Hurricane Irma

Hurricane Irma
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This article is about the Atlantic hurricane of 2017. For other storms of the same name, see Tropical
Storm Irma.
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Hurricane Irma 5
Current storm status

Category 5 hurricane (1-min mean)
Satellite image
Forecast map
As of: 11:00 p.m. EDT September
7 (03:00 UTCSeptember 8)
Location: 21.3N 72.4W 10 nm
About 55 mi (85 km) ENE of Great Inagua
Island
About 585 mi (940 km) ESE of Miami, FL
Sustained winds: 145 kn (165 mph; 270 km/h) (1-min mean)
gusting to 175 kn (200 mph; 325 km/h)
Pressure: 920 mbar (hPa; 27.17 inHg)
Movement: WNW at 14 kn (16 mph; 26 km/h)
See more detailed information.
Hurricane Irma is an extremely powerful tropical cycloneaffecting the Leeward Islands and Puerto
Rico, and threatening Cuba and the Southeastern United States. It is the strongest Atlantic
hurricane since Wilma of 2005 in terms of maximum sustained winds, the most intense in terms of
pressure since Dean in 2007, and the first of such intensity to make landfall anywhere in the Atlantic
since Felix in 2007. Irma is also the first Category 5 hurricane to affect the northern Leeward
Islands on record. A typical Cape Verde hurricane,[1][2][3] Irma developed on August 30 near the Cape
Verde Islands from a tropical wave that had moved off the west African coast two days prior. It is the
ninth named storm, fourth hurricane, and second major hurricane of the 2017 Atlantic hurricane
season.[4][5][6]
Under favorable conditions, Irma rapidly intensified shortly after formation, becoming a Category 2
hurricane within a mere 24 hours. It became a Category 3 hurricane (and therefore a major
hurricane) shortly afterward; however, the intensity fluctuated for the next several days due to a
series of eyewall replacement cycles. On September 5, Irma became a Category 5 hurricane, and by
early the next day, Irma reached peak intensity with 185 mph (295 km/h) winds and a
minimum pressure of 914 mbar (914 hPa; 27.0 inHg). This ties it as the second-strongest Atlantic
hurricane by wind speed, surpassed only by Allenof 1980 which reached wind speeds of 190 mph
(310 km/h). However, Irma sustained these 185 mph winds for 36 hours, setting a record above
Allen, which had sustained 180 mph (290 km/h) winds for 18 hours. In addition, Irma achieved one
of the longest durations of Category 5 strength winds on record.[7] Irma is the strongest hurricane
ever recorded in the Atlantic basin outside the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, and is tied with
the 1935 Labor Day hurricane as the strongest landfalling cyclone on record in the Atlantic basin. In
addition, Irma's low pressure makes it the strongest tropical cyclone worldwide in 2017 so far.
It caused catastrophic damage in Barbuda, St. Barthelemy, St Martin, Anguilla and the Virgin
Islands as a Category 5 with winds of 185 mph (295 km/h). Irma was the strongest hurricane to
strike the northern Leeward Islands and one of the worst storms to hit the region, along
with Hurricane Donna in 1960 and Hurricane Luis in 1995. The hurricane has caused at least 10
deaths by noon UTC on September 7.[8]
Contents
[hide]
1Meteorological history
o 1.1Current storm information
1.1.1Watches and warnings
2Preparations
o 2.1Caribbean
o 2.2Mainland United States
2.2.1Florida
2.2.2Georgia
2.2.3The Carolinas
2.2.4Sports
2.2.5FEMA funding
3Impact
o 3.1Antigua and Barbuda
o 3.2Saint Martin and neighboring islands
o 3.3Rest of the Leeward Islands
o 3.4Virgin Islands
o 3.5Puerto Rico
o 3.6Turks and Caicos Islands
4Environmental factors
o 4.1Climate change
5See also
6References
7External links
Meteorological history
Map plotting the track and intensity of the storm according to the SaffirSimpson scale
The US National Hurricane Center(NHC) began monitoring a tropical wave over the western coast of
Africa on August 26.[9] This wave moved off the coast of the continent late on August 27. Throughout
the next two days, showers and thunderstorms associated with the wave became better organized
and gradually coalesced into a low pressure area as it passed just south of and through the Cape
Verde Islands on August 29,[10] with the NHC stating that any significant organization of the
disturbance would result in the classification of a tropical depression.[11]
A VIIRS satellite image of Hurricane Irma on September 3
Further organization over the next 24 hours or so led to classification of the disturbance as Tropical
Storm Irma at 15:00 UTC on August 30, based on scatterometer data and satellite estimates.[12] With
warm sea surface temperatures and low wind shear, strengthening was anticipated, with the only
