et al,, opinion DJAWC, J u l y 1947,

Cwe N&. 12-2971.

United S t a t e s v, VICAN, opinion DJAWC, December 1947,

Case No. 000-Flossenburg-3.

United Stakes v, ,-OG e t a l e , opinion mmc,

January 1946, C a m No, 000-30-5-34. *

United S t a t e s v. XLE33BE3, et al., opinion DJAWC:, d'm~uwy -

1946, Case No, 000-50-5-19,

United Stat,es v , RUFHACm, a t a l , , opinion DJAWC, January

1946, Case No. 12-2036,

Letter, Headquarters, United S t a t e s Forces, European Theater,

t o United S t a t e s Forces i n Austria, e t a l e , file AG 0 0 0 , ~
GU-AGO, subject: "Delivery t o Other United Natlons and
I t a l y of Alleged War Criminals m d of Witnesses a d
Evidentiary Materfal Hequired i n t h e T r i a l of War Crirne~,~'
13 September 1945,

Letter, Headquarters, United S t a t e s Forces, Euroyaan Thaa,tar,

Office of t h e Theater Judge Advocate, t o Deputy Thea%ar Judge
Advocate f o r W a r Crimes, subject sc
"lhlivery t o O-bher U n i bed
Nations and I t a l y of Persona Accuse& of War Crimes and of
Witnesses =d Evidence Required i n the T r i ' e l of War Crimes9"
16 September 1945.

Letter, Headquarters, European Command, t o United States

Forces in Austria, et al,, f i l e AG UOO.5 (LD), ~ u b J e c t r
"Extradition of'AlEegad War C r i m i n a l s From t h e h a s i c a n 20%
of Occupation, Including Land Bremen t h e American S ~ a t ; o r
of Berlin, Subsequtnk t o 1 flopember l947," 17 November 1947,
 I

THIRD ARMY
SEVENTH ARMY

-- EXECUTIVE
1-- : 1
WCIT'S

I I
UNITED NATIONS LIAISON DETACHMENT
LIAISON AT
DETACHMENTS B AOR

ADMINISTRATIVE EVIDENCE
BRANCH BRANCH

I I I
I
RECORDS PROCESSING APPREHENSION
SECTION I I SECTION I I SECTION
IOPERATIONS SECTION
I IINVESTIGATION
I
I
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War Crimes Group - 2nd Phase - July 1945
 WAR CRIMES
DfilCfiLI 4 EXECUTIVE I=---------- P L 4 - I --.C. ,*c-

I ~ , I
FOREIGN ~n ADMINISTRATIVE EVIDENCE TRIAL DACHAU

DETACHMENTS BRANCH BRANCH BRANCH DETACHMENT

-
I
I 1 I
Operations
Section

I-------
I 1
I
Processing 1 Apprehension Investigation Post Trial
1 Section Section
I C Section
I

Tribunal
Section US Zone Berlin (CROWCASS) I Section C
I

French Zone Section

I

British Zone BAOR

~ b C
r rimes Group - 3rd Phase - July 1946
TABU OF ) HmDQUAKI!ERs
US FORCES
EURogEAN T'Hu!TW

28 October 1946

7708 WAR CRlMEs GRCIUP

T h i s Table of f i l m m ~ e saupereedes dl.previous Tables of

Bistributfan aad Allmmees md ehmges thereto pertaining t o the
above nit and seacind~d 1 letters of authority f o r the issue of
equ9pnent on a loan b m i a t o the abov6 mite
 1, Thfa t a b l e is i n accordance with AR 310-60, and it wfll be %he

authority f a r requisition in accordance wfth AR 35-6540~m d .for %he

fasue of al%Lf%6msf- aqu.fpen%listed berela unless otherwise Indiaa%ad,

Tables of b g m - l &,~-Fion.
---
This t a b l a rescind8 a l l Tabbas of .Baafo f i P o w m ~ s s , Tables of" Eqaf'pmnt,

-z

m-d Equfpmn%>and T a b h a of Distrfbu-bfon

and
Al,lowancm heretofore published except TIE
21, Clothing euEd hdivid.ua1

Equipmentq, so f a r they pertain t o the a l k a w m ~ e sof equipmen% for

the organization qbnd ~.rldivfduabscovered by Ghfs table,

.
in G o B m
-
r
.

2, 9sAlBowmeessp
a;PaerPa appears a elsorepamy Pexween ene a l o w m c ~ ~aaoml
a d Column 3, "Beesis of Di~i%r$buPlf
on a'ad

R 6 ~ k 8 "the ~ Q shorn
~ r % %~ . C0LW.TUl 2 g0B8FIL0

3" I%emof clothing and individual equipment, c~mponen%s of s e t s

m d kits, spare pmta, wcess3ories, apeoi&L e@$gmeat, special tcss%w,

md. ~ ~ ~ ~ b r n 4 mof expendable item are ~ o n t a i n ~in

6es d the

fo%bow%ng

pub$%caLlom,

-
A x A t s Foreea
----ze7--.?--.

A i r @ m p Stock
~ List,

AAT 'Ge&h.Eca.lOrders of the 00-30 Series,

-G a -----

Medioa.l hktart~mnt
--=ea-- --
-
s nB .llsln.sers
S ~ s ~ i Forces
ae
Am>=--

@&d,ogsO EHG 1-1, 2) 3-l3 91=20G g T 3 g3 10 axjl X R .

A%.%,o%smoaaof Expandlabaa Supphf es, llrmy Semf ee Foress Catalog
ENG 4-b,

- MED 1, 2, 3 , 6 , 7 m d PO.

&my Sorvfee Forces @a.t;&cg~,

A L l o ~ ~ m c e oaf E-xpenZlr,'ra'ral@Supplies, lamy Service Foress Cawdog F I B h .

--0rbama ~ a x t..--
=ti&rd
mn-L -
Liats
Nomr?m?-atw@ (SKL), a d Army Service Forces Cata10g,
Qrdrmn~eSupply @a%KLsg,in&@x %o which i~ %he A q y SerHoe Porcss
CataLcg, ORD 2 OBSI,
CL~mfw,Prasesvfng and Lubs%ea%f~sg Ma%er%eaJs;Recoil

P1,u%ds9
~ ~ ~
Ttem, krmg Service Fare..js
Spee!iaP, Oiba, and M f ~ e e b l m 8Related
Ca%dog O R a 5 SNK K=%,
T/A 239 Targets and Target EquLprmn*,
/

-- ria a
Q T ~e mP = ~ ter Corps
---'VT3-
-@~*~%hi d ~ d A ~ Eqw.i~.ent.
d u ~
A$lowmcas crf" XxpsndabEs Supplies, C i r 75, t h i s h e s d q ~ ~ e 27
rs
m y ~946.
G~mponena~s,5 p w e Pmts, Aecesaories and Cantentss 0% Chests, Klts and
Ssta, md other f % e m sf Qmr%emms%er property, Cir 4, OWG,
95
 T/A UL9, 7708.War Crimes Group (contd)

A m y Service ForGee Ca%a.legs, &M 3-1, 3-2* 5-1, 6 $ 7, and 8,

AB 30-2290 Sale of' Qua;r%ermatsrP rope~kyand S e r v i ~ e s ,

sim Corps
Emny Servfce Foroes Ca%aPogs, S I G 3, 5 , and 6 ,
Al,lowmoaa of Eqendab3.e S ~ ~ p p % i aAxmy
s , Serviae Forces Catalogs,
S I G h-1 m d 4-2,

Signal Corps P&ta L i s t s , SIG 7 and 8,

A~xtbc,x~.ze~fl.

AR 3lO-2QO, Mlbf %my Pablica%f oss, Allowenc.,es and Distribu-bfon,

p
C
.-_
-
_
*
l-

-
.
a*
.-
-
--
-
(2lxENIcAL
-- and..Remarks
-
--a
-

G- aerviee9 light weigh%,

~ 3 ---f--.-~----d--~ 1 , &
mG3m
600 - 1 per Xndividual
---%
-m
-.-a-------- =.- P

GwpenntsrsD e q u i p n % , s o t Ba 1, 1

Ck~@rfi%or,
set, por%abla, dfassl
X
are driveng skid mtd9 39-l?X, B27-220V9

3 @
,I ~ Q - c ~ ct: x, ~%90=h.(>O~~
3 ph, 50-eye

Pbard6 :

BBoeB, t y p e 1, &Jm%ableGF'

Jack, ~ 1 m A a t y p TI, irdn or s t e e l 3

Plisre :
a ~t1r.x 8"

~ i a g ~ mcut;,
La& needle nose Gus

Stramt cuttera nippeps 7''

1, par hvefl-bfga%png
Team
Saw, hand, crosscutl, ~ ? 6 8~ point
~, 2

Band, kc9yhsle3 10" 2

SerwwePri.ver, s o m o ~plrtstf
~ 8 handle ::
hn
W
7
& W w
-..
,
%.
F
/[&W
#T Lw --s .a-
Wd.UCl
7-7 - 3 -
U A W W
*n
&C

8" long x 1/16" wide b l a b 6

10" 30% x 6'' wise blade 1

Shears, office, bankera, gn 50

Square, e m p e n t ~ r a ,steel, one 2
piece, 16 x 2bm b%de

Tape, eteel, m.d%riaand 5

us 190"
~ Is clmp, 3'' Jaw

Vise b ~ m - hb3-p~ 2
x h f g opvrlng

Wslder, electric, m e , m%z- &$wen, 1

---~ ~ ~ = t -. - -
---=--
MEDICAL -
% per 2 $emv or f r a c
a -
K i t , $S.se$ a%d, m%r mh, 12-mi%, 11%
-~?-:EE@%L ------=-
-
-
--
z
-
-
%hsreo$, sxoept r n t ~ a l s
-<-

=
---
ORWCX ------
a.--------.

------ --
CarbSrn, oil=. T30, H-2
-=- M@-s,=ea.M%8GdU~~
35
---.---->--=-

For w e :%nmv~me5ef
p r i a o n ~ r aan& 2 ~ Q P
%n~~etigat$ng tam
Clock, rflaa?aga ~ @ n t , M-2
es
2

Pisto$, a.u~'Gsaat%eoa%, ,45 Mb91,SAX 195 1 per axi PO f3r

els%a;l.%@r
mvemni & prfsomera
and 6 fax fnvea%.lgattf1%
,tern
P i s t o l , G ~ L,38,
, S&W Reg, 6
 T/A 111.9, 7708 War Crimes Group ( c m t d )

1 2 3
Itern Allowances Basis of Distribution

Tryclc8

~ - t s n ,4x4 95 SNL G-583

3/kYtmD 8&!1x1me8 3 SHL 6-502

3/4-%0n, C8cR 29 G-5~2

sm~
3(k-h0n3 wc 33 ml&go2
l-4YXI, FC
&-ton3 6x6, o w g o u/o x-ch
4 = 5-597

s 2 SNL G-508

- -
Axe, handled,
L ~ Q ~Trcaa~port

ehopp%ng, single blt,

P
1 per fcmv except comb
-
standard @a&, 4-1.b veh, pass cax & mtrel

(Sm5-6)

Cabi.net, spare parts, &me I, model 2

lf3%Q
k eh, tow, E6e 1
Chain, ~ 1 - v - 5 1 per trk, l$-%one trk

x 7,/16~~af a 2$-tm (SAL M-3j

&%to~,k,handled, pfak, t y p II, 71 1. per %cmvexcept p a ~ s

03baas P, 5-lb car, t r k *-ton & mtrcb
(sm5-61

Rap, %ow, 2QQ long, 1" dim 215 ffom under &ton
1 par
exaep% mtrcl (SNL H-9)
f per fern except comb
veh, pass cas & mtrel
[SITL J-6 )

S@co.n.de ~ h :
8ak WQ,
L, e*Imon

2, solu.lmn

k, b b ~ k & t~llrae

3, o,QT-&0%%~~61b@

6 , battery & charging

79 holf3-b & tm*

. I

--
Third eeh, No b
BQ-~

-w
1

-, ~ a d ~ - ~ Equ3pmsnt
%aa
Bag, cmvaa, fSePd OD, M-1956 600 1 par indiv.
%I=%, pisto% or revaher, M-1936 600 da
Coverp canteeng diarn%d., M-1910 600 do
 108 2 per indiv mined w/
. carbine
244 b per Indiv m ~ w-,/
d
pis to$

609 1 ~ e %sa&, cmBae

- belt, M-1936
Suspemdera, .-- - t E g z x z a % ~---
m~
6QO f per iadfv --
'Eg?zi-~Er--
r;xpIr -1%
----
16kl% 10
Money 4
Ehmket x
b n pwp, g ~ r m f z e dhvy weight
wjo I f p X4c'q::h capaeftg
Canvas, water, 1%-qt

Chest, rscorC! ff b s r

169 , per %rk; 1 &a per

I 3
or
~"OZILV KuaJ f'rade
thexeaf'
 T/A 11.19, 7708 War Crimes Group (oan-bd)

---
Whine, oasmpat$%eg, non-Pfst.ing, psz%able 3

---
and Remarks
b a d operated
h p % Cf B % ~ % :

TJsm a%@no%l p a p r hmd operated 4

8 :K 13"

'BT6d.h~ sLenaS 1 paper m t r dPfsen 1

8 u lZQ9

E?'aualoexEng, autpw'Gfcg 6-wheel 5

& mv@mn%

rd-.r 3-pvn1%drjpe3r4~&ba w/c mry3mg case-

38

::
3!w?k?y-~(~rtab1e
2Zg3 eamfage 179

L9-L" c~arnPagt3 23

TOT

 26 October 1946

O R G ~ T U T I O MOF A 2JUMEilPm TUNDFOR WAR C R F ITSElSQm

u--_U__-_IUm-

1, Efffscs$iue (3001.hours, 5- Novemba? h6, +,ke 77S8 Wajc- C r i m e s Group

IM
urgm l z a d with ini'bial. station in. Augsberg, C ; e m ,

.go Thft5tzlXy the ai~thorizedlstrength will 'be as foU.ows:

Earrant Wf'ioers -.-
Enlfated
&regate.

3 ah@7708 War & i w s G T O U ~W ~ L Icoxmist of d l officers

pseser~tlymeilgaed to %his headq~~mters' for duty wlth War Crlms
Group, 34;~ttp;eMvar,a%e Divisl.on (sxc ep 3aeputg Theatax Judge Advoeata
$car Wm Crima); s d fated prsou~6smsip@dt o HsadquarZYexs C o w ,
PTSE"E2, $or auks ?alth W a r Cr-e Grmp; and aH$ pereomeh asaQned
bkp~ MtW (~LX~IWBb.~~$k&a$3%~ a 2 2 $0 6828 ~ t 3 ~ 6830 ~ to
f ~ g
583fj im1vrj'1ve,~msi 6837 to 68.40 a a h @ 1 u a i ~ e , A d d i t i o d persomel
seqwLred T' 11. be reatxisf tioned tbrmgh normd a h a n e b ,

4 Equipmat r e q ~ r c s dwf bl be from soeaseea pres6nkJ.y available

$0 the M a r Criwa Group thee h@&qu&ers, pending publfaatian off m
~ p p r o y s i a t sTable 02 A ~ B o w m e o ,

5 0 &$%id,rosters wilL be prepared. in acaorihnee with AB &5-90Qp

22 bk,y k2, m changed by 2iaagee Do, &, 22 Jme %c4,
6,, Unit ?&lE be inftiaXXy assigned Third ZTS &my and w i l l be
under %he s$esatfomL @o~%soSL o f %he Theater JuQe Advoea-bs.

BY O m\.iiP~rq 'P Q
- MCTT~BVEY:

8 / George F o Ber%ert
GEORGE F, liEWTR2
Colxma%, m,
Ad jut a t Ge'J~era.1,
 IEPUTY TBEbWER JURZ aDTTOCH'EOS OlQ'IGE

7708 WAR CRIMES GROUP

UNEED m m E"OXCE3, EUROPEAN T m m

APO 178
1 Nove;nabex 1 9 6

ASSIGMMEMfF 03' O R G m ~ I m A L
FUNCTIONS

I, Gen@ra.l, R e ~ o m promlga%2on
~ n ~ d procedures f o r co1l.eetim aria per-
~7;9;aa%ba,yl or mr crims avf dence and r u l e s of procedure f o r t h e trial, sf w a r
crimes fn%~olv3ng American m%fona.ls &~svI~%bPmaBaad maas a t r o c i t i e s c a m i t t ~ d
f n the Amr%sanZones of Occupa%fonin (2e-v and Austria, Operakea %he
.
Ma* Crime8 Xvldence m d Invsstiga%ion Center, Directs d l f i e l d invdstiga-
t.im and spee9ed apprehension work by W a r C r i t ts kvestiga%ing htmhmenSs
and @oord.%mtesthe Bane: with st%ffsectfone 0% Thesatear Heal~umters,CROWCASS,
and appropriate agemies of sther t m d q u w t e r s m d of other United 1 8 ~ t i o m ,
&&nss repor ha of invest3gatioris proawes additional evidence, prepares
c m s e for %r-Ealg mwe9s f o r appointment of tribmaJ.8, r e f e r s eases f o r
tr.%wl., .4aLBr%es nthsr United IVa%%onst o send observers, assigna prosecutors
md defem~eB O ~ S Qmafntaina~ ~ I f atson f o r apprehens f on, detent ioncg~ ; u s t o Q --
1 Tllstiaspg and presence a%trials ~f suspects and witnesses, Prsseautes
%be ewesp p r d y m e ~reooz-cb of tsietb, and Rsvims and Reaomenda,tfm far
%he rsvfewiq-j authority and mfntafnru l i a i s o n w3th execution authoritiaa,
ALds tr&b-s as requested by them in %he trial of the war crimes cases
above mnt%os.edo Grants olemmees on b e h a 0% Theatex C a m d a r for
sx-bradition and rendition of a u s p e t s and witneaees,

Lwofar .as suck salrvloes are no% fmmiskned ky m i l i t a r y comurd-b~,operates

msaas, billets, mld club agencies, and. speclab s e m f e e m t f ~ ~ I t %efthex*
e~,
cm or erf %he P O B ~=plan8
~ supply p r eusd p~r w m s a ,~ 8aBlboaaties and
~~%r~.'b dul ~8upp$%bs9
@s operatea an& main%- all b u 9 l d h g s u%lLfzed bg
Group Eaadq-~wterarmd u%il%%fe s m d squipmsn%therein, Lmludinqj; wire
$milPtfes. @era%@%
csorrnm~mioat6f~ra Group motor pool and motor mabtmm~e
shop, Ia rsspansibke %(OF diaeiplinca, morde, training, m d fnapatlan. of d1
=la and iemls @nllia%sdtroops assigned to t h e Group, and is par~oradly
rssponaikdle %or secg,m%%$ of Gronp Headquar-bers and f o r seew%%yor$ b-&l&Z~gs
aT% the post ran ~ e c t e d ,

l* --Troop
,
SwtXon,-
TROOP EZXTXQX

@h5& of Sestion is W i s t a d Troop htaduue:?%Q o m d e r of a l l m4sae en.$iz a&

persrxnnel, maimed to 7708 W s Crimes Group bid is rsspansib%e f a r df s o i , j b i ~ @ ,
rn>rde, tsaAazing a d fraspaetion of such troops and the r a t ~ i t e m eof recc!r&s
thereon, excepS $OF *9hose r e l a t i n g t o persome1 and payrolls,
 --
WAC S F S G L I Q ~ ,

WAC S E C T I O ~
I

Chief ,of Baktian, %B WAC Tssop b L m W n b O m d e r of" aPL female enlisted

pe~t"s-l on d.aatg wL%h77008 W a r CrIms Group and f e rsspmfble for
dfs~ip91%ne,morals, kea%n9ng, aJbd SaPEcpeotfcm of such personnel wwd m d n -
t e m c e ~f reoords tl~gsresca, sxc~pbfor r e c u r b relat.i.ng to peremel
ma p a p o a u .

MESS .AND CI'B i?iUX'Im

X r ~ s o f wm smh aer'~b.%cea are n(.~+~

f m ~ 3 ~ h ebyd d 1 f . b - c ~ ~ ~ ~ ~operates
m i t r ,
all m.eBe, bill&, Lvzmdry, d r y ~ % u m & gand ~ club ageneis~t,and 9s respomlbLe
far tiLb rspeaid s e m l c s m%iv-itieeEne1,udSng PX, barber shop, beauty pmEox,
end r @ c n b a ~ t l l ~mL3.vS-k
ml f es ,

3'mnPw2 LW such aer-rr9oes m a no% f s a d e h e & by sla4jbl;%ayy c0-i.t;~~ fa

resp~:iiS'b%eicn ep@iOat %OD. and 1.ux.Sn%@m;0 of all b?;a%ldfrigs u-bilizsd by
% 8 $~
Q T Q U ~ ~ ~ f : e ~ . ~ : _ ~ ; g . ~ b 2@XC " ~. w $C&~
? @ ,
~ $ % ~ $ b % ffDm&:.$@a
g, ad. atf P$%fead,:
squT.p~el% f;h@Z'eir::, 2.11~ la&Y~x'g ~pwa%Agn cjf t e l ~ & ~ma @ t a l e % n ef ~ ~ % ~ ~ ~ e e
~ ~ ~ 1n&2.gdr::::3us a ~ ~ I.%box- e a& ~ t a % Lfor s u p e ~ a t i of ,
i ~ Group ,FI:@adg.garb@r~ md.
% s e e p 3m.d..s L%sa:~t,~as s a w and w n % & m appr~~prf 8%9 x e ~ ~ x * ~

Xeapt:~r&ZbBe flar c~p@ra;R.l.c:. .r:" B:?&~QS. p ~ a and

l ~ % O X ~ . , ~ :m % b -
: ~shqp,
~ ~ a , 2 . - ~ ~ Y:
%ena~.as md ~1-9jpd.r c9i. eJ1 Gx.i-?upMCr%v@h$bLe~8~r e.%Tm of' po$f e,ids
o o n c d ~ Ri S~ D % @ ~ ' ~ diapabcb.,
C ~ ~ md w e %hered, m ~ d~eleetim-a d training

all d r l . m r a L k t 3 ~ 8 f ' ~ ~AZTW,@EI

a for a l l % ; r ~ 8 ~ p ~ A8g fos
elt % f ~ B T B - ~
a%
G-:mp W : e ~ , a . d q ~ ~ ~ r ~ o'kher % h a tramporb ,wsigmd to Group,
lap%mema
 personnel. f o r Grou-g, i n i t f a t i o n of a l l perlsormel actions i n comecticm there-
with, m a b t e m e of records thereon and payment thereof', Receives, eEassifiee,
,
roantea, and dispakehee a l l o f f i e i d conum~nications, reglzlatiom and dfrec t ive 8 ,
Furafebe mail and mssege center servies and arranges f o r or operates necses-
smy eomier services, MaIxbtai.tmffles on oorrespondeme not relating t o
specific war crimes epeaes, Operates non-evldentiary reproduction equipmsnt
and pablTahss at1 Group d l r e e t i ~ ~ s ,
1, ParsomeL Section,

Proeolrse, prooeeses and @laslgmd l milftary, Awriaan civP1fa.n and wn-

indigenow c i e l f a n poraoaansl f o r Group, &ht&ns offfcar and oiv%lftxn 201
f f Pee and enlisted personnel records, Iaftiatea all personnel a ~ % i s n ~
%no1udi% a ~ ~ f g m e n t sp ,r o m o t f ~ ,recWeificatSonso dependency requesrts,
awarlla and 3ecora%fons, transfers, leems, furloughs and dcmotfom, Prepares
. payrolh br.;d pay and al%werncs vouchers f o r all military ead of v i l i a n pr-
soaanel and effbets papmn+ t>hereofo MMntaim sick book f o r officers and
csiviUans and prepares n m w
r report f o r all milit- peraomm%, Ps~ues
PX, o l ~ % M nration,
g and fdentWir~at9oncart%,

0 lulfscesllmeom Ssctian,
w
--m-CITS SErnION

Receive~,seglsters, o h ~ s i f i l e sdiapa%shea,
~ and routes a l l & f % c f d c m -
- reprodnet% equ3.pnto Maifitaim deafmal f3.108 .
eatf a s 6 Opra%ssGroup M a % Roan, message center, and nm-exidenti my
k3nta.h~ ffl e s at" md
effect e etpprsprf ate des%r%butionof axmy pubabf oat3ma and scbaguh%ims,
3gubPfahes d P g r o q dtree+.Emeo F 1 w courier serv3ees and operatea the s a w
B maintdxm 0ff104 euppllle~f o r Czoupo
when neaseaary, B @ q x i ~ f * f ~ nand
1

mcbm amnm
Recefrss, reosrdrs, &yzas, twd sorrehtebs a1 testimony, d w m n t s , records
,
trial, p t f %%om, e t e , m d rou%es ~ a m ewithfn Group, Serae,s aa !l%ea%ear
depoaitoq fw tom, apra%es W a r Crime M b m e and hvestiga%fola C@n%@ro
f w n i ~ h e sGroup %r-Xation servise, gathers captured ezm~~~y daes-nts,
operatee Group evident%- reproduetfa equipen%,

ReeeAvea, rsoorba, cLm3sflies, analyzes, and eorralates a l l sworn %a%atfmony,

dosma$s, s%Ber evTdlemts, records of %r%aR, Petftiona for Re~iewand P e t f t i a ~ a
, cmes to which thw relate, Rm%esdl.such %%ems
f o r C1em64my e%e,, %a%%h
 -- <,
se folld5r8 wftFdn %he Ckomp, &n%afm appropslats records of B M C ~
k.e\utLng, f'waskies nm;Flser:ra;@ra @ r ~ lfor
~ e %ha% purpose wiLhin Group
Ea %dq,ua%@x;;,
2, Docm@ctsSect%m,

a
-
-'

--
D m 1 --
8 SEEPICIN

Snfl.t$atee p r m & % b a$" ~ o c 6 C l u rfor ~ ~ ~0l%@c-bfon m d prpetm%ia~]. of war

cs9'ms a.vfd s n c e .w5&spacial ag-grehemiom Dfrecta operatiand% mtf W%isaof
n~~mberad W,te+tZ;@red.d.~Lae:lnwn%s %sr, such work a 0 o a o ~ d m t e satme w%%h
B'LCJTTmee$Q:x:~ 01 TheatJer &her headqp%&,6r~and ag@ncias, Pre-parse
Mm%;sd2epdr-L~8~1.6.$2 Pea me FLW w e l l rn Wb@n%ion Repor'bs Wbh C R m C B and
TPM, PlIn,i,.a%s%ns kia;ia on. w!.&$a .3gen:. f es f ~ ~ r ~ ~ p k ~ @ h ed@%@n%f
m $ ~ f ion,
~ ~ cw%ndy
a~:..d. b%Plskl;~u~ 02 m ~ w a dand 1a7;$2.k~n3~8@~ % WELT Crime8
2 2 L%a@ir~ V Q ~ R E to
r e DJr,.act;a t;ruf4rg M C ~ B C %sod d i a g o s f t i a of, and gx&tla
tr.ls,wmc es $e r @Y&I?P~LU$%,D~~, or res~dLt+ii~, of s%mpa'bamd ~tnessea, Grants
c ~ B ~ E ~ X J & E ? Bf ~ ~
r @ X 3 3 8 . ~~3f
g ? ~kh8.T'@3~~69@8 O % ~ Fu ~ a b dfl8%%CX!EJ'ej0
k~t-es~.'i.ekr +rint: er~~-igat@ e w p c t s sad wi'bzeesee,

sfo any,
~ O Ep;% o r % t ~ , bi
Wej'~"h~f .%hie Saf:t%r,m l a bfmibsd eoLely to S O O ~ ~ . X ~ R - ~ , :of
beb2mp8d t n be .mcessary by B ~ @ ~ t 9 , g a %Saction
fo~ fn ~om$a%ion-with %nve[rtS-
ga%,iona, and pric>x0j:t1 . e ~beU.@~md ,
%abe m.eesssmx, if any b,y AppreBsmf on
106
 Go Do 3, 1 ROT 46,

Bes~tfon, f e ~ e e t i m
with special apprehensicm wnd body mommnt actionsD
and main.%a-es of a)latistfes ~ E I t o work laad of nunbered d e t w w n t s and
fn.l%%a%fonof change of s t a t i o n thereof when desirable,

Prcqpres and P i l e s Ww%aB Reporbs cm wanted ~ u a p e e t eand w i t n e s s ~ aa~ d

b%enS'i98Bbp0&8 oa thoee in W a r Crfmes Eneloearre with CROWCASS and T.33,
Ma3n.t~l na - m ious r o s t e r s af t h ~ s ei n &03hosura bg use of' ll? Shee-be,
Resprsseu-bs % h U Group a b e e " of Theater C-der i n extzadftioas and
r~l;.d&mmttg~re;&ante ~ b e m m e sfor t h e release of auapee%~a d
witn@sees from bS.aeme, and de?e&neas, o r e,erusea t o be dstw-.~d,
whether fnd%rIduala are wanted, Direeta ac%fvIties'of numbered a d Sbs%%@red
; ~ scmee-bion with special apprebeaas%onazzd a'pseial body
d @ % a c m n - t9n
mwmnt ~ % S Q B ~and B , mt%ra$afmlialacm with other Ua%edXat;%onsWar CrJms
Li&r~anI S a t a b n % s . Effects dfstrfbro$f on of Wanted and h%ba%iax L ie%s,

Paflo-oe of epee9a.l msigasmento, m &&rested by Evf 4ewe b r w ~ hanit

a f f s o t f v ~]b%&eonv i k h agemfes to wh.i,cki 8 t t w h e d conelitute~the %wo pin-
elpal % V ~ C % ~ Q I - E& I 3.eMmred ~ % w h e n % sThey , may frm t h s $0 tims be
m s % ~r@spomibi d %f%y f o r fmmdAa%es u p r v i s f o n of' spra%fo a mtfvit%ss
af nxmbered deGmWn%a, In &hLnis%ra%fonof' p e r ~ o r n they ~ l are &ded by
~ O X ~ G S Q Fi ~I I t % a t eby
d A d l J u % 8 ~ ~ Branch,
t~s mad in the 9388 of mtor T Q ~ I C L @ B
an8 other equTpgsla$ they m e gu.t&d by polfefers initfa%ed by H@aCbq&arw
b
C-&a1% 0

, %0 0

m
-
-- J
2EE
dh
s
-

The pr%ncfpdL f ~ t b i a nFPfP numbered de%,whdnta f e t o effset hmrjt%ga%90n

mud sgeof .dL %cppe~h@mLcaaz, and body momme~tm s m n t ~ as direstod by Wi-
dents & m h , In ~ ~ i s t r a t i ofopars-ab they m e guided by pak9eies
fnit9atcad by AtfJsx~et~atQe Branch, and i n ame 0% mofcnr vehlalss and. o%hW
~ q u i p ~ %hey
n t are3 &ded by poliefce jnftiea-ki~dBy He&q&@se C m h . a " , ,

&.mines FFkvestigatforraof' War & u e s n and dfrect~proeurement at' a.dd$t%wfis%

sworn % @ s t b - %n b c ~ m p l e t ;gases,
~ Malees final preparation of' cmss for
tried, ~1911.a~ &r&%ing &' charge8 axad p m t % e u h r s j r e f e r s cmss for %r%&ly
md &@%amcines o % b r Ura3.$ed R a t i ~ w ,if any, which ahanla be -onv%ted $0 sen&
cabs6rmra apd e,&sgn,b such inv$$atfom on bekm2.f of Theater Co=d@r, Basem.-
mdm.d~ mEsa of proesdws axxi poLities fox t r i b w d s , rendere $@galadvfee
107
$hera-F,o ae sequ6etad by Lhemt, and establishes r u l e s for preparation of' records
of %sfetl,Prepares RevSew~ m.d R e e o m W t i o m for r 8 ~ I e w I r gauthority,
Maintsizka liaison with execu%fon authorities,

Cc>nduc:Ca dataif 98 ~ x ~ E ~ ~ ~of L ~a l ,oX I3PhmsLiga.t~m

L H of W m Crime~"anti
.I-, ~ ' f p
dire.-+. l rol.i~;~~demn% addl.$iom*l= 6~9d@1:.ce fn f nconp3,@-bes e s ~ s ~o~
, reeomn.dE1
a,'baaadomnG o f such afD"%orts,M&aa f%mil prepmat f 0x1 0f c;&~ss, i n ~ l u d i n g
~ B mrl_?%fzrsz.ca ?,SF trl s l, Z i 2 k : h t 7 6 p
d r a f t i n g of chargas rftlnb F W Y -c~?.?
~ ~W ~rc~
rnaa2g&%a%cm of' ~x%aaas
.
of procedure and policies $ox % r i b w d s , Xn"Itia-bee
appo:jnk.a~nt;CXF' t s ' l b ~ r ~ l s

.Proauras ~ P f l c ae,pwa, clt3m-b room, press room8 p h c s . ~ ~ ~ a p h

m .dcother w a r
%
mbes an& q,m.bering f o r isI@ndlywi't-nesees,
:r:rime i m f k i t i a s , app.~opria%@
crif ic;la%regrssenLw,t%vmsaf o'bher Uni%erd~ a t i o ~ s'6r,m crfmea tr2a.l persornBB
mem5.1ere of press, etx,, and- proc~,u.nem%h.y~ughEeadquar%@rsCom~tbaa"rr,of % U s
 Graarpe eupply and dependency quartering service f o r personnel assigned t o
Detachmsnt, Arranges f o r security, including sa,f'egmrding distinguished
persons, other personnel, courts, and b i l l e t s . Assigna court reporters,
interpreters and clerical. staff f o r courts, Coordinates personnel
acti0~41with AdJutantes Branch but takes no action except i n emergency
cases. Operates reproduction equipment and m a i l roam, and i n coordination
with Headquarters Commandant operates Ibtackrment motor pool,,
2. Counsel Section,
CDU~SEL mmrm
Takes final steps t o prosecute or defend cases assigned, including prepara-
t i o n of sworn testimony and other documb~tsf o r presentation t o the tribunal.,
presence of accused and witnesses at trials, planning of prosecution or
deferme, s.g., order aP presentation of witnesses and documentary evidence,
( eta, Assures t h a t Abdnistrative Section procures f a c i l i t i e s required,
e.g., court roams, photographic equipaent, etc,, and assigns appropriate
oourt reporters, interpreters and c l e r i c a l staff. Prosecutes and defendt3
cases, supervises paparation of recorda of t r i a l and prepares and presents
neceasarr -petitions''f'or review and clemency request@.
3. Tribunal Section,

Personnel serves as members of war crimes tribunals pursuant t o Theater

orders appointing 8uch tribunals i n t r i a l of cerses referred,
I
4, Soreening Section,

Exercises technical supervision over the operation of the War grimes Enelosur~,
Arranges f o r safeguarding suspects and witnesses and f a c i l i t i e s f o r setgrega-
tion thereof. Mrects segregation and screening of such individuals and
prepares Dstention Reports and IPQathereon,
BY m m OF COLONEL SrRAIm:

C, A, Hileman,
L t , Gol., AGD,
Adjut ant.
m1cm:
/S/C A Bileman.
/tic. C. Hilsmaa,

Lt. Col., AGD,

aajutant,

 7708 WAR CRIMES

GROUP

DEPUTY GROUP

EXECUTIVE

ADJUTANT'S HEADQUARTERS RECORDS EVIDENCE TRIAL DACHAU FOREIGN L n

BRANCH COMMANDANT CENTER BRANCH BRANCH DETACHMENT DETACHhiENTS
-
I I J 1 I
F r
P Processing Prosecution Administration
0 - Personnel Troop - -
Section Section Section Section Section
3
Control
Section
WCA Section Section Post T r i a l

Apprehension - Investigation rribunal -

Section Section Section
I
WCI D'S L n Detachment
in US Zone Berlin {CROWCASS) , I -
- --
Utilities WCID'S I-n Detachment
Section i n French Zone FOG
A

Transportation WC ID'S Ln Detachment .

