Bin php thi cng cng trnh t mng n hon thin

I. Cng tc chun b
a. nhn mt bng cng trnh, ct mc cng trnh (c bn v v d ton nh
km theo cng trnh), cos cao cng trnh ( phn ny ti s ni r hn vi l
phn quan trng).
b. dn dp mt bng ( c, cy, cc vt dng.....), ng ln tri b vt t v
cng nhn ngh li cng trnh, trng hp nh dn dng hai bn l vch nh
th sn trc tim ct vo hai vch nh mn lm chun, trng hp cng
trnh rng hn th ng gabarie lm tim chun cho bc ct.
c. ly gc chun cho nh chun b xy dng thng ta p dng bnh phng
hai cnh huyn nhn cho cnh cn li ( khng bit ng khng na) thng
thng th vy:
- ly mt cnh nh lm chun sau ging dy nh theo phng trc dc ca
nh ti hai im ny ng gabarie sn, tip theo ging dy nh theo trc
ngang nh bt u ly gc vung nh theo cch sau: mt trc ta ly chiu di
ca thc o l 1,9m;3,1m v trc kia ta ly chiu di l: 2,5m;4,1m v ging
cho hai im li ta c cc kch thc sau : 3m;5m ( thng thng ly gc
ta phi b bt 10cm ca thc bi v 10cm u ca thc khng chnh xc
nhiu)
- tip theo l ly trc ngang, dc ca cng trnh theo hai phng ly gc t
ta ng gabarie vo cc v tr, sau ny hon thin ta cng cn ti n.

Huy ng thit b phc v thi cng:

+Cng tc thi cng t:
Thi cng c gii kt hp th cng. D kin huy ng xe my cc loi sau:
Xe o bnh hi hiu SAMSUNG, SOLAR (KOREA).
Xe xc t hiu KOMATSU.
My bm nc.
My m bn, m di.
+Cng tc b tng:
Dng b tng ti, c ch t nh my sn xut b tng n khi gi in t
hng, loi xe b tng c dung tch 6m3.
My m di, bn, my ct un st, khoan.
My lm mt b tng.
+ Cng tc coffa ct thp:
S dng cc thit b sau:
H thng coffa g kt hp coffa thp nh hnh.
Dng puli cu lp .
My ct, un ct thp.
My hn in.
My ca khoan (BOSCH).
Thit b cm tay (bt vt, bn inh) bng hi v bng in.
Vn khun v ging chng phi m bo: n nh khng bin hnh, cng v

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 bn. Chu c trng lc v p lc mt bn ca b tng mi cng nh
cc lc xut hin trong qu trnh thi cng. m bo kch thc v hnh dng
chnh xc, m bo ng v tr so vi cc b phn ca cng trnh ang thc
hin.
+ Cng tc hon thin:
My trn va.
My Nivo.
My ca, mi hiu BOSCH.
My phun sn.
My ct gch (kh, nc) hiu HITACHI.
My nh bng nn.
+Cng tc mc, vn khun g:
My lin hp.
My bo tay.
My ca tay.
+ Cng tc in nc:
Khoan in cm tay, my o in tr t.
+Thit b trc c, kim tra cht lng cng trnh:
Thit b th nghim ti hin trng.
B dng c kim tra st b tng.
Dng c o m ca ct.
Thng hay vt liu khc ct gi cc mu ct liu, cement.
ng o 100ml, nhit k.
1 my kinh v Leica TC600 (Thy S), 1 my kinh v NIKON (Nht), 1 my
thy bnh LeiCa 820 (Thy S), my thy chun, sng bn b tng.
Khun ly mu b tng theo tiu chun.
Thit b kim tra cng thp, b tng, mc va ti phng th nghim.
1. Cng tc chun b thi cng:
i n gia on thi cng ca cng trnh th vic chun b cc s liu v k
thut, x hi l mt cng tc rt quan trng, n nh hng trc tip n tin
, cht lng v i sng ca cn b, cng nhn thi cng cng trng sau
ny.
+ Cc cng vic cn chun b:
Mt ct a cht cng trnh, tnh cht c l ca cc lp t, ca nn v a
cht thy vn.
Kh nng vn chuyn thit b my mc c gii n cng trng sao cho an
ton v kinh t nht.
Cc ngun vt t cung cp cho cng trnh.
Ngun in nc phc v cho thi cng v phc v cho sinh hot ca cn b,
cng nhn thi cng cng trnh.
Nhng qui nh chung ni cng trnh xy dng.
Chun b h s php l:
Sau khi c thng bo trng thu s tin hnh ngay cc th tc php l:
+ Thng tho i n k kt hp ng kinh t giao nhn thu xy lp.
+ Nhn bn giao mt bng, ct mc, cao chun.
+ Lin h vi chnh quyn a phng lm th tc cn thit a cng nhn,