hindrance being slightly cooler waters and drier air. The nascent storm began developing upper-level
poleward outflow as an anticyclone became established over the system, with banding
features becoming increasingly evident in satellite images.[13] Early on August 31, shortly after the
development of a central dense overcast (CDO) and an eye feature, Irma rapidly
intensified beginning at 09:00 UTC on August 31, with winds increasing from 70 mph (110 km/h) to
115 mph (185 km/h) in only 12 hours.[14] On September 2, a ship passed 60 mi (90 km) to the west of
the center of Irma, recording maximum winds of 45 mph (70 km/h), which indicated that the eye of
Irma remained compact.[15][16] A strengthening subtropical ridge over the central North Atlantic pushed
Irma from a western to southwestern direction on September 2 and 3.[17][18][19][20] The first aircraft
reconnaissance missiondeparted from Barbados on the afternoon of September 3, discovering an
eye 29 mi (47 km) in diameter and surface winds of 115 mph (185 km/h).[19][21]
Infrared loop of Hurricane Irma approaching the northern Leeward Islands on September 5, around the time of
its upgrade to a Category 5 hurricane
On September 4, Hurricane Irma strengthened into a Category 4 hurricane, with winds of 130 mph
(215 km/h) at 21:00 UTC.[22]Under favorable conditions, Irma continued deepening and became a
Category 5 hurricane by 11:45 UTC on the following day, with winds of 175 mph
(280 km/h),[23] making Irma the easternmost Atlantic hurricane of this strength on record,
surpassing Hurricane David of 1979.[24] At 15:00 UTC, the National Hurricane Center announced that
aircraft reconnaissance indicated that Hurricane Irma had maximum sustained winds of 180 mph
(285 km/h).[25] By 00:15 UTC on September 6, Irma's maximum sustained winds and
minimum pressure reached 185 mph (295 km/h) and 916 mbar (916 hPa; 27.0 inHg), respectively,
making Irma the strongest Atlantic hurricane since Hurricane Wilma of 2005 in terms of sustained
wind speed, and the most intense Atlantic hurricane since Hurricane Dean of 2007 in terms of
pressure. Only four other Atlantic hurricanes have been recorded with wind speeds of 185 mph
(295 km/h) or higher: Wilma, the 1935 Labor Day hurricane, Hurricane Allen of 1980, and Hurricane
Gilbert of 1988.[26] In addition, Irma is the strongest hurricane in the Atlantic basin outside of
the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico in recorded history (although reliable records only date to the
late 1960s with satellite observations),[27] and its intensity was such as to register
on seismographs in Guadeloupe.[28] As of the 2:00 a.m. advisory on September 7, Irma had
sustained 185 mph (295 km/h) winds for 36 hours, the only tropical cyclone worldwide to have had
winds that speed for that long, breaking the previous record of 24 hours set by Typhoon Haiyan.[29]
At 06:00 UTC on September 6, the center of Irma made landfall along the northern coast
of Barbuda at peak strength.[30][31][32] This made Irma tied for the third strongest tropical cyclone to
make landfall globally in terms of sustained winds along with the 1935 Labor Day hurricane
and Typhoon Joan of 1959, trailing only typhoons Haiyan of 2013 and Meranti of 2016, which bore
winds of 190 mph (310 km/h) at landfall. Irma also tied the 1935 hurricane as the strongest at
landfall in the Atlantic basin since records began in 1851.[33] While maintaining its intensity, Irma
made successive landfalls at approximately 12:00 UTC on Sint Maarten and at 17:00 UTC on Ginger
Island and Tortola in the British Virgin Islands.[32]
Current storm information
This video is a storm-centered animation of GOES-16 super rapid scan showing how Irma continued to
maintain the top intensity of 185 mph longer than any previous tropical cyclones in the Atlantic basin as it
moved through the northern Lesser Antilles. Video from NOAA NWS Weather Prediction Center. Published on
September 7, 2017
As of 11:00 p.m. EDT September 7 (3:00 UTCSeptember 8), Hurricane Irma is located within
10 nautical miles of 21.3N 72.4W, about 55 miles (85 km) east-northeast of Great Inagua Island,
and about 585 miles (940 km) east-southeast of Grand Turk Island. Maximum sustained winds are
145 knots (165 mph; 270 km/h), with gusts to 175 knots (200 mph; 325 km/h). The
minimum barometric pressure is 920 millibars (hPa; 27.17 inHg). The system is moving west-
northwest at 14 knots (16 mph; 26 km/h). Hurricane-force winds extend up to 75 miles (120 km) from
the center of Irma, and tropical-storm-force winds extend outward up to 185 miles (295 km).
For latest official information, see:
The NHC's latest public advisory on Hurricane Irma