Section,. - i n British Zone BAOR

7708 War Crimes Group 0.: Qecembec 1946 .

 -m-
U.S, FORCES, E U R O M THEATER

lXVES2IGlSEIOH OF WAR CRIMES

I - - ~ 1, . Purpose, Experience in the handling and proeassing of" w a r

crimes caaes indica$es the need for e, reoapitulaLfon of -the general policries
and procedures established i n the theater with respect thereto, The pro-
.
visimw of' thba See.-I will be broughL t o %he at%ention o f d l yar,~om@b,
Reacf eaiom These d f r e e t i m s are reaebded:
btters, this headquartera, ff l a AC Ot",0,5 OpJA, subgeet 2 ' E s t a b l i s ~ r ~ t ;
M a r Crimes Bramhesq', dated 24 Reb 1943, 22 Apr 1945 and 10 May 19k5.
b, All l e t t e r s issued by Headquarbers, 12th Amy Group, and B@&dqu&ersg
Zth kmqy Group, enneerazfq the eollLsctian and perptizatam of evidenaa
r e l a t i v e t o war e r i w s .
3. Def farftPonse &, For the purpose hereof, the tern q v ~ a r

crimesw may be under E u d w -those vdolat f am by enemy a w . t i ~ e ,

~r persona acting wit h %hem, o f the 3,aws and usages of war of general 9.pplfoa-

tion and ac~eptanoe~ including %3%s i n soaatra~e~bfon

of %reatfesa d on-

ventfom dealfng wf%h the omduct of' war, as wall as other offensea against

persons ox property which outswe o m m ~ nJ q t i o s or a v o h v ~m o r a l twp%%u&e,

ccmaI,-8;.ted 5n. oomeotfm with m 9 3 , i t q opexatioazs, wf t h or wf thou* orders or

the
be. . O ~ B ~o O B
The tern '$War Criminals9'm q be mders%oad t o inclkde
persons who ( E ) have oonnn%ttedwar crimes, or ( i f ) have ccjtded, abetted or
o ~ b e,
enemaged tB
4.
l k 1945, ~
. s
a. A%%enticm is directed t o C f r 256, h ~ 22
sufaJeots '4iepsrtlng of W a r Crfm~and Xden%fflea%,i~n
,
of" Smpes$sPB,
Pursuant t o the d.3.xectim referred to therein, a War C r i e s &m:h w -
a
e~tablfshtadin the JU&& A ~ B O Q B ~See B tion, this headquarters, operaking under
the general sprper~fefcmsf TLd Judge A~ooa-bsGeneral,, W a x Depa3.%m-t;,
b. Likewias, the C-61- &nesals of' %he W @ S % ~ Z T m~ d Emtern M i l f % ~ y
Bia-briete and of the US Foress in A u s t r i a heevs eatabliehsd, and = w i l l maintain,
W m Cri-a Branches i n %he Judlgd Advoeake Seatlow of th%rraeps@td.v-ehead-
qamtera t o assure, %he efiinfent lnmstigation ox reportp fn accordeb~1~~ with
the priaeiples set forbh herein, of a l l war crtmss which a c e w e d w%%Mn %he
arsaa of' t h e i r r e a p e ~ t f v erssponsfbflitiaa,
a. Slmel;Ewl*ly, ee&an ether maJar commands in the theater have found f t
necrssemy t o establish War Crimes Ermchee i n the Judge Adarosa%eSac$fom of
their heaQ&ars LQorder more @ffa@%imly t o c a r r y out t h e k raspomibll-
i2;fas In t h i s f i e l d ,
Be W a r Crimes Iramstlgg$5ng T e a m have beem sspeefdly organized a d equipped
f o r the purpoae of' bx~eatfgatisgw a r ar3mso They ares 4,saYg:;:lasd to mricrws
GO-& t o supp1omnt war ~ r h mperaom@l
~ therein a8 needs e x i s t ,
a, m e of the prlrnary f ~ m ~ t i mofs M a r Crimes &&aches, an8 the sale %met%on
of W a r Crimes lhvg,stiga%fngTeame, is the a o l l s s t f s n a d psrpet~e3,timof
evidence rsla%em ts war crimes, The procedures govertl.1~the Grfal of
persom accvrred of war erims i a comrsd by other anoeftie dfreotf-~csa,
 Rsspmtin,~~of War
.--- CrAms, a,, In order '%ha% n i % f % q~ s a u m n1q y
m ~ k emore effao,tim ~0n+i3~ibt%:aG~m
%RJO%he ,ax&% --he p r o ~ s c u t ~ i oma
n pmi m e n %
of w a r criminals and i n order that ww sr.dl.m@s ~ s m . f s mqy e sstab1.fsh,the
bast possible c m a s , : t. f a ~%?~bb8&38;Xr %h;t,al,% pmm1.Ek(9l,h a e z g (9kn.~~ledp;a of
an f n.~l.dsa% o r an &t ,thou&% ts ba a 'FELT" c ~ E m ebe aw~,.r~- of the need
f o r prmptry s?xbanft%>:Lag a s*nm% gar @ ~ ~ e n % l a fEact9a to t h ~ war crj.mes
.
a g e n e l ~ s Personn.e% perf ox?'; g 8,xxms'tlga,%3.
p;hetograpb.io, or m@df.oa%fuz~c,%fon~
.os, intoel,%,9gen.ssa,
wlbXI, d.wfw %hs no.mal~omsa4of Chafr
pcrlfcpe,

dr~.kQnn mk 5TrddX7$TZ7cir$ %iji36t.,eyle &?\aor~mlsslonc& vm srimarj and w i l l

report the esss~n%i&L f w t e as h e r e j f r $a %his p.~z?9.(qdph p r
~ ~ ~ d e d . ,
-., ,
' The 'Tle4por-L of Mar Crlm@'' form a ~ t % a ~ h ES @& Ano.ex bi
ht)r&c) ~ d lha
l
u ~bizedl in repor%- I~afomatlPox~ eh c
!m~a, a
r ~ o n p , . @~~, ~. .l l~, a gWEW 9 a

bmf8 $OF appropr%at@ikl.m8t9fga%%en. m p~@soribsd in Ssc I1 hsrasf,

o , Peraomel fn %PI@ Emtam. or W@st~r.n

,"",
.W.lltary Dis%ric-t;s w%%1 submit the
'lieport of W a r CrimeE9, :in q u a ~ p l . l e a t ' ta ~ W a r bYim@a Branch3 Judge

~ " the
Advoca%s Sae%im,, of" ths haaclqom-t~ersesrfP -bhd9r . ~ I X t w ~
I)f etrlcti, and

%hose %t-a Auetrfzt ~aX.l.1subml%s ~ c hrapor-bs, in qua&-=up3bi,ea%e,%a the War

Crimes & m h , tTudg@A&vcxatea &etion8 IlaaQmwtass, US Forma in Aua%rfa,,
PekaanxaeR fn %%herat@& a.l,l8ub&% .bh.d 'Q~spo~% of? War CrmW %a tihe

W a r Crimes Branch, pBpa.dg6 A~vo@~TL%@ E@G%~QJ:I. thPs h@aaJ.qu&er~~

re$a%ing $0 TRY cr?meas b w been m ~ r g a d%&dh, cad $8 FJad-ng spsraGed by, the
War (lirimew Bran,ch, J D QAd'c~ofa~
~ e Ele~%%on, 'GhI 8 h e ~ q . r ~ e x Sue31
t ~ ~ con==
~
csnt,ra%KcmQ%"ah1 raeords a d e s s l d . d ~ ~rslatJrse,
e '$0 w a r c r i m ~
is uf prfme
n
l m p o ~ m c @ma
, all eimrsmdera v%Xlt8+;lR@ R W G ~3.8tbp8 a~ a8.y be n@c.,essaxy %o

-Ss?Eem:s, 7,
11.-
---.---:-
II me
, , J The ' 5. , t~. mt~3-CYD-B
~ in %,his Ses
o .vg:r C.YYML~E % p m i a a on";,y, They relate ta
T--%mrgW p ~ r t ? m at ~
(3$
-
%hg f3am84?.{;? ' 100 of' vcwes:im@aand not' $0 %he reportls.;; of the @rlstanoe

of w m 'exim3B

8, War Crlaae xi,X,B ord.f;,r,p9&~ he irsmst%gattsd bp W a r Crime bms%fga;t.;..Wgh:

T a m a d paraesm8b a ~ s a fn@% %ts ?#ax P , ~ ~ . ~ Y ~~B,T~I;S@B,

T@S
9, The . 9 r k v @ a t i g a t oI lf ~ ~ ( B S m ~ e 2 Y &!;&?hadim
BB &mex B hereto vfall
be used 'by f nws%dga%~ra,

10, The spaal.a,l ~ b j e ~ % ~of %

' BU,C& ~$312,be, BO f a r w

g . ~ - ?,?.E:~BB%.Q~{~+~~.~~TRB
,
p ~ s ~ cabbe,
kf ti0 P F Z ' P B X &XI, t i ~ % % ~ %?3'btTj.&:!1r'
~.@ 2@ Bi3 etfij %Q -J-% 'the

t r 9 a b of' the ,&legs& %amG ~ ~ ' I I E ~ , X La~ e~,i%segumn,%

~ &fi:bas ~rrhbeyupon the
"~v@B igEb%osb
% WW L"r~@'", k,h3 &8'4%3c",E%C I WI ~ %~l@~b356&3 i f J
~ @ ~ ~ U S ~ y ,
A further ~bhqaet~isb of' such % ~ ~ s t f g & will l l ~ ibe
to oolleck evfdgrmgr

wk8eh9 when properly c~m2:BaL~dd. ~i.%.bhQ P P ~ . & @ ~ Cfrom

Q ~&b@ s ro ~ c e 8may
~

emb1e the flxfng of reepcsw3.b11i%jra% Ievtels a b s thatJ ~ ~

09

%me&i
ate perpetra%or

11, A11 evi&emzsh a v l : ~ gpr~>ba.I;%m value t o a rsmomble m a n w:f.$I

be

raaefvsd and included in , i ~ ~ ~ e s t J . g CI:$ t ~ w~srirn~,

e ~~rca- %8f&n@~38p~
wtll

b~ 8&r0rn3m d so shcwaa, kg -?.her e o 0 r 8 ~ ~a3.d , srEf.inw%lp-the testim01zy w i l l

 ( C i r 132, 2 kt 1948, eoatd)

be in question asad mwer f o m , Howemr, in solple instmcss it is we-

ferable f o r the s%atemnt of %he &f'fan't to bs in afffdavit form3 in h i s
m language, swom to before a war c r l m s investigating &%icgsx, $0
whfeh he appends, i n his m l u m d m R % ~ a, steetemn%tha-b he h m read
and undgrstmde the tDestimony given by him, &,so, reporbers and in-bcsr-
preters will be appropriately 8wom aa%d the Pa%ter propadrl;g qualff'fad,
a l l rs9firmatfmw s e t f"or%hin %he record, Tdbera p a t i c a b f e witmeses
will be interrogatad 1n %he presence & sroos-emamhers, and the latler w f l l
be given an o p p o r t ~ t yto ~ ~ o i ~ s - ~ x a ut of narssmee that eomplste fatrmes f a
exbanded t o the w l t m e a or m c u ~ e dand %he,% tb.a teatimnrg posaeaose a max-
imum of probative salue, Xn the abseme of' a cross-examiner, %he csxmtner
will eonduct %he ~ t e m o g a t i o n.in sucah mm~ras t o effeact simllrwr fz~irndes.
Ph~tographs axtmn%myevld@noe ~ 2 1 %be p o p e r u suppodad by the
swom t e s t f m n y of compelen% r % % ~ m 3 r s ~ B , taf Bed. ~ % ~ u c D , ' ~m , ~d osug-
DB
geations to Snms%iga-boraof war ~r.hne%r r@EatSve, t o V~UTIOW t~cbnfml
problem8 arising in h ~ e e t i g a k f l wbv(9 been oampiled m d are av@?'la%2* 5 3
W a r Crime .Th"mches an& &so in the Judggs ~dvo&a%a Sectticam o f %he m,~n.,r
8
-0 whfoh ham not cds$abb%rjhedW R . ~Crimes Bracka.de,
12, The, B g h ~ e ~ t , f g a ot if oW~a ~r C.r$aeJ" t o m prepared by prsmml 1: the,
'

Ewtem OX: M@aB:?mM3bbitm-y Idlak%ota w#ll be subraitted to %he War 6rr3ms

Branch, JuMe Bdvoe,a%esSection, of %Itreheadquarbars of their Ml%taryDie-
triot, an8 those .in Allgdtr%ett o the WEE Crims Brmch, Judge M v o c ~ t eGee-
tion, Headqu&sra, Forom In Awtria3 fm exafmtPon aa $0 %horovq~h-
nese of hveer%igatfcm .% amb & e %I n @ o~f's fom, E rsat%s%mLory awh
9xa.mstigatims ~ i l . 3be,~ i ~ m e ~ l a ei d m ~ ~ d ~ a % ein J . y%r$p1iea%eg
~ %MB
he@&ars (~%t@n%f on8 War &-B ~ ~ ~ % aMO . ~757,
,
13, Except p'as~3wm-bto s p e % dreqx~@st% made by the W a r Gr-a & w h o %%;his
headg-ars, reports & wm artme %nw h i ~ hO~IJ XIA%%OIL& ce mitea B B ~ % % o ~
~ % h tm han %he US are u ~ o l ~LXI. ~ a no% 'be .ja~e~.t-,igt+xa eta eon%enplat)sdl
t h i a See XI, Such reporbs cf war trims %rib1be f ~ m a r d e s din ~ LsipELca%e9
prmtb to the F dw Crews Branch, this k s e a i l q ~ ~ r fsoar de2,d.veq~Lo $he
a p p r o p i a h au%harl%%es of %he g o r n m a t s camemedo
fh, Direat G n d a g % i a n , Diree.5 ~~-mmxsa=iea%ic~n bstween w w crms
qgmeiea f e aatboriead, (AG OQQ,Y G u - ~ B )
Ela Tle tI r a [ ~d~:a%i-ky, l.r~r~alS, %g,sc ~ r g ~ ~ z a ~ i BLC o n ). ,
,
b , &."t@, a7:ld. :: j , ~ f l ~ ~ . S & % r!:if ~ f~i .~~ . S O O X ~~f krlJ~.%
c:. ~UYP,
D Q ? : ~ o:r:im.e .wad c,cm~.4, L %ed.s I..? a.ec:@rt.?~.n.a531,e
d o .&act plsc;e cf I:.Y~IIXS (r.a%ats&by rol~ghsk:@.t;i:h .tcg nnecvi.ls.b
P~Y

perrrnm~dn:tlP .~u.dza~&r, I ,
,,a , T.i.'ve~~;o "a % p ~ ; sI
~ l . h too-
$~
pe.+:,&crl-&r.f.-th, r n q @ .ior dl,~~%:!;*is ,)
s , Rat:la.e ~f o f f e x ~ ~ hQkS111.q2
? wc~u~%d:E:ng

5, %CTT.~W$I p%I=L;e IKIBWS~

e,t;i ,.I

f . of Red Crosa, a'ns:'lL~:j.a,

cp:;
~ e m . s~ ~ . p ~ o y e j dsf.L.?, : ~ i : f ~ , e . ,c ~ x k ,k n : ~ s ,rr~nro'rii.~st arvatior~,
ct,c ,)
 (CW 132, 2 Oet 19bl.5, sm%d)

b; (Wban my ptwsons me da%&ed m material witnesses, the addr~saand

map eaordina%ss 0% the i m t a l l a t i o n in kaaafah detained 8hoad.d be rstated, )

4, *ther e v l b m e : (Pho%ogra-phs, a%@,, if rseLd9.l.y available),

NmEa This fo m %s to be w e d 8w tiha %sl%%id reporti r g of the fact that a

war crime h e b 6 ~ nocmm.P?~-s~, It ia no% %a be wed in forwarding resdts of
S n v ~ l e ~ ~ aof%w adr ~arbtms, imlmd3ng tbs awom %estimoqy of %he witmsa.

E3BJEms k~&9etiga%ion
o f W a r &im,

TO:

1, The w a r crime oomrad by thT8 :faama%&atfon9s dsatsrilaed ae

foBlowss ( S t a t e auco;fna%.l,y the adisn* fmts, taalu&%w %he b % e and
p l m s , wi%h m p e o o r U t e s , and a c%ta%%cm.
of .%heses%csvmtItlraa%y provision^
or statement of ewtomqy b m arf ~ h , % e )d ,
2. At-bmhad 8x8 sworn ~ t a % ~ ~of'~ the
n %f'c&ol$owlng
s s u e p c t ~oar witmsse~z

3* . U o a%C,mh@dare $418 fa ~ o - ~oc~@B% @%B,, not

pht~%cgra,phs,
B,
m~d8cl p-r? o f t b e m o m s%at@ma%~ desosibad in the precaddrg paragraph,
Howaver, proper $ounBa%fon@=vfdenca fie pe8en-b 8.s t o each 2n %he f o m of the
#worn teet9.mq-y of a%, person having b w B @ d g o~f %ha aec6a38my ~'~Y!xI, The
s.*%biLs w e listad and describe& m foUmsx

4. (E' %hers w e any spefal. ~ i r o i c e m r j t a ~ ewhich

s shed light on the
probative value, af the evfden~a%mBossB, i t ~ 3 E bf a set forth 9n this para-
graph. L f k m a b , 8- sUgg@8%f0m %O f ~ % h 8QWces e ~ of' ~ B ~ . & Q I I . IBO%
~@

a~aillable$0 %%lea Jsl?pbstiga%orw i l l bs ata%ed$n this paragraph ,. If %he~te ,

s m o a s be amp8~$9QY wl%ness@~,t h e ~ hadfirsaseba and. the ad.dreasas of s o w
- of thef r neara~tr s l a % 9 w s; . 7 h ~fi* ~~el eta%@&
w3%hthe d.@Iffi~t@nes$ requfs f t e
to %heir early b % e m o g a t 3 ~ n ox~ apprehdmion and fn%@moga%im, Ale?,
in the
caae ai? witnesaba, an iasa;%ca%f 0x1 plhouldl be made a~
to whether %$kg, m e %hsught
to 'be friendly or W r f e n ~ , )
* The stating of the addreas here is far the emvoniejclod of' those pro-
cessing the "Ixav~stigatfoaof? W a r Crimeg', The requirement that the
detailed f m %pel~ rga ?tfe +-. :%A IZ~%&@BB@Bof friendly witnesses and a.
n W e r of the:* ( i . - f 3 1 - ~ ~ ; - :- ~- I . ' ' r~ be set f orbh at length in their sworn
t !r

statements is continued in affect,

* Investigators not assigned. lo W a r Crjmas Iavastigati.til:~Taams will enter
the nanae of "h.e kdar Crfm~aB r m h to vhPeh assigned,
 mmmERS
U. S , FORCES, ;EITROPEAE THEMm

,C%B
l JEm: bl,iarexy to Ot;h@xUnited Na%ime and I t a l y of Persons h e w a d

of' M a r Crfmes and o f Wlk,nesses a d Evidence Xsqwllred in the

Trial of W a r Crimes

TO Theater Judge Mvooat;e, Headqu&ers,

: UoS, Forces, I3urop.m
Theahr

(3-1 For the delimry of persona in -bheUoSozone wmLed

for %ridf o r w a r crime.;

( 5 ) 'For tihe deblmry of evl.dentfa;ry mbarf aX 13 t h e 'CJ,S,

zone for ~~288
in such tr%ds,
'u, you m t ~ yissue % n a t r u c t i a s 3nd
Imiden% Lo asmh au%%ohori%yg
take m%ia as m y bs nFwcsseary, In, the, name of- the C u - w Gemrd,
U S , Foress, lZm-opem ~ h Gommor, Urrited @ Skates Zom,
G e m , relative to %he apprehensfsn, and d @ l % t m 02~ ~parsone, the
taking and deLPveq o f depas%%3.w,a nd. the eoB1e@t%mp copfl~ag,~
phsSup%phl-ng and delf m r y of ev%d@nt9m~ rna2;erf a&,

2, prop%- cmsa, h. $ 7 ; : ssrrm ~ ws i t h appasits ~SPBG%$PTBB, p m

~ 2 1 %gm% sscjuests
far ds19v@ryof PQTSQXW w a t e d . $or % r i dfor TEXT
e r f m a , k omea InvoPvfng p m ~ 1 o nW~ ~ have O held high pel.&LfeaL, aisfl.
Qr& l % t wpositfon~ & Gsrmaqy or in one of its ~ ' E l f e a ~ , 0beB1lgeren-k~~
or saksllitas, persons resqaesded by %TO OF nore natmiomg or -p~lli-bic&l
or @%her mwwB cormidera%%~araS you aJf2A clear %%la requests wi%h the
T&gd Divfafan, U,S, G ~ a l qC8nt;roI. Council, Ckmmnq, P'ou wi11 be
respasalbh for awh oomdtatf o m wf%hg or wxsmS~na.%ion. of %he r e ~ o r d 8ofg
%%I.@ United Ratfcans W a r Crimes Com.%,ssl~n, the W w CrSm9s Qffias in th.e
W i o e 6,f' The- cJnd638 Bd'g.aaa%e the CeaatrRa. RegPst;x$ kilw
C r 2 m % m l s m,d Sscwrf*,y Swpec-&s, %be Iv-idan~ssan& ~ ~ . ~ e s b i l g a t ~ C%~cam' b e r s
m.d foreign liaauon officers tiherewith, %he Central W a r C r i m a L%brary,
tho &alsP,ant @bwfefof Staff, G-2, U,S, Forces, European Themtar, and the
W a r Crimes Branch o r TOW aff%es, w m y 'be required ar 8sslsa.bl.a 1% each.
c a m o The h g a l Di'br3~$0n~ U S , Group Con%x(;b3,Council, h m ,will he
reapo~&Xb%e for c ~ n ~ u X % aor i ncl@a;rmess with Po19$$eezl MvLaor
and Director of IntePligence, U,S, Group Control Council, Germany,
t h e United S t a t e s Chief of Counsel, t h e J o i n t Chiefs of S t a f f , and t h e
Control Council f o r Germa~nyor i t s quadripartite agencies which may
be required or desirable i n each cme.

3, Requests f o r t h e delivery of persona desired as witnesses may

be granted i n acoordance with apposite directives or, In t h e i r absence,
upon principles c a w i s t e n t with those governing t h e delivery of persona
ww.%edf o r trial f o r war crimes. Responsibility f o r e o m u l t a t i o n or
o1,easmce M-th other agencies u f l l 5s a ?resoribad h %he aase of
persons wanted f o r t r i a l for w a r crimss,

4. You may grant requests f o r t h e t&l-ng of depositions and f o r

the delivery of evidentiary material upon such oondltlons aa you e m -
s i d e r adequate t o protect t h e i n t e r e s t of the United S t a t e s , 31 cases
invo3ving p o l i t i c a l sr other unusual consideratfons and %n other eases .
where you deem it desirable, you w i l l c o w u l t with the Legal 1)iviaion,
U.S. Group Control Council, Garmaray, before acting.

5 , YOU w i l l normally require foreign request8 t o comply sub-

s t a n t i a l l y with t h e forma prescribed by t h i s headquarters,
BY C m OF GENEEM., ElSENHQm:

R, B, L o r n
Brigadfer General, USA
DISTRI3UTION: AdJu%an-bW e r d
---
20 Addressee
LO U.S. Forces i n Austria
10 U,S, Air Forces i n Europe
-
20 Theater Service Forces ear)
---
-+,

10 Eastern Military Dtstri~t

10 Western Military D i s t r i c t
5 Berlin D i s t r i c t

--
10 Theater Service Forces ( P r o v ~ a tMwwhd)

5 Theater Service Forces (Rear) (JA)

-
10 Deputy Military Governor

--
5 U.Si Group Control Council, Germmy ( ~ o ltical, f Ad.aisor)

5 U,S, Group Control Comcii, &- ( ~ i r e r @ ~of"

o r Intellfgcanee)

-
10 U,S, Group Contirol Council, Germany (Legal ~ i v i a f o n ]

1 - G-1

1 - G-2
1- G-3
10 - G-5
1 - I.G.
20 - Dewty ~ h e ' a t e rJudge Advocate, W a r Crime8 R r w h

1-AGOpas

1 - AG M i 1 Pers

1 - AG Records

 T:
-(?I! r i a l of"W a r 6xfm8 C ~ ~ E I

1, b t l t e x s , $hie h@adqu&e?rs, file AG 00005WCB-AGO, subject as

above, 26 d m 1946 anti 1.1 J u b 1946, w e reaefnded,

2, Ref assmsa :

o, b%tex, t h l s h@a@&ers, file A@. Q13,3 GJLP-Am, @ubJeets

s'Diepos%tfon.& M i U t q G o v e m n t C& Base Rsemds, C~rP,a.j.nWar

Crr%m@ s
6mewv, 18 Augus% X945,

do b%%erO %MB11Bad(anarb@tri~lgfile A3 008aoT Wm-bU10, eubJae-bg

qrfsl 02 War Crimes and Bedated Cwee;rW,12 December l ~ b I . 5 ~

The au6horit;g fsmrQ T @ B ~ @ &JB %he C m m n d i n g eQ1neraL8Third 'US

Axmy A~ea, to appoa% a p c i a l Military Gomnmnt Cour%a and UlfLmy
@om,~sEom for %he $rSaSb cdn w a r crime cases ,63 w e l l as d l aut>hmfty'to
C&@ 0 t h a~ t % l r n ~in wmmtst%on-E;hermA%hh s becan rs~cakc~d,
 4, Appointment of Military G o m m n t Courts

Hereafter Military Government Com%a f o r t h e %ridof' w a r crimes

cases Snarolbving Amdriem n a t l o m d s as s f c t i m and w s a t r o o i t i a s committed
in the American Zone of Occupation wfbl be appointed by, and all further
a t i o n s i n comectfon with sueh cases w i l l be %&en by t h i s headquarters,
The principles hereinafter s e t f o r t h w l % 1 ,be adhered t o in t h e appointfng
af sueh courts and in t h e taking of such a e t i o w ,
5 , General
A s a matter of policy, such cmea dn~~;alvlng ~fl3mee tae
lawe and usage8 of war or %hs law# of the meupfed t e r r i t o r y or an;y psrt
thereof, comrnordy Imown ers w a r crimesg eanrmftted prior t o 9 1943, rn x q
from tfme t o time be datermined by the & p t y Theater J u Q e Advocate f o r
M a x Crimes, w i l l be t r i e d before spasiaP9y appointad Military Gavemmnt
Courts, excepk where otherwfse directed by t h e Theater Canmmde~,
6, Procedural Matters &fore Trial,
a, Charges. Charges i n the cmes contemp1ated sP91.l be prepared
under the dlreetion of the Deputy Theater Judge Advocate f o r War Crimes j.n
the form prescribed f o r Mbftary Government C o W a ,

b, Reference f o r T r f a l , The charges dl.1be referred t o speeiab

.
Military Govsment Courts by the Dapoty Theater Judge Advocate f o r W a r
Crimes

--
c , UnSted Na$ions Observers. A t %hetime of' r e f e r r i n g such
ohargea f o r trial the Deputy Thea%@rJudge Advooate %or War C r i m e s a23
determine %has8United nations, ff any, which %n h i s judgment should be
invited to send obeemexa to the, %ria% and w i l l extend. such i . n ~ % a t i o non
s
behalf of the Theater C-dar,

do Appoia%ment of ComGs, f b s so&a wL11 be appeln.t;lsd by t k i n

headquarters and ~ 2 1 %be composed of off f sera within. th3 ts c o r n a d , (?*--.~raf
Military G s ~ ~ d m a n t
Courte and Ikkt~mdfateMflStmy Gol~d.m~!;ri t; S,-,
J;.+ -
appointed aa contemplated herein will e o m f s t of not- $ego "clp 2 ' v e s r l r l ~YJ%
l e s s 1;- three members, respactfvely, and the senior me@elv preaenL at
each trial w i l l be t h e president ma presiding o f f i s s r of the corer;.t, The
ordera appointing such e m t a wt1P d e t a i l a% least osla offfaex w%%hlegal
t r a i n i n g aa a member of such courts, The Deputy Theater Judge Advoaato
Tor W a r Crimes w l P l @sign am or more prss@autcrrs and defense co'mmsel but
they w911 not bs formally designated in the orders appofntlng t h e oo&s,

a, If &ter the trial ha8 begun a new member 98 appointed, or a ,

member on aeoomt of unavoidable absence during a %rialnd.sses p a r t d the

proceedings, t h e president w i l l came s u ~ hmember t o read the ~ e c o r dof' the
proceedinggl had p r i o r t o h i s being appointed o r during a%sence, as tha case
may be,
 b e The trial will be cmducted wcordlng t o pertinent Militpy
Govomnt directives and instructiane, except that no person w i l l be
convicted or sentenced except by the cnncurreiLce of .two-thirds of all the
members .present art the time the vote is taken,
c. The effective date of' prison sentences w i l l be as provided
f o r other Military Gave-nt C o u r t s . Sentomes imposing death will
povide f o r the execution thereof by hanging, -Confinemant w i t h a t "hard
laboru will not be imposed, providing, however, that eentences heretofore
or hereafter -posed which do not irmlude the words "hard laborn w i l l be
. construed t o required hard labor as a paxt & the ptmishm6nt.

a. 34.respective of the result of trial, the accused w i l l be

returned t o custody pending f i n a l dispositios.
b. The prosecuting officer will. be msponaible f o r the pepma-
t i o n d the record aP trial, which, after being properly authenticated will
'be forwarded t o the Deputy Theater Judge Advocate for War Crims, who w i l l
prepare a written Review and Recommendatiw f o r submissian t o Theater
Judge Advocate,
c. I n tali- the actionpresoribtc)in subparegraph b, above, the
Deputy Theater Judge Advocate for W a r ~ r i &will. tahe into consideration
and inclnd4 in the Beview and R e c ~ n d a t i o n setoy Petition fox Review or
request for clamsmy f i l e d on bebdf of the accused.
d. Except aa hereinafter proBid4d in this subparagraph, no
sentence w i l l be c m i e d into executicm until the sentence has been
approved by the Theater Cammandnr after having moeived the recommendations
of the Theater Ju&e Advocate as t o the views # w a s s e a in the Review
sad Recomm4ndations. The Theater Judge Advocate is hereby authorized a d
directed t o exercise all of the powers nf the Theater Cnmmfmder in cases
where no sentence of death has been pronounced. The action taken will be
entered on the case record ia the span8 provided on Legal Form No. 13 over
the signature of the Theater C m r or, in oaees where no sentence of
death has been wonounced, aP the Theater Judge Bdvocate.
9. Witnesses t o ~ e c u t i o n s . Death sentences sdjudged may be
executed without attendance of %mdator;p witnesses " specified in ER-382.5.
Such emcutions will be attended by such Army of'fioer or officers as may
be designated in the death warrant or order of execution,

10. Permapat Fili* of Records, M t e r final aation the case records

of a l l trials will be forwarded t o the Deputy Theater Judge Advocate f o r
W a r Crizabs f o r pemanent f i l e .

11. Cases Being Tried, The tribunals heretofore apzointeb by the

Third US A r q y Area f o r the t r i a l crf war urimss c a s e w i l l ctontinue as
tribunals of this hesdquarers and.will ccmglete all war crimes cases then
on trial by such t r i b a s , Courts appointed by t h i s headquartere w i l l
proceed do trial with the w a r crimss uases heretofore referred t o the
Third US Army Area f o r trid-, This headquarters w i l l take a l l appropriate
action i n connection with war crimes tri- heretofore completed by %e
Third or Seventh US Armies though such cams had been referred t o
courts appointed by t h i s headquarters 5n the f i r s t instance,
12, Maas Atrooits Subsecruent Proceediws,

a, Cert* mass a t r o c l t y casea have heretofore been tried, t o e .

Ha-, Dachau and Mauthausen caaes, wherein the principal. participants
in the respective mass atrocities were charged with violating the laws and
usages of wax. under particu1a;rs alleging t h a t they acted i n pursuance of
a common design t o subject persane to killings, beatings, -i;ortwres,
starva%icm, abuses ~lndindignitias, or part5cuI.m~ sub8te~lltiall.yt o the
same af2eo-b. The cc~urtspronounced sentences in those oases involving
imprisonment and delath and of necessity, i n view of the issues involved
therein, found t h a t %he maas a t r o c i t y operation involved i n each w a s
@rimimfi n nature and t h a t those involved i n the mass atrocities aoting
i n pursumce of re common deaign did subject persons t o killings, beatings,
tortures, ete,

b. With regard. t o subsequent proceedings w a i n s t mcuraed other

than those Jnvolved in the i n i t i a l o r slparent" maas a t r o c i t y cases here-
tofore or hereafter tried. involving chsrges and particulms s n b s t a n t i ~ ~ . l y
similar t o those described In subparagraph a, above, it 5s prescribed as
f 011- ,.
(a) After f:lnal. action by the reviewing and the c o n f i d n g
authority,, if my, i n connection with a parent marjs a t r o c i t y cme, t h i s
h~adquartrm8w i l l appojat one or more M i 1 l t a . q Government Courts t o t r y
sueh add3,tiona.L indivianals as may be ~lmrg(~ with
d participaking i n t h e
?ass a t r o c i t y ,

(2) In such trial of additional participants I n t h e mass

akrocity, the proaeeuttng officer w i l l fmni.sh the court c e r t i f ' i ~ dcopies
of the charge and particulars, the findinga and t h e sentences pronounced
in the parent case, Thereupon, such Militar,y Goveramdn-b Courts w i l l take
judicial notice of the declsion rendered i n 'the parent cme, including t h e
findings of %he court ( i n the parenti e w e ) tIm$ t h e mass a t r o c i t y operation
waa erimind i n nature snd t h a t the padieiprmts therein, &ti%in
purrsu-e of a common design, did subJect pezgsons t o killings, bsatir@s,
t o r t u r e s , eto,, and no exmiaer.tian of the record i n such parent case need
be madd f o r t h i s purpose, Ij3. such trials of additional p&icfpan%s i n
the mas atrocity, the oourte w i l l presume, slubjeet t o being rebtat%ed by
appropriate evidence, that 'thoas ahown by competent evidence t o b v8
pmtioipated i n the maes eritrocity h e w of the er-al nature thereof,

(3) The Military Government Courts w i l l examine t h e evidence

presented t o t h m bearing upon the nature and extent of $he pmticipation
of the additionLC partioipmta i n the mass a t r o c i t y operations and pronounce
such sentences, if any, as may be appropriate.
 (4) In any instance i n which in the opinion of an htermediate
Military G o v e m n t Court the evidence presented warrants a greater
sentence than is within the p m r of Intermediate Military Gowrnmbnt
C o d e , the court w i l l suspend proceedings with regard t o the mcused
involved and refer the matter t o the Dsputy Theater Judge Advocate for
War Crimes, recommending that chasges againat the wcused be referred t o
a Genera1Militaz.y Government Court,

m ER mms
L t C01) AGD
Assistapt Adjutant Generat
Telephw t Wiesbaden 7 4 6

-- UGffice
DISTXlgmt ION:
20 CG, Third US Army Area
3 S - ~ o r o eAustria
~,

3 -- of Military Gova~lmnntfor
--- Western
German$ (US)

3 Base Section

3 Berlin District, US Anqg

3 Foroee
3
3
-- European
US Air in Europe
Continental Base Section
Division, Transport Command
3
3
-- Amsrican
Headquartere C-d,
Air
US Foroes, European Theater
500 - War Crims Group Judge Advocate Division

Graves Registration C m European Theater Area

,

2 -
LLG Records

2-AGOpsas
 rnADQ,UARTERS
E U R O P ~c o m I
-,

AG 383. (WC ) JAG-AGO @O 757

21 Mach 1947
EXJBJXCT: Redesignation of Central Suspect and Witness Z h ~ l o s u r e

TO : Commandix General, F i r s t Mflitary D i s t r i c t

1, Rescission, -
Lekter, Hq USEXT, f i l e AG 386.6 JAG-AGO, subJect:
"Designation f o r Central Swpect etnd Witness Enclosure," 27 Rovember 15,bhc

2, The Central Sl7speet and Witness Enclosure heretofore established

i n Dahau f a redes%gmA+i; t h e War Crimes Enclosure, h c h a u , In t h i s a d
succeeding paragraphs t h e word "enclosure" r e f e r s t o t h e W a r Crims En-
closure, Dachau, &% w a r c r i m h a l suspects 2nd unfriendly witnnssas t o
war cr-es w i l l be congregated therein, Individuals now or hereaf'ter in
detention a t other I n s t d l a t i o m and thought t o be war criminal suspects
or unfriendly witnesses t o w a r crimea and covered by current CROWCASS
wanted l i s t s w i l l be reported t o t h e Deputy Judge Advocate f o r War Crims,
who w i l l request those f i n a l l y idenkified t o be moved t o t h e enclosure.
No such suspect or witness w i l l be moved t o t h e enclosure p r i o r t o such
f i n a l identification,

3. The C o n m m d i ~General, F i r s t Military D i s t r i c t , w i l l be re- .

aponsibla f o r t h e operation of t h e enclosure under the technical super-
vision of t h e Frovost Marshal, t h i s headquar.tars,

4, The following fac;?llftiela and services i n connection with the

EUCOM w a r crlma program w i l l be furnished e i t h e r inside t h e enclosure
or i n the s i l l a g e D w h u adJac6n-b thereto;

a, CornpoundEl and s e a t i o m withfn eompomds, ate,, f o r t h e

aegregatfon. of w a r criminal suspects and unfriendly witnesses t o w a r
crimes and f w t h e r segregation within those categories, e , g , , segrega-
t i o n by group a d segregation of the more dangerous individu&Ls Prom
others,

b. Of'ffce space, court P O o m and supply f o r US m f l i t a r y a d

c i v i l i a n personnel angagad i n t h e %rial.of war cr-s eases, serving m
nhmbbrs of t r i b u n a l s o r screening w m criminal suspect^ or u&riendl$
w5tmessas t o w a r crimes, press rooms, photographing and other war crimes
trials facilities.

c, Appropriate mess and quarters f o r f r i e n d l y witnesses,

d o Appropriate mess, quarters, recreation and post exchange

f w i l i t i e s f o r o f f i c i a l r e p r e s e n t a t i ~ e sof &her United Nations attending
maas a t r o c i t y trials as observers, US w a r crimes personnel described i n
paragraph 4b, above a d members of %he press,

APPENDIX XI
 6, Securityp including:

(1) Safeguard2ng the distinguished persons v i s i t i n g the

trials.

(2) Security of the courts during sessions thereof by the

exclzjsive me of US m i l i t m y personnel f o r t h i s pur-
pose o

(3) safeguarding the b i l l e t s of w a r crimes t r i a h per-

sonxaal,

(b 1 Safeguls;sdm indivlduaL~detained aa war criminal

saspects and witnesses t o war crimes in the enclosure.
f. Mainternee .?fnnle29eal services,

g. Second arxd t h i r d echelon maintemee of the motor vehicles

u t i l i z e d by the US mllltary aaad c i v i l i a n personnel described i n paragraph
4b, above and offiaitzl representatims of other United Nations,

h, Such essential additional f a c i l i t i e s and services as may

be necessary t,o accomplish the w a r crimes operation herein contemplated,

5 , Rsqnisitiom f o r supplies dl1 be processed i n accordance with

current supply directives,
6 h carrying out %he provi sions ~f t h i s l e t t e r , the i m p o r t m e
of these trials t o the United States should be impressed upon a11 per-
~onnel, The critiolsrn of lJniti;ed Nations or t h e i r rcyrassctatives m u s t
be avoided aad d-1persowel should be impressed with thefr duties in
thfa respect.

7. Such past of the eaeloswre as is not; required t o detain war

criminaL, susp@ots and witnesses may be occupied by civiliafl intcameea
not of 'n'ar crimes % n % ~ r eand
a t by prisoners of war insofar as such w e
does no% erddlangatr the general security of the enclosure.