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 thit b thi cng, vt t n cng trng. Mt khc, kt hp vi a phng
trong cng tc bo v, phng chng chy n v v sinh mi trng.
+ K kt cc hp ng kinh t, hp ng mua bn cung cp vt t v nhanh
chng tp kt ti cng trng.
Nghin cu k h s:
Nghin cu li ton b bn v thit k k thut. So snh cc bin php t chc
thi cng sao cho tit kim thi gian v t hiu qu, m bo cht lng cng
trnh hp l nht v tin hnh lm bng tin thi cng chi tit tng hng mc
cng trnh c th, b tr cn b, cng nhn ph hp thi cng lin tc. Cng
trong thi gian ny chng ta s chun b k kt cc hp ng cung cp vt t
thit b cn thit.
2. Mt bng t chc thi cng:
- Mt bng cng trnh nm trn ng nh Phong Ph, do vt liu, my
mc thit b c vn chuyn ch yu trn tuyn ng ny.
- Hin ti xung quanh khu vc mt xy dng cha cao, xung quanh c ng
trnh tng i trng v c ng giao thng ni b i ngang cng trnh.
- Cc cng tc gia cng lp dng nh thp, vn khun c thc hin ngay
cnh cng trng. Tn dng phn t trng ca cng trnh.
- Cc bi cha vt liu st thp nm gc cng trnh, coffa g, coffa nha
c phn theo chng loi ring cha tng bi ring bit.
- Ngun in phc v thi cng cho cng trnh c s dng t trm c lp
t trn cng trnh.
- Ngun nc phc v thi cng cng trnh s dng ngun nc hin c a
phng.
3. S t chc thi cng:
- S t chc thi cng c b tr ph hp vi c im cng trnh trnh
ca cn b nhm m bo cho cng trnh thi cng ng tin , t cht
lng.
- S t chc hin trng thi cng gm 3 b phn:
+ B phn ch huy chung ti tr s.
B phn ch huy ti cng trnh.
B phn thi cng trc tip.
Mi quan h gia tr s chnh v vic qun l ti cng trng:
B phn ch huy ti tr s v s ch huy ti hin trng thng xuyn ch o,
bn bc, trao i t chc thi cng ti cng trng bng cc bui hp giao ban
hng tun ti hin trng. Cc phng ban ti tr s chnh thng xuyn kim
tra v gip ban ch huy cng trng gii quyt mi vng mc v khi lng,
vt t, my mc, thit b.
Vai tr ca ban ch huy cng trng:
+ T chc ti cng trng bao gm : 01 ch huy trng cng trnh v 01 ch
huy ph ti cng trnh, ch huy trng l ngi trc tip iu hnh thi cng
chung ti hin trng v ch huy ph l ngi thay th khi ch huy trng
vng mt.
+ Ban ch huy cng trng ton quyn gii quyt mi vn trn cng trng
v chu trch nhim trc Cng ty v mi quyt nh ca mnh. Cc trng b
phn phi chu trch nhim trc ban ch huy cng trng v mi vn ca

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 bp hn mnh ph trch v nhn lnh trc tip t ban ch huy cng trng
+Ban ch huy cng trng ca cng ty c giao ton quyn qun l, gii
quyt mi vn lin quan n cng tc v sinh mi trng v thc hin cc
th tc php l vi cc c quan chnh quyn s ti, vi ban qun l bn A v
vi ngi lao ng.
+Ban ch huy cng trng lp ra cc bin php bo m v sinh mi trng
ni thi cng v khu vc ln cn, nh bin php che chn, chng bi, chng
khi, chng n, gy nhim, s dng my mc, thit b ph hp, tun theo
cc qui nh ca Nh nc v ch s ting n, khi
+Ban ch huy cng trng s t chc cho mt nhm lao ng phc v cho
cng tc v sinh mi trng. B phn ny s trc tip thc hin cc cng vic
nh qut dn v sinh cng trng v khu vc ln cn, ti nc chng bi,
thu gom rc trong thi cng
+Ban ch huy cng trng c nhim v gio dc thc chp hnh cc qui
nh v v sinh, bo v mi trng cho lc lng cn b, nhn vin, cng
nhn tham gia ti cng trng thng qua cc hot ng sinh hot, lao ng
hng ngy, cc cuc hp giao ban gia ban ch huy vi i trng thi cng.
Vai tr gim st k thut ti cng trng:
+ B phn gim st k thut c chuyn mn v trnh nghip v ca cng ty
c thnh lp v hot ng rt c hiu qu trong vic qun l, kim tra
cht lng sn phm xy dng. B phn gim st k thut ny c b tr
ngay ti hin trng t khi cng trnh bt u thi cng.
+ B phn ny c quyn v trch nhim kim tra cht lng vt liu, cht
lng bn thnh phm, cht lng thi cng cng trnh theo ng quy trnh th
nghim kim tra. Mi cng tc u c b phn ny kim tra, nghim thu
trc khi mi gim st k thut nghim thu. B phn ny c quyn t chi
mi vt liu khng t yu cu v cht lng chng loi.
Cc b phn xy dng cng trnh:
+ Cc b phn phc v: k thut ca cc n v thi cng, vt t, hnh chnh,
an ton lao ng, trc t, kho c iu hnh trc tip bi ch huy trng v
ch huy ph cng trnh.
+ Cc i thi cng gm: i ct thp, i coffa, i b tng, i hon thin,
i in, i nc, i phc v thi cng trc tip ti cng trng c lnh
o bi nhng k s giu kinh nghim chu trch nhim t chc thi cng theo
chc nng c giao ca i di s ch huy trc tip ca ch huy trng
cng trnh.

