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  • Skema Jawapan Bio f5

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    Dorcas Chiang
    33 просмотров2 страницы
    Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and granulocytes are types of phagocytes that digest bacteria using hydrolytic enzymes in their lysosomes. Phagocytes surround and engulf bacteria through phagocytosis, forming a phagocytic vacuole. They kill pathogens by digestion but lymphocytes produce antibodies to neutralize toxins or kill pathogens. Artificial active immunity is achieved through booster doses of a vaccine to stimulate lymphocytes to produce more antibodies and achieve immunity. Root pressure occurs when water enters root cells by osmosis down a concentration gradient from the soil. This decreases the osmotic pressure of epidermal cells, causing water to diffuse into adjacent cells by osmosis. The

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    Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and granulocytes are types of phagocytes that digest bacteria using hydrolytic enzymes in their lysosomes. Phagocytes surround and engulf bacteria through phagocytosis, forming a phagocytic vacuole. They kill pathogens by digestion but lymphocytes produce antibodies to neutralize toxins or kill pathogens. Artificial active immunity is achieved through booster doses of a vaccine to stimulate lymphocytes to produce more antibodies and achieve immunity. Root pressure occurs when water enters root cells by osmosis down a concentration gradient from the soil. This decreases the osmotic pressure of epidermal cells, causing water to diffuse into adjacent cells by osmosis. The

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    33 просмотров2 страницы

    Skema Jawapan Bio f5

    Загружено:

    Dorcas Chiang
    Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and granulocytes are types of phagocytes that digest bacteria using hydrolytic enzymes in their lysosomes. Phagocytes surround and engulf bacteria through phagocytosis, forming a phagocytic vacuole. They kill pathogens by digestion but lymphocytes produce antibodies to neutralize toxins or kill pathogens. Artificial active immunity is achieved through booster doses of a vaccine to stimulate lymphocytes to produce more antibodies and achieve immunity. Root pressure occurs when water enters root cells by osmosis down a concentration gradient from the soil. This decreases the osmotic pressure of epidermal cells, causing water to diffuse into adjacent cells by osmosis. The

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Скачайте в формате DOCX, PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
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    из 2

    SKEMA JAWAPAN

    Section B (I):
    2. (a) (i) Neutrophil / eosinophil / basophil / granulocyte / phagocyte
    (b) F : digest bacteria
    E : because lisosome contain hydrolytic enzymes / cellulase which
    digest cellulose / by breaking down the bacteria cell wall.
    (c) F : phagocytes surrounds / engulfs the bacteria using pseudopodia
    E : forming phagocytic vacuole / fagosome /food vacuole
    (d) M kill the pathogen by engulf and digest the pathogen but
    lymphocyte produce antibody then antibody kill the pathogen /
    neutralize the toxin from pathogen
    (e) (i) Artificial active immunity
    (ii) Sample answer: N: booster dose // an additional administration of a
    vaccine E: to stimulate lymphocyte produce more antibody until
    achieve immunity level.
    (f)

    Section B (II):
    Root pressure
    P1: There is a concentration gradient between soil water and epidermal cell //
    soil water is hypotonic to the epidermal cell
    P2: so water diffuse into the cell of root hairs / epidermal cells P3: by osmosis
    P4: this will cause the osmotic pressure of the epidermal cell decrease /
    hypotonic (compare) to the adjacent cells
    P5: so water diffuse again to the adjacent cells
    P6: by osmosis
    P7: to cause continuously movement of water inward
    P8 : (Meanwhile), mineral ions are actively pumped / accumulated in xylem vessel
    P9: This condition creates a force to push the water into xylem vessel //root
    pressure created.
    P10: So water diffuses from cortex to the xylem vessel (of the middle of root.)
    P11: The concentration gradient of water across the cortex and endodermis
    create a pushing force, water then move to xylem
    Capillary Action
    P12: This is combination forces of cohesion and adhesion forces
    P13: Cohesion force is the attraction among the water molecule along the xylem
    xylem vessel
    P14: Adhesive force is the attraction of water molecule with the wall of the xylem
    cells.
    P15: Thus the capillary action enable the upwards movement of water along the
    xylem
    Transpirational pull
    P16: During transpiration, water loss to the atmosphere and thus create the
    transpiration pull.

    Any 10 P3 and P6 accept once

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