/a/. Peter C d z a
/t!, PEEEX C U A
Lt Col, AGD
Asaistazzt Adjubant General

3 - HQ Comd, ECTCOM LO - JA
g - vaw 3 - AGRC, E U C W 3 - PM
3 - onax 200 - 7708 W a x Crimes G2 1 - AG Record
3
3
-- uUSs Comtabulmy
m
3 - D i r Para & A h
3 - D f r atell
1 - AG O-pm
3 - Second M i l Dfst 3 - Dir OPCE
3 - CBS 3 - D i r SS&P
3 - m, mc bO - Dir Civ Affaira
 .'
C O ~ I Q A
MND RECORDrnG smm

Case Numbering and Recording, A separate case f i l e folder

was maintained f o r $hose i t e m r e l a t i n g t o each w a r crime or WE

&trocity, The ease f i l e f o l d e r nmibers u t i l i z 6 d were composed of

two or more p&s separated by hyphens, One p a r t of t h e number

t h w septwatsd inbfc?,ted the cowltry 3x1 which t h e war crime w a ~

committed, For example, -:lie tc~sef i g u r e of 12 w m used i n %he

numbers of case f i b foldess as t a crimes c o m l t t e d i n G e m ,

The next figure, separated from the base f i g u r e by a hnhen,

indicated t h e number of cases docket,ed at the t i m e t h e number
w a s assigned which involved srims c o d t t e d i n a p m ~ l i @ u l a r

country, For exampbe, the number 12-31235w m applied t o t h e

1233th 23se t o be docketed which Snarelvsd a war c r i m aolrrmlttsd

Upon r e c e i p t of i t a m aa t o a new ease, t h e material was

&signad a number i n weordance with %he system abova indicated

and was docketed by recording i n a ease jommal (Ex, 11, A

special section o f the ease j o u r n a l vaa reserved f o r t h e entry

of war e r i m s eonmittad i n @ a h of %he ~ a r i o m acom%ries o f

Europe. In docketing th@ cases in each section they were

numbered s e r f a l l y , S p m ~ swere provlded f o x t h e entry of
"Standard Case Analyef s 6aomnelaturas" and tri al data,

Processing and Indexing of War Crimes Materirsclb, Upon r e c e i p t

of war erfmes material, a "Processing &eatst was a.ccompliahed i n

duplicate (Ex, 2), the original be- f i l e d i n the case f i i e folder
'
t o which the material related and the copy f i l e d in a separate
processing sheet fPle according t o cam nmbers. These process-

i n g sheets were essential as source material f o r the ,preparation

of the card indice;. The card ind3oes hereinafter discussed Were

indiapenaable i n detemxhing t o what cme material related, the

'
msi@ng of c m e numbers t o new m a t e r i d , the associating of

suspects, witnesses and places with the proper cacsr: ;=zd

in-
numerable other aapecta of the expeditious development of cases.
Ira the event the material did not r e l a t e t o a docketed case, t w 6
Index cards were made, one s e t t i n g f o r t h the new case number and
a brief description of the w a r crime and the other showing the
place (Ex. 3 ) . In addition, i n processing material pertaining t o "

new cases, aa well as t h a t relating t o cases theretofore docketed

.
and which ind.icataa names. of new mcwed and witnesses, accused
~
. .

and witness index cards were made (Ex. 3 ) . On these c a r d s 'T"

deno%es victim, "A" denotes "Accused, " and "P" denotes *Place "

0% w a r @rim.

In, determining whether newly received material was the ~lubject

matter f o r a new case, or whe3her it was additional material f o r

one already docketed, the names of persona involved and place of
comnisslon of the war crime appeming on the processing sheet
were cornptred with the card indices haretofore described. In
process- itm which were not ccrmplex f r o m t h e standpoint of
o r cantent, the item w a s checked against the card indices
l e ~ t h
 in advance of preparing a processing sheet and, if no new accused

or witnesses were inditeated, no processing sheet was prepared f o r

t h e Item.
Recording and bdexing T r i a l &%a, Caaes refdrred f o r trial

were assigned l o g nunhers s e r i a l l y and entered i n a trial journal

(Ex. 4 j , This jourmai a i s o contained aciutlonal e s s e n t i a l i n -

formation, An accused c a d index of i n d i v i d u d s t r i e d w a ~ lmain-

tained (Ex. 5 ) . A case number card index arranged according t o

case numbers and showing the correspori,:ing log ntmbers was w e d

in locating e n t r i e s in t h e trial journal, These three sources

.. & information, i , e , , t h e trial journal with inf o m t i o n according

t o the log numbers, t h e accused card index of persons t r i e d f i l e d

alphabetically, and t h e ease number easd index, were s f l f i c i e n t t o
permit of expeditiouslg- and m-eurate1.y eolleating data f o r t h e
numerous and frequent reports pf varied nature f o r higher authority,
A ceuje review card index w w maintained as a source of ready

information aa t o t h e post. % r i d~ t i o r ai d the review s t a t u e as

t o records of t r i a l (EX, 61, The f f le of awh ear& was sepa~rated

into oampartmn'cls =cording Do %haagency and seaSlons, atc,,

. having current p h r s i c a l possession of t h e various records of

trial. These cards were arranged wfthin e m h compartment. accord-

ing t o cerse numbers, E m h e m d was appropriately shifted as the
record of t r i a l t o which it pertained progressed toward f i n a l
action by the Reviewing Authority,
 PROCESSING SHEET

DATE 3 Dec194S
SOURCE : HQTRS., 3rd h y 15 Sept . 1945
PLACE OF OFFENSE: FREISING, Germany DATE : 1NOV 1944
OFFENSES r Killing of surrendered American A h a n

;IRGANIZATION OF ACCUSED:

NAMES OF ACCUSED NATIONALITP RANK SERI& # PREsENT STATUS OR LOCATION

SCHMIDT, Hans German German army o f f i c e r Unknm

~erstmnfuehrer

NAMES OF V I C T I S NATION& ITY RANK SWAL # PRESENT STATUS OR LOCATION

ROE, Richard A m s r i c an
..,
S. Main S t
~ / ~ ~ t . 2 1 0 1 0 5 1 020
Junction, V t
White River

NAMES OF WITNESSES NATIONALITY RANK SERIAL # PRESENT STATUS OR LOCATION

DOE, John American Sgt. 31201547 895MainSt., Hartford,

Corm.

DESCRIPTIVE SUMMARY OF OFFENSESI On 1 Nov, 1944, i n t h e v i c i n i t y of FREISING,

Germany, Hans SCHKDT participated i n the killing of Richard ROE who was
then an unarmed and surrendered prisoner of war,

Searched 4 Dec. L W

CASE NUMBER .: 12-1235 COMPILED BY: JMJh3s

APPROVED :
C h i d of Section
 I

ROE, Richard ( v) 12-1235 SCHMIDT, Hans (A) 12-1235

American German

s/s@.
Address -
21~t0010
20 S. bkLn S t . , White River
Junction, V t .
German Army Officer-
Obersturmfuehrer
Present Status or Location Unknown

DOE, John (w) 124.235 12-1235 FREISING, Qermany

Americen
,4n American prisoner of war, s/sgt.

Address -
S e e 31201547
895 Main St ,,
Richard ROE, was murdered at
Hartford, Con., FREISING, Germany, by German guards
under the direction of aberstunn-
fuehrer Hans SCHMIDT.

FRFSSING, Germany (P) 12-1235

14L16
20-25
Exhibit 4

Exhibit 5

NO 12-1235 TITLE US vs Hans SCHMIDT

DATE RECORD m E I V E D - 26 Oct 1946 PLACE ..W DATE OF TRIAL DACHAU, Germany
DATE ASSIGNED REVIEmR 30 k t 1946 12-22 Oct 1946
NAME OF REVfEPlER Capt JONES
.
DATE ROUGH DRAFT TO EXEC. OFFICE 20 Nov 1940
DATE ROUGH DRAFT RTD 30 Nov 1946
DATE FINAL DRAFT TO EXEC. OFF'ICE 15 Dec 1946
DATE F"WDED HIGHER HQTRS. 20 Dec 1946
DATE RTD FM HIGHER HQTRS. 15 Jan 1947
DATE EXECUTED 20 March 19h7

DEFENDANTS PLEA FINDING SENTENCE ACTION BY REVIEWING AUTHORITY

SCHMIDl?, Hans NG G Death by -Commutedto imprisonment for 25

hang- years commencing 22 October 1946 .
5 January 1947
 ~ ~ ~ D Q , U ~ E R S m/ac
7708 WAR CRIMES GROTJF b
E?JROPM COMMAND

SOP NO, 3 15 May 1947

SUBJECT n Gathering and Processing of Bulk Enemy Documents.
1. The Documents Section is hereby assigned responsibility

for:

a, Supervising the gather% of' enemy docunknts

relating t o war crimes by document teams from document centers
and other fi a l d sources,
b. Processing such bulk documents.
- 2, For the purpose of t h i s SOP, bulk documents are

classified as follows:

a, "Documents related t o specifie w a r i.e.,

those which definitely possess essential evidential value in
connection with a ~ p e c i f i eatrocity,

b, "Documents related t?o concentration caurps, " i.e.,

those whlch definitely possess essential evidential value i n
connection with a e o n ~ e m t r a t i mcamp erne,

c. "Reference documents," being those relating only

generally t o war crimes and usable only f o r research purposes,
e,g,, bound volumes giving general. infomation concerning SS
personnel,

d. "Documents of doubtful vdue~," i , e , , those c o n c e w

which doubt e x i s t s aa t o whether %heypossess evidential or
reference value,

a, ?Real evidences,'" i,e,, ~vfdenesother than from

the raou.th r~fa witness such as imtnunan%a and devices used i n
the c o a s s i o n of a crims, or maps, pieturas, plats, and finger-
prints, etc,

f , l'Documents unrelated t o war crimes,tt i,e,, those

which definitely do n a ~ tpossess evidential or reference value,

3 , Incoming bulk doeurnants w i l l be delivered directly t o

the Documents Section where they w511. be processed i n accordance
with the following principles:

a, The packages of d o s w n t s w i l l , be entered in a

journal and,: after segregation into the elasses described In
SOP NO. 3.

parsgraph 2, above, w i l l be taken up on etock record carde.

b, Documents related t o specific war c r i m e w i l l

be translated and forwarded t o the Processing Section f o r

classification, ~ y s i s and , correlation with existing cme

f i l e folders, etc., cis ordinmy evidence; providing, that

such d o c ~ n t fsound i n concentration camp records, relating

solely t o the concentration camp cam and not t o isolated

a t r o c i t i e s unrelclted t o the concentration camp caae, w i l l be

processed m provided in subpara@aph c. below, The trans-

l a t i o n of' documents relating t o specific w a r crimes i n which

American victims are involved w i l l receive translation

priority over all other documents,

c. Documents related t o concentration camps w i l l be

translated and forwarded t o the Procsssing Section f o r process-
i n g i n accordance with procedures pertinent t o euch oases.

do Refwenoe documents, which are of value primarily

- b e c a y s of i n f o m t i a n of order of b a t t l e or "persanalityn
nature, Mil be f orwmded t o the InPeatigation Section, The
balance of reference documents w i l l be placed i n the appro-
priate dossier f i l e maintafned by the Documents Section,
Refwpms 'documents of such bulk a~ t o .msZrs translation im-
praotkcable w i l l be accompanied bg a Smmmy Work Sheet,
*&

e, Documents of doubtful V ~ M Qw i l l be forwarded

rtecompanitd by a Sunrmary Work Sheet upon which will appear
only a transLati- t o the Chief of the Investigation
Section, inquiring whether a cmplete t r a m l a t i o n i s deemed
bsirerble, Complete tranrjlations of lsuch docgments w i l l be
made only pursuant t o such requests, Those documants, f o r
which a request f o r complete translation is not made, w i l l be
appropriately f i l e d by the Documents Sect3.cn,

f, Real Evidence, susceptible of' filing tm ordina;ry

documents", w i l l be f i l e d wfth the case t o which it relates;
otherwise, it w l l l be stored, a stock record made, and a
memorandtan l i s t i n g the same w i l l be forwardad t o the
Processing Spction f o r inclusion in the case f i l e folder t o
which it xyla-bes,

g, Docmnts unrelated t o war crimes ordinarily

w i l l be returned t o the sources fram which they cam or
d e l i w e d t o other interested agencies, If' such sources
refuse t o accept return thereof and interested agencies cannot
bs located, a f t e r reasonable efforts so t o do, these documents
w i l l be stored by the Documents Section. The Chief of the
Recorda Center w i l l then 4ive consideration t o the advisability
of t h e i r being destroyed as may be permitted by pertinent
136
1
SOP.la0, 3 15 Mw 1947

regulations, It is not necessary tha%thie olase of documents

be stored in vaults or eafee.
4', The Processing Seotiars w i l l establish and maintain a
separate index of documents of'grrobable m,ltzCI to the W f i o e
of Chief of Counsel for W a s Crimes at Nurnberg.

/e/ C, E. Straight
/t/ C E* SI)RAIG$C
Colonel, JAGD
Dsppty Judge Advocate
for War Crimes
 SOP no, 5 15 May 1947
1. '
SWJEE : Processing of "Reports 6%, W q Grinles" and
'

"Investigati~ms 9f W a r Crimes" kvoLv3ng Only. .

. ..
.
.
. .... : ' .mationale of' Other,Govb~pments.,

. . .
'.

., ,

1. AB a guide in xprmessing "Reports of War CrimesJ1

and "Xnvest3gatiana of' ~ a r ' - , b i minvalving

o~
only v i c t i m

who m e nationals at' other govo~*~llaats, the folLowhg procedure

ie praecribed, The phrases tRiport of War Crime" and

I s'liamstigatian,ofW a s Cr%menas used herein are intended t o

eaxry t h e meaning given i n Circular No, 132, Headquarters, US

Forcoa, European Theater, 2 October 1945,

. .
. : 2.. A t t m t i o n i < i n l i t e d t o t h e f a a t t h a t ' ~ a f ' fMemo57;.
Bsaiqu&ere, .US' F orcee, EuropetmTPleater; 15 December' 1945, . .

msigm t o , the ~ i r e c t o r ,O-Pfice o f .Mi lit- 'G-overnment (US Zone), .. 1 '

. i n coordination 'with.%he O f f i c e oP,M i l f t c y Gove~lmbntf o r

,

, Germany -.(US), now .mergbd' k i t h the .latter, he'reinafter. .referred

' ' . .

t o .as vDMXJS,.n staff: r e s p o n ~ l i b i i i t yf o r taking app~oprietto . . , ' .

m t i o i ~t o enhLbl~.Germecn.~ourta~to bring t o Justica.,Germana o r : . - . . ..'

other' non-United Nations nationals m c u s ~ dof crimes . or . . .

', , ' . . .

' . offenses i n .violation of' l o c 4 l a w again.& G e m or other . . ' : .

: non,-United Nations P' nationals;, and.gLLso s t a f f responsibility . '

. .
f o r %hesupervision.& t h e "t.rizd of such cases, .
, '

3. Proceeslng ~ e p o r t aof W a r Grlmea, (Reports of Weu'

Crimes inelude not only those items bearing. such t i t l e but a l l

itarns which ere i~the nature of reports r a t h e r than investi-

@;ac,Pons.) ,

a, .The Proeegsing Section will:

(1) rsdt assign a erne f i l e folder nmber.

. (2) Not place t h e report in a. case f i l e folder.

(3) Hot prepare a. sy

- work sheet.
b, The Investigation Gection will:

(1) Determine by h w t y examination only, whether

any information therein i s probably needed i n developing 8a

- Amsrican owe.

(2) &tarmine whether a8y accused are i n custody.

APPENDIX XIV 1%
 SOP NO, 5.

(3) E the Accused Custody Statue is A-1 or

A-2, by appropriate means furnish adequate infomation r e l a t i v e
t o those in.custody t o the Apprehension Section, which Section
w i l l reque~ltt h a t they not be further detained unless-they axe
already in the War Crimes Encilosure, i n which l a t t e r event
t h e i r removal w i l l be effected as an incident of action %&on
under provisions of 302 W 3 . 11,

(4) F'orward EL copy of the report t o the govern-

ment whose natiomJp are involved as victimE, or t o -, as

the ease may be; p r o ~ i d i n &ho'biev~r,

~
t h a t i f nationals of more
than one governmsnt are involved as v i c t i m , the governments
concerned and DOMGITS w i l l be merely notified of the existence
of the r e p o h i n accordance with present procedure; and
providing, further, t h a t even thou@ nationals of only one
government are involved, if information i n the report is needed
i n the deyelopment of an American caee, such information w i l l
be preserved i n the records of t h i s Group by retention of a
copy of the report or by other appropriate msthods.

4, Processing Irrvestiaatims of W a r Crimes.

a. The Processing Section w i l l :

(1) Place the investigation i n a case f i l e folder,

(2) &sign a carre f i l e folder number,

(3) Not prepare a sumnary work sheet nor witness

o r suspect e e d s
b. The Inveskigation Section w i l l :

(1) Classify the case only as t o Nationality of

Victims, Accused Custody Status, and Offense Classifications,

92) I>etermina by hasty examination only, whether

a q y i n f o m t i o n therefn is probably needed in developing an
American case.

(3) Determine whether any accused are i n custody,

1

(4) If the hcuaed Custody Statue is A-1 or A-2,

by appropriate moms furnish adequate inf'ormation r e l a t i v e t o '
those in custody t o the Apprehension Section, which Section
w i l l request t h a t they not be further detained unless they are
i n the War Crimes Enclosure i n whi-oh l a t t e r event t h e i r removal
w i l l be effected as an incident of action taken under provisions
of SOP no, 11,
SOP NO. 5, 15 MBy 1947
(5) Forward a copy of the investigation t o the
government whose nationals are involved as victims or t o
DOMmTS, as the case may be; providing, however, that if
nationals of more than one government axe in~olve'dse v i c t i m ,
the governments ooncerned and DOMGUS w i l l be merely notified
of the exlateme of the investigation in accordame wlth
present procedure and, providing, further, thaC even tho-
nationals of only one $overnment are involved, if information
i n the investigation is needed i n the development of an
American ease, such information w i l l be preserved in the
records of thie Group by retention of a copy of the inveeti-
gation or by other appropriate methoda.

(6) If there be only one copy of the investi-

gation, the l e t t e r of tr-ttal t o be .placed i n the case f i l e
folder w i l l s d f i c e f o r future reference purposes.
5, The use of prescribed f o m l e t t e r s i n forwarding the
data contemplated by this SOP t o other nations is authorized.
6. In instances where the investigation so forwarded has
been assigned a caae f i l e folder nuadber by the Processing
Section, care w i l l be exercised t o show that number on the
l e t t e r of tranmittal.

/s/ c , E, Straight
/t/ C* E, mRA1GEC
Colonel, JAGD

Depty Judge Advocate

f o r W a r Crimes

 UNnm STmEs ARMY

TEEATEX JUDGE ADVOCATE'S OrnICE >

WAR CRlMES BIRAmCB

EUROPEAN TECEA!rER a' OPJZIML'IO~ , 5 :

38 A p r i l 1945
,
TO IDVESTIGNQRS ---
(sUG&BPIOIQS
- a'WAR CRIMES

I
~OI][JCTIOI!I
. -
It is not the purpose of the suggestions t h a t follow t o commit

investigating team8 or individual invsst igators t o an malterab l o mthod

of interrogation and preparation of investigation reports. On the

.c-a-y;. it Is believed t o be importent that there be l e f t t o .all .

i~vektigators, a latitude of judgmnt and an e l a s t i c i t y of investigative
priiedure, so %ha.%the courses of action m o ~ tappropriate t o each factval '
eituation .my k z followed.
, &am p m t bterrogations of German prisonera of war, lesson8 have

'been drawn;, through the examinatian of investigation reports heretofore

f m a x d e d t o t h i s Branch, irregularities have been diecovered, Based

on them, certain conclusions have been formed, which are submitted f o r

the omsideration of those charged with the duty of making investigations

and preparing appropriate reports, for? whateva~&%.id they may offer in,

(a) obtaining the maximum of proof a v d l a b l e i n each case ands (b) avoid-
,%the,forward* of incomplete o r def estive reports t h a t w i l l require
subsequSnt correcstiw action.
Nothing cohtained i n the suggestions herein made is t o be con-

strued aa a modification or alteration af the instructions embodied i n

"Appendix An attaohed t o l e t t e r of 24 February 1945, HQ., European T of

Opas, AG 000,T OpJA, subject: "Establishment of W a x Crime Branches".

. . '4oESxON psaD AlmwER ~ O G A T I O I BlmmEmI3

The question and answer form of interrogation is preferable t o the

talrlm of e;n affidavit i n narrative farm. The former has the advantage
of'definitenasa and the feature of can0ahtng the witneest owp worda,
whereaa, the narrative affidavit so frequently embodies g e ~ s r s lstate-
monte and. conclusfons of doubtful probative value,
sEFWUlZ CONE'llTEWDE GJB!MiW P R I S Q U
~ NCW INTERROGATION
=:: A suspect should be separated prior t o and during the cotirse of
iratemcgation. Better progresa can be matie with h i m when he hm been in
separate confinement, The #3sociatianahip w3th other prisoners of
w a s Jm. a tendency t o bolster his courage and w i l l make him less amenable
 t o the s w e s t i o n that he discuss freely %he information desired, He
should not be permitted t o rejoin-other prisoners u n t i l a l l intemiews
contemplated ham been campleted,

-- a'rN'J!ERRmIm OF
PLACE -- GEEZMAm PRLSOIUWS

The selection af appropriate smoandings f o r the interrogation

of' pI+isoners of w a r is of utmost importme, The prisoner should be
handled as t o f e e l seoyre from any reprisal m*$on at the hands of
fellow-pri~oners, This may require the making of a'3Tangewnte f o r his
k&er t o another, camp, He should- qeve, be oalled out af his cam..
pomzd f o r interrogation in such et manne'r aa w i l l disolose t o other
- pisonere the object i n mind,
GERMAN PRISC!X@E EEAR rn REPRISAL , i ) . "

Prisoners msy Indicate a reluctance t o t a l k beoause of a fear that

they rill be t r i e d by sane German m i l i t a r y court (ID(TEDSaBR1CBP) dtb?? - :,
%he war f o r disclosing iaforrplation. Same meJi not lmow the presadt.
lessness facing the N a z i reglme, Their m3nde should be plaoe8- a t ease '' '
and they should be reassured that no reprisal mtion w i l l come t o pass.
Nor should it be Indicated t o the prlsoner that he ma,y be called a ,
witness t o t e s t i f y i n oowrt, This may deter him from talking &eel.$. ,
PRELmmAKP~Wm~SE8 - , .

ae GenerrtlQ. Infarmal interviwtm had with Htnessea prior $0 the

t a k b g of their written test- w i l l servet t o aoqaaint the illterz:o-
gator with the p a r t i ~ u l a rtestimony that the witness is prepmed'to givo
and w i l l aid materially in a coherent demLopment of the facts dvkihg' -,
the recorded interrogation, It is seldom that a successful exmlnation
o a be conducted without the benef'it of prior interview,
b. German prisoners of wm, It is not infrequent that the f i r s t
interview x l t h a Gemm pisoner prodwes very l i t t l e information 'and .:
that subsequent I n t e r v i m will find the prisoner ready' t o talk freely.
E aircumst~wsespermit, at 16-t tbr?e fnterv3swa should be held before
it is concluded that the prisoner w i l l not furnish helpful. informatim.
.. L .
& I

. .".
When prisoners of w a r are fI=% interviewed (before t h e i r ream&-
testimony is taken) it is considered iaebdv2aable f o r a number of pereons
t o be present, It i s believed that better results w i l l be obtained:
pre2imtmu-y interviews are ccaidusted by only one interrogator. With "
several pesent, the p r i e o m ~ometimesfears that a trial is i n progress
-
or perhapa even that he is on trlal "and forms a r e s i s t m e t o Oumld3li
-
ing information. In order t o g6t. s priswr t o "open upn, there is ao
substitute f o r gaSnixg his confidence and havllag quiet, unostentatlm
t a m wikh himi
 a. GaneralQ, Jf a key witness e~~ only a foreign language
testiFies t o v i t a l f a t s on W M C ~ the prosecution~scase m y d e p n c ~it ~
is considered advisable that, _ in addition t o the teatimany developed
through the w e of an interpreter, the witmrjs also be requested t o give
a statement i n narrative f o m i n hie cvwn haadwriting, Partioularly
should t h i s praatice be followed in instances where the witness msy be
hostile t o the prosecution o r ' i s a'the type that may be apt t o change
h i s testimony at a lat,er date. The ocomicn may a r i s e when the witness
w i l l have t o be impeached and the i n t e r p e t e r and other parties t o the
interrogation may not be available as witnecses, Under such eireum-
-
stamea,, a statement written by him wiU be of inestimable value, In
-
addition, this w i l l eliminate any claim subsequently a d v m e d t h a t
the witnoas &sunderstood the interpreter or vice versa.
b German prisoners of wm2. When it is believed that the inter-
rloWa-hv4 netted ~8 much info-tim eg can be obtained, pencil and
papr lshould than be made available t o the prisoner so that he may record
h i s ~ l t o r yi n hio own handwriting, A good approach t o obtaining such a
writing i a t o t e l l the primner %hat In order t o avoid any misander-
e*andAng of' what he baa said, it t;t be best f o r him t o put the %acts
in his awn b d w r i t l n g ; t h a t the record -11 then be ole= and wlmis-
%&able. JX this. appromh is cmually mada, it probably w i l l be found
that t k e prisoner w i l l readily w e e t h a t this is the best course t o
f o l l m . The average German prisoner lzae been found. t o possess an ex-
t r a weetlmess f o r wautbg t o wri%e, He likes t o exeroise +hi 19.1-*ram
talents he beliemfl he posaesses, He should be given ,,:.sf_";-j- of"t-.:vic
which t o do this writing aad should be l e f t alone u ~ ~ do-
r a it,
Almost invariably, the inZormation he s e t s out 'int h i s w i t l n g ill be
ap amplification of what he previously related,

A written statemsnt of the kind above mentioned haa inestimabEe

value, In the first place, it carries great weight as having been
voluntarily give^., It is i n the prisoner8s own words atad exprassioxls
and eliminates any claim of misunderstanding or misinterpretation t h a t
the accused may desire t o advance on the trial. It m ~ ay b o i3em the
very useful purpose of be* exhibited t o other prisoners.of war i n an
attempt t o procure stataments from tham about the same matter, It is
saggested t h a t no series of interviews with a prieoner of w a z be con-
cluded without first Wing available t o him pencil and paper,

--
OATH OR AFFIImA!PIrn

No witness should object t o either swearing'or affirming t o the

testfmoqy he glves. XE' he is unwilling t o do so, his testfmoay shauld
be reduced t o writing together with a l l reasom be may a d m e f o r his
~ l l i n g n e s st o swear or &firm thereto. It should be borne mind
h m w r , that such testfmony is not t o be considered by the Investigator
as having probat ive value ija *esen%* 'a * p r hfacie case, utiLees it
is in the nature of a confessicn or admission against interest,
Interpreters and reporters shoulb"a.1~0be sworn; The better - --i:, ,r.

practice i s t o s e t out %heform of oath a n f a t e r e d t o witness, -fn-:'~c

X L :\

t;erpret&r and reporter, inatead of merely ' W c a t i n g that an oa-bh w; s.-:

given. . . , t 3

,
. a
. ' <
.,
%
-, *
., - I I* - .
mLOm m. Qu&IFICmIms .a? m - .
. -
." , l.. -
:.'1 -
2 .

,.?
.C .
6

M t a r the interpreter or any ex$erb.wi.&ness is sworn, Z;heLkPB~t .

tig&ltor ahould develop by appropriate interrogation the fall q u a l S i w . '. -.Y
oa%%omof such interpretlsx 'br expert f o r the recmd, The educaticmp :r,:,;,
% r a w ,experieme, e t ~ , , qualify3@ such psrsan t o serve 2n the?<r;: .- ,
capacity of i . n % % v e t e ror eqb-rt 7&b.e88 should be established; Do
no% let the record show oaly a caked oonqPwion by the i n t e r p e t e r - o r
expert wftness t h a t he considera UglsfjU qualified f o r the par*ticul&ri-,
tmk, ._
r ;' ;

3EUBP,Y TO BE AVO=
,
t

- (., 1d

Testimony adduced should &%Srmatimlyshow t h a t it is basedb=-

persona2 know1edge, It should learn no fxrtimatian or implication .the%
At might be baaed on hearsay, In s ~ v e r a ilnstances, the testimony of ,'
w-i%aesaes taken in m i d a v f t f o m baa flailed t o indicate clearlg- tUt .-.. 1.

it w m baaed on the witnesssso o m lzazmledge; When teetimany is lef* in: :

dLa a form so mcertain and anbiguow, it is open t o the r i s k of being .
rejected as hearsay,
,,

COLaRED T m m m
When the ~ & O M P ~ . J ~ - ? Ss e oppressed who have scare t o s e t t l e n with I

erne aecufled or the Nazi forces generally, a~~ inquiry and a p p r a s a l

shoulPd be made f o ~ t e U ~a personal
e design t o obtain revenge, . -
motavates t h e i r aetfone When,~nchalreumatames are present, t h e i r
storfes s b d d be probed ~ar&uUy, X the h m s t i g a t o r concludes t h a t
prejuafse or f11all is present, givihg r i s e t o colored testimony, a ,
c-nt t o t h a t effect should aesompany'the report. ( j

*.-
-.: J r .I

,
In a few instatlses shocking .t;&eB a' atroelties have Wen related
by soldlers of our forces, which upon close iavest.Qation, were found t o
be baseless, Such tales may be dne t o men%& aberration, t o the
desire t o t e l l a s t s q of adventure or may be inspired by an e f f o r t t o
obscure some wrongdoing on .%b iafkmuuit..oa part; In one case, a soldier,
eltlfmlng t o be the only essapee frak'an-'atrociats murder of a number g:
aol&lws related a graphic dedcripbiolz &--the alleged crime, A semc&-
irzg h t ~ : m c g a t i 8 n t h a tfolloweddieeLolsedthat the informant wm-~c.
desert;^ and ooneeiwd the h a of' teLU.ng th5s stary t o cover up his,
desefiion; A eheck of G-2 Worma%isnf o r tmticetl dlapositians and
order of b a t t l e , r e s o r t $0 maps of t h e alleged sector invo1,ond aazd an.
i n s p a t i o f t of p e r t i m n t physical f a c t s i u q a i d in t e s t i n g the tru%h sf
t h e stor;y,

3Cf t h e prisoner m e g e t s t h e idea t h a t someone e l a e who ha^ know-

ledge of t h e fwts is about t o talk and incriminate him, it wflP hasten

hia desire t o talk. The average German prisoner of w a r possessas a

strong feeling Lhat he must help M w e l f wherever he can arod if he

thinks t h a t t h e matter under inquiry i s g o i w t o corns . t o Ugh% anywqy,

he usually evidences a ready desire t o be the one t o reveal. it,

It fa 310% unusual t o f :;nL zc prisoner who i s implicat;ed I n an inoi-

den* - upon realizing,the seriousness of h i s s i t u a t i o ~ ,offer tcr give

L e s t % m wt h a t a1 s others,
He mey seek soma p r i r l l e g e o r

1 il'lcrl~?x-,~:t
fmmmi%yf o r do* so, The power t o pant immuni%y does not r e s t i n

those charged with the duty t o investigate and t h e prisoa.er should be so

advised,

EKHIBITS - FOUNDATION IKlIEXCE TO

- SUPPOm
A photograph o r other exhibit (such a s a service record or pass book
taken from a prisoner) is not admissible in evidence sSm9l.y because it
is attached t o a report of i9vastigation and r e f e r r e d t o by t h e 1mast;igator-
Examiner as an exhibit, The photograph becarnee admissible aa c m p % e ~ t
proof, only when t h e r e appears sworn testfmony by a perscn having 'laac~w1.edge
of' t h e f m t s t h a t it is a correct reprodv:C,t3n 9f a c e r t a i n object, nw
individual, a scene, or whatever it purport*; La depict, S i m i h r l y , - . - a,-..

a r t i c l e taken from a prisoner of war become admissible only &en GB~PLC

i s compe%mt proof as t o i t s ownership, w e or possession and Chis mus%
be furnished by a person who la*-~ c ~ r a o n knowl3dge al thereof, to
e i t h e r %he pho-bograph o r t h e a r t i c l e , no b e t t e r proof: c m be adduced
than t h e adn2ssfon of t h e prisoner involved in t h e 9ncidem-b t h a t %ha
photograph i s a aorreet one ox t h a t t h e a r t i c l e belonged t o him 02.w a s
used a% t h e t f m cf t h e incident, as t h e ease may be, Every p h o k ~ r a p h
o r obJect 3det;Lifiod ,hould be i d t i a f l e d by t h e ider~t-Siyi.ngvitaeas and
the lattleraa sworn teslfmony should show how he marked Jt for i d e ~ - b W 9 -
cation, The e a i b f t nmber given by t h e L n v e s t i g a t ~ rto such photcgra.ph
or ssBtiele ahouLd appear Ln t h e t r a n s c r i p t of' in3erroga+v%f;P~n a% the point

t the witness is aatablished.

where i d e r ~ . t W i e a by

lUUS!PWIOX8 An ambulance containing two m h i s e gm =d other

weapons was &%mn by four G e m s in%o a tm oocupiad by A m e r i a m
troops. As t h e t o m was entered, t h e G e ~ n a n abegan t o f i r e :from tk@ am-
bulance on h r i o a n troops, The ambulance was stopped m d the nul$rf t s
taken prisoners. In t h e favastigation t h a t folloved, a ~ a%nvestig&or who
arrived on t h ~stem t h e next day undertook t o ccrSSf y t h a t pho-l;ographs
a%tac.hedto %he report were t r u e pictures of t h e ambulme i n ~ o k ~ r a d How ,
a d he know% Obviously, only through hearflay. Several Ameriem soldiers
who s%appad%he r>s>-L.
t o id.~xatX,y phc 1 Ly,-

"
.
I

r--*---,,
md @ ~ ~ % ~ a%%B
- r s .3f %h@
3 ' eQ
d C C U ~ W6Fe

guilty of this o f f ~ a w am r a interufewed and gav8 t e ~ t i m n ybut

asked t o fd.eK3a.ify the pho%cgrapheor ~ k ~ a l ~ s ,

-I1;1lDEXI?IC~EQB
---.-.. CbFs --
lLXEM!C UX,US
-I-

- p r I s w ~ e x bre

ks&nfw s a ~ h~ % d n ~ e sfL
%ha$ the mowed 5s ~.p-t~
-----
n X G -=.Z- r n D G mF22a

mgatJ?r%in all respea%~%hem prcb~iblr3d@f(r'~ses,

3 X Z U ~ W---.
a i d m.e~o~%%--poof'

.P7hSedefense,
p-

h e w %MEof his o m p@raaml'hm&eQe, C h sav@rrdlO B Q ~ ~ O S L reports

have dise&oesd txl?fflbH%a by intna$%%e;en6cg
the p q e % r a % o rweare
&a% h i 8 ems1wilasa
~ me&@r~of B O pY"PY"P"l..axXLar
~

~ % O U Q ~T ~ ~ C Zare
this %&ormati m3 tha%r %6etf31ieqy eB i..~13S?be cls.~e%opedi%a%,ly,

.>-.--

I O E : The dxw~qedi a ehw-gad 3"Ph mw9h%ae

-
I

The logical def"sma viP3. bs %ha% %Be acrmed rzo~bds o t determstrri-, fv?his

--- --=-

If agv @as@ of %heXrkv6~1j~.ga%%on

d t n e a s ar smyeet 2s & I V ~ ~ B ; ~ resor%
~~

HEEPAf CQ%DEKQN W SUSFECb? OR IKfDES

- ---.- -
+
~ ~ Sbl 8 ~6b3Ptioll
abul.me@rn we31 as p i ~ t u r e eof %he
weapom m d artfcLc;ie bakm from %he &:man prisoners, yet none was asked
to do 80 in %he s%at@mn%s %hat were %&en from tb.em. The German prisoner0
~ none w a s

%en %estimn,y e l f s i t e d refera to the pazrpetratoxs as being members

of' eerta-n emmy m 3 % a g it .ehould agpsar &fLma.Sf~@&y that the witness
ctffiser~to +Jha effect that
wm nothing %a show %ha% the wifnass knew thie of his own howBedge, nor
based OE, W % e b a l2 "+, J o m d - s , G-2 and S-2
&iPer & Battle Work Sheets1,or the %%Icez GOD' .-t?:.lng enkriea of prisoners 1
o r g a n i z a t f ~baaed 09 their o m e%a%em.lrtsa re 'ual%svsdto hagre some
probatfve v-alus, &an such Journal e ~ _ d ; r %
EI

wit but there

mes ~c,vaiJbablap duly e , w r t f f i ed

extract oopise s h ~ U dbe attmhsd to fh@ report, Inx %&is somection, it
shcsgld be borne in Mnd. t;%& %here dl8 nc %~~9-\3mcr,y
f(2rsa than the ad3eissim.s c$ pr.Kw3n~lrsthem- * -r em
of ~ t r o n g wprobative
t.be ::zt?te they
b ~ b o n gtn a d the P&@xxl-,ft;y 02 t h e t-xgm.lna.%.p,x.,-. 13% were , s p ~ ~
s eerb&n place, I&@W~T@~
s t at
fng
w%Linp; t o give

rn l3-mnIx1-1n G- T----"-
rnrnOrn

, is w412 %O m t l ~ i p a t ~the

th - " - 8" ?m3zs,y in %he light of BUG? 5.1:- * ? Y t4d d.efo.m~, tihat dersnae would
you r 2 . i ~if~ ycm w9rs rsprqse.Ting .:di T h s a,nevn73r to that query should
driu tamA13.e the c o - i s e f n bos % ~ 1 : ~ 0 wn : ~ d~ * V ( % $ O ~ ~ D%ha
e defense
GQ ~ . . U T O ~ SF - f;h.t, t r f d - ~f %he case and develop

Q +,est1~!t>ny
so as to

gutm3.w m d f ea%
ddffrd"cl:*Q-estab; 4 x 3 8 the p.,omnisafon of %hf9 act,

%hs% t7& victims mrs aid men ,%ad%ha% he c m i d e r s d ?hem to be

eonraba% i ~ i 0 3 = d i @ r ~ ,Unless %Irafacts .?~?b~%%-Rng
%he mewed %a $he aid mda, 1 9 %,"rhe
% U s d.ef@mwm a f u l l y de-
m l o p d (br ahm9ng that *he w8a+qhez vaa 19i3ar, %he close p-oxfmfty of
cow% may foe1 PmpelSed t o accept

---
shoald advances the suggestion that
%he mn%dLit$of efther s w%n.8sa or s 8-wpc-b f a in questif an., and euch
~ B L B ~sbo&l?d B8 had to a p ~ y ~ g l i a t r i c
s ~ ~ t i if o an competent psychiatrist can be obtained f o r such pur-
pose. The psyehfatrist os testimony, i n such case8 should also be developed
under oath m d made a p& of the record,
ES!TABLBm 9 IDENTITY QF SUSPECL'S &
lA' WIXI'MESSES

If, i n the course of interrogation, a prisoner of w a r is mentioned

who w i l l be wanted as a suspect ar needed as a witness, the investigator
should endeavor t o obtain a l l poseriblo inPomation t h a t all aid i n lo-
cating him. In addition t o matters of -personal description, such infoma-
t i o n arj his l a s t k l b m place of' detentim, the units that took him
captive, the p1w.e where he waa captured, ete., may 56 ~ s i a t a n e ei n
findigg hfm,
If a witness identifies a prisoner of wax -
or other suspect, a
photograph, if available, should be atteched, Do not 1.et the record
merely r e c i t e his name, if more inform~tioni s obt&able,

When a eonf"ess1m is obtained, the sworn- tsstfmw of e w h person

present dur- the course of interrogation and at the time of coafessing
should be taken and included in the record. This testimony should s h m
the circumstm.ss under which the confession w a s obtained and that no
force, threats or other acts showing i n v o l ~ ~ a r i n e s soeswred,
, Without
such testjtmmy (a) the necessary predicate f o r the ~ s a i o a d a the con-
f e e s i a on the trial may not be available and (b) rebutting proof may not
be a ~ c e s s i b l sshould it be charged on the trial that the c o d e s s i m wm
improperly obtained,
If the e ~ ~ s s s i oi an i n the prisonerts o m handwriting, the sworn
testimony of' each person present during the oourse of int,erroga.Gfon and
at the tlm of the delivery of the ccnf'essfon shou%dbe take2 and in-
cluded in the reeord, It should disclose the o i r c w t a ~ e e sof delivery
& the co&esafm - when, where and t o whom delivered., Ln addition, the
testimony of the author of the confession should be %&en shoving that
it i;s"b~~t'i:eLy In his o m handwriting and that it w m a voPmtaq actP
f r e e of t h r a a . b Y , e,ornpulaian or the like. The mere $m,S that *he inma-
tigator 'has s aaxfesaion i n the prieonerqs m handmitfng does not ipao
-
f m t o render 1% admissible, Proof supplying the proper predicate f o r
i t s introduction is necessary. The investigator shovl%d develop the proof
in the reeord en the sams manner and t o the stme ~&en.t as jd" he were
seeking t o obta3.11 the ad?nissim of the conf"ess1ca on the trial of the ease,

The refusal 0% accused t o be p l a e d mdsr oath before his testimony

is taken, is immaterial. Soms German soldiers have been taught ln mflitary
courses of hu,atl-u?.tion never t o take an oath, The administering of an
oath i s not a, prerequisite t o the validity of a confession or the use of
admiasicxw against Interest.
 When tsetimony talcmi cxf %Jf*aasea refleets a 9&+:c:4 on a mat@rIal

poi.n%, an et?f'& &oaB be r e d @ t o rmwPle the disereparby, It may be

8saeseaz-y t o r e - ~ R e m i e wme or o;If swB witmseee *o see if an

error hae m B bmn made by o w or %b@ o%hbo ' A wi%nese Is entitled.to

oorrtlet s mie%eirCs 3f he ehoo~ed+o 80 doo

,
- ?