4. Cng tc trc c:
+ nh v cng trnh xy dng trong phm vi khu t:
* Cng trnh l nh chung c cho cc s. S lin quan gia cc cu kin cc
b phn rt cht ch nn cng tc trc c cc k quan trng. Cng tc trc
c gip vic thi cng c chnh xc v mt kch thc ca cng trnh, m
bo thng ng, nm ngang ca kt cu, xc nh ng v tr cu kin,
h thng k thutn loi tr n mc ti thiu cc sai s v tim ct, v tr
trong thi cng.
*Cn c theo cc mc bn giao ca n v thit k. Da vo cc li trc

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 chun trn mt bng neo vo cc vt c nh. Cc mc ny c bo qun
gm tt c cc cng vic xc nh, cao cho tng hng mc, cc chi tit thi
cng, t vic lp t coffa cho n cc cng tc hon thin thc hin giai
on cui cng trnh.
+ Lp li trc to trc c:
* Lui trc c c lp da vo cc trc ca cng trnh theo thit k. y l
cng tc quan trng, m bo cng trnh c b tr, kch thc v thng
ng. Cc li trc ca tng trn c lp trn c s li xut pht t tng
trt, cc im ny c chuyn ln cc tng trn theo phng php chuyn
thng ng.
+ Chuyn cao ln tng bng thc thp o trc tip theo mp tng, mp
ct vi sai lch l 3mm, s dng my thy bnh t ng trong thi cng
thng nht v thun li cho vic thi cng cc cu kin, chi tit trn tng cao
c dch +1000 so vi cao hon thin c nh li bng sn ti
tng, vch, ct.
+ Lp li quan st:
+ Cc bc ca cng tc trc c v cc yu cu k thut s c cng ty tun
th theo qui nh tiu chun Vit Nam 3972-85 c th nh sau: khi nhn c
tim mc ca ch u t, s xc nh tim mc trn mt bng. V tr cc tim mc
c bo v bng cch b tng c ro chn m bo khng b m, b mt
trong qu trnh thi cng.
+ Li khng ch thi cng c b tr thun tin theo cc trc trn bn v
m bo cho vic thi cng c bo v lu di m bo chnh xc cao.
+ Cc mc o ln c b tr khong cch m bo n nh v bo v trong
sut qu trnh thi cng. Khong cch cc mc quan trc ln s c thc hin
mt tun trn mt ln c ch n im gia ti nh thm sn, xong phn
xy cc bo co kt qu quan trc s c thc hin dng biu v hon
thnh ngay trong ngy . Bo co c lp thnh 02 b gm cc thng tin
sau:
+ Thi gian quan trc.
+ Tn ngi thc hin quan trc v ghi s liu.
+ L lch thit b o.
+ Mt bng v tr cc quan trc.
+ Cc s liu sau khi quan trc ti cc mc.
+ Cc ghi ch (nu c) ca nhn vin o c.
+ Ch k ca ngi thc hin quan trc, i din n v thi cng, BQLDA.
Ton b kt qu s c trnh cho T vn gim st v lu gi trong h s
nghim thu cc giai on thi cng, hon thnh cng trnh.
+ Cng ty s tin hnh trc c mt cch h thng, kt hp cht ch ng b
vi tin thi cng. Cng tc o c c tin hnh thng xuyn trn cng
trng, bao gm tt c cc cng vic xc nh v tr, cao cho cc hng mc,
cc chi tit thi cng, t vic lp t coffa cho n cc cng vic hon thin
thc hin giai on cui cng trnh.
+ Dng c quan trc gm cc my thuc ti sn cng ty. Tt c u trong
tnh trng hot ng tt c th gm:
+ My kinh v theo 10B ca c.

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 + My thy bnh ca c.
PHN MNG
+ Do cng trnh l chung c nn phn mng cn phi c tnh ton k cn
thn trn c s nghin cu nhng ti liu lin quan v a cht ca t v sc
chu ti cng trnh.
+ Qua tnh ton, nghin cu s liu cng trnh a ra gii php mng b
tng ct thp cho cng trnh l mt phng n hp l.
+ Mng b tng ct thp c gia cng thp, ngay ti cng trng.
+ Mng c ch to gm hai loi mng bng v mng n. Vn khun b
tng mng dng vn khun g gia cng v lp dng.
+ V tr cc mng c xc nh v trnh by trn bn v c nh du trn
mt bng cng trnh.
+ trnh lu lng nc ngm, tri ma lm cn tr qu trnh thi cng nn
b tr nhng mng nh,h thu nc, my bm quanh chu vi h mng
thot nc lm sch h mng.
+ o mng tng khu vc ca tng khi thnh mt h mng chung. Sau khi
o t xong s tin hnh m nn y mng v b tng lt mng.
+ Cu to mng gm hai phn i mng v mng.
Theo cu to trn phn khi mng thnh 02 t thi cng:
t 1: thi cng b tng mng:
+ b tng lt mng 4x6, mc 100, dy 100, rng hn mng theo mi
phng l 100.
+ bng th cng, dng m bn k, xc nh tim mng.
+ Thp dng lm v mng l thp 12a150 c buc thnh li sn
ngoi, khi b tng mng th em vo lp t.
+ Mi ni gia thp c mng v thp v mng phi m bo 30d. Buc cc
vin k vo ct thp theo yu cu lp bo v.
+ Cn chnh ct thp theo tim mng v c nh.
+ Lm thp i mng, mng.
+ Lp v hiu chnh ct thp i mng, mng.
+ Lp vn thnh mng, i mng, mng.
+ b tng i mng mng.
+ b tng mng mc # 250.
+ Lm v sinh lp ct thp, coffa v phn b tng lt mng.
+ B tng c trn bng my trn qu l.
+ Tin hnh b tng bng th cng n y king.
+ Dng m di m k b tng.
- Bo dng b tng mng sau khi .
+ Tin hnh bo dng sau khi 1 bui.
+ Cho ngi ti nc ngy 4 ln trong mt tun.
+ Ph kn mt mng bng bao ti m bo m cho mng.
+ Tho d vn khun mng.
+ Sau khi b tng 01 ngy, tin hnh tho vn khun mng v c mng.
Tho vn khun theo ng yu cu k thut trnh lm st m cu kin.
t 2: Cng tc dm ging mng:
Dm ging mng BTCT mc 200, c cc tit din sau: DK1(200 x 500);

