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Outline
Introduction to Ionizing radiation
Radiation Biology Development of radiobiological damage
Cell cycle
Cell survival curves
Survey of Clinical Radiation Oncology Tissue response and fractionation
Lecture 2
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Development of radiobiological
damage Absorption of radiation
Incident radiation Biological systems are very sensitive to radiation
Absorption of 4 Gy in water produces the rise in
Radiation absorption
temperature ~10-3 oC (~67 cal in 70-kg person)
Excitation and ionization Whole body dose of 4 Gy given to human is
lethal in 50% of cases (LD50)
Free radical formation
The potency of radiation is in its concentration
Brakeage of chemical bonds and the damage done to the genetic material of
each cell
Biological effects
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Dq / D0 radiotherapy
1 ne , Dq D0 ln n N0
S ~ eaDD
2
Two breaks due to
the same event
The dose at which aD=D2, or D= a/
The a/ ratios can be inferred from multi-fraction
experiments
The value of the ratio tends to be
larger (~10 Gy) for tumors and
early-responding tissues
Two breaks due to lower (~2 Gy) for late-responding tissues
two separate events
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Dose-response relationships
Genetic control of radiosensitivity
A number of genes is involved in determining Curves are typically
radiosensitivity of mammalian cells sigmoid (S) -shaped for
In many cases this sensitivity has been related both tumor and normal
greatly reduced ability to repair double-strand cells
DNA breaks Therapeutic ratio (index):
Some of the inherited human syndromes are tumor response for a
associated with high radiosensitivity fixed level of a normal
Ataxia telangiectasia (AT), Down's syndrome, etc. tissue damage
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