~ m m
- --
AmGF-mm ,,
(3zmlm P R m m
. u r u -c-..-- .
r a-

A U prfsumre of war vho gfm mterf;ttP. tss%imnayor make caaieaelone

s h d d be -photogram gxad b%nger-grin%ed, !I% rceaord
@ shcs#ld kt&'
B W teati-
~ (of o m b~bg knowXadg@

of the f'wts) of the eorrectneee
d the ph~tw~p
t mha f ~ i q p q r f e t aand ga & e t & l ~ dbserip-bion

of the per-

S a %O wh- % b y wZ%Zl%g.a FBf8 XI.U Elem $0 C O ~ ~ P - W ' ~m C B claim of

1
mristaken iden%$%$ $h% IWJ be esrreerl.eci &'Oh@ trial, I

a, The t~~l%m taban & BF@ wi%n@ssrae fra an Smfd&e%often leaves

a vofd ae to a ma%.~rial elemwxk of =pww&~O ~ ~rsdcm B of %h rmord, it
c a m a ~ tBs
1~3~mmrk
-4;1B.@tla!$k ';bWbn@aw T w cwf%hma-b
of proofo or 8h@3hdxhh@Ln~~9&~fga'!v,>r
~ !
bfc&%
cfmrLadmd the dIrea%lng-
on on %ha.
c& ern. approprj&s &,qu.$ry % Q ~ @ T L " I ~a
Wbn ~ ,.ma.t;@rf al wf+,ness is unablet to
OeetWy to a m or ~ W ~ 02 P -)jB@~L-m9~++3,'cf pkuof' that ma wwPd ncamdly
bxp@a%%o be 'wi?~aPa,mch c ~ , % ~ ' P B B C * ~ p . ~ w L ~ %here
~ d p , shnai$d 'be ametB1nag
set ma%in $he rey& $ha% &~SC;LQB@B t.k~+ $he x I S S , ~ ~ P B ~ B I is 9nfirfomd 6.p
saeh fwta, 1% fB xegflf ~ e d L-k f a ~ c " t Iw bee% prac?%fPaat o shuw Ijy
a w3%mase haw mph h~ &manct knuw abouG %h$ anstt3x mhr inquiry, h
%b.& 3% h a 8 t%d@B?,~ %9 WB&$1i52 ~OBf%f*gr!?w80f %h& he %B able to
fkm9.shO Hm-s~m,.t,h3 atggeat%esnb.@r/q~ d ~ m a@mdbe me%, f - s i l l ~ , if the
famatigatox. m%L allrmp&y i c e L u b ,LIT, his &paH:, a eta%eme,~ton s separate
shest (/,not,%o be a p s t & 6h3 :Yx~komc"~at-imJ c-dL39ag atfentfsn t o the
fmt that appresfetke Anqxxtrisa mrs wile of %h@
matarfa3, m%tara, bu% %ha-!>%h@
wltmss 'ae t o the o%hm
cpitaeas TF& not e b l s t o testify thexet~ 1
.of' hie man ls~mrLadgs,
XIJXJmRBatHON:: An a.LRf~dpLm'e a crwh lbandl5ng, The pi1ot
Shro- CP~WIX WQp- a d ww $ B $ W & ? o -Re' ~ 8 L 6 1 ~ b Ef B by
~ troop8
ahokb 4 h eye w%%n%a~Go t h . 3 ~a%X'~6$%3-
~ 'wtW"-h*@FfYfd%519d0 uthmgh he
aaw %be p i 10%~he ~ I . S ma'ta$~t a t933 wb9he* Be ma Ankriean or BTftish,
There wm ] n o % h3x1 ~ +he % n ; l ; s r r o g %a ~ndiaa%w %ha% the -&%~@BB was
asked fns d~aez3'iscs%h@ 1d.e~~GZf e a $ i o ~m m k ~QD. %99 plane d k h a g h the
, 3

tJeethmy ~ h m d oLeuupv wd=h@ssma e1ae;e t o the plane sad ob-

s e m d It, In %hat; s%&e a!? the reerdd? t b e a n e r waa bf't t
jestme ers %cs whether %he 4Bbft,n~sahad h e n in%m~oga%ed
m e &' the a d f*@ fd-fjigl* &?,%XI o
on the a'"m ?
,
"C='
f-
<=

b,,
 b. It i s w e l l t o bear in mind, constantly, that the witness whose
test* is taken (unless he be an accused) doubtless w i l l not be present
when the cam is tried. The ~ o s e c u t i o n l scase m a ~ rhave t o stand or f a l l
on the b a i a of the witness? testimony aa developed by you. It is
important, therefore, t h a t the f a c t s be developed clearly and in an ad-
-
missible manner t o the f'ull IimSts of the witness ' personal howledge.
E S T A B L I S W CB' PRlMA FAClE CASE

Before the investigation is completed end the report prepared, it

i s well t o ponder the question of whether the prosecutor t o whom the
e a e w i l l be assigned can present, on the bmia of the record made, a
case on which he can expect a conviction, The investigator must aasume
t h a t there w i l l be nothing available t o the prosecutor dehors the record -
the fnvestigator has prepared. Does the record present competent evi-
dence b t o each elemsnt t h a t c-titutes an essential part of the offense
chtu-gedt If' not, have a l l available sources of infomaation been
exhausted t o supply the missing linlr i n the chain of necessary proof?
 IEBJTP TlBA!Tm (JhT13GEADVOCATE~SOFFICE:
WAR CRIMES l3WUCH
URlTED STNES FaReES, EUROPEAN THEATER

633
29 Ootober 1945
WGZ
I TO "SUGGESPIQHQSTO SIVge961GATQRS OF WPLR CRIMES"

1, Reference 9s made t o ' q ~ e s t 9 a n tso Investigators of V a r Crimesn,

Thea-ber Judge Adaroeatsos Wfieee, Maz Crims Rranch, European Theater of
3 p w a k i m &%ed 18 April 1945, copies or which were widely dl~trfbutied
%o var srfms f i e l d agemies and q single copy delivered t o all crfficers
re~sxstingfor dutr with %his branch,

2, The reug~estfombexein&ter made are intended t o supplement those

c~2ntdradd&A ' ~ , ; ~ r s t f a nto
s & ~ @ ~ % i g a t oOfx sW m Crimesn referred to i n
the pacedi= pamgraph,

3 , It i s a s w i d e r e d desirable f o r %he f'aLlowing f o m t o be used i n

mesring F P ~ * ~ ~ X ~ S stmmgraphfa
SBB~ reporters a d Eaterpreters, respectively,
during the e m a s of in~8stfgatioa,

a, " Y Q ~ swear (or & : C i m ) %ha-%%he ev9denC:e you shall give i n

t h i s f ~ ~ 9 s t i g a % $namn befw cm&aetsd by um s h a l l be the truth, t h e whole
ruth and no-bhing but %he truth, So help you God,"
) hat you w3lb faithfully perform the
b, @You s w w i r (or a ~ f f m %
du%jes of' repo.rkl@rfa t h f s faa~ss$fgat5annow b e f q collducted by ms,
8s help you God,

a, "You e:mw (or affirm) t h a t yon w i l l truly interpret i n t h i s

Snmst;igatlion EOW kaa2ng eondu~bgd'og n ~ , So help you God,

4, In the even%a -lv"f.bne~s(for l m t m e , a pathologist) i s to t e a t i f y

In Gh@ aap8fifty an a x ~ r - b
c~.tLnesa or %he ~ e m b s e aof an interlffeter are
a P profdssi~mhk
r e q ~ r e dfor an i j ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r ~thb . : ~ o ] n . ~ qualWieations of such
&tabs@ or fr5ewprsker ~ $B e2 firs%asfablished by appropriate exam-
.?~w.*~%on which should l~akad-@ proof cci" %ha fizdev-V411dseducation, pertinent
%r&~1S% and e p r % e % a In each sapw,fty, m d i : ~ ttha &me of iaa3erpreters,
their years of raafdema in b r i a s and other eoymiriea, The Esupported
amckm3;x z?f' an ind1vf d u a to Kle @ffea%tiha% he is an expert or an i a t e r -
prwbes 2-s mr43 B ~ s~m3.n~ X andd ~f M Q probatf T T ~va3,aze0

5 1% 5s o r & l m f @ d@s%rablet o Enelude as exhibits a map or over-

=
1 % ~of %he 8C(?,Fs3 t>h@~ r f m
m3,U-tary map of the w@s,
B Q~
.pko%ogz 3.,.-
QP.~~---*~ ?
'+'17 adeq'11&teQ described
6: * s seem o f the crime
+

s9;xpporbed by the sworn testfmny or a .bersoa naring kn0w1,~~dgeof' the

n.eeas.emr f w t a .
*
 6 Where a confession is obtained from au accused, a EZ: ~ ~ ~ u cef2c1rt
i l . ~
should be made t o obtain proof of the corpus delioti. Swh pros9 should
not only s h m the commission of the w a r crime t o which the accused has
confessed, but 3 3 possible, it ehould connect the accused directly with
the offeaase,
7, Attention is invited t o l e t t e r , Headquarters, European Theater of
Operations, United States Army, f i l e AI: 210~6MPMGA, subject n "Investigations
i n Connectim with Alleged War Crimssn, dated 15 A p r i l 1945, which provides
that a l l eonnniseioned officers msigned t o duty with the W a r Crimes Branch
of the Judge Advocate Division at t h i s or other headquarters in t h i s theater
are, within the purview of Lwticle of Wm 114,'7d6.t;ailed t o conduct such war
crimes investigations as may be directed,
"

8, It i s suggested that the following f o m of affidavit be used by the

war @rimsofficser who directs and supervises the talc* of s t i l l pictures
f o r war crimes purposes.

being by
(Name) (Rank) (Branch) ( M )
me duly sworn, upon h i s oath, deposed and stated aa foblows t o w i t x
That he has been a s s b e d t o war crimes investigative duties by duly
constituted authority; that he was present a% the time and directed and
supervised the taking of the photograph affixed t o the reverse side here-
of, which photograph is marked Exhibit-and bears his personal signature;
t h a t said photograph was taken on the -day of 194-3 at
; t h a t it is a t x e and correct reproduction of snd accurately
depicts the foflcvwfng scene aa 5% appeared at said time and.place ( ~ e s c r i b e
the permn, bu.%bd$lag, or phylsioa3 f wts reproduced),

( ~ i g n a t u r eof War Crimes Investigator)

Subscribed and sworn t o before me, the undersigned authority on t h i s
b y of 194-0

-(signature of OffPicer Administering

Oath)

(N-, Rank, Branch, ASN, Official

Capacity)
 '.'
9, With respect t o exposed mo'8ie fiJr-:;s it is believed both practicable
aznd extrtmmly desirable that reducstion f i S e be returned t o the war crimes .
&fieer who aaapemisedl a d -d*eated %he a h o ,~ing of the scene or some other
offisex who -tam p s s e n t and fs famiPiar wfth the facts, in order t h a t an
& f l b v . t may be made as t o acowaay of' the scene depicted, Bquiry
also re.^^ that projectors are available f o r t h i s purpose, at l e a s t at
Ooxps and higher 1 e m U , It l a suggested t h a t the follming fo m of
&fida8ft be ased by w m arSmss inmatigat@ officers f o r t h i s purpose,

being by
Qm- > (Rank,) (Brmh) (ASIT)
m~ duly BWOIX~, upon Me oath, deposed and stated ae f o l l m s t o w i t :
Tha5he h m been aaeigned t o war crimes investiga%ive duties by duly /

~8m%%$aXfjed ~lpxthorifq; that, in snch eapaofty, he waa proaent at the t W

and d i r ~ t s dand supervised the t&bg of motion picture film, IIB no;
; that s d d fih T ~ B %&en OD tlhe Waf 194-, at
g t h a t he baa vi$w@dsuch motion picture f i l m projected
onz a mrSen and %ha.%it i s true etna eomeo.G reproduction 02 and m c u r a t e v
depicts ths lo%loerbg seen@aa it appeared at said time aad plceee:
(Ib~sasfbsthe parson, bwLld&w, or physical facts reproduced),

(~lgnatureof W a r Cki1pt3s kvestigator)

Subrssribad a ~ sdworn t o before m, the undersigned authority on
%b%a gay ~f 194-.,

(Slgna%ure of Officer Administering

Oath)

(flame, Rank, Brmch, ASN, Official

Capacity)

/a/ 6, B, Mickelwait,
-- It/ Co Bo MICBELWAl!2,
CoEollel, J W D
Deputy Theater Judge Advocate,
 -=

7708 WAR CR3[MES GROUP

rno.Ew4.N C o I m m D

SUBJXX ,O Standard Case Analysis EJomemlatures,

1, S t a u w d case analysis namelaclatures axe necessary i n

order t h a t adequate a d detailed infarmation may be av&la3ls
f o r variom purposes, including the m a ,w of reports t o higher
k
authority and the maintenance of p r i o r i t i e s i n the development
of oases. Those adopted are s e t f o r t h in the attached Chart A,
'Standard Case Analpis Nomenclatures, "
2, Gate~orieaof Information: Five general categories
ham bem sePeeted aa follows:
Proof--Degree of Completion
Victim Categories
I ETationality of Viotims
Accused Custody Statw
OfYense Classiffcatfom
E m h general category is further subdivided into 6etall{?d
oatcgories aa hdAeatad i n the attached C h a r t A,

3, E
U of Standard Gme Andyeis Nomenclatures bg
Vmfm Wlanehes.
These st-d nomsmS8tures w i l l be u t i l i z e d by a l l branches,
Reoorda rela-bive t o trial status of cases, and &pprova2, con- -
flrma-bim, and execution of sentames, eto,, ~ 2 1 1 be mafntained
by the Post T r S d Branch in aeeordance with i ~ t r - u c t i o n sout-
s f de thfs SOP,

,Is/' C. E, Straight
/t/' C, E, STRAICrar
CoLowl, JAGD
Deputy Judge Advocate
f o r Wax Crimes
$. bas
Ch& A
 -C E- A- R- T- A-
STABDARD CASE ANALPSIB NCMEIVCUlWXfB

1, Proof-agrees of Complstimr

U: List ccmpleted, cam ready for trial a ~ a h e a t l l accused.

U-a IC case@referred f o r trial, being tried, or trial ccmpleted.
El. L i s t case, ready for trial aa t o one or more, but not all,
wewed;
T,la L-3. cases referred f o r trial, being tried, or t r i a l completed,
L-2 List QaSe capable cYf being placed In LC category,
L-3 Liet 0-8 capable of be- placed qtxickly in L-1 category.
%=a4 Other list c u e s , l i e , , which frcnn the information on hand
deselose the oomrmlssfan actr war c r ~ a ,
SR Spssf al Refereme, a owe where (1) It is not olear that a
war er- hem been ommitted, ar (2) no additional
frawstlgatiorr is nav wwraated, auad (3) the f i l e l a kapt
alive i n aticiipation of recslvtng further evidenoe.
XF-IL Index and F i b oms in whioh no further inmstlgatian of the
atrooity, in801v3ag mly other nationale, is ooa.temg;lated--
a oopy having been f ~ . s h s tdhe b t e r e a t e d g o v e ~ ~ t a , '
IF-2 I n b z an8 F i l s e w e involving an h r i u a u victim i n an
f n o i d e n B of such miaxor importme as t o make further wtim
a% my time mwamanted,

IT-3 Ckoaed admAn2strati~~l.y

because case is ua9ouaded.

ZB"-4 Closed admbl~tra%9prely

because of illetaff ioient evideme.
IF-5 Closed a&n%n$stra%9~ely beeawe meused w e dead,
2, -- i c t i m Ca%eg~xf
V es:
- 1 AviatClPS

V-2 Paratroopers

-3 Mellfed.personnel

v-4 mus

8-5 Other m f l f t a q personnel

V-6 Politfcag prieoaers

TT-'j' Forced letbmere

8-8 J ~ B

IT-9 a h e r e.ivfUaa~l

'8-10 Jrmatea of oontrentratfon csaps

8-11 &mates of murder factories

V-3.2 Hostwea

m United s t a t e s

MBu Amtralia

NAIS kimtxf a

RB Britfeh

me Belgimn

lrEBu l3ulgarier

 C&rndet
Chisla

Gzeehoslovakia

Desk
fiance
Greece

H W ~ Y

Italy

J~xoslavia

Luscenibourg

Lith~ia

ITeGherlmds

Romay

Mev Zed.and

Poland

Rmsfa
Sonth M r i ~ a
u-0-m
4, k c w e d . Gwk&9:S t a t w :

A-l A 1 1 m&ssd in euatody.

A-2 A% %east one, bat not all, accused i n custody.

Ac-,3 Bono of meused in custodys

[The a.&er of weused involved in each case w i l l be shown by

placing t h e appropriate figure in parentheses foll&ng the
m~usrsdouetody s t a t u s symbol, e,g,, A-3 (14) ).

Mw&era
womd8d,
Murder GI?
w m o
Tortwe,

Aasau1-h r e s u l t i n g in great bodily ham.

resulting in bodily haY?n,

A~slaul..~

&saultt.
S%er%lfzation,

E n t h ~ i a ,

Guinea pig exprimenis.

Mistraatment .

Rape md s a d i s t i c treatment,

Forafng t o work on military defenses.

Forcing t o work on other operations d i r e c t l y r e l a t e d t o wax.

Torefng t o work under f i r e .

Wtlseatment of dead,

F&%ng 0s. anibulances.

A%%w.khgo r bombarding h o ~ p i t a l s .

Approprfat%cm of' Red Cross packwea.

Using ambulances t o c a r r y troops or ammunition,

155

0-21 Conee.n%xations a p , insluding all offenses.

0-22 Misuse of Red Cross flag or smblem,
0-2h Arsaa,
0-25 pi1-e lootb%,
0-26 Death marches.
0-27 Dmxlal & due process;
0-28 Orders not to pro%eet aviators.
0-29 Orders not to protect other PWls.
0-30 Orders not to %&e P W q ~ .
0-31 Orbrs t o k i l l aviators,
0-32 Orders t o k i n other PWqs
0-33 Other illegal orders,
0-3 ~efd& l quarter;
,,of
0-33 Firing oh undefended ]Localities.
(2-36 ~onibardlqp r i d l e g e d buildings other than hospitals.
0-37 FirZlag on flag of truce,
8-38 Abuse of f CXC truce,
0-39 Making UBQ of poisoned and'6$K0rwise.. ~ 8 1 a forbidden a r m and
~ . B . t i ~ ,
0-40 'Ereachorow reqmst f o r quarter,
Q-41 Improper use of privileged buildings far m i l i t a q y purposes,
042 11%-trea-&;mmt of' inhabitants i n occapied territory;
Q43 R s i d or r a f l f g f m persecution, ,

0-kh
0-45 .
Destmetioa sf' churches,
113egaX r s p r i s d e
 -m=
7708 WAR CRIMES GROUP
EuROPEAm CQMMAmD

sol? NO0 7, 15 May 1947

ShTB6Em: Establishment and Maintenance of P r i o r i t i e s i n the

Development of Cases.

1, Attention is inPited t o the following:

SOP no. 8,subject: n ~ t a n Case
~ d ~
n a l y ~ i s
ETomne%atmes9'
0

b, SOP Ho, 9, subject: "General Policies and Practices

r e War Crims Trials,"

e, Letter, thilg headquarters, subject: "Caees t o be

' 4 May 19k7, asad possible l e t t e r s superseding or modifying
~ s i s d , *l
B-0

,2, Reference is made t o the l e t t e r , f i l e SPJGI 151-5, t o this

Group, subjeet x "Scree-rling War Crimes Questionnaires, " 12 October
1945, by tho War Crimes Office, The Judge Advocate Generalos Of'fice,
in which i% waa requcssted in effect t h a t requests f o r interrogations
. ,.:b.%vci GO minor ~1applng'; k9atings9 laek of medical care, general
q x ~ q&%ef m t a q a- conditio m , poor food and bowing and other l e s s
ser%owoffemss, be not sent t o the War Crimes Office, and that requests
far f n t e x r ~ a ~be~ ~Ximited
m t a the more serious of%enses, such as the
afbemas w i L h h O%f\gnseCPassif icationa 0-1 t o 0-6, inclusive, s e t
forth in pwagraph 5 of Chart A attmhsd t o SOP No. 6.

3, It 1s %he pxssent policy of th2s Group t o develop f o r trial

QB& (a) cases h-uo%vfngkwrican nationals as victims, and (b) masis
a f r ~ c f f gaaase, 2,s,, murder faetoxy a d coneentratbon c a p cases
o ~ ~ t t c ws idt % -t US 2~mesof Oscupa-bfon i n Gemnany and Awtria or -
mew om mil^ hgr Amriaan Armed Forces, Moreover, i n view of the
~n.amrguenumbe~"L2 %he more heinow ewes involving American nationals
a~ ~ 3 ~ t 2 . i% m~ i s not deemed advisable t o develop simple aflaault cams,
Wf'ame Classiffeation 0-7, a d other -or war crimes at t h i s time,
Co~ad3equentQ~ mms atrocity cases committed outside US Zonea of
0aar;lpatfi-m vi~522n.o% be developed. The reports of war crimsa con-
tempSa%sdby C f r e , u l a r 132, Headqu&srs, US Forces, European Theater,
2 Oatcobex %9&5,=d all evidence which may come i n t o possession of
t h i s Group ~31% be forwarded t o the nations eonce~ledas is provided
ln SOP lo, 5 ,
4, lh order t h a t certain cases i ~ ~ ~ o l v American
ing nationah as
V%~%im naay be g4mn appropriate early attention, the p r i o r i t i e s here-
i a a f t e r s e t f"or%hin t h f s paragraph b e hereby established and w i l l be
91afat&md by t h f s Group until. further notice:
 Priority I1
LC, L-1, 2
v-lP 29 3, 4, 5
NA
A-1, 2
0-1, 20 3, 4, (5

5 , The Investigation Seetian w i l l forward a copy uf e51 review

of ame f i l e folders and case aaalyses t o the Appehensicm Section.

6 It is necessary that the Apprehension Section be supplied

with eesential pertinent informaticar f o r general apprehenaion and
de~ten%im purposes, aa we11 aa for aasigmnts conue- extraditions
-
fxam other governments or the initiation of special apprehmwion or
body movement aictians. Themfore, i n adation t o other matters
b-jpc%sfal
covered in such reviews and analyses i n accordance with present pro-
cedures there w i l l be set f o r t h the folLowlng tn a s p c i a l paragraph
near the end of: ,

1 ) The name of each suspect or witness on whom Wanted

RepoAa should be filed, indicating the exhibits and pages thereof
where the best a v a l a b l e do%aLleddescription of the wanted person
9s t o be found; Them TKLUalso be indicated-with regard t o each
~ h e t h e rhe is bttxhmd, md if so, the asrme and address uf the
bstallatf on and, if' tn G e m or A u s t r i a , the map co&&inates
of %Ls l a a t f an,, if in the T3S Zone o f Occapatian i n Germany, or
th@ of %he Zm8, If Poeated in -%ria or i n other Zones i n -
Gmmany, The address & those, not I n detention w i l l be stated with
U b p d i ~ ! @ ~ ~ i Wfth$ y , respect t o witnesses, an affirmative state-
m ~ w* i l l Be made= t o whether each fs friendly or unfriendly. See
pma@s;ph 2c, SOP Mo, 10, whlah &fines friendly witnesses,

(2) n n u a d instances where special appehension or

body mb~anen-t:~~ axe necessary, requests therefor will be stated with
p&f e a m i t y ;

(1) The information required in subpar&graph a(1) above, ,

a~ t o saeh accused and witness,
2 T h e special appreheneion or body movement actions
bslrerd, and, ifnone is desired t o any or all. of the euspects and
witneeese, an &finnative statement t o that effect w i l l be made,

158 .
SOP mo, 7,

(3) The conclusions, if any, t o the effect t h a t named

seeg,pcts are t o be t r i e d or t h a t neunsd witnesses w i l l not be
used jx Ghe t r i a l of the c w e ,

(4) It is emphasized t h a t the special paragraph hereby

required t o be, included i n a case analysis i s of no i n t e r e s t t o
members of ccmrts, or prosecution and defense staffs, Conseq~ently,
%he Chief of the Evidence Branch in compliance with paragraph 5 , above,
well forward to tSze Apprehension Section a copx of the final. rough draft
~f'case amlgses, indfcatlng by h i s signatnre thereon that it i s approved
f o r reproduction, The special paragraph i n sueh final rough drafts
ssttLx f"or%hWanted Report informa%ionw i l l be eliminated i n reproducing
%he a- far use i n referring the eases f o r trial.,

y e ReZarence is made t o paragraph 5 , SOP Ho, 4, In all i=tmoes

where the hvestfgation S e c t i w or Chief of the Evidence Branch i n i t f a t e
a o h w e in the classif'ica%ion of a cme f i l e folder tr. PI 3, 4 or
3$ there w i l l be s e t forth, i n a special paragraph mar the end thereof,
M o m t i a n r e l a t i v e t o the suspects and witnesses involved therein with
partfcaz%mity sM1ar t o that required by subparagraph 6a(l), above,
for &hebenefit of' the Apprehension Section i n keep- i t s records
a m e n % as t o ~i932taedswpeats and witnesses.

8, Reference is also made t o the second and t h i r d sentewes

of paragraph 1%,,Circular No, 132, Headquarters, US Porcea, European
T h e a t ~ ~ r2, October 1945, Notwithstanding inatrumc.ti o ~ mcontained i n
%ha+; ox in other dfrectfves, all p r o v i e i w requiring that the sworn
t e a t % m n y of %3%fiesseabe obtained i n questfan and answer form, m
s d mwrati~efom3 m e hereby rsscitnded,
~ o ~ . t r m t with

- c -# ,mt r sig. ?
, C , E , SJ-IWIGL'-
Colonel, JAGD
Deputy Judge Adsroc ate
f o r War Crimes
 SENTENCES OF ACCUSED PS ADJUDGED BY COURT

DEATH LIFE 26-50 11-25 6-10 5 YEARS ACQUITED

YEARS YEARS YEARS OR LESS

APPENDIX XVIII
 HEmwmERs
U.S, FORCES, EUROgEAW T=m
APO 757
@I~.,in)
25 Awust 1943

TO ,o C m d f n g Generals x

E 8 ~ t e z - nM ilftary District

Western Military District

1, &n,@raia
a, Au%horit_yt o Appoint, You are hereby authorized t o appoint
military aomtclstsfas f o r the t r i a l of persons subject t o the Juriediotian
of such camm3..ssiom who m e charged with v i o l a t iom of the law8 or
custom of war? of" the baas of mt%ons, or of the laws of occupied t e r r i -
tory or any pa% t h e ~ b o f ~YOU are not authorized t o redelegate such
appozbting powers.
" b, Cases t o be Tried, As matter of policy no case s h a l l be
referred %a %ridbefore a mfl1taz-y oommissicuz axcept when directed by
this hedqu-ars, AppBica%isns f o r a.,&.".l~rfty
t o proceed with such
trials ~$11 b e fommded t o the bpu%y %hea.%er~Tud&eAdvocate, War
s , 757,
Crimes 3BTmoh0 % ~ R Yh e a ~ ~ e r APO
a , C D ~ O S I ~ ~Milf5ar!-
~ ~ , , :x i m i ~ s i o rs~h a l l be conposed of
not Less %hazt%?ree eamissianed ofgfcera of the United States A r g ,
There s h a l l dkso b@ appoint3d a t r f al Judge advocate and defense c o w e l .
d, Cor~vfetfmor S@ntlg~c@~ The concurreace of a t l e a s t two-
thfsds 0% t'hd mmbera of the aorrrr$ssfon present a t the time of voting
s W l be naaesearr f o r the aonvioticm md for the sentence.

s o ADDFBTEL~of Sentem@, NO senterne of a military comDnissian

appo3ntecl md8x She a n t h ~ r i t yo%tsd in sub-paragraph a, above, s h a l l be-
e m 3 e d fn%o ex@~tZt.9muntil the same s h a l l have been approved by the
officer appoin,%t;fngthe omm mission or by %he officer eommaading f o r the
t W ba-ing,

f", u- of" Dea$&Jentenc~, No sentence of death s h a l l

be e m f e d %.bo exmution mtf l. it s h a l l have been confirmed by the
Tkea%sr Comnaader or hts desfgnee,

make,
-
2, Ru2es of Prsesdpxre,
oeamion requires,
Military comnissi ons s h a l l have power t o
such rubes f o r the conduct of t h e i r pro-
oee&,ngs, a0~3;z~?:+~.t-%th the powers of such comuissions, & with the
rules ~f prm@dmeherein set forkh, as are deemed necessary f o r a f u l l
and f a i r %rS& of the mc91asd, having regard f o r , withou% being bound
b$, the mles of prmedurs, and evideme preacsibed for general courts-
z ~ a r t 9 a . l . ~The prsv-isf o m of Sectf on TIP, paragraph 38-47, War Department
I34 2705~subJee%s "Mil3tary G o v e m n t Civil Affairsn, dated
22 heember 1943, are desf gned aa a general guide i n t h i s f i e l d and will
be followed except amended by this l e t t e r or other imtructions of
t h i s headgmrberB.
3, Evidence Such evidmce s h a l l be admitte$; before
a military oomnission as, i n the opinian of the president of the cam-
mission, haa probative value t o a remanable man,
4, Chax~esand Speofficatia s , Formal chaxge qc, investigation
a8 ooaatmplat~din Article of W a r 70 are not mcessa.r$ih proceedings
before military cormnissio m , although War Department, ~ d j u t a n tGeneral's
Wff oce Form Rumber 115, m y be used a8 a charge sheet, The obaxge
should designate t h e offerne by its legal rmm or describe it i n t e r m
af fnt~mational,law, preferably without reference t o an Article of
War, The speoflication should s e t forth the details of the act charged
with adfiefen% definlteneas t o show t h e jurisdiction of the coWssion
and the a t a t w of" the a m e d , The aceused s h a l l be furnished with a
copy of the charges and spee9ficstiom; Although no oath is n e c e s s m ,
the charge should be signed by a person subject t o military law, A t
mrae stage p r i or-t o %he trial, the charge should be investigated
s ~ f ' f e i m t l yt o enable the appointing authority t o determine t h a t the
~ffenaemerits trid. by mflitary owmission; Before directing the trial
of any ~ h a r g e ,the appointing anthority w i l l refer the case t o h i s staf'f
judge dvoeate for eonsfbration and adviee,

5, m. Menbers of the militmy c ~ s s i o may n be

e,hd,l@ngedby the amwed or t h e trial judge advocate f o r cause stated
t o the e d , Paremptory cIhaSPenges s h a l l not be allowed,
6, Oath' Mak
-O . Bw such changes as are neeeasaxy, the appropriate
08th eon%sfned 5n Artisle c9 'IIm 19 s h a l l be adainistered to, members
of tihe a om mission aa w@LL .m to the ~ o s e c x b i o nand t o others conueoted
with the trial., U P wi-h;nesses will be sworn,
7, PBem30 General and special@p~.la
of the accused should be
heard and passed upon by the c ~ s s ~ order
o h t o~ insure
~ ~ a fair and
imparbid %rial,

8, Fees and A % l m ~ e s ,Fees and allcrwamse f o r witnesses, coart

reporters and interpr@%ers Mlbl be s e t as provided i n kmqy Regulation
35-4120, dated 30 dulg 1943, as ehamged, or as may be published in
futme instructions frcrm t M s headquarters.

9, Intterpreter for At;c~lse&, The accused shall have the right t o

have the proeeedtngs of the c ~ ~ s a i interpreted
o n into h i s own language
if he 80 desires,
XO, Records rf" T"rT%10 a, Preparration, Cammissions s h a l l b e p a
record ofk=r praee6ra3~s3, ~onf'omlngas nearly as pra&icable t o that
prescribed .for general o W - w % fal., Court reporters may be detailed
f o r this purpose, If f a r any cogen%reason ft is inexpedient t o make a
vePbatim record of t h e proeeedlngs by stenographer or i n longhand, the
record shall be prepared fn form prescribed f o r special courts-martial.
 I ,

. > )

5
* .*
p s . & ~ia~~ h bas*
h ti ~ e i ~ i + t l j *B d iii :t~)it- "
Q B ~8iritw6isae' tw6 thb 'ijaiktm&# mathcrritk , I pro~r* Sm&&t$, '- :
tM twM.@m@ d ' %ha~ & b B i d & ~
~ m & i ~ t g b b$ i d - , , . ;* / 1

+ -,

be ~ B af%icm;w Thb resord 09 trial wiL1 ba prepred, a d

aathiatf&at@& fn btlglhats mil fo m m r d ~ B ,togethass w3th #i$leat - , , .
-pap@re,w l u - az~arfginal a88 elgnibd sopg at th' c
'rtW,m of $%@f judge aB~06atco~ t o the DpS@y Theate .Judge .
W a r C r -W a l!hxmh, %hiash ~ m r b e r e ,APQ 757@
. ,

b3ao t&!a~%m@~
.$Meth@&&@r~'~
ar; (Iene~aS., 8ubjwt t o Ptm%$a%faw
(8&~89-
~t reams t o fn psragre* b5, W a r ~ k p a r h m
&,$we-
Xbf~.2709,

iq?&Mb r
tm -aho "*
*
CQ-.
oWa;j;%lru;t and CiTPl &f'aiSBBj dctbb 22 ~~

~ c I lib &doti By, btx%=a n$' l%9pf%eb

@ ~ & B % Q & day ts, the pmd%i@e :

. ~ B * Q ~ o ~by$ z%bB~ fm C&B-Z&~ %he m &t tm Wtd' . . =

%%a%a~, a C& t* fwi%q ~ h i ~ b$h ; abfwe e d t % @ ar

d %he* ,
%r2ae%.%ar h@hio \

c
,"
. I
. .
.
I
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b P ~ @&Ba&-%@ P ~ @&Bo & WH ~u% H-

by %&e rbpgo%8%- a @ h o ~ f ets
d.@e%gna%bld t ~ fa %he c a w of grSecumrs ',

een%-sl(: $9 hprfsaimmxb
.- .bg; P ~ % egoy-%* oourt*.
--
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-
12. Refitme a, && rsOor& ' %ridbj l i l f t & o d s & a wkfi -
'bas k&@rnQ39 -%he appa-~%ing-d&fiw%~~B~
Bife etcm jvaage erdppmiib f-QlF .
eb
.
j .

