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Chapter 3
Lecture 14
Stresses in Soil Mass-4
Topics
Figure 13 shows a vertical loading on an infinite strip of width 2. The load increases from zero to q across
the width. For an elementary strip of width , the load per unit length can be given as (/2) .
Approximately this as a line load, we can substitute (/2) in equations (13) to (15)
to determine the stresses at a point (, ) inside the semi-infinite mass. Thus,
1 2 =2 3
= = =0 [ 2 + 2 ]2
= 2 sin 2 (43)
2
1 2 2 ()2 z R2
= = 0 [ 2 + 2 ]2
= 2 2.303 b log R 12 + sin 2
2 2
(44)
1 2 2 2
= = 0 [ 2 + 2 ]2
= 2 1 + cos 2 (45)
2
In several practical cases, it is necessary to determine the increase of vertical stress in a soil mass due to
embankment loading. This can be done by the method of superposition as shown in figure 14 and described
below.
The stress at A due to the embankment loading as shown in figure 14a is equal to the stress at A due to the
loading shown in figure 14b minus the stress at A due to the loading shown in figure 14c.
Referring to equation (43), the vertical stress A due to the loading shown in figure 15b is
+(/)
(1 + 2 )
The values of the influence factor for various / and / are given in figure 15. A typical problem
demonstrating the use of figure 15 is given in example 2.
Figure 15 Influence factor for embankment loading. (After J. O. Osterberg, Influence Values for Vertical
Stresses in Semi-infinite Mass Due to Embankment Loading, Proc. 4th International Conference on Soil
Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, vol. 1, Butterworths, London, 1957)
Example 2. A 10-ft high embankment is to be constructed as shown in figure 16. If the unit weight of
compacted soil is 120/ 3 , calculate the vertical stress due solely to the embankment at , , .
Vertical stress at A: Using the method of superposition and referring to figure 17a.
= (1) + (2)
For the left-hand section, / = 5/10 = 0.5 / = 10/10 = 1. From figure 15, 1 = 0.396. For the
right-hand section, / = 15/10 = 1.5 / = 10/10 = 1. From figure 15, 2 = 0.447. So,
For the left-hand section, / = 0/10 = 0 , / = 5/10 = 0.5. So from figure 17, 1 = 0.14. For the
middle section, / = 25/10 = 2.5, / = 10/10 = 1. Hence, 2 = 0.493. For the right-hand section,
3 = 0.14 (same as the left-hand section). So,
() = (1) (2)
For the left-hand section, / = 40/10 = 4, / = 10/10 = 1. So 1 = 0.498. For the right-hand section,
/ = 10/10 = 1, / = 10/10 = 1. So, 1 = 0.456. Hence,