The NHC's latest forecast advisory on Hurricane Irma
The NHC's latest forecast discussion on Hurricane Irma
Watches and warnings
The Bahamas
Southeastern Bahamas
Central Bahamas
Northwestern Bahamas
Cuba
Provinces of Camagey, Ciego de vila, Sancti Spritus,
and Villa Clara
Haiti
Hurricane Warning Northern border of the Dominican Republic west to Mle-
Hurricane conditions Saint-Nicolas
expected within 36 hours. British Overseas Territories
Turks and Caicos Islands
United States
Florida
Jupiter Inletsouthward around the peninsula to Bonita
Beach
Florida Keys
Lake Okeechobee
Florida Bay
Cuba
Provinces of Matanzas, Guantnamo, Holgun, and Las Tunas
Hurricane Watch United States
Hurricane conditions
Florida
possible within 48 hours.
North of Jupiter Inlet to Sebastian Inlet
North of Bonita Beach to Anna Maria Island
Cuba
Tropical Storm Warning Provinces of Guantnamo, Holgun, Las Tunas
Tropical storm conditions
Haiti
expected within 36 hours.
South of Mle-Saint-Nicolas to Port-au-Prince
United States
Storm Surge Warning Florida
Life-threatening inundation
Jupiter Inlet southward around the peninsula to Bonita
from storm surge possible within
Beach
36 hours.
Florida Keys
Storm Surge Watch United States

Life-threatening inundation Florida
from storm surge possible within North of Jupiter Inlet to Sebastian Inlet
48 hours. North of Bonita Beach to Venice
Preparations
Caribbean
Along the northeast coast of Puerto Rico, USGS surveys reference elevation points to ensure the accuracy of
water level data.
Given Irma's forecast track along much of the Caribbean island chain, hurricane warnings were
issued for the northern Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico and parts of Hispaniola on September 5.[34]On
September 4, Puerto Rico declared a state of emergency.[35] In Antigua and Barbuda, residents
safeguarded their homes and cleaned up their properties in anticipation of strong winds. Emergency
crews were put on standby at public shelters and hospitals by September 5 to assist with any
evacuations.[36] Expecting a direct hit, more than half of residents on Barbuda took shelter,[37]and
relief supplies were preemptively mobilized.[38] On Guadeloupe, low-lying and cliff-edge homes were
evacuated at the threat of flooding and erosion. Schools and public businesses closed on
September 5 and 6. Hospitals stocked up on three days' worth of supplies and checked the
functionality of their generators.[39][40] Of the island's 32 municipalities, 22 activated their emergency
plans; 1,500 people were urged to take shelter.[41]
Though the core of the hurricane was expected to remain north of the island, a yellow alert was
issued for Martiniquedue to the likelihood of rough seas.[42] The island dispatched relief supplies and
military reinforcements to its neighboring islands of Guadeloupe, Saint Martin and Saint Barthlemy,
who faced a greater risk of a direct impact.[43]The National Emergency Management Organization
on Saint Lucia urged small craft operators and swimmers to be mindful of forecasts for high
surf.[44] Small Craft Warnings and High Surf Advisories were hoisted for Dominica, where residents
were urged to remain vigilant of the potential for high waves, landslides, and flooding.[45]
On September 6 the Dominican Republic activated the International Charter on Space and Major
Disasters, thus providing for humanitarian satellite coverage.[46]
Mainland United States
Florida
On September 4, Florida Governor Rick Scott declared a state of emergency for Florida,[47] and
placed 100 members of the Florida National Guard on duty to assist in preparations. All 7,000 troops
are to be on duty by September 8.[48] Officials advised residents to stock their hurricane
kits.[49] Governor Scott suspended tolls on all toll roads in Florida, including Florida's Turnpike,
starting at 5:00 p.m. on September 5.[50] All state offices in Florida are to be closed on Friday.[51] All
schools in the Florida Keys are closed from September 6 until further notice. Mandatory evacuations
for the islands are expected, with tourists to leave September 6 and residents the following
day.[52] Schools are also closed in Miami-Dade, Broward, Palm
Beach, Collier, Martin, Okeechobee, St. Lucie, Lee, Brevard, Pinellas, and Indian Rivercounties on
September 7 and 8.[53] On September 6, the mayor of Fort Lauderdale ordered mandatory
evacuations for all residents east of US 1. The city of Tampa, on the west coast of Florida, declared
a local state of emergency. [54] The University of Central Florida announced that classes would be
canceled from September 7 to 11, and their Orlando campuses closed from September 8 to
11.[55] Shelters will be opening in the following
counties: Broward, Flagler, Hardee, Hendry, Marion, Palm Beach, and Pasco.[56] At around
15:00 UTC on September 7, a hurricane watch was issued for parts of South Florida, from
the Jupiter Inlet to Bonita Beach, including the Florida Keys.[57] At 02:00 UTC, Friday September 8,
a hurricane warning was issued for the Florida Keys, extending as far north as Miami.[58]
Georgia
Georgia Governor Nathan Deal declared a state of emergency for six coastal counties on September
6, 2017; however, the state of emergency was expanded to cover 30 counties in southeast and east
central Georgia, and Governor Deal ordered mandatory evacuations for all areas east of Interstate
95 on September 7, 2017. Contraflow lane reversal for Interstate 16 will take effect on September 9,
2017 at 8:00 a.m.[59]
The Carolinas
Video by mayor of Fayetteville, North Carolina Nat Robertson
North Carolina Governor Roy Cooper declared a state of emergency on September 6, 2017, to take
effect for the entire state at 8:00 a.m. on September 7.[60]
South Carolina Governor Henry McMaster declared a state of emergency on September 6, 2017.[61]
Sports
The University of Central Florida Knights football teammoved up a home game in Orlando,
Florida against the University of Memphis Tigers football team from Saturday, September 9, 2017, at
8:00 p.m. local to Friday, September 8, 2017 at 6:30 p.m. local due to Irma.[62] The Miami Dolphins
Tampa Bay Buccaneers game scheduled for September 10 at Hard Rock Stadium in Miami was
postponed to November 19 due to the storm potentially hitting during the teams' Week 1
matchup.[63] The University of MiamiArkansas State University game scheduled for September 9
at Centennial Bank Stadium in Arkansas was canceled due to travel concerns for the University of
Miami.[64] The University of Florida Gatorsfootball team's Saturday, September 9 contest against
the Northern Colorado Bears in Gainesville, originally scheduled for 7:30 p.m. local time, was moved
up to 12:00 p.m. noon that same day.[65] The Florida State UniversitySeminoles football team's
Saturday, September 9 contest against Louisiana-Monroe in Tallahassee, originally scheduled for
7:00 p.m. local time, was moved up to 12:00 noon that same day. Florida International
University's football game against Alcorn State, originally scheduled for Saturday, September 9 at
7:30 PM EDT, will be played one day earlier on Friday, September 8 at 6:00 PM CDT at Legion
Field in Birmingham.[66] Minor League Baseball'sFlorida State League called off their championship
game and as a result, will name their division series players co-champions.[67]
FEMA funding
As of September 5, 2017, FEMA funding was running dangerously low due to its recent response
to Hurricane Harvey in Texas, prompting the Trump administration to request an immediate $8 billion
in additional funding as Irma approaches Florida.[68] With the clip that current funds are being
consumed at the United States Senate almost doubled the requested amount to $15.3 billion with
the understanding that this would only be about 10% of what will be required for the response to
Harvey.[69]
Impact
Deaths and damage by country [70]
Damage
Country Fatalities Missing
2016 (USD) Barbuda 1 2 $150 million
Saint Martin 5 0 N/A
Anguilla 1 0 N/A
Saint Thomas 3 0 N/A
Puerto Rico 3 0 N/A
Totals: 13 2 N/A
NOAA aircraft flying to the eye of Hurricane Irma on September 5, 2017
Antigua and Barbuda