,
,
- - - mvlm b&w@ ~ Q J=%a BBmOgd,,
b e f hmjkegaposti c i ~t r 2 a i n . & a ~ ~a b4%h&mGike 26
3.f am&i&s%mws'$e ' e r p y k ~a d l aaWicbb By a 3 3 1 0 9 x k O ~e)@b$@~,,-.
*+,
I > _ _ ( - *

,
-. -
- ' -
be fam=&& %o %he Ik~l?gtyThdtmr Jud@ Mtfms%@, W a t @rW& Brawb,
\
- ,
% ~ % ~ ~ & ~ a . d . q77Tg
~ a rf~ c ~maiw br % hTbsa6ar ~ Judge Bd~oe&e -
or M B d.6p~ntlygad ti^ e lt kjrpprropriata F&
t
b i a t& ~ a@
- e&llsPlfng au%bari%gfm mt2mo

130 &%fenTT- &~&-i~a Mter C d W t % m , Tha -%%a %-

b,y %he$ e d h au%hoFftgup& ~m$@m@bl requlrlZ8g o d m % i * e$B,
sppo%Bt3.ngauthsrf%,y,who rill isliaa spacaista ar&a
ed Co t h ~ -

$m eww %he rmwd QF tfd PaiU be r ~ %e a d~. ofEiced -

of %ha &@,y %heaterdadgcb. ~ ~ a % *-. . -

K upe h b ~ a i t i ~2 . r i ~ be in 0- @A3 exmgt BM -

e@oat2tgD pit'o%@s%f ma D? osP%mbcleeejog &4@r smef@~ratiebae mdrs $&%a -
~ d ~ ! , a & l s .hll ptiblloity 147 be gl* t o trgsl ipwmdb@i a4 . -
~gw&i a bath ~en%~w.p,
of -0 m a ~ i b iB
t k%Ube submf$bd %o pJr8aa. .
C
a ~ 8 z ~ h %Egl p%h@ amwl wa,y and srPU ?M eubdeet m u to norma2 p e e ,
o d w w ~ M grw%r%a%%cm t o pro%-%a m t e - U t @ U g - e m g d z a- t/.%a@~
w%alcde

' U, ~tfgsbtia, ~a.lee'fma~&, me pmmr t o m&r %bevm%i~%-&' =

1 -,
- EL %O ectnflrm a dsgrth s@mws,
q r n % @ i m ~OF
~ af ar military ecm&ss'em
I
,
;
. :
.
..
.
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in~I.ud@flthe power t o Usapprove or v ~ a t ein whole, ox %a p a % , a q
finding of guilty, and t o mftfgate, remrft, approve and commute, swpena
or to remand for furbhar proceedings or for rehewing bafwra a new
nrflitary e
onrmfsaion,

16, o r a. The appoi&f~& authority w i l l advise the B p u t y

Theat~rJudge A&vocatte8War Cs'hes Branch) hi^ headquarters, APO 737b

by TNX of the result of @ a h trial by m f l i t a q cominission b m ~ d f a t e l y

upon amm-an~ernentof I l n d i r g s and sentenace,

be R e p ~ o~f's exsc.,utioa
of a l l death ~ m t e n c a sinposed by

rGB%Plarxr : d n a f o n a 1511 be m e Lo the Deputy Theahr Judge Advocate,

L o Ei9%r9_bGfoa of Orders ~omlllaa3fIW Se-* 2he 8$strfbu%fon

Us.P,eilta%owv%P%be Pmludted for all orders prom&a%ing sentezaes of
r ~ L l t a qc & ~ a i o r u 2

a, T h e e sepies to The Adju%mt C%n@r&, bdmhi@oaa 25z DOC,

General, Washington 25, DiC,
b e TVQ aopiles %s The Judge Ad~osa&aj
G, One eDpy Go tho AQlute~2tGsmerd., U,S, F O ~ C BEwopem
B,
Zhsa$.?ar, U Q7'57,
Three oepd'.es Lo "c%lsTheater Judge A d s ~ o c ~ %
d., e ~ 757.
ABO
a,PJO~ o p i e%o~ The
~ Basistaut Judge & I V O C B ~ Q& w r d ~ t the
h
Jsxltrrd Sta",uxForass, lE$nspa~ Theatar , APO 887+
i. Three copier. to %he b p n t i Theater Judge Advocate, W a r

C r a m &an3ka, A20 757,

18, U d i r e a t l m ~and f a s t m o t f m of th98 and subordina-bs head-

qdare &pelat@ t o mSlitary cormn$saio;arj are hereby superseded to -tihe
9 ~ t 5; 5 % this letter,
ex?,dn%%~az:g3mi~t

33. F l!xEmwm
CoLoneL, AGD
A c t i n g AdJutmt Gener&l
DlSI!X?=9M ::
5
g
-- Each Ad&essae
G-a.
5 - 6-5
5 - JA ( R e a r )
5 - at' (bja)
5 - atp JA [WCB)
1 - AG M i l Pers
%-AGOpX!
1 - AG Reaords
 for

TRIAL OF WAR CR- AND RXMED

CASES
 For Lba sake of' brevity, the Table of C O & ~ ? * ~ -nd Foreword,
C,ho Battear sonkabing hformatfon m to ehzmger n ~ s d s,.;id +he
mehanle~of ~ub~~titEPtrfon of pages and*servi&?g tile "s'risl Wual,
have n.o% been f ~ x l u d e din this exbract,
( of the Trial Meuzual hwrs not been IncLuded in thfa
P 1~
bgsrk,.raet ,)
 P r n I1

PO- AND PROCEIJUFB

SEC General Diraatives.

201 - - c , - . , - - . . - -

Reiese-~~.oi% jid~.t23t r 2 :
j . ~ (a) mli%a;ryG o v e ~ n _Regu1.a~~
t
t i o m , Ti6ule ;?, Legal. and Penal Administration, (b) Let-
ter- ef %is Z\a&qtl$rtar~, fiPa AG OQG.3 WCE-JAG, eubjeat,
'9,'riaJ of War Crime8 C W B B " ~ dated 14 Oetober 1946, qnoted
a% Zif9ngk1.h. a- Par% I, supra,

MGR
=. BEliLary Cse~exrnentiRegul.a%iom, T i t l e 5, Legal. and
Pen&!. ~ ~ a P ; r a % i m O

L -ht.tsr of %his E @ a d q w t e r s , f i l e AG OQO.5 WB-JAG,

sul?Jec%:.,'$r%aX DF W a r Crims Casesv', dated 14 October 1946,

The r~fergm::m fin Arabic numerals r e f e r t o the numbered

paragrap& 02' t h e e i t a t f o n ,

a?arsmr&%cf f;%m Court,

SEC
210 ------------
& n e r d Mi 3_5$wy Government Courts and Zztarwdia-be Mile -
%my tk3~er=r.% Ccmr-bs shall coaa63is%respeetf veLy of not
P~SEI :FS*W (5) r n d e r s not l e s s than t k e e (3)
rnabcrs, =d, in adLitdon, personnel of the pros@ou%ioz
and d(~~fe.me ( ~ ~ ~ 6 d .The
l . senior member of' &he @our%pres-
em-b a k e a h kr9'a.l will be the president and presid3ng
officer af %be GO& (l;,6ds MGR 5-301~2)~ The menhers
ef the soq& are sse3;Pled meardLng t o rank d t e m t e l y to
t h e right. lei?%of the p r a s i d e ~ t , except %hat ardjlnarf l y
t h e 1a.w mmfxar #haqdd b@seated on the fnakciiata l e f t of"
the prcsfd@~b,

If after %he trial h m b e p a new member 1s appoinkd or a

mn%@r, on a ~ o - m . %af m ~ v o i h b l eabsence during a trial
misaas par% %he prooeedtngs, the prssf dent w5ll came
ew;'? ~qar~3er t o read %he r e a ~ r duf the prmeectkgs had
p r l c ~:,,a h i s baing eeated or during abse.ng:e, aa the e m s
m y be QL ~5 - b%emmr deemed neesasazy, a. ~ i % i % a q
G0~3a%l.b%%Q~wt m y , on its a m motf an of the request of
SEC 2x0

the amused, appoint an 3mpartial adviser t o e~ssistthe

eoWrt; %na pa?Aietn;har erne In checking the intlerpreter
or giving test.3m.eny or m i t t e n opfnioas as an experk on
&rman law, local customs, business prwlices, or tech-
nic& matters. Such an advfsar ma;y be invited t o s i t
with the cow% but w i l l not participate i n %he courtQs
deliberations or i n i t s decisions, He s h a l l be p a d
pursrmt t o EaGR 5-308. ( G R 5-353.2). The interpreter
% ~ i $be 3 e w @ f d L yseleotad wlth a view t o h i s language
qw,lSf i a a t i c m ~and r e U a b i l%%y. -7f11 be i m t r ~ c t a d
$ 3 %rm.slatedfreetly and i n tk s a y 3rao-n everything
C,b~:6 $M a d d , subjet:l to the d i r ~ , . ~ ,o f Vne O O ~ .He
d
k r i l l BCL?Le oerm%ttedt o engags ia colloquy on h i s o m
C~P tc eonduck $he proossdings h m y respect. State-
m-exbs, qudati~ne,and answers should be addressed by d l
p m t i e s m e ~ ' c l y t,o the court and by the court t o t h e
person c o a e m ~ dm d no% t o the interpreter, QMGR 5-353.3).

i member of t91e court, present a% the

%ha w s ~ or
%rid.w.'i.lL be %hi?prssldent euad presf ding o f f ioer of %he
G U [L,6&).
~ (All. those presea-b i n the comtroom stand
-a%ll %he c a m t is seated. The accused and the persoamel
uf' the poescutisn defense r f a e and remain standing
ullt~+,iBthe ehaios of 0 m e 1 has been anaomced.) Any mem-
ber of the ao- m y sign the record (MGB 5-908). The
prw>tice i n c-mtfndntd oomLries is f o r %he p e s i d 3 ~
Judge $0 condwt %he examination of the mewed and wit-
nssses and general-& t o %&@ a leading pax% in the pro-
3 However, tkts should be done i n these trial8
on$ when i"rgppms t h a t %heprosecutor, defense c o w e l ,
gr the afieqmed are no% I a m S % f x r wt%hocmmtora la procedures,
321 such emnt the preefd3ng judge ~3hod.d conduct the pro-
oaadizigs t o %he m%en%mcessmy t o protect the Jlntsrests
r3S %he amused and to bring out &I.% the.facts resla%ing t o
the f asue bei% %ri ed ( E R 5-35k.2) O-Uner%hS.se, the
pessaLta%fanof the e ; ~ 5 d - m mwtll be conducted by t h e
prsaseu%Sca and defame counsel;

Because the practice of pleading t o a charge is

sxvf&bSm to the ~ f t f z e n sof o a t W n t a l ~ 0 ~ 3 1 t r and
Ie~
2s BO% known in contlmmtzil. practice, the fi.kr3rrogaktisn
SEC 220

of the accused by the court at the time of pleading is

discretionary, For the pwpose Qf obtaining fro91 t d ~ e
accused suff iefent information t o determine wh~therhe has
the intention of admitting the elements of the charge or
denying i.t, the court w i l l arrange t o be provf ded with a
d o s s i c ~ ~ the case against the accused, prior t o the
c3f

trial, such dossier t o c011taAn a s m y of a l l documentary

evidence and testimony of the prosecutor "a witwsses, This
dossier w i l l be studied by the court priar t o its examineL-
t i o n of the acused. 1% will. be used as a Sasiii far such
examination but not regarded aa proof of the statemnte
it contains which wf1.P have t o be c.st%blished in evfdeme
i n the usual way If the aecused appears w.T.~*-= -50 plead
m l t y or not gu41.+y, the court w i l l enter a plea oz the
b a s i s of the accused$%s t a t e m n t s made during the f n k m o -
gatfoaz, providing, that EL piea of gxxSSt1yw i l l only be
entered if the ~ G B U E I B8xpreasl.y
~ admits each and evrrtv
element of the offense, G-therwise, a plea of not guilty
w i l l be entered, The ~ c w e d f statements
s made upon the,
interrogation w i l l form p u t cvf" the reeord, a d W h i n g
he says may be used as evfdenze f o r or againat b-, If
the ease is eomplioated, the interrogation w i l l enable
the e o w t t o appreciate the issues involved md assist
in determining what evf dence w i l l be relevantt arad what
witnesses or documentmy evidence should be prmwred f o r
the t r i a l , (MGR 5-354.3)

c. s.egroggt&oe-by gog?g ~n-wa;r-c~Q8~

ta:&hz&s,

It should be ncted $hat the suggs~tJf0x.win MGE?

concerning %he questioning of the a ~ c u s s dby %he oourb
prtmarfly r o l a t e t o ordinary eases i n which the c o w % l a
s i t t i n g i n a ea-paeity sfmfkear t o that of a c o d t t J i n g
magistrate aa coatrmted with w a r crimes trials ia which
adequate prosecutfm and defeme ' c m e l m a present,

Aqy qudiff ed off5.oer, enlisted or cfvf lian

lawyer may serve as prosecutor,

The prosecutor should (a) familiarize h i m s U

with the orders and directives provSldimg d " o ~the trial
of way. criminer3El and should espeeiaJlly be f & l i a r with
the regulations e i t e d in SesLf oa 201; (b] serve a copy
orP the chwge sheet upon the moused, complete the
"record of advise defense coumel of such
samica, m d Tilo the original charge sheet i n the
cja-igi~alr ecord o f tri,d a d a duplicate copy in the fo-ur
duplfcate eopiss of" the record; ( c ) ~ E I e ~ n .incident of tibe
s e r ~ i c eof~ charges3 cams the accused t o be re-finger-

prfn%od a d rs-pho%cgrap%nedi n dup2.ieatda by m e 36" a w r a ~ k ;

WCG Form No, 38, a d assure tha% one copy of a u ~ hGOD-

pL@'b@d. =
f823l. 98 ~ D % X ' Q ~ U C ~ ~ = @Xhib%tOOW the O?I%S&

aP tho triabl. and. p k o d in %he ~ r % g l mcopy l

of the

aesacjrd and that t,h.$da;pp%fc~te copy of 8ueh % o m is

placed. in t h e ~ ~ ~ ~ u War s e Crlmw

d ~ s
E r ~ % o s m e20%.fils,
vhi sh %f leis rnove~w3 %h eon~5cs.tsdmcwsd f o W a r C r i m J r s a 1
Prjsons; {d) amazgp wf%h t9ae m e w e d aaad H e defease
r cr~welfor $216 st f - :It3kSp."icano f pertinea-b m%%ers wh10h
t h e accused &pee not a;l.sh to omtsa-k; (0) mrmge with
t h e praaSld5&g ~rgPbf e m of %he QOUTL for the date of' %rf inE,
WW=@ o I z ~ ~ %he~
Y?L~~0 w % ~ L * ; ~p1~3dd0 d ~ ~% @&a
%rSf
. 8 ~ ~ ~~ ~
smasqga %I.;x t he aacsssmy r e p a r P . 8 ~xdd ~
Enkeqreter~to
be, ~ r a s ~ ~and ~ i ;r~utf.Fy
, -5216 cthm ~ o m et&f, t a d

? ~ &%%aof t r i a l ; (f) assure %ha%

2;."L33a5sas s c ? t l i . 8 ~%b15
?ke ?,-itrsJr,s h ~ c 3 i ~nados8i~r
~ of %he case wains%%he
~~'.-cus&d, sL1oh ~ass38rti0 e3azt;a.b a emmary o f a x a n r ~ .
Z@E%WYEC.& %jf! 6~~5dm(:6 & s~l.my '7 2 '
A $!
- -

33&y %D ~ k%L@~ % % F A Q L ~f0Z'

be g 3 ~ 9 aby s ~ B the ~ X ' O S : ~ ~ U " ~ ~ O S Z ~

cg: p;baca bs$:ae :a& mnbex 0% B O Z % %or

~ ~ ~ h28 use

d:misg the -Grid, a ospy of %he ~?lmg@s ad ~ L E @ u % ~ s

czB.'lir-:ag thc ~ f f s ~ s af'sra

whAoh the a~sslssdis being

tr%~-.d) (h) s ~ p ~ ~ ~ prepw;ra.tfm

Lsc3 of %he record of k ~ f a l

[L, &;; ( 2 ) m a n g e f o r %ramport%lng-the a ~ c u s 0 dwith

K ' 3 G 5 B S S ~amdl mud % h ~ %&=~ZL@BS@S %h6 t P 1 d . j ( J )
azzsrige ihr s a f f i e i e x 5 m9Lftary guar& *Q kaep order;
(kj mak9 a s ~ ~ a i%ha.% n the requisit3 meBs am3 b%llo%ing
f z i X t % e e are a~aiXab2.+; ( L j as~ur6%ha% defeme ~0m8el
kw ~ Q B Qfmishad %?it& the proper fcmn f o r Patf L l cm of
2 3 ~ 9 9 ~(2) ; a3Hse the eopbrt as to the M a r Criminal F Y ~ -
SOE. :n vhfch %he ~ , m = r l c t ewowed
d abtd.d be confine&;
m O I(E] the rLeeeaaary cormeZtmen% So %he F d s Crfnainal
Erfaon deai-:rjbed in $,&Ger, E s a d g w t a r ~ ,U&hsd States
Foresa, Bmopsm Thsahr, f %bAG 383 JAG-AGO, sub$~e%~
fibsf@m.tl::~ e b Frisrns :or W a r Criml~~aEs,~~ dated 26
F a b m ~ m yl9&'7, v.siw L e g d Born No, 5 [MGR 5-905) a

Aqy X a x y ~ r not debarred from appaxfzg by t h e

2dilitm-y k v e m ~ ~ B B a p p e a m defense e o m s e l ,
may

Witkin p-~-perlixits, the eo- may with the

c c n . ~ ~ 0%
? . tthe afi~medd88igmte ~ounsel.mimed by t h e
170

 acxwed t o represen% him i n addition t o msigned de-

fense eom&@2, if $he nature of the case makes f t
desirable, When German defense c o m e 1 is a.ppoin"bsd
by the ecsur-b, the o o w t w i l l authorize the h % s g e r f e h t
to pay such defense counsel i n the same m m r and
w d e ~ the same aondf-bions aa provided f a r p a p n t of
i8c,fe.:s? eopzn~elappointed by G e m courts,

SEC Pmess of t h e Court,

- - - = - = - - - , - - -
25G
Ganexak ,
-.'---
A &n@r& blili+Jw~ G Ovemnt Cow3 may in-
- ~aeta3.eenkenecs i a a ~ a l a gdeath &M% 5 - 3 0 0 ~ 5 ) ~
2 : ~ ~my
_8.i k%@mdgat@ Mf%it93;ryG o v e m e ~ tC o w t mBJ .impose
any la'udnl se~%enccs exaspt death, impriw~aamrsntin ex-
esss of t a n (lQ)-yems o r fiaa i n excess of b08,QQO
Raiohamarka ( h l ~300.61.
~
Pines will not nonm24.y be
impolssd i n w a r e-r-s emes,
A H~IlLt~wy G o v ~ m e Court~t a h a l l ham power
'bo a m o n m a wi%m~s my person except a c h i l d under
lb years ~f age, io which erne it may swmmoaa the parents
or g u a r d f a to bring t h e c h i l d t o &Semi aa s xltn@ss,
execsp%a mmbsr a;$ the US Forces or_ aemfas p e r s ~ ~ a l
of o m 9% the United Met%iomg in whioh erne the attend-
@ + x ; a : ~ - & ~ u rwl%mss
,h . w i l l be obtained by a raquest made
t o t h e c;ir-bibng o f f i e s r of euch person t o order h i s
attendance ( G R 5-3Q301>.
-
&g p e r s m whom the ~OLXK%mqy summoc as a w i t -
ness mar b@ ordsred t c . b b p ? "k~i t h hfm dooltrmeazt or
a r t i e l e in his possessfon or uzader h i s eoxatrsl which
has a bear- on the iss-iaes of the aase (MGB 5-303~2).
Whenever the @our%has reason t o baliam %ha%
a ai-kneaer may be ~ntimida-bedo r become wa-railable at
t h e %rial, it may dire& that he be detained as a m-
tgisld W % ~ ~ S B QMGB
5-30363].
The GO?& s h a l l have power to order trial in
aaruera, if 9% is necssss;ry %D prevent aqy p n j u d i e e t n
the security of the US Forces or for some &her @ x c B ~ = ~
t i o w rewon (MGR 3 2 ~ ~ 6 ) .

The follo%sibngmlbes s h a l l govern the %mposftion

of sentenoas:
 (1))A M5Litary Govbrzrment C o d shall a m o 1 m s
its findings on eac:h charge before ft and s h a l l pro-
nounce one ser,tnnelrt i n respeet to all. th3 chmgea upon
which %he w c w a d is f o m d guiltj, .

2 E m r y emt+mcs of i m p r i s m 8 n t s h a l l s t a t e
Ghs .bts of' ~omea?e.mwt thereof, xhfsh, if the accused
wm p r a ~ously
~f 1,o r & i w i Q make allow-
in gwl;~Q, rs?lrb91.
mica $or the period of emtg;&~.,

A ba%Bftaq G a ~ a m @ n 'Court r, shd.2 h a m the

pcves Lo h ~ % %zr d eox!~ompi;TIEL pepsm, 1,nc:EsxdAng %ha
.%l$.&%~d, counse!$, vftne;sscsa, o f f i c i d s , or spe~tatore,
Y ~ .Qsfend the dign.fty ~f the eoqmt, b w g manner,
ix d.~.sregard9 its DY~@YEI Such aofzt~mpkmay be pun-
,
Ish.ed by PSra?, i m ~ d s ~ m b i x or t other approprlats
9,-~x~iatrn~~i~E~~
1s ccrxe~ais- f t s pmers to -p~~%sh
4 ec~.-L:smg%~ a M S % I , L B~~o m ~ m u m e Cowb
r ~ t ~
s&as,lP2 ~ 3 ~2. 3
~ h
be -bxmsa%kdda d r6vPewed m i n
1'32crd ~ f l h %8hzLX
t h e ease of m y c!+iher B ~ % ~ ~ ~(NGR I G B 3-33]

E t1hea@nbers of %he court agree, ebaE WterLocutory

guds-b$fim mfsf-ng d m 3 ~ Ghs %rialmay be decided by
the pr(cusilderr3 slxbjee-l; %a Ob~@fi%90~, by any m b s r of Ghe
%~mk. Ua"Lees %ha court has agreed tbC, all falaPPoeu-
: ~ y ~ ~ ~ s ' c i r nmfslrrg
rs: dm- t h e trial may be dseided
by +he prssi&entJ, subgeel t o the eibjecfion by a w m m b e r
f:i f ;~ 3 r ~ w thet pf kc~,dfne;aof the o3m% on a l l Inter-
Le~t.u%c,ry q~1ds~30ris and Qf,a &% 0t13i.erque.stiora misfag
ihrnf~z%he -hriab% r e g u i r L ~ 4the i i e c i e i ~ nof %.he aamt
%%LB be dotsm9-&d by a m r$ ~ r f t yvot,a of d l the memb@r~"~
prssdnt 9t t h e tima thq V C 3s~ taken,, Xt.~sna%he -?rote )-

9s e~c1aLydA~I&edths pxesfd@~-k <:%tats a second v o t e .

'Tc.%'Jlng is %ha inmrsa order of rank, %hapresiden%
~ c b % ?l ? p3.8f . IT, in eampsut%-z the rimer of srotas re-
c ? ~ -
. , L-...., s :k-%t%4n rasalfs, %uch Srac$ion viB1 be counted
w G A t l w ~ - ~ t h & r &YO$^ of %he m e m b e r s prasen5 is
reqa%r@d to ~ o s L - ~ ~ and c " , t o assess

a pmf s W n % on the
~cc~wsd,

SIB3 Rules of Xt~fdeaoa,

---u- - - - - = L a - -

270
a. lJo.?pa~~1~$gb&Qt~gf @! 9 -&- BkQ 28,
A dixectf $pe t o a mi$f%ary t r f b m 1 charged with
%ria1 3' o f f e m ~ sagainst the P a w of war 80 %ha effect
 *
SEC 2 7Q

that it w i l l . admit "such eddmcca as in its opinion

w l l L be an aseistwce i n proving o r dis-proviag the
ahwge. or auczh as in (tts) opinion voubd ham proba-
t i m vhue I n the nind of a reaslonabls man'' is not
~ o n t r a x yto %he provisifim of Article 25 o r Artic1.e
38 of the of W a r , Persons sb%"6;- ! with the
cozd,ssio~of a war crime m e no% "persons s u b j e c t
t o mllf%ary l a w W ~ i t h f nthe manine; of t h s m i e l e a
of W a r a d a r e no% entitbed Era their benefit (,bre
YM-A, ,
$61 and #6?2, Sup, Ct , %t3ber 2945) ,

The rules of evidence as h o r n f British =d

American acarts (or as sst f o r t h i n the ~ n u a flo r
C o u r t s - ~ t i a l ]do ~ 0 % apply to yrcsc,sadings before
Mi litmy Guu-amn-f; The a d y posikive rules
b i n d L ~upon them m e %hoe@set forth in MGR 5-329,
Heaxsay evidence i a admlsafbbe, Generally, the beat
- svldenc,,e a ~ ' ~ ~ % %vf %9.1~.bbe,
s req@rsd, am3 a l l evidbnoe
vhfeh will afd ln detam:97-?z - s truLh - t k l be a&-=
'

mft-bd [MGR 5-yj4,4).

C @3gez8&-TUO~%~ $-@.&620qe

mcordanea %5th
Evfden~sshall, be admitted ID
%he f oUowfing -rules,o
-
,615 A Miltt.my G o v e m d n t Cow% ~ h d i $n
geaerd admit oral, writ%en, a d physical evPdentna
having a bear$.% on %;,ha issues before $tj and may,
exclude any e~idenoewhich in its opinion is 02 no
P ~ W P X O Q ~ , If .fld~rn.%%r i B 9.k s ~ & B ,@vidm@8
'be @-PaI or j.3 @ X ~ ~ P G $ O ~ &:.--%:3:
~ -.. ..
':<3:-3-:=.
A.

s e c w % % ydemands 1% m ar be ~,xeludeda%Soge-&hero
(2) The BOW% shall in gesb6ra.l reqtx.f.re %he
pradu~t f on t% the b e s t ewfdenc~reasonably availabhe,
Buwevd~~ t h i e prin.oip1.e fs no% fa 3s eo~7Sasedxi%h
t h e '%eat evidence r d . ; , "' The Iba%teris definiLeLy
190% applicab1.e (sea pmagraph d, t M s Seet$on 270,
below, asad SectPon. 280, poaS] , D- this eormectf q ~ .
it is emphas3zed %ha% the sworn sta%emn%s of a c e - i e d
*
a d witnesses ares dways admissible r5gmd$ess of the
presence ox absence of' thoas who made the statementis,
unless the c o u r t is ndF the spfnfon %ha% stat,dmenAls
have no pro bat%^@ value orP %tjr~ apply a sdnrl1a.r t e a t ,
t h a t the ~ . b would
a no% be h s l g u %in an-is~fing
at a true
iLndbg,
 (3) E~saenceof bad e h e r w , % ~ofr an aecl~ssd
s h a l l be ~ s s i b bsf~ ore
s fin&.% only when ths
EG " i ~ @p61"80Il
d
good ~ h m ~ t e r ........
hi33 ~ B > % X ' O ~ ~UfC B t o his 0FKt2.
d e' ~I l~CEL@

5 C Q I ~ J~ d A 1 So' the greatest poeaible

er%sct1 appl,y e q e d f tf (s-tt afad non-L~cEuaic,a.l pxooedme,
m d s U 5 admit any evidence whlch ' t h y deem Lo ham
pruba%l,w T~ECL~XB~ Withcut %%m2t%.ngthe foxeg~f~fg
g~.c~era.l f g b l ~the
~ foLLawlng WLP be deemed aihissfbls
if ?b%g apporar t o ";be w a r ~ r f a e strib.ma.3, t~ smtzin
S&:IT&~CJII of' pr(~ba%i?m vd-aa@rePa%fng %P %he cWgris
m d partlc=cCL8ssz a f " % l h v 3 t a , d@positfom, ?n%erroga-
tl17mg okhar sta%@mn%s, dim% , es %et%srs,orders,
,
d i r s c t i ~ w s ,mmoraxdap bu%f 8 bim c i r c ~ a r s ,a.Gh@r
~"~mm$~a t 9dmmtan%sg
arid 3~ aa v@l.$ aa the r e e ~ r d a ,
or e ~ 7 r a ~ -GYierCa$ram9
tis $bcUxga3 sta%~~mn.P,s and %'if-@-
m@&e o f tb$ mi$i%mytrlb&s and the re~lswm
a d ~;nflr&ng authorf%588 of _.myof %he TJz29.%@d N~l'bfo.m~
md copies of' any d o e m ~ n t2r a%hm aeaonbry csvid~nce
sf %be ann%@~ta of d~,~&lmen-b, if %ha or1gin+& ,f s
20% raadf,Q avxlbb1$ or ~ a a c be t prsiha~~ed "wltkrc>~;t.t,
de3.3.y
SEC 278

In def.~rmlningquestions involving tihe best

evf denee 5.)~ 2 .:7 : - %he court should keep in mind t h e
d i f f f e u l t i e s involved in procuring evidence eomernfng
crimes committed moaths or even years p r i o r t o oceupa-
tion, the fact Ghat witnesses may be and often are
h o s t i l s , the des"ctlcticrrr uf' primary records due t o the
war and the dffff crl;&Gissinvolved in the division c,%
Ge~nanyi n t o f o u r zones of o~ea;zna%ion, In admitting
evidenoe which might be objee+~on4'~le, if t h e ''be&
evidence ~ , x L r - ware '~ a p p l j ~ a b l eto ws;r crimes %rids
the court need ally s a t i s f y Stself that the o r i g i n a l
records or t h e author of' a statemnt a m n o t be pro-
duced, a f t e r rleasombly diligea% e f f o r t *.. do so, t h a t
the evidence offered is of" probatim value, and that
, the wcused w i l l no% uaarsmombly be prsJudissd by ad-
mLssfan o;% suoh evidense, T h e controlling f w f ~ o r~houEd
always be whether eeidencs admitted is helpful i n ar-
r i v i n g at a true findfag,

The Depuky TThaatsr Judge Advoea%sf o r W w C r i m e s

has ._idopted%he fa2lowLng cyinfosl c o m e m f ~t h e admfssi-
b i l i t y I n eviden,e3 i n war crimes e=es of Lhe s t a t e m a t s
of' one accused, m d e ou% of court, a g a b f l t h i s co-aoeussd
( b t t e r , b p t y Theater Judge Adgoeats f o r W a r Crimes
subgsc% c" " A m s a i b f Ef ty before a Military Gavernm.e.~.t,
Court of ex%ra-Judiai d atatlsaen%of' eo-~maussd., lP
d&ed

kO N0vmibe.r 1945) ,

'The r ~ l e i 3of' procedure l n Military G o v e m n t

Q o w t s provld''~%ha% Wf Hftmy G o v e m n t COIL?.- ts
shall g - ~gemral almlt a l l w r i t t e n and physical,
evidence having a bearing on the fssues before it,
arad may sxc-hdq m y e ~ i d q z mwhlch i n its opfnion
is cil; no value as proof v , (Rule 12 (1) Seetion.
3Q5$ page 37: M5.1l-bary Government Germany,
Technical Mmml f o r h g a l m d Prf so= Off iaess,
2d e d i t i ~ a , ) ~ This
g n i l e pemnlts t h e admfssicn
of" m y evi6snae %hi& i n %he o p f ~ i o nof the
6 9 m t i l g of probatiw value, The Gulde t o
Brocqclure 9x2 Military Governme,'~tC ourts provides
,
that hearsay e~lderice inc6ud$ng t h e a t a t e m n t s
of the wit9nass net produced, is aamlssfble In
Mil,itary Govexmm~kCourts , These a u t h o r i t i e s
 most certzhdy permi% the admissiox~of hea;rsq
e~idence,
The general x ~ d . 6applicable
~ In cowrts-
martid, that the confsasfon or admfsefon of o m
=awed, made wu%of os'!urt, - l a admissible only
as = a W % aueh x , ~ a s ~ s%a d ~aimply an application
nf %he hem~aym l e , A aonfsssim or adm3.ssionq
made o ~ tof corn%, i a adm9ssfble wainst tlm maker
LW sx.:ep-Lfon t o such r u l ~ ,(M;C,M; par, llh;
YM 2?=255> p a . gh) of c 0 m 8 @ t~hat
excsp%ion 9s zo% applicable when %he statement is
x ~ @ wdnst
d mother ~ ~ w e 4The d ~fact %ha%the
b a a i ~ rfor the admTss5bility of exbra-gud$efal
slatm@ztt of one WOW@& ega5ns-b mo%her mewad
Is a & ~ ~ - p%bel y appE3~7at~%on of the hcaasqy r u l e is
2@7mna%ra%ed by %h@ %%% that m.e, GO-meused
t s s % i f y 2n c o w t agaimt h i s c o - ~ o m s d ,

''1% is clear %ha% a sla%emn% mde ou% of

om m a ~ ~ a9s
C Q V E ~ by d admlsaible before a Tnflbf-
%q gowm$3nt cow.% aga%ast d E m e w e d t o t h e
sane ext-ent $63 m~ o%hm heareay evidence, ''

* :he c;l%sds,u.thorfty hers been superseded by MGR

5-329,, The v19rdix i n the new 8'l;b%h01?i%y
$8 Iden%ied.
vitIh %ha% 0% the e i t e d an-hhorftg,

the mou9ed nqy be re-

An-7 ~t4rson&her t h a ~
q-xired t o Gss%i.fiybefore a M3lftmy !%mrmezt Court,
excsp% a persan of msomd -m9naBpr, - df rlg %ha% no w i t = =
B>.@SSskala be required S;o %mridnec,%~s@ i m ~ and
X pro-
~rid"bgalso %ha% a aom - sh&% not compel,

(L) A husband or a ~ i f oer a p m @ ~otr a child

t o gim svidems %aim%the other,

( 2 ) A legal adviser to dfselose etny cmmwai-

sa%;g.ocbgtveen himslT m d a e l i s a t made in the course
of a pafesafonal r@latl.omhip, excep* vhm the eommtmi-
oatfon w a s part of o r ecxmeett;dd wP%h.an unlax8ul EX.?% sr
0~98%m*

93) A plea% (or other minls%erof religion)

SEC 270

%o d?s~,Losea -l;onu~'9c.atfan
8
in the ccv~rseof a
made
:;or--Psasf/~n (M% 5-332) ,

Thesa pricdl,agss are p@rsoml.'t0 the witnsss

m-d exmp'l'. ~ h e nalLaimsd by t3e witness axe n o t al.lowed,

r t l ~seXY-fnerimi~~a%ion,
Xq ~ o ~ ~ t g vfth n if the .
vi.5~jmas~ ~ s e ' r t%hat,
s the answer t o a q u ~ s t l c nn l g h S in-
him, 6n3 oosm-6, and not the witness, will
c*~-iml:~;ai~e
dpL*9,he.~ahe%her m w e r to %ha qlxasrtim eowbd have Sib%
effse'r; ~EIT r equire the wii;ness ta answer,
An ac.aussd h a no pl.%viLegaagainst self-
faac;rbmi~aZ.,lo~., Ee x i U not b@ wm.ed that he 9s not
rsqaired +,a m-sw6r vhen q u b s t i o ~ ~mer ~ pu%%O bin,

i U not be o~mpa2ledt o $iwver questjilons
~ w
R o . d @ ~ e s$9
nor m y bs be san;t@nesdf o r eontempt; for refwing $0
e Jf he refwee %o answer any gmstioxm put " -
him, the CTLLRT.'~m y draw an urfavarable infererrace from
h5s ~ * ~ ? a a afok m w e r (MGR 5-354.5).

