Memo for October/November 2010

By Ashton According to Biology 8th edition

Question 1

1. e

2. c

3. c

4. e

5. e

6. a

7. d

8. d

9. d

10. d

Question 2

2.1 Binomial

2.2 gram stain

2.3 Bioremediation

2.4 Carpel

2.5 Charophytes

Question 3

3.1 (any 5) (page 631)

Monocots Dicots

Embryo

One cotyledon Two cotyledons

Leaf venation
Veins usually parallel Veins usually netlike

Stems

Vascular tissue scattered Vascular tissue usually arranged in a ring

Roots

Root system usually fibrous (no main root) Tap root (main root) usually present

Pollen

Pollen grain with one opening Pollen grain with three openings

Flowers

Floral organs usually in multiples of three Floral organs usually in multiples of four or five

3.2

After a pollen grain lands on a suitable stigma, it absorbs water and germinates by producing a pollen
tube, which grows between the cells of the style toward the ovary. The nucleus of the generative cell
divides by mitosis and forms two sperm. Directed by a chemical attractant produced by the two
synergids flanking the egg, the tip of the pollen tube enters the ovule through the micropyle and
discharges its two sperm near or within the female gametophyte (embryo sac). Upon reaching the
female gametophyte, one sperm fertilizes the egg, forming the zygote. The other sperm combines with
the two polar nuclei, forming a triploid (3n) nucleus in the center of the large central cell of the female
gametophyte. This large cell will give rise to the endosperm, a foodstoring tissue of the seed. The union
of two sperm cells with different nuclei of the female gametophyte is called double fertilization.

3.3
Question 4

Prop roots: support tall, top heavy plants.

Storage roots: store food and water.

Buttress roots: support tall trees

Pneumatophores: project above water to obtain oxygen.

Strangler aerial roots: wrap around host tree to support plant.

Question 5

An apicomplexan is A protist in a clade that includes many species that parasitize animals. Some
apicomplexans cause human disease.
Question 6

6.1 Growth hormone (GH)

Prolactin (PRL)

Follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (THS)

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

6.2 Androgens

Estrogens

Progestins

6.3 (Adrenal medulla) Epinephrine

Norepinephrine

(Adrenal cortex) Glucocorticoids

 Mineralocorticoids

6.4 Melatonin

Question 7

7.1 Sexual reproduction

7.2 sperm

7.3 budding

7.4 fragmentation

7.5 oviparous

Question 8

Homo sapiens

Question 9

9.1 Conveys and help refine filtrate

9.2 re-absorption of water

9.3 movement of Nacl out of the filtrate

9.4 regulates the K+ and NaG concentration of body fluids

9.5 carries the filtrate through the medulla to the renal pelvis