The eyewall of the hurricane moved over Barbudanear its record peak intensity during the night of
September 56;[71] a local anemometer reportedly measured an unofficial gust of 155 mph (250
km/h) before being blown away.[72] Though some reports of structural damage such as blown off
roofs surfaced shortly after,[73] the exact state of the island remained unclear for hours after Irma's
passage, as downed phone lines ceased all communication with nearby islands.[37]Later that
afternoon, Prime Minister Gaston Brownesurveyed the territory by helicopter, revealing an effectively
uninhabitable island. Irma damaged or destroyed 95% of the structures on Barbuda, including its
hospital, schools and both of its hotels;[74] it completely flattened some residential blocks while
submerging others.[75][76] The destruction rendered the island's sole airport and much of its
infrastructure inoperativeincluding water and telecommunication serviceswhich further
hampered relief efforts. Preliminary assessments on Barbuda suggest property damage of at least
$150 million. One infant drowned in the process of evacuating during the hurricane,[77] and a
pregnant woman and her sister went missing.[78]
Remaining just outside of Irma's strongest windfield, Antigua sustained minimal damage in the form
of leveled roofs and fences, downed power poles and lines, and uprooted trees. Some street
flooding also took place in low-lying areas.[79] Three people were treated for minor storm-related
injuries.[80]
Saint Martin and neighboring islands
On the morning of September 6, Irma's extreme core crossed the island of Saint Martin, sweeping
entire structures, submerging roads and cars alike, and triggering an island-wide blackout.[81] Its
catastrophic Category-5 winds elevated numerous trees, vehicles, and debris from damaged
structures, scattering them across the territory.[82] On the French side of Saint-Martin, entire marinas
around Marigot were left in ruins, littered with the stranded remnants of boats that had smashed into
each other.[82] A hotel caught on fire, but dangerous conditions and impassable roads prevented
firefighters from putting out the blaze. Another hotel lost nearly all of its ground floor.[83] Media images
depicted devastated room interiors with furniture hurled around after the winds had shattered their
windows.[82] The hurricane destroyed an eleven-bedroom mansion owned by U.S.
President Trump.[84]Irma killed four people on the French side of island and injured 50 others, one of
whom was in critical condition. As many as 95% of the buildings there were damaged to some
degree; 60% of those were totally uninhabitable.[85]
A similar situation unfolded in Sint Maarten, the island's Dutch half, as intense winds ripped through
buildings and lifted vehicles aloft "as if they were matches".[86] The hurricane wreaked havoc
on Princess Juliana International Airport, with "huge chunks of the building [strewn] across the
runway and a jet bridge snapped in half."[87] One person was killed and several others were injured in
the Dutch territory.[86] Irma was considered the worst disaster to hit Sint Maartenthe extent of its
damage far exceeded that of any previous hurricane.[86] The devastation of its airport and harbor left
that part of Saint Martin unreachable. However, the small airport on the French side could be
reopened for supply aid by helicopter and airplane.[88]
Irma left widespread destruction and disastrous flooding along its path over Saint Barthlemy,
southeast of Saint Martin. Describing the extent of the destruction, one local compared it to "a bomb
that burned all vegetation," while another said that it were as if the hurricane had effectively "erased
the island from the map".[89] Violent seas swept away entire coastal establishments, with one hotel
being stripped of all but its foundations.[90] Streets in the capital of Gustavia were turned into rushing
rivers, which carried away vehicles and pieces of furniture. The island's fire station was inundated
with up to 6.4 ft (2 meter) of flood waters.[90][77] With scores of homes and much of the infrastructure
destroyed, the majority of the island's population was left stranded and without water, electricity or
phone service.[89]
Satellite image of Category 5 Hurricane Irma crossing the British Virgin Islands on September 6
Rest of the Leeward Islands