The a e e i s s d mqy s1ec-b t o makg e i t h e r a sworn

r ~ z l~ m s w . 3 m ~
t a t e % ~ ~Tnh% ,
e record of trial befo're
sft%i?r WSLf+lwy k ~ ~ m Courts n % or M i & f t s y Comm3s.-
sf s ~ shcj-;lld Endl oa'm 'thmhsr &]as aecmed s t,i.ratimony
is ~ ~ c xtSm r -a~.m~zm, k t h f e ~ox"ataotfon~ %be .9oDowfCTg
quci+;at$ca fro= a case b v o l ~ i n ga t z i a l before a
M I I E t w r C e d s s i e n is 02 Srx-Serest:

?$he seirclrd sho~nldshow, In tr.Ea%by milltmy

s~muissf lzn, whether a,cc!maCles +-7sstlna~ny fa
smxfi or P a i l w d af the record to
do wc? La not, hmev%r, prej'kadieial, &en
it is e5mear that U s tastfmon,y as gfven
' ~ ~ ~ ~ X ~ a ~ 17 x - f vhen the recurd aontaim
- - t , aand
map23 e.B-961ainos. -dfrlrzde - - " - t o show ae-cusedvs
guf 1%" ~ ~ N E E STATES D v, DO-mIIZUS T H W ,
Op.fn3 3x1, LTJ'AWC, Bccmber 19b5),

The e07xr-t; q y at s G ~ eDW %he exam9m-

nq 'viltntss and may c a l l or recall any
t l o n q ~ ~ b s t i aa
wi%neas 8-6 miy tfm@ bsfors fSndiw~, if it eemlders it
~@?BSBELY.;Yi~ KD~% fn*.era~t;sof justies (MG? 5c=32703),

"'fib r dt3rfal fndfcatad that a

m ~ ~ of
%hep r o s e ~ ' u t 3 0who
W ~ % R ~ SfSo r ~~ tastEied
tne P m t s amromdiw the
o d y eor~.e@mis?g
 t&ing of pxs-%rial ~taJsjomcgn+,s from the

two accused., k7mno% adminis t e s e d an oat's.

before tetstifyfng. Both mawed stated "a

the record of' %rial%hat the std,.t.,smn%a

'&rare~9 omeef;q$Treported and fc t s r p ~ a t e d

and. did not eauLend %ha% they were improperly

obta3.ned, Held that the SmegOg.mi%;yd i d

not injuriously affect any s%xbstan%%d

right of the sc:.metlE (-UHEED EEATES Q,

W I m D X E T W J , Oplcion, DTJKIFdC, Bcember,

19h5 %
0

Am m ~ w e d
may not be reqe~red.to t e s t i f y
bef~raa W.Eitary Wver21~ebz-tC o d , , as i ~ d f c a t e d521
pwagmph $, Sec%40n 2700 suprae HO%'@V@X~,llaving
b h t ~~~% = d . %O t , @ g t 3 f y p h6 be CTOSQ-@XE%X'IZI&~
&s P,o tiay mat;tess reJa%PaGs G'he gharge and partfczn-
182s mder vhieb h@ 5s being tr%od, I s r e s p e l l v e of
whet,"i@rd.1 such mL%rs were %onekedapon during
dlrsc;t axmtmtian,

<Secrtiac 280 and 283 have not, been wcluded. in %his ax%rm%
from the T~"bdkw ~ ~ L Q a
 P A R T I11
PRGCEIXIRAL SUGGESTIONS

A stipulation is an agreement between the prosecution,

m,cnsed, and the defense oounsel, either aa t o f a c t s
(that certain f a c t s are true), or as t o t e e t h m y (that
Fe a certain witness were p r e s e ~ tin c m r t .he vould gim
the following tsstimany)
testimony), In a stipulation
-
(here mt out the escpsctsd
~ E I t o testimony t o be given
by a witmss, if present, there is no a g r e e m ~ tas t o the
verity of' such tcsstimony, but it i s on the saw plane as
the tes.t;immy of those wi%nesses who appear 5~ person and
testify.
Stipula%ions are,.entered into with a view of saving time,
labor and expeawe, Stipulations should be drawn t o cover
many of the unimportwn' zvlcontested matters which
neeessmily m a t be established by either side. Stipula.-~
tiom may be w e e d t o by aJ.1 parties prior t o the trial,
but i n all eases of the w e of stipula%ims i n the trial
the record m u ~ l tshow that %hey are agreed upon by ths pro-
seeutor, the accused, and the defense counsel in open oour'h.,
The rseord m u s t also show that such stipulations were
received by the court, They need not be accepted by the
court when an;y doubt exists as t o the accused!~ understand-
ing of what is involved, Stipulations should mt be mad5'
as Go ~Atalm atters amounting t o a complete defsxmhs or
s u b s t a a z t i ~admitting the ~ o u s s d ' aguil%, Stlpetla%Im~
should be elosca2y aemLin.ized by the c o w t befcrs meep5m?.s,

he court is not; b o a by a stipnlation, even if receimd,

For instance, the @ourtga o%sn inquiry m y eonvinoa it t h a t
the s t i p t t M 8 3 fsaet is not tme. The c o u r t may p e r m i t a.
stipulatiion t o be e t h d r a m , and if" so withdram, it is nota
affective f o r pwrpoae,
Stipulatiom as t~ f a c t s may be writatan or o r d , Such a
stipulation may be i n the f om:
"1% is stipulated bet;wsso the accused, his counseA,
and the p r o s e c ~ t tih~a t (here, s e t out %he f m t a
stfpulated) ,*

l.3' the stipulation i a .inwritten form3 tbe side offering

it may shov It to the other arlde and o f f e r I t r%n
avldencie. If o r a l , it is stated 9 . a c o u r t , The
amused and his c o w e l should m.-a~>m~e in open
GQW% that %hey J0.S.B l i n "s@ stTpuka%ion., Ths court
m y ass-ma i t s e l f by yuestiod.ng, if nesessmy,
*hat the mcusdd fuL2.y uncleratan& the c m t s n % x
of the stipnlatlom =d that i% 5s of;h@mia@ proper,

(FRos) (El!: St is 8tipu2,atbd befJge@nthe accused,

his comesl, and %he py.oseau%ian, %hat
if. mrcg fin cc)wt, he
~0lLLd%@~3tj.ry (0, %roula
as fCi~Io~trs~
t$e%",fy a ahom, in %be et~atment,
Exhibit-,--, ~ M c hI now offer ,)

GgE: {"he COIL- shod.,&m?omce lkJs decis5~nas

.to reeelv.i:r~the stfpulat~fonas above, 1

The %6llaa&zgf cu%ns bs used for stfpula-

.t:fons entared into as to facts prior tc % ~ % d

t Jos, R. C a m 1 A G p U$ Army:,
Tha* t ~ L%,
8-3-67$;,r3, waa shot dam sear &man, c&zmnaxg on % a h
&,y 3f Jm9my ~ 9 4 5 ~ %.ha% he was confi~mdLn POW
and
C a p & d a g L d t 3 Prom the 11th day o f J'm.axry 19%5
-1x~t9120th day of April- 1945$ when ale was liberated
by.the troops of Lha Amy,
 / s / GeciL ~ o - ~ g o ~ ~ - g
/t/ CECIL 21, PEOPLE,
Capt,, l7Wh I&, ,
Defense Counaal.,

3
Accused

The following form of St-Spulatian m y be used as

to expected testimony,
B d HmbPxrg, hm,
15 July 1.945.

It i s hereby stipulated and agreed by and between t h e

prosecution., the defense, and the mcu~ted, %ha% if
private John Brown, 796th MP Bn, US Army, were prsseni,
he W Q U ~testify
~ ets followas

I wae a, member of the 796th M9 Bn, US Army, on.

duty 15 February 1945, at POW Stockade near Rheinus,
France, when. the accused, Hans Schmid%, ma delivered
t o me f o r -: ;nP523em6nt i n said s%oekadeby a Sgt , Jams,
30th k f . US Army, Schmidt was then i n the miform of
a soldier in the German Army,

Capt., 1'79th lrze,

&fame C o w e l ,
Certdsl Blnds of fw%s~csetdnot b s proved because t h s
c o w % is au~horfsadt o raoogniee thefr sxistenes w3tbou'r.
pro.%, Such reeqpiticsn Is t a m d s'JudEciaJ, l!Jo%fsewb,

Among mtlers of' which a Militmy CrOvlemmn.t; C o d !ra,y

take judicial notlcs are &he foJbPc~~2.n.g:
The Comtftution, tresatfas, and c)%hargemre? 7 e-wv nf $..he
TPnl%edS t a t e s ; %he leg of" &tiom, m i l e s of TTW m i n t ~ r -
pe.Pted and c o ~ s i , m e dby $he United SGatss of hmrfea,
The gre& seal, of the United Strs;$eca and tho%@ of its
posssssions ,and of" the s a v ~ r a Sl t&es m.d Tamitorfas;
Gha sn81s ofaall. eonrbs of seaord of %%as United S%~6,es
ac.12 .fts temitor-Y,esw d poss@salms and of %he s;rsverd
Srpi_$w; the ,Y@L$-of a ,~.f~tm.y
publlc; the 9 e d of the
~dgsw&&1% f&~:wraL ? s Off lea,

O S Q ~ ~ . Z ~ % 02 %he P w , ~ - c % u &%he
~ V X z Re&- '
a%PmsJ%he Q?iiclaL Atmy Register, the Axmy Lie+ 3nr3
RreoTory, %he pra~5eiczmof o f l f o t a . l Amy HmuaHa, ?hi
existsnee a ~ dl o e a % l m of ssrvioe ccmiicnds, resersr~i-~,.iom,
posts, 6nd st;l;tions of troops, as 2ubllshsd to ths Army, a
-t;hcs fate% that an officer belongs to a c@rta.inorganfza-
%:r)~.~ b r m ~ he%c. ',
~ ,, the orgawiza%f on an61 sompcsndnt; p a r t s
%
I the C bm .&q,

Can,er.d orders8 bwkle",fss and n i r c u l w s 0% the Ffm B y -

mGment; W a r hpas%mct~ r d e r n~ 9 -:?ding
, G~aesa'' CoWts -
J.&rLlaL. MJr.$itary Comfsslom, bELi't'arg 'liribmals, m d
G o~ermeatC o w t s , &nerd ord@rs, e isanlms
M.,$1,9t;ar~ ,
bv.Xles%ins: crdesrs segardbg & n e r d GO~K~P%S-M~~.",%L~ I&%-

3%- Commlssicsns and Tribunals, and M I B I t q &wm&

@(31vrt;%0% th&f app~intlng&~rbhorfty,and all h i g h 8 ~
autbr~ty, m ~ . s directives,
, raelss, orders,
and publications 0% Mililtary GOBB-E~, MiTf % m y
Gc~mlllmea3.t@ o w % #and Commlsaiam fn occupiad &-,
 ragulaticas for the people of th3 ooeupied t s x r i t u r y
cb h m y OX ma sub-d9sisi~mt,hereclfg Gem laws I

f c ~ r u sIn $he tsrritan wh@reln the court; is s fttiaag;

m d d k m'ktj.@r~ of GOWE b m - l s a a 52 such ~tes-rritory, .*

The p : b . ~ i p S l bof Judiolal nd:lstic~d o s ~not; prc)hibSt the

, i ?~'a
l ~ $.I%KWIV~. C~'B~&T&B of i& %=t o f ~ h f ~i Lh18
au'c-hcrized to Lake Ju&fci&Lnt?%%c;e,'and,if not satis-
flea w t % h t i h . ~e x 1 ~ ' rxf %he of w.%li(:h 1% i s m b d
LQ J 1 2 d f > i ~ t 1 11-otlea, it .my r r 3 f13 t~ acy au%h$jnkif:
s3vn(3131is.$ h$on&CY%*no
For whdre'l the t e r m 6i.f a ge~.areJ,
or&e~QT %ha
Vm b p & r n ~ z t m e mat3xiez1, the a o m t m.qy send for a
:.?py of the order,

1% EES e w t m a r y f o r t3e @%a@ d@airiragthe ex=%

f a take
e ) f a given Sac% %o m k the courtI t.0 dr,

J ~ t d t e i & LECB~-,BCU-~~
sc, a% the an@ t h e pre~@z&Jxigmx avaj.kable au%hsn.t.f::

solxres of kfsrma%imGP She aubjsot,

If"%he y1.%.ll;";~d318 $21 be 923. :LB. &df $i;%%C i'l.

develaplng fha r m 3age xbaf deneb an& n;9.tiimallittyc$ the
mas,
2-

f w t s sl?lodLd bs &du~sd ehczw- the educa~~:lc~n, gen-

asal?q; spesi8Eized edu~titlon., if m ~ a,Iow , the $En.@
f a r '~h9shthe wi%nda.~lfa offerad as an sacp~rt;%ha =%labear
sf y@ms%ha vf-kndss has baesn engaged Pn such line o f w ~ r k
and t h p3me ~ cf' auch work; theeso p p ~ ~ m f t ~his i t awcrk
~
: kxt,
a f i ~ r d e df o r him ta f e m &cut 'h3b s p b ~ i a l ~ . k , y-bb@
l;o,5b, m a g e z b ~ar-biokesa, &be., h@ h a vrftden' en h i s spec-
fal%g; hamre e#~xf@rres0 uparr, him by Govem@n%s,f r m t f t a -
%?-ona,f o a b % 3 o r m 8 or recagaiz6B sg.gaa.iza%io~ &@vo%ad La
338 spe~f&l.%;y,o and . q y o t h e r $%%a %hat w o d d be of ~:3k8nze
50 %b% grd%nrs$ rmzi in d&bm%n3ng if the %9%:mes ;is sa
v8.U quali-f$ed in M s speai&$y as to rnr5-k t;ha -h:-PtR+ of
exp3*?,
 -
e~~ggessted in trrder %ha% Ghe mmt may bs fu%ly
ac.:quain%adwith tiher facts baaring t)n Gha i d o n t i f i c -
atioz and. ausl,3dy ~f ,the rsrL%$Le,aq.d 80 t h a t t,h.e record
%-Ill, indlo&%eLu the rsvl.e?tyiylg aut,horf-t;y t?ze exact
-
rn9,xt-a t h e s ~ ~ f%ha% each mtfebe be iden%i-P'lsSIby

apprcjprf &a .e~Pl.aes~~?eand that proof ba m . a d . ~cf

kha

wm.f;ody of' such m'cfeles i n an unbroken chaln f r m

the Limb they ox9gL~dlyc m ia.-brs

' ~ ~ Q B B ~ B S ~of~ Tkh6

~ D ~
~xPi?'etringts:ida m%%l %Be4 ~ e r yimLm%ofofParfllpl; %a

s ~ , adheai~s% a : - may be w e d by %he

s t i c k e . ~ "ar
reportx9x %o &$1x properu h i s mark of $d@n%Wi-
C:Y?LI%
ca%leonLo ekx%ia%.ss, ,such as p i at,aLs, ~ D ~ V Q Egwls,
, a-P:>o
a3

on vhfeh w i t t a n mixrlw woubd no$ s h m ,cr V C ~ T -,:..:~z

~~B 1:)ff

aasflye
the opfiaioa of the e o ~ have , a bearing
on the Issues
before it and ham prcsb~~'Lbm aaLq~8w3 admrE~~fbl.@
in

evidence, including proc,aed.b&s 0% Boar& and C o m t s

cs" rnguiry; fn~~atiga-bicmsi by k s p a c t o r s rAlzsral.

o r
other ixvestiga%ing o f i i ~ e r sand r e p ~ r %of s W w Grimes

hmsLigatd.cm T s a m ~ , ~ S % h e:in
r whole or is part;

u a w.j~,z@sses
affidavfts and d ~ p s s i % . l ~ of ( including

affidavits have barn ~Grzi.mka%~d

in%o a lmiguage

differen% %ran%hat w e d by the 3?4.%~t3asIn making %ha

aff ldavi*,,

-
While not RBqTaRED, it; is ;3weat;eO 1-22 order t b a 5 %he
e o w t m y ba f~J.&yac:qmintcsd with their na%we a d
source a d.so that the record u911 Indieate to t h e re-
viewing au-t,horfty the axat:% m,%ma Ynerecf %ha% tha v.

proof of' authentie2%y of a%% doermamxts m d wrifJ;en

5-;+~mn-k,areceived In auid~nesbe establjshed In %he

n o m l way.

A ;.resdic;ate for tbc? % n t r ~ d ~ ~ ~ "of

% ib8fd@ri03
ozl of %his
chaxaeter S~3~eLuder,bu% n ~ t ws~a~sm9,&y 'be
limLtad to, tne d"oLTcX.4ng steps, msumfng the documtsxr:t

ta be, an &f idavf'b or vrl%t%ns%a%~meait~:'

of ths mltfen s5db5rim~~

1 ) Id~ntiXfoa.-bic+n
by t-he wit~ess (who h a been placed on.
the stand, sv?,rn ar& .'5-ir +116'9ad),

(2) The i~.,t~ro&?~?%:,:

of" evidence Z:' t h e sxa.,
o'utfma 8f %hr? d~i;~men.F; c.E"
in %ha ,pr(~se1nr,~9
%he witln8ss or ~2;b@~"iise by the parsor&
whose s i p t w s appars %ka?~@orl~

(3% The f d:3n%Ff"fc atiorl of %he ~ f g r & * ~ ~c:?r ' a

the p s s o n sxsca%fngit,
After the cam%-bas "a&mit%sdm any doo?men%or imtr~%bz.E~
Lr. e.rrfdsn.cs aa an exhibP%
it must be q9in%roa~~edS8
and given an. exhibit nmber so Ghat f t wi3.1 becow a.
part of the sseard,

All. doeumsn%s should be hmded %a "e s o x r t repcxr*c'.er +.o

be m k e d as exhibi2;~Yor id@n%lfica%ic,ngq -psra9cr %Q
the questfonE!3qqcrk" %he -witnsssas who a r e to Pibmlah
the p r a ~ fwhereby ?-hemtie-lea are p r o p s l y fden'2f i e d
f o r admiesfm @v%dem@,M t ~ %rhe proipsr pradiadt,a
has Been laid for t'm aMssiap3. of' t h w ~ t,9zFjs $4, sh:.xalh
then be cffsred %ns ~ i d 6 by ~ asonag such sta?,am~:,ta8
 "I now c,fZer i n e~-fdezazee&oascutiongs (r;r b$ema*as)
F&lbi% Nae &~den~,f~fcatfsn

o r % g ~ ~amd l. four alspias o f t h s tra~q~ript ctf tbm record %dl2 bs

pr6pam9d f o r the rim3 of the Dapu%yTh@&%$r 2uQs Advmata $,'3rFdar
Crfaes . %hSs e<rn.@at5on.,inv@s.E;f gat$r:m prop,c%ddme, h m reqgxlrgd
yror?urlsmanP, r f ifpng.!rJ?_ %~ES.~PJ;~C;~" -5 ,$,;,,;I.- ~VX~LL~YIL ay$d@ncs%n
rrfgf-mil a d 5~ficp&u,pl:tcst;e,eopiss. Comaqub~~.t,ly~ whPle such ~rit".,rz
exhibiks should b~ in4Jxadw.c!~dand r e d to the c0n~%,&t:' i29aa the
s9me nirZ9:ln.er aa I s %he prw,%fo;% in ord$rmy L r l d a , B ~ o Y % ; E ~ ~C ; JB ~DO*,
repi,x%era, etr..,, &febaGss %]ha% such ~mi%f,en -c&lbf ts no% be
pZSpfn?lT,y rspr?&ucad. in the record, CE ooqnsie, %bereemd of %;-rial
shfcLLd ~ . $ ~ B~~ O B~P$&.a$ ~ ~ .such l %~~ i G~% r gxhibit
9~~ y w,m rsad ts
f;5.($~
ih.:rd;~r!:Cc)~~dsijaj.@fi,d;b~r~
7, J _ -%hec;r-Q%928 and 4:.915 fire't; d.-blpL$8::a$acopy
f 5 : b , d ~ g b %c&,$]% ~ be &$3s&,@& ~ r i grial
f f':&s$ d q > ~ ~ a & , s
~ 9 - CP
s@ci..>&
%ntha fZLss .:i~i!:~~:.~tit~$d
.
g ~3hb t r & r ~ e r % prssp,c:LSysQ,

%a
t~
$a&Ta &9 - :;. .- cf' a19 ~ m l l - , t o
h $he csven.%%",hatf i r s %r%n&
~
e&j.b$%s a d ~ ~ a ~ ~ . & j ~ n e
chf gf prgsecu$ar, a ~ % h ~ ~ n ? : , P ooii-pisa
&~d
~hbra.::>fxfi%:! be md@,ctc22 a,%h,chi$d$0 the firs% duplirm%s ccapy c~f
4-'

%h@% ? ? S . ! . ! C X ? ~ ~ % ~ , =,a. 8 8 @ ~ 1 ~ pl8b@d

1d %hb - U r n @ f i k 3 f old+3r0
Action i n Caae 82 Insanity of Accused.

Whenever a court is s a t i s f i e d t h a t the accwed is u n a b l ~by r e a m

of insanity t o understand the nature of the charges a g a i n a t him
or the proceedings of the court, or t h a t the mewed committed t h ~
offsnrre f o r which he is being tried but vas ins- when he coman3tltsd.
it, the court shall record a finding of either such fact md n m 3
make an order providing f o r temporary cwtody peladiw d 3 r c s e t r r ~s~;ly

.
the reviewing authorfty f o r permanent custody or other d i ~ p ~ ~ i i ; % ; e ,
(MGR-5-3351
 (&cap% for Section 450, P a r t Ig of t h e T ~ l a biJan7aab
l
h m not beem i;nelud+d in t h i s bxtrm.fje)

Civilian vf%ness fees of frl.enday allied. natd0ml.s ~houLd

be yald f r a appropriated funds i n wcordmoe w3th the pr~vl~fons of
a?35-&120, dated 30 B ~ a ; i b~~9 4 3t~ ~ meaadea, a d C i s ~ t 46,
i ~ this
~
kL&adr&ers, dated k 3u.m 1945 SILICAgapmn% should bs m&t:on
Dap&men% Form 338, %be adm$nfs%rativec s r t W i e a t e thereon %a BQ
sigma by the chief paposeeu%~rof the w a r arhes e m a ,

Cid%im'rt.-E+aess fees of ~~ m%fo& who sre

frSen&'by -rLLaesees aahoad bo paid maording to Lh6 px~@-~%om of lettsr,
%&is h f y & p ~ % ~ r sf, i b AG @ Q Q W ~ C~ B~ - ~ subdee-k:
~ Veetj m a
A l . E ~ % ~ mof
o a ~ ~ S l t G6)~erXlrn@n%
a ~ g ~oq&a Espeo id13 ~ppob%@d f'
Gh8 Ts9.d of Gwos I n v o l ~ i n gW a r CrWs, gg h % e d 7 Sop-bemksr lg%k5,
"he voas,?her~ f o x papmen%of such w i t m s s fee8 ox a x p @ s e s%dl% be
signed by the chief prosac?a%orof the war er%m@s awe m d wib%
be %ye 3he form of a certifioate ahowing ma ft&zed sta%em@ntt
G %heI ?swan due +&a ~ 5 t m s s ,
 Section 5CL'

SEC
501
--
Outline --
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ L w J - c.- Q
----
- .- O f A-T-r i-a l-Before A ---
20g-2.
Ggn.eral
v Q ~
~ o ~
-- --
- - Or lntermedlatje
--- -
PRESS THE CCIITR;II WILL COME TO ORDER,

The members of t h e eosxrl; s h a l l be furnished vTth a

dossier of' the case p r i o r t o d r l a l . The m3mbers of the
court ahoald have before them durirg tksg trial copies
of the charge and particulars,

F'RI3s: THE c m m A P P O r n r n 0 . .
, , AS m m m m , .
IEE WILL RE SWORN. The i n t e r p r e t e r rises and
faces the Presiaent who esks: DO YCIlT SKmR ZTIl
AIHIGmH GOD ( S O ~ AFBIRM)
Y TEAT YOU W I L L B TO
THE BEST 03' YOUR ABILSgH, TRULY T-ME TIE&
PROG.EEDll?a OF THIS CCXJRt AS 'IXE C m MAY REQJEREP
(MGR 5-91k, No, 2).

m-m: I DO.
i!he prosecu%or, defense c a m s e l , and mmbere of the coqnt,
in conducting t h e i r in+,3rrcgatiom, should pxopovmdtheir
questi~naby addressing 'e2e witaess directly, and t h e
interpreter shozld tra;nslate directly =d vrjrhaLf m, ~zd.
2n the same person, everflhing that is s d . d subdeck to
the direction of %ha sourt, He should oo+.be pemittlmi -5~s
engage In 6oU3qw on h i ~ lc n e . The 18 en*,i%led
t o have the prooeadings t r a n s l a t e d when he i s ocJbem9se
amable to understand the language in which they a r e
conduetad,

mote tha% the president, and not the proseseutox, administ6rs

all, oaths,

PRES: Tm COVE2 1 r. .
SAPP0mE.D , , , AS ICEPORIFW, El3
WALL XIE SWORN, The rapcxtrrr r i s e s and faces %ha
President whocasks x DO XDJ SFCEAR BY J L L N I a Y GOD
(SO-Y ~~) FBfJ YOU WHL, TO TEE BEST OF
 YOUR ABILITY, TRULY RECORD AND II)RAIgSmm TKE
S THIS COURT% (MGR 5-9 1kp NO, 3 ,
F R O C ~ D ~ GOF

PW:
.
[Xf an ,idvis@r hm hssa appointed,) THX CCURT HAS
A.PPC/INTED , , , A S DESER T O TELE' C m , BE WILL
BE WORN, Ths Adviser rises and faces the PTe4JS dent'
'CT~Da sks: DO YOU SWEAR BY THE ADdIGBTY GOD (SOLEMF
LI AFFIRM) ~6EATYOJ TJILL, TO TH3 OF YOUR
ABI:~lTH7 ACT XKPAE2wP A S ADVISER TO THIS C W 8

n?PS:: TEIS C W 2 2 E&S RXF-3 M P O W E D F

hTR
ST
tm TQ SPEC17:9S,
C:RGDS KO,-- ._.a_.-, PABAGRUE z WBJmmS,
U2m C OI@LMTD, DATED Tm-pDM OF
..--- * A C O l T THBRXOF IS 032-mD ID E T I m C E A3
EmTSP2 2-1,

5 A GGFT OF IEE G ~ G E TSJJ?OX WEICE THE ACCUSED m TO

FJAS SERTED W O N TEE (EACH) ACCUSED ON Tm
F;E T R ~ L ' D
--.-+d%Y OF- -- -- AS SHOWN BY
TEE SITRIQMi: OF CKARGES l 3 E E m D W O N A COPY T m O F ,
mxm 1 Nm C i a m m mwGE As EXHXBTT P-2.
PEICS ,S THIS CASE OF TIIE IJNnED STATES v3 (ET a,1
WAS FEFWL%D T O THIS C m F O R TRIPLI; ON SAID CHARGES
B'f IBTTm OF TEE DEPUTY v4TKXE ADVOCATE FOR WAR
CRIRES, PNED TL1E_- MOF 2 -$
.
WEICE IS NOW aFFEEiED EZTDBBCE AS XXHlBD P-3, -
PROS: 'JIZFESR~E~IQ~MD~ENSEC~S~PORTHJSTR~
MERE: ASSIGNED BY j2X'THI OF THJ3 DEPUTY eJUDC;E ADVOCATE
F9R V R CRINES3 DATEZD THE DAY m-.ps-~
I O E E R THE SAKE IN EV I
m 6E AS

mm P-tc.

: C 8PECIAZ
TEE ACCXJSED I 1 E S m TO ~ R O ~ AS E DlEENSE
C ~ ~ ~ - - - - - - -------
T~atToZi5,yJ- T w o f s ssion )
I
@Jm
WHO IS 1XlIY QUAWFIED T 0 PRACTICE BEFORE THIS COURT,
SEC 501.

In the es'mnt of oiv-ililsaz oapma@L, the c o w * m a t aa%Ssf"y

itae3-f" m d the r e ~ o r dmati show &%imtively t h a t such
counsel haw parmlss-Son of, R ? I ~is authoriz@d by, t h e
blflitar~Gcwermest to prmS%c::e L aw, A 6yte,t~mrs%of
c o u r t In the rac2rd t o %ha% effect w i l l suffles,
(MCFR 5-322,2)

No mmb3r of' the eo& is sworn-,

ox of the prsseeu-t;lcs~~
The C < ~ Q ~Y h~ ~ ~ a~ XbC Jd: : ':?? ~ T I ~ ~ T I02
~BX :,oo?E&wha :+rilA1

be oahlad 9u & v~itnessi,?. -5ka ease o r has 8,personal

I:ct%~ss.ast5x1 2%.

P m T B COXRI! B M BATISFDD E~m-2T U T :mIS PROPmcJ

C O R B J ~ ~ , E % DT B JTEE ~ LAWSam) ~51.m (g~~mam~
? T L E A R Y ~ G O T ~ ~ ~ .60TdE?IS
I$lf E4.S ,3TBISBICTbOg
IYFR "Qj PERSGfl {S) AKD OF%"EIISE &Sj OF THE ACWSED,
...,.>. 'L7...-.
>.-
,, -p-q -,-,rr >
L1-2. P3OSEBEIm OR IEFENSE B&3 GRC?D
FlC)E C W G X OF ANlt.-l@BBER, IT' B XE@EsED
E BE D ~ d " E W 3 DNOW, QEnone &%elnsad, add]
T l B F 3 EEZlYG XO ~ @ a T DYOR W T W G E , TEE d"@m
PS DECTAmD TO 2% 2XQPERLY C O R S a C m E D ,
EW her %he
0 ~ L ycbalL?nges :SCT C " E Y A S ~m y b7 exer~2~ed
prx s s ~ t ~ f nor Xhe d=ionse 9s a~z.f;i%Isd
1 Go p ~ r e ~ p $ ~ r y
r~k&%91-~4a, Chae.ngea ~ 5 1 %be dec9d-9d by a m j t x f t y ~ 0 5 e
o f +he court 7-11s3 m %he baais far c h d % s n ~ is
e such that,
r;by=~c.ual,yxh6 cb%T3enged m m b ~ rshonPd be exone&d and it
is -amdaesswy $0 gn t;kor;l~bt h e i o m a P i t y QT ~ ~ a t f n g ,

lSbe cowb by mJ~rl=ky TO% 1% empornred t o asaer t r E d

Ess sm61"a if It is necessary for esoml%y, p m t e c t f srs. sf
r ~a%hergood reason, Any order for trj,aE 3 3
w i % n e ~ so~
camera will be n o k d 0x1 %he record and a rapor% attmhed
slatfng %%lo reasons %herefer {MGE? 5 - 3 2 ~ ~ 6 ) .

FRXS TQ ~ c c : mmI,omay qasTrorss ARESTG IKTRING

THIS YR3X.L M'IiX BE RULED UPON BY THE Pli S 5 m
ST.TA,~E T O O ~ ~ I OBY Nm mmxm OF ICLL c o r n ,
Section 501

EES: TITE ACCUSED W I L L HQW 13E mmEAI

C El &?I T O H I S N M ,
I

Tha mewed' wLbl &inya.y&3 ~ % ~ >~h@xx

. d addlrd~8@d,

PIES, '68 ACC: YOU M?B P!-D TWT TJKDER TI32 W W

M D m Y 243,- YCXJ ARE .ENTDLED 3 3
T B B C ~ r TOn aaa: BCI:TSfi7WmTGx

While a o $%me 112 advax5e of %:?fa1 3s p @ ~ . ~ s 3 ~ ' l ; d d .the

o pa-

a copy of"such ', -

psss of this p r o r l ~ i mi s %.<a en--3423,"~

x%P1 assure him a %&.r trial ~ n d &

- the m:naed %o recaive
-..ye,- stkyf ~@xL%>J 9~ &grgwc;a %&.%ax as
. Ford him ari oppartw~i%y
-tsprepma a defeme,
 7, TO H4VE TEE P R D ~ l l ~%MW S J . E B ?&LEN YCXJ
WIE 0TmWa:SE ?JIVABI:;E TO UiTDEZSTmD T-EE
WGTJGE IN NHIm ?EEX ARE C3NI;FISmD,

8, IN TIE EVBYT OF C m G 1 ' I Q R TO FKU A P3TDXOlY

FGB mm TO TBB A B P Q L ~ D J GAll!?EOI?EY 23lBTmG
FUEE G R O L Y ~ ~m ~ m MDns z m~r n c ~
SHOIJLfl BE SEI! S T D E OR MOD'LFTEB-

ACC , : XES, SIR,

FEES 0 2 LDJ TdXTXI POW ClTTER IN I W X m C X AS AS2XBIBIT

PC-5TXE A C C W L I S m MCG FORM YO, 38,

?he pres:d3z> reads Lo the W E C W @ ~ .the c?hargs[s] a d par-

t%cu%srsas set for%h. in the ahmge sheet, Attm %be
remag of E463E parL8,:.-&er &mi EACH ~2targeths (.ios;rr%vf$lu
=?a: the a ~ c w e din the 9-ez-e nex% below s e t out, if he
~-rl,&~rsGrn& the sane m-d.vhetheg. he pBeads guilt3 cr not
gui.Rb%gt o 2% [MGR 5-32b03). The sow% m g x7eapb a p l s a
of' gl;bSlty -bra an offems other % h m that 6hUwg6dQMGR 5-324 !, ,

'*?'Q
AQC, <, I DO.
19

If the i ~ s a eof insanity is ra,ised, it should be done

hers. The court w i 11 then.proceed set f o r t h i n
part !I:[; SBC, 360, of t h i s Outline,

PRES,TO ACC: HOW DO YOU P W P

If tha pLes is g
ui1%$:
PRES, TO ACC: DO YOUUBDERSTAND THKC BY A PLEA OF G U m Y
YOU A N I T AS TRUE ALL PBHTI- AND THE
CHARGE A S SlE FORTH IX THE CHARGE SBECT
AND TEAT WITHOUT FCTRTHW PROCR? THE C m
CAN m OSE :Amy LA= SrnENcE, EXCLUDING
m H (IF A GEmaAL MILrrARP GO-
CCf&1WI) (UP TO (10) YEARS IMPRISONMEWL'
IF AEJ INTlZRMFBME COUFiT)? (MGR 5-32?;
5-3281,
ACC ,
PRES, TO ACCa DO YOU DESIRE TO CHANGE YOUR P U A T O ONE
OE" Nu2 CUIErY?

Ace. e 2 NO0 SIR*

ldhile %he c3mt may sentence on plea of g u i l t y without
Txwther f " L k receive evidence t o determine that
;not, fmprovibnC, or qualified. After hearing
p b a BZL*S
swh evid@me%h@ GO& w i l l be closed and will d e t e m n e
by majority vcts whether such plea of' guilty should be
entered f o r %he acawed.
If it d @ t e ~ a e+,hat
s the plea of g u i l t y will be entered,
a fLx.ng ~ f g'u i l t y by not l e s s than two- third^^ vote
should be ramfie by the c o u r t and announced in open court,
The cow% will %hen receive evidence t o (a) ascerta9n ex-
tenuat:ing r i r c w t a n e e s , if any, and'(b) to enable it t o
detemiaags the sentence t o be imposed, (MGR 5-325a; MGR
5-328) T h l s may praperlhy include evidence of character of'
the mewed and prior eonvictim.s, if any. The court will
then be c10sed, decided upon the sentence t o be imposed
upon t h e w,cwed by not less than two-thirds vote, reopen
and annom~esthe sen%bncei n open eowb.
X the c o u r t determines t h a t a plea of gi, :--should
9o-L b6 8,c::ceptsd and it Is detsenainad that 2 j",a r)f'
not guUty shoukd be entered f o r the acewed (11~1
5-32b .5) thl* c o l ~ .tw i l l open a d anmuwe:
'-'I J:3. TO A6C : A PIbF;B QF MOT R J I E Y 1'T' TJ BE E i l ' I ' m D

AND TH3 CASE WILL BE TR.TXD AS IF SUCE

A PZSA HAD BEXN MADR RY TPTil A1!C178EFU

Ths e z ~ r m
t y GG~; =aept a plea of gu5Lb;y an,&ms'e an-

tj\sr% ~ ) 1 : 3 & c-~f gl;i%zf;y t~

0f"fe~8(?; ~ ~ Y O ~ P ~ I I ~
,i;h..?. d.e&:lh pa-mXfiy, p r ~ ~ I . d f s l gh, o x o ~ s r ,%ha% a plea
::-2 gwLI.,%$-to offame y-t.m.2shnbl~ by doash rw~ybe
?-y'-..* _.-?t.od., It' Ghe eci~la:*~%a aaG%af2 . ~ 2 1fsm '&haae,%ma 92"
,. -4 .
L.,J.
,> * :.:as3 t;ha,tL t h e pzm$_smnt of death would hs c l e a r l y
ty:xcj.a.s an& a ]-egs3~p m A ~ b ~ ~ ~qouB& ,t; 37&f f GB
:..
3~ J*;
R
.''?,tZ-RzjLi
.. * Lo;, "

I f %here 2s nore than ant2 &ePenc-kmtp=d one OP m ~ r @ ,

bu% no% a>L, r2.sRA g x i l t y , or if a sin&@ defandan-t,
pbsarli3 gu~i23y", srm cr m ~ r e , but not d l of %ha
r:hargzs, %he CQW% s h a l l def'@r sentem8 an. say C$ the
c.b%ges m b % l the t r i a L 02 all is eomplstsd, Xsa crder
La impom 8ne se~3enceon each defendant vi%h raapeeS
%o d b the chwgea %,a %?h%Ch he hm pleaded cr has
B F ~ Ef'~n't;dg ~ x i I = , y ~
The -pr%sidepdyt or q y member of" the a o w t mqy fnGerroga%(3
the accnused on fat-bs paxtf;lnen.t to the o b s g s pm%icn-~
1.m~ but~ -&PX
50% apply any aompalsion to regr&re him. %o
ms%?er, Amy 8%a?t@m~b~ mdd by %he amused =zi IR be em-2-
tlbncl3 I n %be oasa, Attention Ps i m 3 t b ~d;o
d pmwaph c p
Ssetlon 220, supra, atyhIch it f a empWized 'that OQCEL-
sion should mry seldm arise-dnwar crimes trials, where
ad@qm%e praeecu.%f and def3nse aop;uase%a r e always avafB-
able, for Tntdmqat-30~. of arxwed or wi%n@ss@s by the
cc3'mt. h any ravat2 an order2y dev-elopaaf of amss dfc-
Lates Ghat o o w t s not do so mtf l prosseution. a d defa m a
b finished with the wltmse, Likevfsa,
e ~ ~ u m ehave
i n the ease of t h e acemed, interrogation by t h e court
should a l w a p be postponed m ~ t i m l ar the end of
the trial i n order t o &!,Lowthe prosacution tm oppor-
t i u i t y t o prove %he, e s s a n t i d elements of the e r i m
i n accordance with fts trial. plan,

EREsx DOES THF: P R m m m lESIRE TO MAKE AN OPENI!YG

.EWE'-% (MGR 5~327~1;MGR 5-328).
PROS: m, sn, (XG, s m 0

The prosecutor makes h i s opening s t a t ~ m n % i

, f any.