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 DK1a(200 x 300); DK2(200 x 300); DK3(100 x 300).
+ Gia cng lp dng ct thp
+ Ct dc v ct ai c gia cng xng theo kch thc thit k.
+ Thp c buc thnh khung v lp vo v tr.
+ Buc cc vin k dy 30mm vo ct thp m bo chiu dy lp b tng
bo v ct thp.
+ Gia cng lp dng vn khun g.
+ Vn khun c gia cng v ng thnh hp tp kt li.
+ t vn khun vo v tr v iu chnh cho ng v tr thit k.
+ Sau khi iu chnh xong c nh vn khun bng cy g 3x5.
+ b tng mc 200.
+ Lm v sinh vn khun, ct thp.
+ Tin hnh nghim thu vn khun v ct thp dm ging mng.
+ Tin hnh trn v b tng.
+ m k bng m di.
+ Tho d vn khun
+ Sau khi b tng c 01 ngy tin hnh tho vn khun dm ging
mng.
+ Tho vn khun theo ng yu cu k thut trnh lm st m cu kin.

II. Thi cng

a. o t mng cng trnh:
Trong phn ny ta cn chun b nhng th nh sau: my o, xe vn chuyn
t, cng nhn.....
Trong phn ny ti xin nhc n cos cao cng trnh, theo ti khi i thi cng
th ti c mt s kinh nghim nh sau:
- nu cos cng trnh cao hn mt ng t nhin 0,45m th ta nn chn v tr
ngay mp ng ( gi l b va) l cos -1,450 v dn ng nc hoc bn thu
bnh vo n chn cng trnh l cos +1,000 t ta ly cos chun thi cng
o t v chiu cao ca cng trnh.

Trong phn trc ti gii thiu n Cos cng trnh nh th no ri hm nay

tip theo l phn o t mng, hm t hoi, b cha chy.....
Phn ny ty theo a th ca mi cng trnh m theo phng php ca mi
k s cng trnh tnh ton lm sao mi tn tht nh nhn cng, vt t, ca
my phi theo kp. Cn ch khi thi cng nh lin k cn phi c cc c gia
c hai bn mng lin k m bo khng gy ln st mng nh k bn (phi
i hu ta mt lm nha) phng php ny ti thng dng l dng vn thp
nh hnh ng xung nn mng trc khi o t, sau mi thi cng o
t. Trong cng tc o t ny ta nn kt hp lm mt s vic nh sn xut
lp dng st mng, st c ct, st king.
Trong phn sn xut lp dng thp cc bn nn ch tnh ton cn thn bi v
ch sai mt t l i tong cy st khng lm n g c (b ri nn c kinh
nghim) phn st ai th tnh ton cho ng vi tng s ai ct, dm v d:
Ct c tit din l 200 x 300 khong cch bc ai l a 200 fi 6 th ta tnh ton
nh sau: 200 x 300 = 1000cm => ct thp ai fi 6 l 150 x 250 = 800cm, bi

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 v mnh phi tr lp b tng sau khi mi mt bn l 2,5cm, sau khi ta c
chiu di ct mt cy thp ai fi 6 ta nhn s ai ln ri cho cng nhn ct
ai, ch phi vit ln bng cho cng nhn lm ng, v phn thp cu to
(thp gn) th cn ch hn i vi c ct tnh ton sao cho khi b tng
king xong th phi d theo D ca thp v d thp gn fi 18 x 30D =540 th ta
phi cha st l 600cm t mp trn ca king sau ny ta cn ni thp ct
ln sn na, v phn st dm th cn ch im ni st ti nhp th 1/4l nhp,
ti gi th 2/3l nhp.

