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ChE 311 EVAPORATION ChE, BUET

UNIT OPERATION
EVAPORATION

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 EVAPORATION COMPARED
WITH DISTILLATION

SOLUTE IN EVAPORATION IS
GENERALLY NON-VOLATILE,
RELATIVE TO SOLVENT

http://www.novasep.com/tec http://www.schoolscience.co.
hnologies/img/evaporation- uk/content/4/chemistry/petrol
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CONTENT

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CONTENT

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ChE 311 EVAPORATION ChE, BUET

Some Basics Concepts

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 EVAPORATION
Heat is added to a solution to vaporize the solvent, which is usually
water.

Case of heat transfer to a boiling liquid.

Vapor from a boiling liquid solution is removed and a more

concentrated solution remains.

Refers to the removal of water from an aqueous solution.

Evaporation:-Evaporation is a phase transition from the liquid phase

to gas phase that occurs at temperatures below the boiling
temperature at a given pressure.

Example: concentration of aqueous solutions of sugar. In these

cases the crystal is the desired product and the evaporated water is
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discarded.
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 Vaccum for non
condensable
Single Effect Evaporator
Coolant In
Vapor out
Coolant
Condensor out
unit
Vapor
Separator
Feed in
Steam in
(Saturated vapor)
Heat Exchanger
Condensate out
(Saturated
Liquid)

Product out
Multiple Effect Evaporator

Series of evaporators between the

steam supply and condenser is called
multiple effect evaporator.
The vapors from one effect serve as
the heating medium for the next.
Temp of vapors decreases and
pressure also decreases.

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 Double Effect Evaporator

Equipment used in evaporation, the process of boiling a

liquid in order to reduce its volume 14
Why is Vacuum is used?

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Heat Transfer Coefficient, h

A coefficient which indicates the

amount of heat flow that is exchanged
across a unit area of a medium or
system in a unit amount of time with a
unit of temperature difference between
the boundary of the system.
S.I. unit W m-2 K-1.
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient,
U

So an additional term (Uo),

called the overall heat transfer
coefficient, must be used
instead.
Choice of Steam Pressure

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Performance of Evaporator

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Steam Economy

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Evaporator Capacity

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 Characteristics to considered
Other liquid characteristics Pressure and temperature

Foaming or frothing

Scale deposition
Processing Factors
Solubility Viscosity

Temperature sensitivity Concentration in

of materials the liquid

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 PROCESSING FACTORS

(1) Concentration
dilute feed, viscosity , heat transfer coefficient, h
concentrated solution/products, , and h .

(2) Solubility
concentration , solubility , crystal formed.
solubility with temperature .

(3) Temperature.
heat sensitive material degrade at higher temperature &
prolonged heating.
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(4) Foaming/frothing.
caustic solutions, food solutions, fatty acid
solutions form foam/froth during boiling.
entrainment loss as foam accompany vapor.

(5) Pressure and Temperature

pressure , boiling point .
concentration , boiling point.
heat-sensitive material operate under vacuum.

(6) Material of construction

minimize corrosion.
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 Double Effect Evaporator

Equipment used in evaporation, the process of boiling a

liquid in order to reduce its volume 35
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Selection of Evaporator

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Type of Evaporation
Equipment

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Type of Evaporation Equipment

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ChE 311 EVAPORATION ChE, BUET

Natural Circulation

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Horizontal Tube Evaporator

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Vertical Tube Evaporator

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Vertical Tube Evaporator

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Long Tube Vertical Evaporator

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FORCE CIRCULATION
EVAPORATOR
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Heat Transfer Mechanism

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Exchanger Location & Uses

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SPECIAL TYPE EVAPORATOR

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Falling Film Evaporator

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Falling Film Evaporator

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Agitated Film/ Turbulant film

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Submerged Combustion
Evaporator

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Selection of Evaporator

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Steam Trap
Discharge
condensate,
air and other
incondensable
gases from a
steam system
while not
permitting the
escape of live
steam

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THANK YOU

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