.,

PIIES. TO IKlTNESS: DO YOTd SWEAR BY GOD, TBF: ALMIGmY

AND O M N B C m (SOIXMNLY AFFIRM)
T W PCW W I L L SPEAK THE FURE TRUEH
AND W I L L WIX'BHOLD AM) ADD NOTHING%

The foregoing oath is administered by the president t o

a l l witnesses (MGR 5-354,6), t3 t h e accused if he
elsets t o ma%a a sworn sta%emeat, A form of &firma-
kiolcll, i n the event the witness wishes t o make m
sfleimation, i m t e a d of t a k i n g oath, is the same
aa the oath except the words "solemnly af"ffrm91arasa'
substitutbd f ~ the r words "swear by God, t h e Almighty
~ p-glk), Witnesses and t h e
and O m n i ~ e f e a %(MGR
accused stand while giving destfmony wiEees t h e c o w %
gives special. permission f o r them Lo be saatad, Com-
s a l interrogat.ing %hem laay stand o r si%,
Witnesstss a h ~ u l dbe permitted in the eoW~=roctnao nly
dww-~the eoklrse of t h e i r icterrogation,

PROS: STA!TE YOUR FCTL;L NAPaE, ADMZESS, 0(3G21PATIm3

AGE, AND RESImCE,

PRWs DO YOU KNOW '233ACeEISEDt IF SO, STmE JJJ;S

NW.

PROS: IS EE PREBNT IN C(3LEtT IF SQ, ZbTDICATE 'GO

THE CUUEF IJHICE PERSOM BE IS,
 t? NO F"umm QUESTIONS. DOES TXEE IEZ'ENSE 13ESDU
r o moss-mm%
E :: TEE IllPmSE DOES (NCE),
PROS: ANY Q;TJESTIONSBY AMY bEBBER OF TEE C O W f ?
P E : YES &3JQ1,

mi+^ 3T.cse c 2 %he ezi: : Y +-hep r ~ s s c u + 2 o n ,the

o:;,xr-t: or. 1 % ~
q y c orn mc%"r-r~ abl_jaJrfJ
%he amwed on ac$v
.-
?largep?f da f t dec%d,6s%here f 8 not s u f f f c f en+,ovf denr 13
"c ~~~gpr:&; the chargs m d %ha% t h e m e w e d . should.
b.s arega=!~@d G c) answer itg m d m y such a c q ~ i ~ 3 a . l
shaSL be o a % ~ r e idn -the re~0x-dof the case (~IGR
5-32~~2)

T h 3 ~ c ~ u r t., x g p l l ~ a tm
*
. f - of th3 pr~se~ution, q y

& i r e ~ tha%
~ t =y Parther charge or charges be p r a f e ~ e d
agzd2s5 the acmsed m d m#y gmt my necessary adjo-!nm=a
~ E fcr F ~Lh-3 Fwposa (MGR 5-327,2), If aa aiijou~x1.-
men% ia deemed necsasary, the c o u r t may p r o s e ~ d$0
maks :$a f i n d i n g s a1.d assess the psmishmm.t cn such
Pmther a h a g o witho.a% the re-introduction of' the
a~9.dencealready heard,

k- . ;?.itmy G~vaxnm8ntCow% may anend a ehaxgs 8% & T

% b e before fin-, provf ded tha% an adjoxmaenk i s
g w % 4 d:if n5c9a8ary1)a d that no injustice is %heroby
don6 the m:aused (PER 5-330).
SEC 501

Here 5.2 u d e t h e opening statement, if any, of t h e

def enss ,
DC : . TBE IXFEXVSE DOES (NOT) IXESIRE TO MARF AN OPENING
STAT-.

DC s TBE DEFENSE CALLS AS ITS FIRST WITNESS

The president administers t o t h e defense witnesses the.
sane oath adminlst,ered. t o vitnessec f o r the prosecution,

The president or any member of t h e court may interrogate

the a,ccused on any f a c t s pertinent t o the charge and
p a r t i c u l a r s , but w i l l not apyly any compulsion t o require
him t o answer, An accused h m no privilege against self-
incrimination and he w i l l not be warned t h a t he i s not
required t o answer questions (MGR 5-354.5). Attention i s
invited t o page 407, t h i s Section 501, i n which it i s
emphasized t h a t occasion seldom a r i s e s f o r t h e court t o
interrogate the accused and t h a t such interrogation, i f
any, by.thc : -8rt should be postponed u n t i l n e w t h e end
of t h e t r i a l . Furthermore, t h e president has t h e obliga-
t i o n t o mke c e r t a i n t h a t any such interrogation is orderly
and expeditious. If' the accused has not alreacly t a s t i f ied,
thhe president should always give him an opportunity t o
t e s t i f y f m e d i a t e l y before the defense is permitted t o
r e s t i n t h e manner hereinafter indicated.

IRES. T O ACC: YOU WAYP'i!&: A SWORN OR AN UNSWORN

STATENENT, ON WHICH YOU MAY BE CROSS-EXAMmD.
YOU ARE ADVISED THAT THE CClLTRT MAY DRAW SUCH
DWE3EECES AS THE ClRmANCES JUSTIFY FROM
YOU; r i.'2SAL TO AM- OR FROM YOUR F A I L m TO
TAKE THE STAND IN YOUR OWN BEHALE', ARE YOU NOW
WILLING TO TESTIFY?
CC : THE llEEaYSE RESTS,

PROS: THE PROSECUTION HCLS NOTHING l ? U E T ~ . DOES THE

COURT IIESLRE AlVY WITNESSES CALLED OR I Z E C U D 8
(MGR 5-3270310
PIIES : THE COURT DOES. (NOT) .
PROS: (Argument)
;

DC : (Argument)
.
 the c o u r t as do the gull% or fnwc6ncu,a
The f i a d h ~ "~ f '
f the a:cused and, if guilty, e3a to the sonP;enoe t r bw
:
9~3osad, m w t h e by the c~mmt?zc".s of a% L- -.Tt3wo~-
dF%r&~of a21 th3 members p ~ e s ~ c t t h a time %h8 80%ls
* n m

J9 u G & ' ~ c K, L-" j U ,i 0

Cow% s h a l l m o m c ~
A Ml,9tt3rjr ~ v a m 9 n % I% EI
firad5xtgs.
rxi sash pmtSnuPar and charge bef'o~sit, m,d s h a l l pro-
Section 501

nounce one sentence i n respect of all the charges upon

which the accused i s found g u i l t y (MGR 5-331).

T h e findings, as well as the sentence, must be announced

i n open court (MGR 5-327.1) ,

PRES: THE COURT WILL HEAR EVIDENCE OF PREVIOUS CONVIC-

T I O N S AmT) OF ADY EXI'ENfJmSNG CIRCUMSTANCES.

Evidence of any previous convictione of the accused i n

any court may be received (MGR 5-327.1).

PROS: THE PROSECUTION HAS (NO) EVIDENCE OF PREVIOUS

CONVICTIONS,

PIIES, TO ACCB D ~ E STHE ACCUSED IXSIRE TO I N T R O ~ C E

EVIDENCX OF EXTENUATING CIRCUMSTANCES OR TO
MAB3 ANY FURTEER STN- TO TEE3 COURT?
(MGR 5-32701).

PIES: THE COURT WILL BE CLOSED,

The procedure f o r voting on the sentence is the same a s

f o r voting on findings (L 7b) .
T h e court w i l l be opened i n t h e presence of the accused,
his counsel, t h e interpreter, the reporter, a n d the
personnel of t h e prosecution, al.1 of whom remain standing
(except the r e p o r t e r ) a% which time *he president announces:

PRES: TEE COURT I N CLOSED SESSION, AT LEAST TWO-THIRD3

OF TRE !S$EERS PRESEW AT THE T I M E THE VOTE WAS
TAKEN C O H m I I \ T G , SENTENCES YOU:

1, TO EB IMPRISONED FOR A TERM OF

COMC-!IEMCING 194 AT
OR SUCB OI!HER PLACE AS MAY % DESIGNmm BY
C O M F E T m IILFTAR'II AUTHORITY.

OR SUCH CX!BER PLACF: AS MAY

BF DESIGNATED BY CW3EE3Tl' MIIJX'ARY AEtHORB1Y,
3. TO lEA!X'H BY HANGING AT SUCH TDG3 AND PLACE AS
HIGEE3 AUTHQREY W DEUE'2,
 pcsmss of %he eopxr%, see abam Sce, 2 5 ~ ) :
(Am G:, ~e~%,sas.r.?e
I JUL I O C T l JAN l APR 1 JUL I O C T l JAN l APR l JUL I O C T l JAN I APR l JUL
1945 1946 1947 1948
I

APPENDIX XXI 203

CASE BOO

5-37 22 Jan 47 . IJBS'fl, Rudolf Acquitted

RRUcmmCK, lEKviLnz 21y e a s
Elwm', .F;t.s&et 3-2 years
~~, - Fardinand hquftted
GEXEBCIEER, Rudolf 2 yema 2 yeas
CxXEZ, fiw 2 yema 6 months
GRIEER, Norbert 4 yema 4 yews
HAmbdmE, Hertea Acquitted
HEXOEI, K m a l ~ e Acquitted
BUEBNE?, Priedrfsh 2 years 2 yeaxs
lINDER, StsphmAe 3 mosbths 3 months
Bmm, ,Esfol&f oh hquf t t s d
KUKdSKA, GrePnl hgluf t t ~ d
IpAmmm, n o i s hquf%tod
l4.&YmEom,RudoE % year
MmnZ, Paul, Acquitted
P A U m I X S E , Joseph 2 yeeu.s
B-, Elflzabeth I+ years
m L 8 r90ha 2 pJelXf3
S-kRQm, Banz 5L ~ a = s
SW-, Josef a I"_ y@ms
BWBm, J o s ~ $ 9
42 yeaxa
SCBIdmTZ, Step- AcqufLted
~ . ~ WfH gdriah
, l$ years
ZIEGLER2 Vici%or k q u f tted

5-83 30 k t 49 I.iA13mB -%%hias

~a~mm,
~
Maria
d KWZ
.
a ~
. 30 years
5 years +
2% yeaxe
years

Death Death
Deat,h Death
Life UPe
Death Life
Lee Life
bath Life
 -
CASE NO. TRIAL M E PERPETRATORS
I 5-ll.3 26 Feb 47 HANSER, Stefan Acquitted
i OBWW-, Anton Acquitted
I
I
TPJEXR, A n t Life Lif a
W<;KGER,F r m z LWe LUs

5 -144 30 J a n 4 7 HCLFBAUERoFranz 25 25 y e w s
RLQH, Oswa3.d 25 yeaxe 25 years

5-150 2 4 Jul47 BOCrKHORNI, Walter Acquitted

'ICEATZR, F r i t a 25 pars 23 J-a=-8

5-s?3 6 NOT 47 Johann 20 yeme

S%mU@HmGER, 18 years
9 months
6 -24 16 Jul 46 l3lm9m9 Val 7. 1' +.I-. Death Doa%h
BODZ, B r i a d e ~ b&h Deatth
l?lRAuXj WfPXi Lifs 15 ~ W B
l3J3IESEMFIISm, Kurtd Death ha%h

TdON CZAMIW, Wib19 Llf e Life

CHRIST, Friedrich Death

DeatJh

CLcITW, ED- 10 years

10 yems

COBLEIE, b W r e d Life
15 Y ~ ~ W S

DlXFmHIIl;, Josef h&h Death

DIEPRICE, Josef (Sepp) Life Lffe

ECXMbLW, Fritz Death Dl aappromd

FISCHER, Arndt
m s , Gieorg
15 yeasa a Yams
Death Lif B
FRZDRICHS, H e i n z Life 10 years

GEl&KEE?, Erlts, Life

Disapprsa-sd
<:3EDIC5E9 H~3In.z Gerhard Lif Q Df sappraw d
G O J L l B C m E , ErxLst DeaAh bath
G H W , Hms 20 y e m t 10 years
IjxWfmm, Max Deal",h Lfle
HECIf;C, Armln Life Df sappro7~~313
HENDEz, W i l L f H e i n z 8 % ~
25 yasrs
--m, HmEi 2,,+:1 if: 3
HmIG, Ham4 b G 3jeus iC J , C ~ L B
HOl?MAND, Hefnz LWo 15 years
H a F - W , Joachim Death 20 years
MIBW, Hubert Death Dea421
J A W E , Siegfried Death 20 pJaJrs
JVHKER, Benm9 Death 25 Yeas
I(IFS,R i e d e l b&h 20 p3ws
mmm, Gustav L%?f, 15 y a m
KR!ZUR, Georg I2f8s 15 yoare
E'dNEE, PriLz PO yegss 10 pmxs
KkGiJ!TJ Werner Death Life
KIJXGEmOEFER, O s k a r Dsath 20 ~aar19
MAmB, Erich Deatll Diaappxoved
MZIloLASm P P ~ o ~ a LIT ; 15 y e a r s
MOrL'ZXEIM, &a :r?- Death D i sappromd
I4ommm, Ekicll Death 20 years
BBQE, Gustav Bath 23 yeme
203

CASE NO,
--..~-.-. '%RIAL
---.---..- DAT% Pm-':fiXW!!m
---~----..--
>::j;~q'~l:~,;[q~&~
-
--i
.CI
.3.
- ..

&~&-b h
De~th
Lse

20 yems
bath
Life
hafh
ma?&

I 5 yaam
Life
&a%h
Lf f'e
Death

.haKh
I&a+.:e,
.Ik5t~u'h
.

I:k~h$h
&-?at11

ba%b
bath
2i.th
ba%h Ria apprle,m~
6.
&ath 15 yams
LPf es DS.~appr~wd.
Life Disapprsw%sd '

Life 20 yaws
Death 13 grms
&a%h Lifs
Life3 8.5 g.eam
Lifa 15 ,yews
bath 29 rewe
Life 15 y s w a
13 years LO p,ws
Deat$ &at-$

Aaqulttsd
hqu8ttesd
hguf ttad
AcquPt'tad
Acquitted
hgui.t;"r,ed
hqu%t%ad
k q p f tted
hquikb,@d
hquft%ed
TRIAL DATE

24 Oet 47 HIESLLNGZEl, B m r m Acqdttad

W32YTSCBNIG, Roman 25 years 25 yeaxs

Death Dsatth
13 Pab 47 SCHm.mZ, Erwin Life Life
Wilhelm Kc,mad

KOENKE, Bernard Acquitted

m m , &xl Adam
WOLFs Hugo

~ife ire
Death Bath

1-9 -May 47 E;C:KMID, Marr. Josef

5 Jm- 47
28 May 47 ,-I Otto
Frisdorich
IXEXEL, Earl =Joasf

A B m , Thomas 3 yews Disappromd

GROSS, Kwfi Life Life
M.4CK, E d u w d 5 yea's 5 years
wTm, Adox 1;s e X fe
S P ~ ~ RZ , X
U~O Life Life

18 Dec 46 Death Death

Death &at3
Lee Life
j years 3'<
J " WS
s
2$- yeaxs @- ysma
Aeqrdtted

28 Apr 47 STJiBN, Josef

30 Sop '47 EASTH, August 20 pass 20 years

SlXlBK, Rudolf Acquitted
207
1.3years
CAE33 NO. TRIAL DATE PERPETRATORS SEWTENCES

12-531 7 Feb 47 BOHRS, Enlet '7 Yema 7 yews

BRUMMER, Peter 20 years 20 yams
DAMWIN, H e m Death Death

12-552. 7 Nov 46 ,-B W i n 6 years 6 years

BECK, Reinhard 4 years Disapproved
EEEEN, Josef Death Death
M~.JLC~, ~ranz 6 yeaxs 6 yema
l!33EL, Augwt. Death Death
W D l E E R , Paul DeaLh Death

EGGET, K a r l Death Death

10.yea;rs
Lif63
12-643 11 45
O C ~ DIEI'ERMAN, Wilhelm Death Death
EBLDTG, Andreas Acquitted

r2-658 5 NOV 47 BmME, Ctto Acquitted

FELaMEIER, W a l d m Death

12-7% Lb l l o r 11.5 BAUSCH, WiLhelm 5 YemS

BRm1, Otto 5 Ye=s
12-765 27 Mas 47 73IlOEP, Otto Death Death

PElEMPH, Christian Death Death 'r

,.-
,

BBIW331ER9 Heinrich Death Death .,

EISELE, Josef Life Zif e
P D , Arthur 20 years 20 yeass
HEIN, Frisdrieh Acquitted
MxmIIES, Max Llfe Life
lmRlX4E, G o t t l i e b Death Death

12-788 18 Jun 47 .

12-793 3 Aug 45 PACHTT\TGER, mickolaw Death

Death
' FLRTUITS, IIePmlch Death Death

DEUBEEIT, Heinrieh 15 y e a s 15 y e u s
SCHIIYllEL, Peter I year 6 months
SOLOMON,~ n n a 2 years 1 year
ZEECK3 Margot I$ y e a s 1 year
SlXRM, Georg 3 YW=S

GEISSER, 3W.l 5 Yews 2+ yems

W Z , Friedrich 10 yeaxs 5 Years
ma, Karl 5 Years & years
7 M h-7 MTELm, Fritz &akh
S C M , fiber% LLfe
ma:Y'::,Eq HaJxf3 %if@

-3 46 l3IXbWm, MaxiniBSan Sea%Ea

E m , Goaef Idf a
KKBEE?, L*. Walter ~ c q u i -tbed.
Eami
ST_~:,'~TI:~TG~E~, bath

3-9 Sep 47 N2mA, Friedrich Lif o

3% Jan 46 W K L O , Charlot be
mm, & m a %
. GRJEMEL, &urge
m-, Wia
,Ef,mz, J O B ~ ~
* EiEABDL, M.b;'h%~

7 w 46 BECK, Gard
%VJNREIrn, to
Life
Life
 AS APPROTBD
BY REVIlWl3G
----
CASE IPQ, TRIAL DATE PERP-ORS ~ E I V C E S AUTHORITY
12-11&-3. 28 Aug 47 ICANSCW, W i s h e l m Death Death

2.2-1286 13 Nov 46 BOCK, WiEhelm Death Death

GROSS, Johassn

FIRMENIGH, Ludwlg Life Life

JPSGER, Philipp 6 years 6 yema
XXELL, AdoU 6 yews 6 $ems
m, wi33lelm 10 years 10 y e a r a
0VErRI)ICK9 H e i n r i c h Lif'e Life
S W C K , Hugo 1yew 1 yeas
14 Fsb 47
4 Dnc 47 Death Death

26 act 45 Death Death

25 Apr 46 AI;BlSHATSm, Anton LXe LEE?

B(3EGIE2, Jwef Death Llfe
OHSIEK, F r i t z Acquitted

lh Sep 45 Death Death

%a S ~ 4
P5 GOIS-, Joaef Acquitted
W m , Alfons Jwob Acquitted'

Acquitted

Death Death

Death Life
%P-3.155-? 27 Jun. 47 BOEHM, m 1
von MASSOW, Ruediger
~2-I2.60 13 Sep 46 POLUS, 18 months 18 m o n t h s
Life Life
Death Death

Death Death
5 yeaxs 5 years

L2-UO3 17 A p r 47 Sm0LZs Siegfried Acquitted

12-1217 25 Apr 47 H m L , Erieh 20 years 20 p a r n

32-1237 L L Sep 47 WEIMAKN, H e r b e r t Acquitted

211
.3 yaws Dfsapproved
Id:fa
Lffs
" 9 ,,x
.b.L
@<
Q :Life
.- .-
,L?2.r'% Life
3 ;mass 3 yews
:3 "$?'%YB Bf sapproved
2- peas E year
bath %=a
ACq~dft",d
2 1 aorxbhs
XQ $ @ a s
A ~ q u%tad
f

Bath

B$.%b
&aLh

I& 8>%b

-
L,,\-, c; :
Ti

hatk.1
20 ysaxs

Life
10 years
DIRJJAmL, Rudolf"
mm, Eut

WHh.Eeinrich 3.5 years

DAUM, G ~ o A ~ 25 years

FgTWT, rnl Acquit-t;ed

CXFIATCH, Phil l p p ' Deat.91

H D G r n , cb'osef Dsa-bh
OE-KR, Johmn Dea,th

m m w , &the Dea'bh

S Z ~ I I Job t.ms
, qCm- Death

TdEZUXR, I& T ~ F * T S ~ , O Death

woa, Aug111;ut' 15 reas
Wrn, Erisarecl-l Death

2 years
- 2 yema
2 years
2 yams

22 JfC -x3-3

Daath
Life
14ifti3
Death
CASE 2;:@ ,,
-. ,..- -- -
. ! .:i:./
- .-.,.
:
-,...,-..
'I
I . ;
--.
. . . IF.:,:./:.': . . ..,,
,
. ,,.. ', ;:
.,

:t&l;,~&=>~ 13isagpravsd
18 months

LTaCHAU, Albert, 5 Yems 5 Yema

S W I C m , Ludwig 2 yeas 2 years

ZX33I3, SO~L- e'riedrfeh Acquitted

WSKheSm

E O W a m I C Z , Werner . 1 year 1 year

18 months

bath Death

2 yews
kquf tted
Rc yews 4 years
5 2fe-s T yems
a yeax b yeas
13 Y~EWS 13 yaaxs

Borng Rr, IJi s;".?lrn

E C m , Lt, Paul.
m m m m , L%,
Bern3mrd.t
2 yeass 2 years
18 mnth 18 months
6 months 6 months
Aequit%ed
1yea 1 year
&quit%ed
*.
L4,0,1'c~
Death

Acquitted
90 years
Acq.ri5t.eed

-.CASE 30, TRIAL1 DME
P E R P E 2 a T B

12-180% gSep46 COSDUm, K m l Go

%2-1812 17 J m 47 PETTEs &I& Death Life

Pmm, O t t o Life 20 years

18 Oat 46 JtT-$ ~ie@ri;d Life 30 yems

Death
?&at h

2bF Jan 46 HIRS~HEIWUU,Walter Life

rnrnIOR, $0- Lift3

13 Dec 46 W G , Wf -elm Lif t

3
UCrnTS, Ot;%o 10 y e m e
I4uLcm, Rkr11 10 y s m a

l4KlXE3, T>~dwfg 15 yeam

EmGm, Odk70 20 years

WXn, ALberL A u g w t 25 Y ~ = S

15 k t 46 MERZ, Ludxig Death 5 yaas

MIEZ, .-7iln Dsa%h Life

LS.2 TJif o

2 8 10 A p r 11.6 ICEBKE, K9x-b 5 yeEl2-s 5 years

Srxm"m>%o
?,
12 y@ms a2 pars

22-1866 8 Apr k7 I,Lfs Disapproved

Death 25 oars

Life Eifs

2 year, 6 moaa fine ' ,

lOOOM re?nlt's%d

Acquitted

Death bat,h
 kquf %+,ad
2 months
P year

A3x!mm, we.lheam 15 yesrs

=.,
Gaorg 15 years
EICEEL, Bana Death
PAY, Bernard 5 y@ma'
m,Arthur. Baa3
GIRKE, Wf';z Dea*4h
fC Y Jm W ,Wiahelm Aeqnftted
GOSS, %vfn m*ll Dsa%h
HAMMmlky maipp 15
15 years
BXUXHBROICH, ]Be- neath Death
HCEEIXR, Milhelm Death
Life

KIWTT, " Joseph GTobm ha%h Death

IMSAK, ~ ~ f n s 3 Yema .3 yeme
MI-Y, Hef nrfch DebsIt;h ,
Life
M O U E R , Hermum math Life
D a AHRGNQ,P a 1 5 YR='S 5 ygrPr'3
RAAF, Miehml Death Death

s m , mt.0 4 yeerrs 4 yewe

m k - , Earl &w Death Daath
SJ'ROOJ?, Jmgen IbeLth DeaCh
TCR,-" Bhrm &ath mgi. ::

SPO-, X Q U George B a t h
ZIEDUECsW&f er J ~ s e p hDeath
29 47 - EIEWJYSj Ad033 B!!.lU~
,D8t~%h
we, X~E%WW 5
Cm-, ~ % D h w Dea-bh
FAFm, H - 5 ~833%
$;ARC*EBR, V i 3 6 h Bath-
m P , U%dor Death
nm,-H ~wdelizllk&h
I l!4ma&$mold? w e
m a o3hu-t 2mqui%ted
RAtfms, 20 P W 8
Rt3mActm, Emf3 3 *=-s

E544BIDEt, d m Death

j4.
mtww
' Heb%a%r W@
lfJaLamO
Rranz 20 yemra

l h munth63
3A MW-k7
p
.,
&Wd8 Gear8 W b m t . 9 1 par 1 year
-, La- K' *@as 4 p9-
28 patxi
 \

As A ? P R m
BYI3lmmmG
EmmXRmo~s' sl@rl~~lcEs m a m a
mn, C a r l 1 yeax
RgmfEJCZER* man2 1 ye=' 3 ye=
RWEE3, Alfred 1 year 1 year

S m , P d Wllheln Acquitted

m,
He-ieh 10 p a r e 10 ye-
EllmxmG, Otto P a d 3 YWf4 3se-s .
=
v-,
, .Gem
WIU31m
Life
10 yetars
Llf@
a0 years

Ir-22!36 & 18 Jl;m 46

5-66
l.2-2261. 16 m y 46 ZABIEH, Matthiae
' 15 years Diesppmmd
(- d-2270 22 Oat 46 mm-, 1preni 18 m a n t h e 18 -%her
KLUS, Peter 2 yea;ra 2 ,~wmrs
SCENEIPW, Peter y~:.:,.: 2 -;,
i:,;
blOU, Albert 2'r muat;he 22 mathe
ZIMMER, Jskob 8 m.mths 8 months
Death lbath
bath &ath

_ -"3
a
6 Jan 47 B.m~,lbk1 10 3Wrn6 10 y@aXs
12-2337 30 J m 47 Rlman, Alwh h a th math

SCHLICIWIT, Emln gar1 7 years

aetJ3rid.l
l2-2404 17 Oct k7 ECgSTEIdl, Georg Death . DeJ I:.

m AM EI
ER, ErPst Death &at h
STIM:GEX, Fritz Life Lee,
S.l!URM, Jobmn Death Death
TDB%EEWE, Triedrich Acquitted

12-2409 22 Sep 47
NIlEEUX8, Albert W e Idf@

Death Death
Death Death
Death Life

BACKO Peter Death Death

 a g ~ b q 4 7 X=,JO- ~ ~ ~ ~ i t t i j d
ma-8 ' - Death ha-&
Q T O ~
m,4@= ,b q a t t e a
m - 8 ~ i f m Life
mbo3- . .
1m86~1&~~,
'MBS ha*h Life
'c)laEmW*w 10 yems Bisapp-wed
E T ~ J ~ R Rbat*-
, k~pi**~a
RucmKWg ~tark~ 7 Meapgrovsd
-8 mat3 IJf@ Llire

3 J& 47 , 13im5mEH1DUf U e 10 pma. , L~,J.BB

&ax &Ian0
43mY?f'iiiaT, -8%h - &&%It
,
He%mrfeh
lIlalmm, Joe&
10 w
Aaquft%ed:
e 10 yeere
pdK!3R, P"rf@dsfsh 10 p q ~ 10 years

12-3121 rm AW 47 wiwh
m8
g&h6) IuulER, B b l i r
neath
 CASE HO. TRIAL DATE EEEEEIRATCIRS i3ktEJmcES

10 Oat 47 ' BXWW'l, Georg 2 years

BAUMW, H e i p r i o h Death
B u m , *ane 10 yeaxa
m,r n m e F t Death
-, Osvald Death
HAMMER, Albert Deatlh
W S , Kurt Death
lllmhma, Klml 3 Ye=s
Hllzcmm9 Otto Death
l3tGxmm, Ala&ese bath
SCEUUE, Rlohard ' Death

Aoqdtted
25 yesre
Life
Acquitted
3 Yews
14 Apr 47 COlVRAb, Oewald 20 yeme 20 yeQ;re
. lllEGER, K& Life Life
F3lLRaIICR, Wald- Life Life
HAUENSCHILD, Harry 20 yeare 20 yearE9
34uaTa3,' Erioh 20 yema 20 yemar
Sm-, -1 Life Life
sCEOEERTo A-t 20 years 20 yesre

12-325 16May47 SitOLZ, Otto Hermrrrm Death Death

om- 2'7 Aug 4'7 HIXI~WZI, w i b h ~cpulttea
PATmAI9- POSPL, Josef Acquitted
2

(. OOQ- 3 Wov 47 JACKOBS, Ernat Emil 15 years 15 yeaxe

BucEEl!lwALD-
3
000- 17 Sep 47 HOIWMATloAUred Aadreas 5 yeera 5 years
331J-M9
4

000- 15 Sep 47 MUEWER, Joeef Death Life

3JJBRWD-
.. .A-5.
, .;"

000- 24 Oct 47 BIZME, Helm Death i; yews

,
BTJ(3xENuALD-
1
7
221

2 ..-
 OC4t 47 m E , HeSlgt.Jlah Death
.*

6 HW BC a BIIEn%o -%a ' , . 10 h a r e

mxxp Y W e l e 10 pars
28 Oat 47 I&lmmma, Blfw a 7p e a

13 oC,% b3 JxmEmwmO~~ Death

Q 6 8 - ~ A Z D - , 20 I o v &7 WT7;=, A5517 _k$ y@W8 k* YOWe

%o
K@-~- 19 No8 47 SCJEWM, J o s e L%fe Disapproved
$1
 000-~0mh-50 3 Dw 47 EEEGEl, Werner
U fe
AUred

mmm, HeImuth
Acquitted
E'riedrloh

, Toeef
ERE~TSIZR, 15 years
DITI'HL~U, H .rst Llfe
HIX;BERGER, WSagand 20 years

M O ECm , .&rbert 20 years

-000-MmU-1 x 47
14 A -, Max U fe I 20 yeare,
~IXGLbTAGZER,h % o nDeath Life
OOC-Urn-2 18 Sep 47 SCHNLfD, &baati- W e '20 pars

OOE-P-Gl l2 Jwz 47 -, Gear6 Acquitted

900-F-2 13 J u 47
~ WODAICO We~lzel W~lth bath

C
; s%
t -FIn-7 19 Sep 47 S-$R,Rudolf Death Death
OOC-F-8 13 &t 47 BRiWER, Joaef Death math
000-P-G-10 21 Oct k7 AlrEEWD, Maz bath Life
OQ9-11 29 bt 47 GOIJNAW: Fe :.;.,- Death Death

ooo-m-12 a3 n~ 47 -mum, EW~ hqdtt~d

O f 2 0 - F ~ ~ = - L 35 Oct 47 STRAW, Jullw Bath Dearth

W-P"-16 29 Oct h7 U;PGZ, Friedrich Aeqnltted

Christian

c;s0-~-~8 29 ~ c 47t Z
,- W~IL ~eath lkie~th

000---I 2 Apr 47 Em, Xduard

Life LUs
OW4
- 19 May 47 BLOY,C4&raterv Herrrmrn Life Life
@ole
OW
4-- 22 Apr 47 MMASCHKE, h o l d Dearth Dieapprolr@d
CAS'P, NO, TRf&
_-=--
WE1 A QR9
._ sB?T-~~!E~~S
----
c=--===-

OOO-M?F:BA~,=lB 24 Apr 47 Wfah@h 30 years 18 years

Bath

Blixmm, *it2 bath .

Emz, Pe%m mf'e Lzt'S
BcllnTam, 3Pranz magh &a%h
rlEGELW, lh-f$z De&h 10 yeas0
,-XE Dga%h mth
,-eB BIaw Ilftr& Dl-, Nath w e
B X ~ Joha9p ~ Death , Death
%p%%at
3-imaaSDAnton Death %'9+,h
X m E K O SyBvester Death 1; 7 W 8

Fm-, mtcr bath 3eaCh

mtla'm, fib222 10 yeaxe 10 p a r a

,-H YrPtz ' Dea%B Death

w
e

JAROIoAe, Jose& Death Bath

$IsJohann Deakh math

JaERI?, Si.lacm. Dmth Death

KIEBCH, doham Deetth Death -

XBOKL~ a ~ i s t d Death rba%h

ERAHER, AUkedl ha%h Death-

Uc\f'.:.!XA,
Water
GT Death Death

1
-,
LmMa,
&

Arm
LO p&s
Dsath
LO y e a r s

Death
4
 As BPPROl?ED
BY-

CASE IJO, TRIAL W E BUTHCIRny

MILBL, Emil Erwin Death
3.0 yews
MOI;Td, Otto Death WatB
,-JE Eggelber bath bath
PUHR, FridoUrr. Death
20 part3
RElXiITZ, Miuhael Death Dasath
l'riedrieh hath Dea%h
S a m , Xlaw Bath , Death
S C H m , Johann 10 year8 5 ' yeers
SCHQlW2L, Vinzenz bath Ba$h .
s-, Otto Death 22 ~ S W B
SBTSS, Joeef Death Ilis&h
mL'!rROP, Rudou Dearth
Death

TRUPBL, WlZ.he~la Death ba@h

m,p1.rmz Death
DsarBh
W B , Uillleh Deat,h math
u3EIss, xarbio, Death
Death

l?Jmrm, WffiellR bath h a th

mzEL, Frfsdrioh bath 10 p a r e
,-w winebm hath 20 y@azs
OLJ-50-2-1 18 Oot 46 ADAMI, gar1 6 mon-bbs
BAETrn, A d o E 6 m%b
BAYJm, F ~ Q P Z 6 mntb
INmsCH, Jo-f" 3 pars
DEPmm, hilreapl 6 moathe
-3 30 m%her
,-s ktan Dfe a p ~ m d
SCHOIE, Alfred 2 pare
BARZEW, Job-
-$ berg
BfBIIW, Jcmef
BIEI.2, J ~ h a
BERHEEIII, Joe&
LALEER, F r a u
RPXHESIEE(, Paul H
-
f31mmsm9Ewbert
-9- 3 Yeare

BINDER, Marbin 3 P=e

DBKIXE, d&ob 4s ydara
GARmI, F r w 3 ye=e
GIZRLING# Johana 4 years
J m , Otto 5 Yema
BH;t;lER, I1Prumz 3 yeme
o m , HilhelPs Acquitted
-CABE
=-.-.- B'C a
~ ~ r t ; ~ ?-2-4
:,
g-.&&JEE --
,m
24 mt &6 x m ~ ~ m

0-
~ b, o w
=Tm
i
;Dm-,
Mfohael
I3EuE2, J0etdb;tD
H w m E i Joslef
. -

s
l
a"

18
EEBi
m
M Mmm
BY EWIEi?perS
Am-
18 plr#atha
f!,.~ltol~theD1sapps:o~~b
2 pare
2 yearre
2 yewe
2 para
2 yam
2 gears
.
, - .

JE3[9Et doerof' 18 mathe

18 wths
18 ~~
28 -the
,

&ma9kclbar
l&mL4mP 118 maatha 18 month '

m~qo-2-5
m.