Phn B Tng
Trc khi sang phn b tng ti xin ni thm phn lp dng ct thp dm
(), st ct, v st sn, th n phn coffa (vn khun), trong phn vn khun
ta nn ch chn vn khun ng chng loi th trng hin nay c rt nhiu
loi vn khun cho bn la chn ( vn p xi hai nc dt, vn khun nha
xi vnh vin tin nhiu, vn khun thp xi tt nhng hay b cong vnh do va
p) ty theo mi cng trnh m k s trng cng trnh la chn, cng
trng ti hay la chn vn khun loi vn p (hnh con rng) loi ny c mt
c im l nh d vn chuyn c th ct ni vo u ct hay u c, c
nhiu loi cho bn la chn 20cm x 4m; 25cm x 4m;30cm x 4m..... vn sn th
ti xi loi bng st 1m x 1m; 50cm x 1m.... cy gng th xi loi 5 x 5... v
xi gin do chng cho sn (cn gi l gin treo) ci ny ngi Nam hay
thi cng nht d lm m d cht cng nhiu... s b qua v coffa n phn b
tng cho ct, dm, sn thng thng b tng cho ct th c mc (#) b tng
cao bng sn, dm cc loi dm lanh t, vng cng vy phng php b
tng bng tay c tnh nh sau: b tng #200 c cng thc tnh nh sau :
nh mc vt t thao tiu chun 1,48 m3 ct, 1, 95 m3 , 0,7 xi mng, cn
cng trng th c tnh nh sau cng thc : 4 ct, 6 , 1 bao xi, ci ny
c phn tch nh sau: 4 ct c ngha l 4 thng B ct.

THI CNG P T TN NN
t c vn chuyn t im n v tr gn mt bng mng.
Lm sn cng tc i qua h ging mng.
Dng xe ra vn chuyn lp h mng t ngoi vo trong.
Ti nc m k.

PHN KHUNG

I. CNG TC COFFA
+ Cng tc coffa l mt trong nhng khu quan trng quyt nh n cht
lng b tng, hnh dng v kch thc ca kt cu. Coffa s dng cho cc
cng tc phn thn l coffa thp v coffa g, coffa c phn loi v tp kt
ring ti cc bi trn cng trng. Trc khi a vo s dng coffa c v
sinh sch s v ph ln mt lp chng dnh. i vi coffa g cn ht sc cn
thn trong ca x trnh lng ph v ch.
+ Coffa c gia cng, lp dng ngay ti cng trng.
+ Trc khi tho coffa, bn B mi gim st k thut bn A n nghim thu b

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 mt ca cu kin.
COFFA CT.
+ Coffa c dng l coffa g.
+ S dng cy chng g trn. ng knh cy chng t 8 10cm.
+ S dng nhng thanh g 5 x 10cm lm ging ngang v dc.

b. COFFA DM, SN
+ Coffa dm, sn bng g.
+ Cy chng g trn.
+ Cng tc coffa c thc hin nh sau:
+ Chun b:
- Bt mc xc nh v tr coffa.
- B tr nhn lc ph hp, thc hin theo ng nhu cu cng vic.
- V sinh mt bng ni s lp dng coffa.
+ Cng tc coffa c thc hin nh sau:
Cn b k thut trc tip ch o cho cc t trng, ch chuyn mn thc hin
cng tc coffa, m bo tht chnh xc theo yu cu k thut. Trnh tnh trng
lp dng xong coffa phi tho d dng li do khng ng yu cu k thut.
Tin hnh lp dng coffa theo bn v chi tit v ch dn ca cn b k thut.
Coffa c lp dng phi vng chc, neo cht vo nhng im c nh, khng
cho coffa b x dch bin dng trong qu trnh b tng.
V sinh coffa sch sau khi lp dng xong.
Cn b k thut phi nghim thu cng tc coffa trc khi tin hnh cng tc
tip theo.
Coffa phi c ti nc v sinh trc khi b tng.

LP DNG COFFA

+ Bo dng, bo v cng tc coffa.

Coffa sau khi c lp dng xong nu cha c b tng th s c bo
k trnh b x dch.

II. CNG TC CT THP:

+ Ct thp c gia cng, lp dng ngay ti cng trng, c tin hnh theo
tng cng vic, tng khu vc nh b ai, un thp, ct thp, ko thng thp
thp c gia cng bng c th cng v bng my. My mc phc v cho
cng tc ct thp trn cng trng v c nhiu loi nh my un, my ct,
my ko thp
+ Thp a v cng trnh phi ng yu cu thit k mi c php s dng.
Ct thp c dng c hai loi l thp gn v thp trn. Tit din c nhiu loi
vi ng knh khc nhau nh 6, 8 ,10, 12 ,14, 16 ,18 vic s dng thp
ng loi l tu thuc vo bn v thit k kt cu cng trnh. Khi gia cng
thp trn phi b mc cn thp gn th khng b mc.
+ Ct thp c gia cng l thp ai, thp m, li thp
+ Ct thp trc khi s dng phi c sa thng, nh sch g thp, c th
dng ba p thng hoc dng my un nn thng. Vi thp c ng knh

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 di 20mm th ta c th ct un bng tay v nu ng knh ln hn 20mm
th ta phi dng my.
+ Thp khi ct ra un phi xc nh thm dn di ca n, yu cu: ct thp
b un gin ra thm 0,5d khi un gc 450, 1d khi un gc 900, 1,5d khi un
gc 1800. on neo ct thp cng trng qui nh l 30d ct thp. Ni ct
thp c hai dng l ni hn v ni bng km buc.