Large swells ahead of Irma washed ashore debris and sea life in Castries, Saint Lucia, blocking
some roads.[91]One surfer was killed amid rough surf in Barbadosafter hitting a reef and breaking his
neck.[92] The hurricane's effects, such as violent seas and rattling trees, were intense enough to be
detected by seismographs in Guadeloupe.[93] Around 8,000 households and a water supply network
on that island lost power during the storm, leaving several communes in the dark without running
water. Overall damage was limited to trees that were blown onto roads and three unmanned ships
wrecked by rough seas.[41] Saint Kitts and Nevis endured similar conditions; blustery rainstorms
triggered scattered power outages and disabled the island's water system, but the islands were
spared of significant damage.[94]
The British Overseas Territory of Anguilla had the eye of the storm pass over it on September 6.
Many homes and schools were destroyed, and the island's only hospital was badly damaged.[95] The
devastation was particularly severe in East End, where the winds uprooted scores of trees and
power poles and demolished a number of houses. In The Valley, the island's capital, the hurricane
blew out the windows of government buildings. Rough seas inflicted heavy damage upon several
bays and harbors, and a seaside restaurant was completely eradicated.[96] About 90% of roads were
left impassable.[85] The island's air traffic control tower was damaged, exacerbating the already poor
communication with the island.[97] One death was reported on the island. RFA Mounts Bay, is said to
be near the island, providing support and relief work with its helicopters and 40 marines and army
engineers.[95]
Virgin Islands
Damage in the British Virgin Islands was extensive. Numerous buildings and roads were destroyed
on the island of Tortola, which bore the brunt of the hurricane's core.[98] Along Cane Garden Bay, the
storm surge swallowed seaside bars and a gas station. Satellite images revealed many of the
island's residential zones had been left in ruins.[96] The hurricane ravished Necker Island, destroying
the private mansion of Richard Branson.[84] Irma's onslaught in the US Virgin Islands was mostly
confined to Saint Thomas, where at least 12 inches (305 mm) of rain fell. The island suffered
extensive and widespread structural damage, including to its police station and airport. Patients from
the fourth and third floors of Charlotte Amalie's hospital had to be relocated to lower floors due to
flooding from roof leaks. Three deaths were attributed to Irma on the island. On nearby Saint Croix,
there were communication issues and some damage to the infrastructure.[96]
Puerto Rico
Two people died in Puerto Rico due to rainstorms ahead of the hurricane: one man died
in Orocovis after falling off his ladder while repairing his roof; another man on the coast
in Capitanejo died after being struck by lightning. Three nearby fishermen were burned by the same
lightning strike, but survived. Two other people died during the hurricane: a woman died while being
evacuated from her house in a wheel chair and fell from the same hitting her head; another person
died in a car accident in Canovanas.[99] More than a million residents lost power due to damages
caused by the storm, according to former Puerto Rican Governor Alejandro Garca Padilla.[100]
Turks and Caicos Islands
NOAA's windstream animation in the evening of September 7, 2017, when hurricane Irma crossed the Turks
and Caicos Islands.
On the evening of September 7, at 7:30 PM AST (23:30 UTC), hurricane Irma reached the Turks and
Caicos Islands. While the eye passed just South of the islands, the most powerful winds on the
northern side of the eye swept the group of islands for more than two hours.
This section needs expansion. You