, % . ,

n 00% 46 4

-
OW-gQl-2-6 JOB& 2 yesre 29- ,

m,V Q U & per8 25 &he

l!xm~$ma e pms y~)s;far
liEm%J

l; m 2 Y@m 2 yewe
wO . m p l r a 2 pare 2 ma=
a m , 2 pm13 2
-, wiw 10
-6
18 mntb

00% 46
-..
I

~~5QPg9-7 q BQS~
xtad.oW r 5~49-a 3
A@% kqatt@d
t ixX!aZo Gb)mg T Y@-8 5 -6 ,
@ R m d R s m bquAt%ed
2 YeJ@am 2 pare
hqatha
2 pare 2 P-
/ '
ABqU2tttad
18 ~ & b1.8 d h e
18 ~ r & a % b 18 -the
hg?,l%%t@d
J=lRmnm, MOW bqn%.h..tsd
cul!wxwPmto 18 -the 18 &he
G?~m%m,

fib-
18 m%b18 nbon%b
ow-go-e;g ECHCWPC$
BEUK, $r- AOQU~B~~L
mm, EaaMl 2 yeerrs 2 y@am
EREGE, a o e e Pase 2 yeasm
a m b o ma-x AGqnit%ed
oh-
l!l~~m~ , A~gd$tea
arb
2arceasa 2 y@m
%%@fan 2 Mssrpgormd
mm DR- 2 pass 2-
CASE NO. TRIAL W E I?EWm!WORS
000-50-2-10 30 oct 46 23mwXR, WiLheh 18 months 18 months
GIGEURDT, Robert 18 months 18 months
cT?uEINER, Josef 18 mon-khs 18 months
W S r n H , Otto 18 months I8 months
ICIRSCHRAIJM, Wendel 18 months 18 a o n t h ~
KORFF, Alfred Rudolf 18 months Dls approved
UEIJTmm, Hugo 18 months Disapproved

,
GOMBIlOTO Josef 2 yeaxi?
HAmm, Auto?& years
JAUCH, Michael Acquit+,ed
W Z I A N , GBorg 2 years 2 yeaxs
KOBELg J o ~ e - ~ 3 Yema 3 Y@='S
THOI~L~;T;L:::, es osef Acquitted
L X k 2 i j $r&fiErich 2 years

MUELWER, Andreas 20 months 20 raonthu

MUE-> Otto K a s l 2 years 2 years
PMZER, Reinhold 2 years 2 years
P E Z W U ~ ,Georg 2 yeas 2 yeaxs
ROHMER, WiUelm
SCHROEFL, H e m
XOTTMAIPI, Ludwig
Acquitted
15 years
q pars
* yeaxs
18 yems
SCHCJSTE;Tm, Franz 12 years 12 years '

FRAEKZL, Emst 19 months 19 months

NA-E!, Gustav 2 yews 2 years
OBERMErn, WiLheh 2 yema 2 yf?lxs
PENZEL, K u r t 21 mm%hs 2b months
SfXfi?L'TEI;E, Jacob 2 years 2 years
S(XIJUR, Rrisdrich Acquitted

S W m Z , Stefan 3 Yeas .3 years

SELZER, Walter 2 yews 2 yews
-
AU, Jacob
ELGEKI, Gustav
2$ y@ms
18 months
* years
2.8 months
FLORIAN, Georg 18 mon-hhs 18 month
HLAWATY, m 1 2 yeas 2 $ems
H uEC m , Robert 2 years 2 years
NEUFE%RT, Johann 18 months 18 months
lJBBX3DZIG, August 2 years 2 yeaxs

000-50-2-15 14 Nov 46 HELEER, J o h m Albin Acquitt,ad

EIXFZHA, W i l l y . - 8 years 8 yeaxs
HUH., Mathim 9 yeas 2 yeas
ISERLIS, Boris / .
:
; -!3ms
,: 8 years
ICP;RLSL7ETTERJ Georg ~o'iuti et d
m Z L , Josef 3 Y@=a D l sapproved
LA.IJX, W i l h e h 5 Yeas 2$ yeaxs
 . L I

2 yeat3 '2 years

2 years 2 years
A~gat;*~a
18 months

2 ;paSara
18 mmth43
hquitt;sd
-..
I

20 y@ms
20 y e m a

2 ysae
~qxL~%lbsd
2& y@ms
2 yewe

3 PY;
.k~.kJ+Jha

2 yeme
2 pax8
2pwe
a13 ~ B $ B ~ % ~ B
18 m m k h ~
18 nbn%.ha
2 psce

~ q ~ * t s d
2 yeare

*
2# y@p.El
pare
2 ymre
2 para
2 +?dm

2 pars
hgu%%%ed
2 r@mB
2 y@wa
2 y@.W8
2 ys*s '

21 mn%Sas

25 ye%ra
rnat3.l
I%at%
15 years

bath
CASE NO, TRIAL DATE . PERPEL'RATORS
SEXCEZVCXS AUTHORITY

Life if e
000-50-2-25 11 Dec 46 WE=, Anton
18 years 16 yeass

WOE?, Josef
20 yeaxs 20 years

000-50-2-26 'j Dec 46 BED3iXS2 B l , : ~ A t ugust 2 years

BWCFISCmIIIII Albert 2 yeas
BOSCIFI, Josef 2 yeaxs
GAIL, Yart i n 2 years
G R A S S B ,, Stefan 3 T T 4 r n 9
CJ

HACK, J o b m 2 years
H I N D , Rudolf years
HUED?, Joseph 2 yeaxs
JEIIIlWiK9 Fdaeoij Z$ yeaxs
JmG, Alfred
000-50-2-27 9 Dee 46 131DTNECa3 F m i n Acquitted
.-I Aaolf Acquitted
rind, Joaef Acquit , .
bATiDMLJ3, Friedrfch 20 months Lj: months
LAPOS, Josef 2 years 2 years
UICEt, Ot%o 2 yews 2 years

OOQ-3O-22--28 3.0 b c 4.6 FLEISCHE3, Stefan

20 months 20 months
KEINRICH, Reinhold
Acquitted
BeAhold
MAGHOLD, Willy Ac qui$t '7:I
MAERZWEIL;ER, Jakob 2 yews 2 years
M m . Jesef Acquitted
MAREIN; Anton 2 yeass 2 yems
~~, Walter Otto 20 months Disapproved
ME?ZIRGER, J021ann 18 months 18 months
MITHEIS2 Ma%hias 2 years 2 yews

000-50-5 22 17 Dec 46 MOELJXR, Waldemar 20 months Disaypr ove d

NALEPINSKI, &'trLn A~quStgt~d
NEVGEBORIJ, F r i e d r i c h 20 months 20 months
-, Ot.to 21 months 21 months
N m A
lN N, Alois Acqu-itt e d
N O W , Alfred 21 months 2 1 months
OELZE, Otto 20 months 20 months
t: _'ED,RZehard 21 mont,hs 21 months
PX15, O~wald.E , Acquiti;ed

000-50-2-30 11Dec 46 IJOSSEK, Alois Josef Z$years years

PFATLER,' Josef 21 months 2 1 mon%h$
PflILnP, J1'3hEl3Jl 2 1 months 21 months
PIC-, Adobf 2$ yeaxs 2$ y s m s
P2X'TER, Michael 21 months 21 months
PWNX>Alfred 21 months 21 months
P
' RmSWmm, Johannes years 2$ yeass
FUKCEICE, Paul. Alfred 21 months 21 months
SCHUU, Erwin AUred 2 1 monkhs 21. months
229
CASE NO, TRIAL DATE PWEZ'RATORS
000-50-2-37 20 Dec 46 SCHMIIX, Walter 2 years ' 2 years
SCHWESIG, Johann 20 months 20 months
STRAUBINGER, August 21 months 21 months
STRAUSS, WiUelm 21 montha Disapproved
THEISSL, Friedrich 2 yeaxe 2 yeas
,-T Michael 21 months 21 month
T IRSCHEL, Ludwig 22 months 22 months

BEsm, -1 3 yema 2$ years

DIEEHEI, Xawr 9 montha 9 months
EBERf, Gustav 21 months 21 months
FRomm, Hemnazln
HEGGER, Max
3 ye='s
22 years
3 yeaxa
& years
BEmm, Georg 21 months 21 months
BEIN, Leo 21 months 21 months
IXXiICSEK, Alfred 21 months 21 months

OREND, Friedrich . 2 years 2 yemE ?,

PANXE, Julius 2 years 2 $ems
RmH, b o r g 2 years 2 years
mTSSEIll, Ilay.1 20 months 20 monthEl
SCHMEIDL, Franz 2 years 2 years
S C E R E ~ ,Franz 20 months 20 montha
S P ~ ~ Martin
G , 2 yaaxs 2 years

2 years 2 years
23 months 23 montha
20 months 20 months
2 years 2 years
20 months 20 months
22 montha 22 months
23 montha 23 months
2 yews 2 years
21 montha 21 months

mcwm, Hem 20 months 20 months

EECK, W t l o b 20 months 20 months
van.-, Georg 2$ yeaxs & years
HOFFMWBJ, kddt,er 2 yews 2 yews
HOREEL, K w t Gustav 20 months 20 months
rnTMANN? Otto 20 months 20 months
Z ~ Friedrich~ 2 yems
, 2 yema

ZISCH, Hezmami Death

12 years
000-50-2-44 10 Jan 47 BDRKAET, Josef' Acquitt e 1
DOEMlER, Franz Acquitted
E I m G E R , Thomaa Acquitted
GANGEL, K a r l Acquitted
S m S , Amold Acquitted
231
 AS APPROVED
BY EEVlEWING
CASE ~ 0 , TRIALDATE I?zRE'mRATm E3mCENCES AZRfHORlTY

000-50-2-464 Jan 47 CARL, Ludwig Phf l i p

DAUB, ~ o b e r H
DJERIH, Alexander
t U~O
Acquitted
& pax&
6 yeass
+ yems
4 yeas
m I P I , Josef ' Acquit-tied
FBCHBACH, Helnrioh . Acquit+,ed
imIEEP, $ o h m ' Acquitted
HE?JKEL, ~ r i e d r i c h 3 years 3 Yews
mMM, manz 20 moatha Disapproved
000-50-2-47 10 Jan 47 G I X E B X ~ ,Josef Acquitted
IxAxm, Max Acquitted
HEU?F, WSUelm Acquitted
JOKEWEZ, E d w d Acquitted
JOSIGER, W i l l i Acquitted
P3lEWZR, Robert Acquitted
K W , Anton Acquitted
Wilheh
3EIEUT;ER, Acquitted
IOXK, Johanaes Acqcttted

000-50-2-48 8 Jm 47 m G E, ICm 21. months 21 months .

KfXBER, Jakob '20 months 20 monkha
MATT.EKOWESCH, Peter 20 months 20 mmths
. NlDIEEZ, Friedrich 21 months 21 months
PP,ITL, Frmz 21 months 21 months
mTEIF6imj WiLbelm 21 months 21 months
SCHEBESCH, Ewald 20 months 20 months
SEECZ, Xaver 21 months 21 months
&-50-2-49 9 Jan b7 FOREPER, Vdell.&in 21 montb 21 months
NAZEL, Gustav 21 rnontu 21 months
HEIEXlUET, Xaver 22 m~nthe 22 montlas
S m m , Oskax 21 month 21months
E E E m , Wilhelm 21 months 21 months '

WACHlB, Erish 21 months 21 months

. . WAL3!ER, Wllhelm 30 months 30 months
wElJXR, &ie&ich 21 month8 21 months
000-50-2-50 15 Jan 47 BOOS, Robert &%on . 30 months 30 m a t h a
BUECHfd, Albert . 21 months 2 1 mmtha
BUSCH, Miohas1 6 months 6 months
DYE&, Walter Josef Acquitted

000-50-2-51 13 $89 47 W39dWs Ferdinand 21 mor 5hs 21 months

-, AdoU 30 months 30 m a h s
KOIQQRIIH, DazlleL 21 wntb 21 months
I
000-30-2-52 14 J a 47 ' SC htan 20 months 20 xqaths
S m y & Acquitted
STRAUSS,mt . 20 months. 20 months
m m , Eermann Acquitted
232
 AS AFTROVED
EY REVIEWING
CASE NO, TRIAL M E PERPETRATORS sENTnVCES AUTHORnY

OOQ-50-2-53 20 J m 47 KUWER, Gottfried Adam 20 years 20 years

21 Jan 47 KOCE, Stefan Acquitted

IaJlmnm, rnl A u g u s t Acquitted
Kum, Johauzl Acquitted
LOmRMAmR, Frmz Acquitter?
Emf1
MARI(S, Acquitted
m, ErmElt Acquitted

bO Feb 47 HESKE, F r i t z

P m , Johm

000-50-2-58 25 ~ e 4b7 &IOU?, ~ o h z ~ n n Acquitted

008-50-2-39 9 Apr 47 HERRLOSS; Otto Acquitted

000-50-2-60 bl Mar 47 EREE, Joseph Peter 10 years 10 yeass

S-Z, Karl. 10 yeass 10 yeara

000-50-2-61 7 MEW 47 C-GD Bsrma~m 3 yeaxs 3 yems

HOS-, Richard 3 years 3 yews
000-50-2-62 6 &W 43 P ~ ~ i l l~f , Death - Death
P J I Z E ~Wt
, Wdhr 2 yeme 2 years
JOREWlTZ, J o s ~ f Life Life
U p g m , Alberb AcquZtted
S m , l&xr-tfle Death Death
000-50-2-63 3 Fab 47 DEXJYSCH, Ludxig 5 years 5 yeetra
~ R O E S Herbert
~ ~ 10, yeam 10 yema

ooo-50-2-a 5 ~ e 47
b DEER, ~ i f e L U ~

000-50-82-65 U Feb 47 DEFFlEX, kwg 3 yema 3 years

00~-50-2-66 26 Feb 47 BB?,
korg 10 yeaxs 2 years
ICUSIIiZMiUN, Magnw Lif'e 20 y e a s
S W S m G W , Friedrich Life 30 yeam
6
000-50-2-67 24 Ma;r 47 H=, Omdd 2 yema 2 yeass
REXJTER, Ernat 3 yema 3 jieass
l3ri"Im,Z d g a 7 yems 5 yeam
m T , Hafnrf ch 5 years
b 13. years

000-50-2-68 5 MEC 47 ~~, Jo~ef 3 PaJrS 3 70-a

H r n . r n s W , JOBef 14 months 14 months
HOIZKLEBT, Otto Heinrich 3$ yema 34 years
q
~ O W S E I 1 6 , BFMO
RAUSCE, K a r l Christian
Bmm, H e m
+
years
years
2 yems
*q years
years
2 years
 < 1

AS APPRom
BY RE'VIEWIXG
CASE NO. TRIAL DATZ P E R P ~ ~ O R S SEN'J3NCES AUI'HORITY

000-50-2-69 3 w 47 UEIXZHCEFP~,
~ u l i

us ~ i f e Life
000-50-2-70 3 Mar 47 XREBERB Mathia Joaef 11 yeaxa 11 yeass

Peter

KUUIIC, Johann (also 5 years 5 Yema

' l a a m as KEasSF;, ~ o h a m )

ooc-50-2-72 1.7MIW 47 EKEEB, 2 years 2 years

MUELLZZ, Augnst 10 yema LO years
Frisdrieh
SCECESSL, Georg Acquitted
WUEU%EV, Bans 5 Years, 2$ yems

000-50-2-73 6 Mar 47 ~~,(Jlssef . Death Death

HAEUSSLEZ3, Joaef 3 Yema 3 P=-a

PIGHbjlER, RUdoU 2 year0 2 yews
MI-, Otto ICarl 2 yeasa 2 yeaxs

EECm, Wflhelm Ilarl Acquitted

EIm, Anton 5 Yewe
RUHKEE, August Richard Death

BRTJHOW, Branz 5 Yews

m m , ~ u d Wetlter
o ~ 8 yews
&ieh
iXZUAL, Albert 10 years

OQO-5a-2-78 28 W 47 ATEWEB, JOB& Death Death

Q
~ ~May
~ Q ) - ~ 0 - 2 - 13 47 SOEZEBV, Engelbed Life Life

000-50-2-83 5 May 47 EEXRX, Jon 4 years 2 yeaxs

ICWOCHE, Oskar 4 yeaxs 2 years

000-50-2-84 g my 47 GREIL, w ~ h ~ l 4 years 4 yeass

HAIST, C h r i s t i a n 5 Yews 5 Ye=s
m @ H E N , Bermenul 3 Yews 3
HOImRBAm, Karl 3,w- 2$ years
JAEDSCH, Bruro 22 Yeass % $ems
Death Life
 AS APPROVED
BY Rl'nmwING
CASE NO, TRIAL W E
.-

PROESCHL, Franz
BRADIm, Fritz

Fmm, Nikolaue 5 yea3.a 5 Yeme

EtlPm, Karl 3 Yews 3 Ye=s
m-, Meur 6 years 6 years
MUELI;ER, Josef 3 Ye=s 3 Yema
REJcH2 Kurt 3 Yeass 3 Yeas
Acquitted

FXZG, Christian 5 yems 5 years

~ Z Wilhelm
~ , 10 years 10 yema
EkSEEES: Nikolaus Death Death
KRECE, Stsfan Death Death

000-50-2-91 29 May 47 MEXER, Leonhasd Lif'e Life

W E , Nikolaus 3 years 3 years

,-S Joha~~les 5 yeas 5 yeaxs

BERDII,, 20 yems 20 yews

JUTL'KOU, d o h a 3 yews 3 yeaxs

=EB, RubW 3 years 3 yema
M-UmimXW,-Uois 6 yeaxs 6 yeas
S T O U , At?- ..?atWi3,helm 4 years 4 yeas
Bmm, Anton Death Dieapproved

ECQEM, F"rmz 5 yeam 5 yeass

mm, Kmt 20 years 5 yeaxe
LOBZENSIlg, Georg 10 years 5 yeaxs
13J31SS3 J0har.m 5 yesrEl 5 yet5xs
s m , h*sw 20 yema 10 years
WIOKLEgQ, Ernest 10 yeare 5 yews
W O ~ ~ Julius
X , 5 Yema 5 yeass
mm, WilhelrIl 5 years 3 yeass
MOWEL, Albert Rudolf 11 years 5 yeaxs
MORITZ, Wi2heI.m Acquitted
Mom, Ham3 15 yeara 10 yems
PABSITZ, JuEiua 15 3 yems
CASE no. TRIAL W E PJGPETRATORS

oontinued S@HNEUXER,mitz 10 p a r e
S(XlBXCER, Hubert 5 Years
SENGENBEGEZ, Haorr Nikol 5 Yeas
SrnTE, H&qu 5 Yeme
17Jun47 -,Am%
26 months 26 months ~

KRAUS, Alfred
15 years 15 yea'ss
y m m q K a r l Ham
5 Years 5 ye&Irs ..

9 S ~ 47
P KAEEIPER, Johann
Ltte
I D T ~ O R S T , Josef
3 yema
Gerhmd
MURLASCHDZ, Johann 10 years

11 Dec 47 BRA!XTEL, Rudolf

Aoquitted
AMbsrt

zm-, K8xl Acquitted

31 J u l 47 IJlTWWN, Kaxl A u g w t Life Life

,-S Rudolf 28 months 28 months

000-50-2-105 22 Aug 47 S'TUTZ Z . * m , Theodore Llfe Life

10 years 10 pars
Acquitted

IELIXR, Christian Georg Acquitted

,s- Otto Acquitted

20 years . 20 years

BE RS m I
B , J0ham-m~ 15 years 15 yews
mix, b9flhelm 15 PEWS 15 yema
BCSCE, Jakob Peter Aoquitted
rmEsomsm, Iww 5 Yema 5 Pars
m-, Emil 5 years 5 years
IZXKER, Hewich 5 Pars 5 Yeas
P m m , Fra.nz 1 15 yeme 15 years
S-GEL, Franz Acquitted

00Q-50-2-U0 15 Sep 47 lBlbBLE, Joeef Death Death

000-30-2-~1a 26 J U ~47 m ~ s m ,~ o t t l o b 5 yeam Disapproved

000-50-2-112 15 J u l 47 Em-, Johan~
Life Life

NEUBm, Frapz
Life Lffe
RIENEt, Josef
Acquitted
suEsS, wiaelnl
15 yeme 15 years
T w , Johm
4 yeaxs 4 yeaxs
UNRECEF, JaseR
Life Life
V W L , Miehaal
Life Life
> AS APPROVED
BY REXUWING
CASE NO, TRIAL PERPETRATORS SENTENCES AWHORITY

KOENIG, J O ~ = ~ i f e 25 y e a s
EDIjZ, Rr'f 20 yeaxe 20 yeme
P A m S , ~ Y ' L ~ B H~ Pe r m a n
5 yews 5 yews
S m , Artur 20 yeaxs 5 years
S ~ K a r l Heinrlch
~ Life
, Life

AI339glH, Ludw3g 10 y e u s 13 y e a s
BFRGER, Josef Acquitted
JEEG, Wifielm 4 years 4 yeaxs
PABL, Robert Acquitted
,-S ~udwig 6 yews 6 years
BECK, Heinrich 3 yews 3 yems
HUPFER, Stefan Acquitted
~~, Wendelin Acquitted

ESIEL;ENZ, Frm Death Death

~ H M R X , Ebxlstl Life Life

OOO-50-2-l2O 18 Aug 47 CETER2 Peter Death Life
000-50-2-121 23 Sep 47 S
C
H
-
, Georg Death Death
13 May 46 ALTBLDZSCH, Hans Death Death
EURCZPLY Stefan Death Death
BlXJX#&I:. K a r l Death Life
BI;EI, ~ u ( j w t bath Death

B R ' m I N G , Wf1U Death Death

C-Y, M i ~11;: :1 Life Life
DIEEa, Hma Death Death
DCERR, L u d ~ ~ l g Death Life
ARABEK, 0ti;o Death Death
ECKEE, Wilu Death Death
EI(BK!3ER, August Death Death
E ~ Heinrich ~ Death ~ Death ,
RlTXESS, Fsiedrich Dsath Death
FIEGL, h d ~ d f b Death Death
FESCHOK3 Heinrich Death Death
FmY, W I l Q Death Death
G D E Z , Heinrich Death Life
GOESSL, Georg Death Death

GBAHN, Werrmer Death Death

G R ~ M M~~o & m n e s Death Death
GRZPBOWSIII:, Ewbert Deatb. LUe
GUETZLAFE1, PE~.:. Life Life
HAEGER, HebXt?lbrr Death Death
 As aPPROVED
BY
CASF NOei TRIAL DATE F3BPETRATO~ SENTmcEs AUTHORITY
000-50-5 c~ntihaed H EGEWm m , Hans Death Dea+h
HEI'aaL, wiuelm Death Death
HO,- Walter Death Life
HUBER, Branz Death Death
JOBST, Willy Death Death
KAI$ER, Paul Death Death
u . , Anton Death Death
KAEPIlY, Franz Death Death
ICEILwnz, K w t Dedh Death
KLIMOWJTSCH, -par Death Death
BBEBBAC3, Eduard Death Death
KORGER, Viktor Death Life
KREINDL, Gtmtav Death Death
WPERl?, Ferdinand Death Life
IEEB, Josef Death Death
WDOU', Julius Death Death
M A C E Wifielm Deatl ' Life
%-FJosef c Life Life
IUESSNW, Etrich Death Death
-,
I
vR JEL m
Enlj.1
, WiUelm
Death
Death
Death
Death
MYHZAK, Rudolf Death Death
NIEDERMAYER, Josef Death 3ath
ROEEL, Vinzenz Dea*h C-3zth
PRlBYldt, Herman Death Path
PRIEPTCJ 30-41 il Death Death
R n C - m , -$os&-, Death
Death
m B A , HLLvk Death Life
SIGbRlJlD, Thomas Death Death
S P m m , Hans Death Death
STRrnEXI, Otto Bath Bath
m-, Xizrl Death Death
T R A . , b9opold Death Deatb
T m , hdreae Death Death
WMICKY, Erf ah
, Death bath
WOEPER, Wa9demar. Death Death
z o m , Vihrtor . Death Death
m m , AdoW Death De&h

000-50-3-1 23 Junk7 B E R ~ ~ , H E u I B Death

DUDZIXSKI, Richard Death
FELSCH, Friedrioh Life
Frn, Ottm 20 yeaxs
- 9 Acquitted
mEe4:.m, Otto Death 20 yeass
m S L , &win 10 years 3
RICWm, AUred LFfe Disapproved
. S C H O ~ K~ a r,l Death Death
SPIEI;BOFER, Josef Life
2 years
SI'RENG, K a r l Death Death
ZINIC, O t t o 10 years 4 years
238
 AS APPROVED
BY mEWJD3
TRIAL DATE l?ExmmaORS Em.rsm& AUrHORITP
IWRA, Ermst Walter Acquitted
HOLLRIEGL, Alois Death Death
XRONER, Johann 20 y e w s 20 yems
InlHmmr, Axred 3years 3years
NI!TSCHIIE, F r i t z 20 years 20 yeaxs
SCllMUTZI;ER, Kmt Death Death
,-s Otto 2 yeme 31 months
7 months
SJmR, Ludwig %ath Died in hospit-a1

GRILL, WiLhelm Death

HlEtWXG, Herbert Death
HEISIG, Alfona Hugo Life
JTJJXG, Johanza Wi1J.y Death
S m T m , Erick Life
TANDIXR, Oskar Bath

Gomz, m p a r Life Life

RTEBTHER, F r i t z I(aJr1 25 yems 25 year8
KOPISCHKE, 0-t;t 0 Life Life
IBEBACHER, Gustav 20 years 20 yeass
&EYER, Ernst Life Life

Acquitted
10 years 10 years

BIVZETBACH, Pa-& 3 Yeas

IBISTIER, Paul 3 Yema
lmm, 3EmS1. 10 yeaxs
m I m , Hans 20 years
Glmm, Max 10 years
KOBICE3, Loth= 15 years
ImEmR, M a
20 years
m . ; Stefan
MEIPI, MeLthaeus 20 y e w s
s m m m , Ot50
WE=, A;.bert 2 yeas
g month

AUERSWALD, Wil1.i bath %ath

FREYEOLtE, E m s 15 yeaxa 15 years
FusrEN, H e ~ ~ l n Bath Life
HJWS, Otto Idtee 10yeass
EIom, K a r l 5 $ems 5 years
KUBDl, Werner Lif e 3 Yema
SCH-, AlPTfn 10 yesss 10 years

FRIMIE, Matthias Death Death

WKAN, Josef 20 years 20 years

239
 A S APPROVED
BY R E V l m m G
CASE NO, SENTENCES
' I

5 .

3 Pars
H E I ~ J gasp=
~, Acquitted
LATSEl, Josef Life 10 yews
oEE::iim,Alois 10 years 10 years
P P A F E ' H ~ ~Christ
~ , oph 10 years 10 years
REICHERT, Ernst Life 12 years
ROEIIW, Rudolf Acquitted
STUMP3r, Heinrich 10 years 10 years
V B , Heinz Mssltin , 3 years 3 Yews
000-50-5-11 1Jul 47 B . t W r n , Andrea~ 3 Years 3 Yews
FITZIVW, Albert 10 yeme 5 yema
HAUSEiECHT, Gert 3 yews 3 Pas
JAn, Michael .,.9years 10 yems
KLJ3J3, Rudolf Gtrstav hath Death
RlX3MWT, Otto Richard 2 years 2 yeas
MOHR, Adolf' 2 years 2 yems

000-50-5-12 11Aug 47 ~OVAZBAZZI, Hans Death Life

NITSZKOWSICI, Richard 10 years 3 Yeas
PAJYHAHS, Alois 20 years l o years
SCXAEFW, Robert 5 Yeas 5 P=s
SCHMrrZ, The0 Death
Death
EVUECZ, Florian 30 p a r s 5 Yews
WAGNER, Heimich Life Life
WEF'EE3, Robert Acquitted
wmm, bopold 10 yews

000-50-5-13 12 Sep 47 HAIlZR, J o h n Life

Life . .
HIRSCH, Rudolph 10 yews 10 yews
Ism, Matbus Acquitted
KISCH, Josef Death bath
FLTLU*;RIIF, Herbert Life
Life
S T E m Z , Martin 7 Years 3 years
mmcm, Daniel 7 Years 2 years
USCHAREWHtSCH, Stefan 7 2 yews

3 sews 3 Yeas
Depth Death
Life Life
2& yews 2& yews
3 ye=s 3 Yems
F m , Paul Life Life
Icomzm, Otto 10 years 10 years

BARNER, Waldemar , 15 years

FIRSCHINC, Fraaz 3 Yeass
GINTERS, Ludwig a yews
HOWITTZ, wiaelm 5 Years
 AS APPROVED
BY REVIEWIMC
CASE NO. TRIAL M E PEKl?EJ!RATORS SEETENC?JS AUTHQRIftY
continued HUB, Emil Acquitted .
m,V i H o r 8 yews 8 years
SOENS, Jacob 5 yeax8 5 yews
lJJB?mm, Willi 3 ye=s, 3 y0-s
BEEWBARIE, Theo Otto 10 yeass 10 years
DOMIS, Johann 3 Years 3 Ye=s
JUNG, Hans Clemew 5 YemS 5 Years
Bmm, E W L 3 Years 3 Yeme
IXIEPSCHER, Heinrich 3 Yems 3 Yews
PURUCRER, R e i n h a r d Death Death
EEWSS, Xaver Life Life
WAGNER, F r i t z 5 re-8 5 Yema
WLOltZKA, Ewdd Dea%h Death
000-50-5-19 26 l'iov 47 KJJBXEZ, Eduard 5 yews 5 years
SCH[m, K a r l 5 years 5 years
000-50-5-20 25 Sep 47 l3UXRGER, Life Life
FlnSGHE, Heinrich Death 5 Yews
KORSE!ZKt, Rene bath Death
SEIDT;, Max Death Death
,zmmlSG, Albert bath Death

000-50-!j-21 9 Sep 47 lEUQllE, O X 3 years 3 yeaxs

GEEBIG, W E Acquitted
ICATm, dosef Acquitted
IcLEmQmHER, Otto Der?la Life
IMT-, Johans. Acquitted
l4!XLUBC!EDS, Stefan 10 years 10 pars
WOHLEm, C21ristian Death Death
000-50-5-22 24 Oct 47 AITTIS, Josef 5 years 5 yem~
RAEEEXVS, Peter Life Life
BLOH, Josnf 30 yews 3 years
DIEKER, A&m Acquitted
I!!SRIGL, K a r l Life Life
GRBtSCH, Johann Acquf t t e d
HEEL, Pb.iXipp 25 yema 3 yews
E3CRSmr-, Eknst 10 years 10 years
MKEG"Ku"Rude-f 25 years 25 years
PUsmZ, Mieha6l Peter 20 yeass 20 yema
REINSDORET, Werner Life Lffe

000-50-5-23 21 Aug 47 BXJEL'~, H e m Heinz 3 years 3 years

FLP6TCHEl, Qairfn Death Death
HEILER, Michael Death Death
KOFR, F r a Death Death
JJlamm, Stvfan Acquitted

2451
t t
 Idf
AS APPROVED
c&..ho :2Y REvlA?m
... 'TRIAL DA!l!E' : Z E 8 P ~ O R S SEEtENCES sPTHCBI3Y
- .
000-50-5-23 continued =, Gustav Death Death
2 para'
RT%IT,ER, Arno Albert 2 years "

I
TEIEIEIANlg, E M 1 Life Lffe

000-50-5-24 5 Aug 47 IWEL, Jmef

BE.CI(, Philipp
B m , Walter
BOBROWSKI, Meuc
D O E R F
m , Oscar Eduard
L o r n Firnst
~ J H ~ W A CEd
~-&
,
VOUXZR, Komad
ZIRMER, Joham
zxxmGm, HeIxIlan

Q00-50-5-25 21 Jul 47 DQKDTGO, F e b z 2 years Diserppr~ved

lSKH-, Moi aes 20 years 20 years
GOlKUGEBS, k d a l e c i o Death Bath
NABAS, Uuriano Life Life
QQQ-50-5-26 9 Sep 47 ART!, E e w m E k ~ i l 8 years 8 yema
000-50-5-27 , FLECK* Karl. Life Llfe
GOEBEL, Remnhard 10 years a0 p a r a
I.clxm, Bap+J%st 6 yeass 6 yews
KLAPEER, J0har-m Iwan Life Life

KO-, Max Life m e

MOGIZ, Biz1 Theodor 4 yeaxe 4 yeaxa
P A T O U , Ieopold Acquitted
l?.!XE.m, m o b Life Life
P m I m , Paul Acquitted
SEIDEL, A R o i s 3 year:
mGm, <ejha;r?sz 3 yea? 3

BQEET, Hana Dea-kh lhath

,
GUXZE, WKLi;er Emst Deatih Life
HAASENGIER, Walter Kurt Death Life
MIEU~ w,i ~ e l m Death Death
I?rie&ich
o m , rn9hur 15 w = s 15 years
~ ~ B AZexm.der
A , 3 3 %Z?' a De&h
SCEUIJZI, h m z G ~ t ~ f r i e d Life e

GAY, EanS% .Andrea Death Death

m,Rudolf Death Death

K K m , E r w b Gemg 20 yeaxe 20 yeaxe
ICA'hfPP, BJiUelm ~eath ' . Death
Pmm, M a c Death Death
saw, Hans W i l l i Death Death
m t
CASE NO, TRIAL IlATE PERPEl2RATORS

000-50-5-30 31 Oct 47 E"ERIVIKORN, B e d a d Life Lire

GUT-GER'Hubert Life Life
Franz
RESlEL, W i l l i Life Lire
~ o 3 . - zi t 2~ ~ ~ 15 ~ 15 years
~ A V S
MOHR, Nikolaus 10 yema 10 yeaxs

12 Bug 47 GLAS, W l Life Life

m c
B m ER , ICurt Death Death
PIIJ.~~~ Franz
, 30 yeaxs 30 ~ ~ W E J
SWPEfEZKY, Anton 5 Yews 5 Yeme
9E2TER, Helmuth Death Death
-
10 Oc% 47 GAEKCmEB, ICarl Life Life
GLAS, Johann 20 years 20 yeass
H0RC4CKA3 K a r l Death Death
SCHROEGI;ER, K a r l Death Death
VOIGHT, Otto Acquitted
WIRTH, Soham 3 Yews
000-50-5-33 17 Sep 47 GGOECKNER, Emil 10 years 10 years
SCHIIXING, Andreas Death Life
S'2EM32Z3 Heinrich 5 yews 5 years
000-50-5-34 27 Oct 47 GOXXRRMlN, Horst . 5 yea3.s 5 years
000-50-5-37 6 Aug 47 ICURBEL, Friedrich Acquitted
RAA;B, Hiltax Acquitted .
000-50-5-38 27 A-a@; 47 FRLSCH, Hubert Llf e Life
MOCBEICHEZ, Josef 20 years 20 years
SCBMm, Josef 20yems 20 y e a s

000-50-5-39 12 Sep 47 SCHII;C,W, J o h m 30 years 30 yeerrs

000-50-5-40 11Sep 47 HOOs, Johann 25 years 25 yeaxe

RICETEE?, Fabian Death Ileath

000-50-5-42 19 Sep 47 FOLEW, Joh- 10 years 10 years

MADLlMAYR, Alois 15 yessa 15
P m , Georg 20 yeass 20 y e a s

000-50-5-43 26 Sep 47 PAVELA, Frau 25 years 25 years

000-50-5-44. 26 Sep 47 TEEMMEL, Paul Death Death

000-50-5-45 7 Oct 47 FUISLiq-IJ2:

bl:arl , Death Death
CASE NO. TRIAL DBE
--=.-PIEiTEt'WOB - ---
SEWXNCES ~;~maw'~

&%%h Lifa
10 p a p a 3 years
&abh ba$B
15 p = a 15
Ib&%,h lni.950.J.
I;$% e 2? 'ITSELYi3
&ath
Life
Death Bath
Death Life
Deaf& Dsa%,h
T.at,h Death
Llf.cj 13 y9axs
matl%a ba%h
Life
4 yews
%a%h &aP,h
Da8fS% Death

bath bath
%a-Bh 20 yema
20 ywra 20 pars
%a th R+a,%k
Dc33?>h b,%th
Dsa%$ LZa

Das,%h LWa

Daat h ba%h
De;s.%h brxt;h
ha.th LWe

Life 20 yews
CASE NO, TRIAL DA!LE
' PERPEEUU'ORS

000-50-37 continued BlIEHRTNG, Elm31 Otto Life

~~, HeinzGeorg 7yema
Alfred
l?UCHSLOa, Josef Acquitted
HEmICH, K u r t Acquitts~l
HELBIG, Oskas Georg 2 0 years
JAC OBI, Rudolf Life
KT.LM, Jose% Life
KOmIG, Georg Wilhelm Life
,hmCHEm, Paul 5 years
MOES]%R,H m Death
RICEHEY, Georg J o h m . 8 ~Acquitted
SCHMID2, Heimieh
Acquit,%ed

SIMON, W i f i e h
Life

TTJIRTCF, WaltJer
5 3-af.S

.~JL!'IT?-'A, Richard
20 years

ZWIE'LW, Wfl1i
2 5 years

000-50-46 2 2 Jan 47 RECKEBD Joaef

1 year 1 yeax
BERGER, F r m z
3s years 3s years
BLOMBERG, &mad
Death Death
BONGARTZ, Peter
15 years 15 yeara
T f l C R Wfu8hl
Death Life
. I - - , . ; Z G , Ludwig
I Jr:!
Life
y

Life
di2'iiarm, ~ & 1 Acquitted
EXS13USCH, C k i s t i a n Death Death
F ~ T B August ~ , 15 years 15 Y S ~ S S
GEISBERGEZ Jo- , Life Life
GEI;RR311TT8 Michasl Life LSf e
G r n E W , m 1 Acquit t e d
Friedrich 890i.s
GrnSrnL, A w t Death Dea-bh
G,- Karl 10 years 10 yeEl.323
YADBOT;D, Gerhmd 2 0 years 2 0 years
FRTSP,, (T34FPP bath Death
E1ilR7, L ~ ? c T Acquitted
,:,;.! 531>:i, L e o r ~ Acquitted
J A K U ~ X ~ F HA~L O ~ B Ljtfe Life
E!!ILrnG, -1 h a th Life
LIBDEKIO Eans Johann 1 0 years 10 years
LOSCH, Ednard 2 0 yeaxs 20 years
W B O I , Ilarl Life Life
W'ZKE, Gustap 10 years 10 years
MAJJRER, Raymond 30 y e a s 30 years
MOHR, Christian Death Death
M C TSS
E SEm, Erich Life Life

mE'YE, Walter Paul 15 yeass 12 years

AdoL-6
OLSCHEWSKI, W i l l i Death Death
PACHEPJ, E e m m Life Life

PAKLIC2ZK, Otto Life Life

PE?Z, F;rich Life U fa
243
 20 yema
hca-bh
20 ,yema
LITR
NEi
ha?1:
!k ELtk
13 yews
L3.f'a
math
I>? LI t9h

mC]!nB, mledri@B
GXTS~fMR, ( A C X ~ ~
mTX?ns9m#ald.
X.D!K, Otto
S C ' W Z , S%pp
SCBtXTZ, Helm%cb

25 3%OXE3
25 years
3 y@aTs
8 TQWB
 AS APPXOrnD
BY ~~G
CASE NO, TRIAL D m PERPl32WORS SENTENCES r n I I 0 R l i T Y
000-50-136 13 May 47 AUER, Franz Death Death
BA-, Karl Acquitted
BAYH4, Wilheh 10 years 10 yeaxe
ENG. JARLIP, Heinrich Life 25 y e t ~ ~
F L O C L ~E , rika Death Life
GICE3I;ED!ER, P$sl 20 years 20 yeaxa
GIESrn, H e m Lffe 25 ~ W S
WTCHLING, Daniel 15 years 15 yeeure
GRIESINCEER, Wilhelm 15 YSECS 15
r n G A s , Wizhelm Death Life
OST,- Anton Acquitted
SCEMIIXERGER, J&ob 20 yeaxe 20 yews
S P W H , Eerbert Death Life
SPERLING, Otto Death Life
 mwmm
y 7 ~ 8WAR 6RXMES GRO'TJI?
EUfiOPUm C O W
" APo4s'~
---------
lk-be

--_-RE&LTESY @PPiIt!EEl!JS TOR (2I ~ B J E C T

-- TiiEQJ~XPNCRDICATXC)ll OF RTJ%aC1).SgSS b ~ P ~ h S I O N
-..-- REQEST ~~!PIETXGWI&TIN 9F j..P:.UTJ AS XJX)I@AIFtD

I E S G R I 2 T T O ~ - ~DATE OF Bll?IX --_____-- PrAc3-.---,-.,----.-------.--

1 '
TABULATION BY NA'ITONS OF EXTRADITION REQUESTS AND THElR DISPOSITION

Country No. of No. of Cases

Making Individuals Individuals Closed
Request Requested Surrendered Administrativelp

Austria

Belgium

Bul gari a

Czechoslovakia

Denmark

France

Greece
H W Z ~ ~ Y
Italy

Luxemburg

Nether1 ands

Norway

Poland
Russia

United Kingdom

Yugodavia

TOTAL &U6 3914 4202

*Delivery of individuals i n t h i s column ma not effected f o r various

reasons, including:

a, Clearance coltld not be granted

b. Individuals could not be. l o c a t e d
c. Requests covered individuals located i n other zones

M s t r i b u t i o n of
Surrendered Individuals
Among Various United
Nations

APPENDIX XXIV 249