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Definition
a unit volume of solvent under specified conditions
Definition
The ratio of concentrations of a substance in 2 Selectively Permeable membranes allow
phases of 2 immiscible solvents at equilibrium solutions to reach equilibrium by allowing
passage of the solvent as well as solutes to a
selected extent, usually based on size
What it means: Membrane Permeability
If one phase of substance A (e.g. Gas) is in
contact with another phase of substance B Semi-permeable membranes allow solutions
(e.g. Blood), and A contains a certain amount to reach equilibrium by allowing passage of
of substance C (e.g. NO), what percentage the solvent only, not solutes, and do not exist
of C will pass from A to B if A and B are of Partition coefficient in the biological world
equal volumes and immiscible Diffusion
I.e. the tendency of a solute to dissolve in
different immiscible solvents (phases) The rate of transfer of a gas across a
membrane is directly proportional to the tissue
surface area and the difference in partial
Annotation: (source, destination) pressures of the gas between the two sides
(concentration gradient), and inversely
proportional to the tissue thickness
Temperature dependent
Ficks Diffusion Equation
V = D.(A/T).P
The ratio of the concentration of an
Eventually V = (S/).(A/T).P
Anaesthetic agent in a certain volume of Ficks Law
blood, to that in an equal volume of gas, in Partition Coefficient
contact with that blood, at equilibrium
A = Surface Area
Blood/gas partition coefficient T = Tissue thickness
P = Concentration Gradient
High Long onset of action and prolonged
elimination time (due to lower partial pressure
of affinity for blood) Membrane Permeability
The lower the better D = Diffusion constant:
Diffusion, Osmosis, Solubility
Properties of the gas (density, solubility)
The ratio of the concentration of an
Anaesthetic agent in a certain volume of
oil, to that in an equal volume of gas, in The rate at which gases diffuse is inversely
contact with that oil, at equilibrium Oil/gas partition coefficient proportional to the square root of their
densities
Diffusion rate 1 / density
Measures potency the higher the better Grahams Law
e.g. Vapor Pressure, Osmotic Pressure, Alveolar factors that will compromise Surface Area e.g. Emphysema
variations in Boiling and Freezing Point diffusion and hence gas exchange
Measures osmotic pressure due to its relation Lung Function test of pulmonary
to a colligative property (freezing point) diffusing capacity
The sample is stirred while being cooled until it Diffusion of a solvent (from hypotonic to
freezes in a slush-like state which is the Osmometer: Freezing point change Definition hypertonic) across a membrane while the
equilibrium between ice and liquid solute remains (semi-permeable membrane)
Osmosis
A highly sensitive thermistor measures the The pressure required to stop flow from one
Osmotic Pressure
very small changes in freezing point side of the membrane to the other