can help by adding to it. (September
2017)
Environmental factors
Sea surface temperatures in the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico on Sept. 5, 2017.
Climate change
Scientists point out that global warmingcontributes warmer ocean waters and more moist air for rain,
and that the strongest hurricanes were recorded in recent years, including Irma. Additionally, sea
level rise from melting ice sheets near the poles is cited to have contributed to higher storm
surges.[101] Data collected by NASA shows ocean surface temperatures in the path of Irma are above
30 C (86 F), capable of sustaining a Category 5 hurricane.[102]
See also
Tropical cyclones portal
List of Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes

Hurricane Matthew(2016) Caused damage and deaths in Haiti,
before moving to The Bahamas and then skimming the coastline of
Florida, before moving up the coast.
Hurricane Hugo (1989) Only other known storm to reach Category 5
intensity east of the Leeward Islands.
Hurricane Earl (2010) Cape Verde-type hurricane that affected the
northern Leeward Islands as a strengthening hurricane
Hurricane Luis (1995) very damaging and powerful hurricane that
caused severe impacts in the northern Lesser Antilles
Hurricane Marilyn (1995) caused destruction as a rapidly intensifying
hurricane in the northern Leeward Islands, which had been affected by
Luis shortly beforehand
Hurricane Donna (1960) brushed the Lesser Antilles, before hitting
the Florida Keys in early September at Category 4 intensity and
travelling up the East Coast of the United States.
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(66.2W)." (Tweet). Retrieved September 5,2017 via Twitter.
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& Wilma for 2nd strongest Atlantic winds on record. Allen is #1 at 190
mph." (Tweet). Retrieved September 5, 2017 via Twitter.
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34. Jump up^ Richard Pasch (September 5, 2017). Hurricane Irma Public
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36. Jump up^ "Disaster Coordinator: Barbuda ready and prepared for the
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38. Jump up^ "PM says relief efforts are already underway for A&B". The
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39. Jump up^ "Comment la Guadeloupe, Saint-Barth et Saint-Martin se
prparent l'ouragan Irma" (in French). 20 minutes. Agence France-
Presse. September 4, 2017. Retrieved September 4, 2017.
40. Jump up^ "Irma. Un ouragan aussi fort quHarvey attendu dans les
Carabes". Ouest France (in French). Agence France-Presse. September
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41. ^ Jump up to:a b Prfet de Guadeloupe [@Prefet971] (September 6,
2017). "Passage de l'ouragan IRMA en #Guadeloupe. Point de situation,
ce mercredi 6 sept. 5h" (Tweet) via Twitter.
42. Jump up^ "Le dangereux Ouragan Irma se rapproche des Antilles" (in
French). franceinfo. September 4, 2017. Retrieved September 4, 2017.
43. Jump up^ Peggy Pinel-Fereol (September 5, 2017). "La Martinique
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French). France Tlvisions. Retrieved September 7, 2017.
44. Jump up^ "Hurricane Irma approaches Northern Leeward Islands". St.
Lucia Times. September 4, 2017. Retrieved September 4, 2017.
45. Jump up^ "Tropical Storm Watch remains in effect for
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46. Jump up^ "Hurricane Irma in the Dominican Republic". International
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47. Jump up^ Giovanna Maselli (September 4, 2017). "Florida Gov.
Declares State Of Emergency Over Hurricane Irma". CBS Miami.
48. Jump up^ "Gov. Scott activates 100 National Guard members, 7,000 to
report for duty Friday morning". WFTS. September 5, 2017.
49. Jump up^ Lance Dixon; David J. Neal; Jane Woolridge (September 4,
2017). "How South Florida is gearing up for the storm". The Miami
Herald. Retrieved September 5, 2017.
50. Jump up^ Tavss, Jeff (September 5, 2017). "Florida tolls suspended on
all roadways". Miami, FL: WPLG. Retrieved September 7, 2017.
51. Jump up^ Fletcher Keel (September 5, 2017). "Gov. Scott closes state
offices Friday in preparation for Irma". WCTV. Retrieved September
