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technical P U B L I C A T I O N

Heat Effects of the Trona System

Heat of Formation of Trona from the Elements
Temp H
F BTU/lb mole

64 1,156,669
77 1,154,160

Heat of Decomposition @ 25 C
Na2CO3 NaHCO3 2H2O Na2CO3 + NaHCO3 + 2H2O H = 7760 cal/gm mole

H2O (l) H2O (g) H = 10520 cal/gm mole

NaHCO3 1/2 CO2 + 1/2 H2O+ 1/2 Na2CO3 H = 15425 cal/gm mole
H = 7760 + 2 (10520) + 15425 = 44225.00 cal/gm mole Trona
352.2 BTU/lb Trona
500.6 BTU/lb Soda Ash

Heat of Solution of Sodium Sesquicarbonate

Heat of Solution @ 25 C in water to give a 0.3% trona solution
= 11190 BTU/lb mole
= 49.5 BTU/lb trona

Heat of Solution @ 25 C in mother liquor to give feed liquor

= 7200 BTU/lb mole
= 32.0 BTU/lb trona
 Heat of Formation from Elements
Temp H
Compound F BTU/lb Mole

Na2CO3 (c) 64 - 487,008

77 - 486,540
Na2CO3 H2O (c) 64 - 614,952
77 - 615,240
Na2CO3 7H2O (c) 77 -1,377,180
Na2CO3 10H2O (c) 64 -1,757,088
77 -1,756,080
NaHCO3 (c) 64 - 409,500
77 - 407,700
CO2 (g) 64 - 169,893
77 - 169,290
CO2 (aq) 77 - 177,642
H2O (aq) 64 - 123,097
77 - 122,976
H2O (g) 64 - 104,087
77 - 104,040

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Heat Formation, Decomposition, and Sodium Sesquicarbonate Page 2 of 8
 Heat Capacity of Sodium Carbonate
T CP CP
C cal/gm mole C cal/gm C

-20 23.63 .2229

-10 24.34 .2296
0 24.99 .2358
10 25.59 .2414
20 26.15 .2467
30 26.66 .2516
40 27.15 .2561
50 27.60 .2604
60 28.03 .2644
70 28.43 .2682
80 28.81 .2718
90 29.18 .2753
100 29.53 .2785
110 29.86 .2817
120 30.18 .2847
130 30.49 .2876
140 30.78 .2904
150 31.07 .2931
160 31.35 .2957
170 31.62 .2983
180 31.88 .3008
190 32.14 .3032
200 32.39 .3055

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Heat Formation, Decomposition, and Sodium Sesquicarbonate Page 3 of 8
Decomposition Pressure of Sodium Carbonate
If anhydrous sodium carbonate is heated, loss in weight due to dissociation and
volatilization begins at 400 C (752 F). Carbon dioxide is evolved as indicated by the
reaction equation.

Na2CO3 Na2O + CO2

The following table lists the decomposition pressure at various temperatures.

C F mm Hg

800 1616 10
990 1814 12
1010 1850 14
1100 2012 21
1150 2102 28
1200 2192 41
1500 2732 760

Sodium Carbonate
Melting Point 854 C (1570 F)

Decomposition Pressure of NaHCO3

C Atmosphere

100 0.96

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Heat Formation, Decomposition, and Sodium Sesquicarbonate Page 4 of 8
Heat Capacity of Solids
Na2CO3 = 0.258 cal/gmC 45 C
Na2CO3 = 0.249 cal/gmC 25 C
Na2CO3 = 0.278 cal/gmC 100 C
Na2CO3 H2O = 0.280 cal/gmC 0 C
Na2CO3 NaHCO3 2H2O = 0.302 cal/gmC _

The heat capacity of Na2CO3 from 300 to 500K can be expressed by the
equation:

Cp = 13.98 + 5.44 x 10 -2 T - 3.125 x l0 -5T 2

For NaHCO3 From 300 to 360 K;

Cp = 10.97 + 3.372 x 10 -2 T

Heat of Formation of Sodium Bicarbonate

From Na2CO3, CO2, and H2O
1/2 Na2CO3 + 1/2 CO2 + 1/2 H2O NaHCO3

@ 18 C

H = [-227, 500] - [1/2 (-270,560) + 1/2 (-94, 385)

+ 1/2 (-68, 387)]

= -10833 cal/gm mole

= - 232 BTU/lb of NaHCO3

@ 25 C

H = [-226,500] - [1/2 (-270,300) + 1/2 (-94,050)

+ l/2 (-68,320)]

= -10165 cal/gm mole

= - 218 BTU/lb of NaHCO3

Negative sign means heat is liberated.

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Heat Formation, Decomposition, and Sodium Sesquicarbonate Page 5 of 8
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Copyright 2004, Solvay Chemicals, Inc. All Rights Reserved.