+ Chun b lp thp:
B phn gia cng thp s thc hin ng bn v di s hng dn ca cn
b k thut. Thp sau khi gia cng s c nh s theo ng chng loi v
phn b ti ni cn lp dng. Tin hnh vch mc v tr lp thp. V dinh
thp, dn dp mt bng v tr lp thp. Chun b cc ph kin, tp hp sn v
tr lp thp nh cc k, km buc ng thi b tr nhn lc ph hp vi
yu cu cng vic.

+ Thc hin cng tc ct thp:

Tin hnh lp thp theo bn v kt cu di s hng dn ca cn b k thut.
Ct thp sau khi lp dng phi m bo ng kch thc, ng s hiu thit
k, ng v tr khong cch ca nhng thanh thp v im ni chiu di cc
mi ni. Lu nhng v tr tip gip ca ct vi tng, ct vi lam phi
t thp ch lin kt. Nu pht hin ra nhng sai lch so vi bn v thit k
cn phi chnh sa li ngay nh lch st, qun hay thiu thp ch. S dng c
kch thc theo yu cu m bo dy ca lp b tng bo v theo thit
k nhm bo v cho thp chng li s tc ng ca mi trng xung quanh.
Coffa phi c lp dng vng chc, khng xy ra tnh trng thp b x
lch, chuyn v tr bin dng trong qu trnh m b tng. Sau khi lp dng
ct thp xong phi dn v sing sch s, trnh khng tc ng mnh vo cu
trc thp lp dng phng thp b x lch. Cn b k thut nghim thu
ct thp sua khi lp dng xong khi mi tin hnh cng tc tip theo.
Ngoi ra cng trng cn dng thp lm hng ro bo v an ton cho cng
nhn lm vic v c hn vo cc cy chng st theo cc phng lm h
ging vng chc.
Ct thp sau khi lp dng xong, nu cha b tng phi c bo v k
trnh vt nng ln gy x lch khng ng theo hnh dng, kch thc,
v tr thit k. Trnh cc cht bn nh du m, bi bm dnh vo thp. Ct
thp sau khi lp dng xong phi tin hnh b tng cng nhanh cng tt
trnh cc iu kin bn ngoi thm nhp lm cho thp b g st. Sn phm
b tng sau khi tho coffa nht thit khng c li thp.

* Mt s lu trong cng tc ct thp:

+ Ct thp ct:
Do kch thc, tit din ca cng trnh ln nn ct thp ct khng c gia
cng sn thnh khung thp m c ni tng thanh vo thp ch ct, sau
mi lp dng thp ai v lp to thnh khung ngay ti v tr ct cn t thp.
Di chn ct dng hai thanh thp hn cho gc nhau vi cc thanh thp gc
ca khung thp c nh v tr ct, on trn mt t th dng thp C mc t

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 hai cnh ca thp ai c bn mt nh vy m ct c nh v chnh xc.
+ Ct thp dm:
c ghp thnh tng thanh theo yu cu kt cu theo nguyn tc ct thp
pha trn ca dm ph nm trn ct thp dm chnh v ct thp pha trn ca
dm chnh nm trn ct thp sn. Lp dng ct thp dm mp trn vn
khun dm v khi lp xong ri mi h xung.
+ Ct thp sn:
Ch t thp bin php (hn vo st sn) sau ny buc dy cp ko ct v
chng trt cho cy chng trn sn. t cc k bo m lp bo v sn.

II. CNG TC B TNG:

Cng nh cng tc vn khun, ct thp th cng tc b tng cng gi vai
tr quan trng trong thi cng. B tng s dng phi tun th theo TCVN.
B tng c s dng l b tng thng phm c a n cng trnh bng
xe trn, c a ln sn bng cu thp v mt xe bm ngang cng sut
80m3/gi d phng. Cht lng cc loi ct liu nh ct, , xi mng,
ncthng xuyn c kim nghim theo TCVN. Cc th nghim s
c lu gi np trnh ban qun l xt duyt. Bn sao v xi mng s dng
trn xi mng s np trnh, trong nu r loi b tng c kim tra phn
tch cht lng ti phng th nghim c chc nng c ban qun l chp
thun, bo m ph hp vi yu cu s dng ca cng trnh.

Cp phi b tng s dng cho cng trnh s c lp v np trnh ban qun l

thit k ph duyt. Quy trnh b tng cho tng loi cu kin phi c
gim st cht ch m bo t cht lng b tng cao nht. Cc dng c
che nng, trnh mt nc nhanh, che ma, m b tng phi lun d phng
sn. B tng phi m bo khng b r, khng b phn tng khi m b tng.

+ Thc hin cng tc b tng:

- Tp hp cc s liu, h s, l lch ca ct liu s dng cho b tng (ct, ,
xi mng, thp) khi cc s liu c tp hp y , ng yu cu thit k
th mi c s dng, thit k cp phi b tng theo yu cu ca kt cu cng
trnh. Sau khi c thit k cp phi s ly mu th nghim hnh lp phng 15 x
15 x 15 bo dng mu theo quy trnh k thut sau tin hnh p mu
kim tra cng b tng.
- Ct thp, coffa phi c nghim thu trc khi b tng, xt n tt c cc
lc tc dng (do my mc phc v cho vic b tng gy ra nh m di,
ng bm) khi b tng vo thp v coffa phi m bo khng lm sai lch
v tr thp hay gy n cho coffa lm cho cu kin b bin dng, sai lch so vi
thit k ra. Trc khi phi kim tra k lng, kp thi bt kn cc khe h
gia coffa vi nhau trnh tnh trng b tng chy nc bng giy bao thm
nc, bng keokim tra cc cc k m bo lp bo v b tng. V sinh
sch s phn bn trong v bn ngoi cu kin b tng khng st vt no
trong ngoi cu kin v khi ri s khng ly ra c.
- Vch ct cao , ct nn ca khi theo yu cu thit k. Chun b mt
bng to khong khng thao tc, ng vn chuyn t ni trn n ni sao