6, 2017.
52. Jump up^ "Keys Evac Order Likely, Shelters In Broward & Dade To
Open If Needed". CBS Miami. September 5, 2017. Retrieved September
5, 2017.
53. Jump up^ "Schools closing because of Hurricane Irma". WPBF.
54. Jump up^ "Mayor of Tampa on Twitter".
55. Jump up^ "Hurricane Irma: UCF will cancel classes starting Thursday,
close on Friday". UCF News - University of Central Florida Articles -
Orlando, FL News. Retrieved September 6, 2017.
56. Jump up^ "Hurricane Irma Resources". Florida Department of
Education. 2017-09-06. Retrieved 2017-09-07.
57. Jump up^ Lixion A. Avila (September 7, 2017). "Hurricane Irma Advisory
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58. Jump
up^ http://forecast.weather.gov/shmrn.php?mz=amz117&syn=amz101
59. Jump up^ Foreman, Lauren; Eldridge, Ellen. "Hurricane Irma: 30
Georgia counties under state of emergency". The Atlanta Journal-
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60. Jump up^ Josh Shaffer; Abbie Bennett (September 6, 2017). "NC
governor declares state of emergency ahead of powerful Hurricane
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61. Jump up^ Elizabeth Townsend (September 6, 2017). "Hurricane Irma:
SC Governor McMaster declares state of emergency". The Sun News.
Retrieved September 6,2017.
62. Jump up^ "UCF vs. Memphis Moves to Friday at 6:30 pm". University of
Central Florida Knights. September 5, 2017.
63. Jump up^ Kevin Patra (September 5, 2017). "Buccaneers-Dolphins
game rescheduled for Week 11". National Football League.
64. Jump up^ Scott Gleeson (September 6, 2017). "Miami-Arkansas State
college game canceled due to Hurricane Irma". USA Today.
65. Jump up^ "Florida Vs. Northern Colorado Moved to Saturday at 12
P.M.". University Athletic Assoc., Inc. Retrieved September 6, 2017.
66. Jump up^ "Alcorn State at FIU football game moved to Birmingham's
Legion Field". FBSchedules.com. September 6, 2017.
67. Jump up^ Marc Lancaster (September 5, 2017). "Florida State League
cancels championship series as Hurricane Irma looms". Sporting News.
68. Jump up^ Erik Wasson; Christopher Flavelle (September 5,
2017). "FEMA Is Almost Out of Money and Hurricane Irma Is
Approaching". Bloomberg News. Retrieved September 5, 2017 via
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69. Jump up^ Kaplan, Thomas (2017-09-07). "Senate Votes to Raise Debt
Limit and Approves $15 Billion in Hurricane Relief". The New York
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70. Jump up^ https://weather.com/storms/hurricane/news/hurricane-irma-
caribbean-impacts-puerto-rico
71. Jump up^ Jack Beven (September 6, 2017). Hurricane Irma Public
Advisory Number 28A (Report). National Hurricane Center.
72. Jump up^ Dan Satterfield [@wildweatherdan] (September 6,
2017). "Just saw highest wind speed I've ever seen on a WX ob.
Anemometer at #Barbuda blew away after recording gust to 155 mph.
#Irma" (Tweet) via Twitter.
73. Jump up^ "PM says relief efforts are already underway for A&B". The
Daily Observer. Hurricane Irma Updates. September 6, 2017.
74. Jump up^ Ann M. Simmons (September 7, 2017). "Once there was an
island known as Barbuda. After Hurricane Irma, much of it is gone". Los
Angeles Times. Retrieved September 7, 2017.
75. Jump up^ Kirk Semple; Carl Joseph (September 6, 2017). "Hurricane
Irma: We Will Have Victims to Lament". The New York Times. Barbuda
is devastated, but Antigua is spared. ISSN 0362-4331.
76. Jump up^ Blair Shiff (September 6, 2017). "Hurricane Irma destroys 90
percent of structures, vehicles on Barbuda". ABC News.
77. ^ Jump up to:a b Laura Smith-Spark; Marilia Brocchetto (September 6,
2017). "Deaths reported as Hurricane Irma batters northern Caribbean
islands". CNN. Retrieved September 6, 2017.
78. Jump up^ Ellie Cambridge; Paul Harper (September 7,
2017). "Hurricane Irma latest news - What is its latest path, where has it
hit, where will it strike next and when will it reach Florida?". The Sun.
79. Jump up^ "Hurricane Irma In Pictures [Antigua]". Antigua Observer.
September 7, 2017. Retrieved September 7,2017.
80. Jump up^ "Antigua spared the worst during passage of Hurricane
Irma". Dominica News Online. September 6, 2017. Retrieved September
