Partition

Best thought of as being a ratio; dimensionless number and this ratio or this dimensionless number
is the number of atoms that exist at the ground state to the number of atoms existing in the state
above that.

Just happens to represent that thats the case.

We looked at the single particle coefficient function but I want to expand that out. We did that for
the single molecule or particle on its own. WE looked at the isngle particl partition function btu I
want to expand that out.


=

Now we need to loko at all the ways that a system can partition its energy

Going to write it out like this

( + + + )

=

What were oding herei s that energy can be partitioned in a number of ways translational,
rotational, vibrational, exotic

Tend to neglect that

Bit by bit we have to introduce into the partition function for all the modes of energy storage.

What this really means it, it means we can write this thing as,

= ( )

=
Not going to worry much aout exotic partition function much

Translational degrees of free dom (energy levels) theyre not really spaced all that wide apart from
each other.

Rotational is spaced more.

Once you get to vibrational ones theyre well spaced.

We said before that

= 2 ( (ln ))

What we need to do with this thing is introduce this idea here,

We need to break it up into the two forms

= 2 ( (ln ))

= 2 ( (ln( ))) + 2 ( (ln( )))

= +
Since

= +
+ +

Translational enthalpy is = +

Internal enthalpy is: =

Translational energy storage

Rotational Mode of energy storage

=

= symmetry number

2
=
8 2
Characteristic rotational tmepetature

= moment of inertia of the molecule

ln( ) = ln() ln( )