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 cho thun li nht, b tng c vn chuyn ti l lin tc khng c
gin on nu khng s nh hng n cng cng nh lin kt ca b
tng vi kt cu thp.
- Chun b cc dng c, thit b b tng nh m b tng, xng xc, x
ngnu cao phi chun b gin do nh khi ct trng hp
vo ban m phi chun b h thng chiu sng phc v cho cng tc b
tng.
- B tr lc lng nhn cng, gim st k thut theo yu cu cng vic.

+ T chc cc nhm thc hin bao gm:

- B phn hng dn ch o: gm cn b k thut, i trng i thi cng.
B phn ch huy ny phi c mt tc trc khi b tng, kp thi pht hin v
x l mi tnh hung xy ra trn cng trng.
- Nhm kim tra: Kim tra li coffa, ct thp, km buc trc v trong
khi .
- Nhm vn chuyn, b tng: b tng c chuyn ti v tr bng bm
b tng hoc bng xe ct kt vn chuyn n.
- Nhm hon thin b mt b tng: m bo sau khi b mt b tng ng
cao thit k nhn phng hoc to dc cho b tng. Trong qu trnh b
tng ch phi m di tht k cho b tng phn b u trong kt cu ( s
dng m di my).
- Vic b tng, hon thin b mt b tng s phi thc hin theo ng yu
cu k thut i s ch o ca b phn hng dn.

+ Mt s lu trong cng tc b tng:

- B tng ct: b tng ct dng b tng thng phm c trn sn mang
n cng trng bng xe trn. T y b tng c cng nhn xc v th
cng tng x b tng vo ct. B tr nhn lc gm ngi xc, ngi vn
chuyn, ngi chuyn, ngi m di v ngi b tng. b tng trn
ct cao th phi bt gin do. m bo phi hp nhp nhng mi thnh vin
thc hin cng vic cho b tng vo ct c lin tc. cao b
tng ct phi nh hn 1,5m do , ta phi cha l trn vn khun ct m
bo ri ca b tng khi ct. Ch m di k cho b tng phn b
u trong ct v trnh r mt b tng. Cc tng trn cao dng cn trc thp
phn b b tng ct.

- B tng dm, sn: do t im Thnh ph xe b tng ch c th vo ban

m v vy cng tc b tng dm, sn c tin hnh vo ban m cho n
sng. Dm, sn c ton khi sua khi nghim thu ct thp, ng in
m trong sn, cc v tr t ng ncxe b tng c t ngoi cng
trnh, c bm ln sn bng vi bm. B tr b tng trn sn gm hai
ngi iu chnh vi bm, mt nhm dn b tng ra cho u v m di.
b tng ti u th m di ti , b tng t trn cao xung ch su trc
sau mi ch cn. Do sn rng nn khi b tng phi to rnh phn
chia mt khi b mt ln thnh cc din tch nh hn . Ch b tng
t gia ra hai bn.

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 Ngoi ra cn b tng thnh b nc, thnh thang my, cu thang

Khi thi cng b tng ct thp phi lm nhiu t, mch ngng gia cc t
phi xc nh trc. V tr t mch ngng sao cho ni lc v tr tng
i nh v phi vung gc vi phng truyn lc nn ca kt cu: i vi ct
th mch ngng t ti v tr tip gip gia u ct vi mt di ca dm, i
vi sn nm th t ti chn m ct, i vi dm xin mch ngng t ti chn
dm xin, i vi cu trc mch ngng t ti vai cu trc hay pha trn cu
trc, i vi dm, sn mch ngng t ngay di chn bn sn, sn khng
sn th mch ngng t bt k v tr no min sao song song vi phng
cnh ngn, sn c sn th mch ngng t nhp sn nm v pha bn
phi. Ch x l mch ngng phi to nhm b mt ca mch ngng.

+ Bo dng tho d coffa:

- Bo dng b tng giai on u s bt u ngay sau khi b mt b tng
cng, khng b v v vic bo dng phi tin hnh lin tc trong 12 gi.
- B mt b tng phi lun gi m bng cch ti nc ln hoc dng vt liu
gi nc ph ln b mt gi cho b tng lun c m.
- Ch c tho d coffa khi cng b tng t yu cu theo quy phm thi
cng v nghim thu. Khi tho coffa khng c lm chn ng v rung nh
hng kt cu b tng. Ngay sau khi tho coffa phi kim tra sa cha tt c
cc khuyt tt nh v, nt, n.