6, 2017.
81. Jump up^ Abigail O'Leary (September 6, 2017). "Trail of devastation as
Hurricane Irma destroys whole Caribbean island of Saint Martin". Mirror.
82. ^ Jump up to:a b c Joe Barnes (September 7, 2017). "Hurricane Irma
damage update: Shocking extent of St Martin damage". Daily Express.
83. Jump up^ ""C'est un cauchemar" raconte notre journaliste Saint-
Martin". France Tlvisions (in French). September 6, 2017. Archived
from the original on September 6, 2017. Retrieved September 6, 2017.
84. ^ Jump up to:a b Ciara Linnane. "President Trumps and Richard
Bransons Caribbean homes destroyed by Hurricane Irma".
Marketwatch.com. Retrieved September 7, 2017.
85. ^ Jump up to:a b "Irma sme "l'apocalypse" Saint-Barth et Saint-Martin,
au moins 4 morts". La Croix (in French). Agence France-Presse.
86. ^ Jump up to:a b c "Dode en plunderingen op Nederlandse deel Sint
Maarten na orkaan Irma" (in Dutch). Nu. September 8, 2017.
87. Jump up^ Rachel Bishop (September 6, 2017). "World famous Princess
Juliana St Maarten Airport where planes fly just above tourists' heads
devastated by Hurricane Irma". Mirror. Retrieved September 6, 2017.
88. Jump up^ "Hurricane Irma leaves Dutch St. Martin
'unreachable'". Agence France-Presse. September 7, 2017.
89. ^ Jump up to:a b "Ouragan Irma : A Saint-Barthlemy, on a t rays de
la carte ". Le Monde (in French). September 7, 2017.
90. ^ Jump up to:a b "Irma : Saint-Barthlmy, l'le est vraiment anantie,
tmoigne une habitante". Le Parisien. September 7, 2017.
91. Jump up^ "Sea swells dump debris at Castries Waterfront". St. Lucia
Times. September 5, 2017. Retrieved September 5,2017.
92. Jump up^ "Young surfers death comes as a shock". Barbados Today.
93. Jump up^ Alexandra Wilts (September 6, 2017). "Hurricane Irma has
become so strong it's showing up on seismometers used to measure
earthquakes". Independent. Retrieved September 6, 2017.
94. Jump up^ Americas: Hurricane Irma (PDF) (Information Bulletin).
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95. ^ Jump up to:a b Proctor, Kate; Simpson, Fiona (7 September
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as Navy rush to aid of those caught up in deadly storm". Evening
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96. ^ Jump up to:a b c Hurricane Irma: Situation Report 2 (PDF)(Report).
Humanity Road. September 7, 2017. TC-2017-000125-DOM.
97. Jump up^ Eastern Caribbean: Humanitarian Situation Report
#1 (PDF). ReliefWeb (Report). UNICEF. September 6, 2017.
98. Jump up^ "Scale of destruction on Tortola in British Virgin Islands
revealed". Daily Mail. Retrieved September 7, 2017.
99. Jump up^ Leysa Caro Gonzlez. "Reportan cuatro muertes que podran
asociarse a Irma". Primera Hora (in Spanish). Retrieved September
7, 2017.
100. Jump up^ Berkeley Lovelace Jr. (September 7, 2017). "Former
Puerto Rico Gov. Alejandro Garcia Padilla says more than 1 million
without power". CNBC. Retrieved September 7, 2017.
101. Jump up^ "Irma and Harvey should kill any doubt that climate
change is real". The Washington Post. September 7, 2017.
102. Jump up^ "Hot water ahead for Hurricane Irma". NASA Global
Climate Change. September 7, 2017.
External links
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Hurricane Irma

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Hurricane Irma

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article documents a current

Current storm status

As of: 11:00 p.m. EDT September

Location: 21.3N 72.4W 10 nm

About 55 mi (85 km) ENE of Great Inagua

Pressure: 920 mbar (hPa; 27.17 inHg)

Movement: WNW at 14 kn (16 mph; 26 km/h)

See more detailed information.

A VIIRS satellite image of Hurricane Irma on September 3

The NHC's latest public advisory on Hurricane Irma

Storm Surge Watch United States

Video by mayor of Fayetteville, North Carolina Nat Robertson

Saint Thomas 3 0 N/A

Puerto Rico 3 0 N/A

NOAA aircraft flying to the eye of Hurricane Irma on September 5, 2017

Antigua and Barbuda

Rest of the Leeward Islands

This section needs expansion. You

Tropical cyclones portal

List of Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes

The NHC's advisory archive on Hurricane Irma

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