PHN HON THIN

- CNG TC XY:
+ Do tnh cht cng trnh l dang khung b tng ct thp chu lc nn h
tng ch mang tnh cht bao che ch yu, t tham gia chu lc, vt liu c
dng khi xy tng l gch. Tuy nhin, cng cn phi tun th ba nguyn tc
chnh khi xy gch l:
+ Gch xy tng hng phi phng mt, vung gc vi phng ca lc tc
dng vo khi xy hoc gc nghing ca lc tc dng vo khi xy v phng
vung gc vi khi xy phi <= 170 v khi xy chu nn l chnh.
Xy khng c trng mch do cc mch va ng ca lp xy tip gip
khng c trng m phi lch nhau t nht chiu di vin gch c v
phng ngang cng nh phng dc.
Cc mch va xy theo phng ngang v phng dc trong mt lp xy phi
vung gc vi nhau, khng c php xy cc vin gch v hnh thang, hnh
tam gic gc khi xy.
+ V vy, i ng cng nhn thc hin vic xy phi lnh ngh, c chia
thnh t v phn cng lao ng ph hp vi cc on cng tc trn mt bng.
ng thi gia cc th chnh, th chnh vi th ph phi c s phi hp nhp
nhng dy chuyn vi nhau m bo cng vic c thc hin mt cch lin
tc, nhp nhng khng b ngt qung.
+ Cng vic xy c tin hnh sau khi h khung b tng ct thp c
chnh thnh c mt phn hay ton b v coffa sn, dm, ct, h ging chng

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 c tho d, dn dp h khung tng di th khi y ta c th bt u
cng vic xy tng di v c nh th ln cc tng trn.

1. Chun b trc khi xy:

( Chun b vt liu:
( m bo kt dnh tt cho khi xy va xi mng c s dng l hp
phn ca xi mng, ct, nc c trn vi nhau theo mt t l thch hp to ra
hn hp c cng cao chu c nc v ni m t.
( Do cng trnh l nh chung c nn gch c s dng l gch cht lng
cao c cng cao, vung gc thng cnh, khng b nt n c sn xut t
t st to khun v em nung, c giy chng nhn ca cc c quan chuyn
mn kim nghim do kh nng chng li nh hng ca thi tit cao. Gm
gch ng 4 l 80 x 80 x 190 v gch th 40 x 80 x 190.
( S dng xi mng polng holcim mc 200 cn trong thi hn s dng v bo
qun trong kho bi ng tiu chun.
( Ct dng l ct sch, mn khng ln tp cht, kch thc ng u, ng yu
cu trong cp phi va xy. Nu ct khng sch ta phi tin hnh sn loi b
tp cht trong ct.
( Nc sch phi c ly t ngun nc ca khu vc.
( Cp phi va phi c pha trn thch hp, trnh nhng trng hp va non
lm gim lin kt hay va gi gy lng ph. Cht lng ca va xy t
c kim tra th nghim trong phng v trn hin trng xy dng.
( Chun b xy:
Coffa dm, sn, ct v h ging chng c tho ra v dn dp gn gng
m bo khng vng trong qu trnh xy, ng thi to ra mt mt bng
thun li cho vic vn chuyn vt liu xy n ng ch v b tr vt liu khi
xy nh gch, mng h, khi xy ln cao cn phi b tr gin do.
Th chnh v th ph u .
Dng c xy gm bay, thc, dy nh, bn ch, niv.
Xc nh tng xy l loi no 100, 200 hay ln hn xy hp l ng k
thut.
Xc nh tim mc, v tr xy.
Th ph vn chuyn vt liu gch, mng h, gin do li v tr th chnh, sp
chng thch hp trn mt bng xy.
Nu xy trn tng cao th vt liu c chuyn ln bng puli.

2. Trnh t v cc yu cu k thut khi xy:

- Xy t di ln trn, tng chnh xy trc, tng ph xy sau, xung quanh
xy trc, trong xy sau.
- Nu gch kh phi ti nc m bo gch khng ht nc ca va to
lin kt tt khi xy.
- B mt tip gip khi xy phi c trt mt lp h du to lin kt
gia gch v b mt tip gip nh dm, ct.
- m bo cho tng thng v phng th trong qu trnh xy phi ging dy
nh v thng xuyn th qu di.
- Mch va dao ng t 8 12mm, mch va phi nm ngang phi dy hn

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 mch va dc, bo m mch no va. iu chnh tng va pha va thp
nu tng khng ngang phng.
- C hai cch xy l 3 dc 1 ngang hay 5 dc 1 ngang.
- Ch v tr tip gip gia tng v dm th phi xy xin, xy bng gch
inh ng thi cc l trng phi mit h k nhm trnh trng hp nt mp
tip gip ca tng vi d .
- v tr tip gip ca tng vi mt trn ca cng c x l mt lp h
du khong 1cm v xy khong 03 hng gch inh chng nt.
- Khi xy ch cha nhng l trng trn tng lp dng ca, lam gi,
ng in, ng ncsau ny.
- Sau khi khi xy va xong th hn ch cc lc va chm khi xy t
cng t t.
- Nu xy tip ln tng c th cn phi v sinh ti nc tng c trc khi
xy tip.

3. T chc lm vic:
- m bo cht lng vt liu nh xi mng, ct, , gch khi a n cng
trnh c kim tra nghim thu ngay xem c yu cu ra hay cha (xi
mng, gch, ng loi ng mc), nu cha thp hi thay i ngay. V sau
khi khi xy hon chnh cng phi kim tra nghim thu ln na cho n khi
cng trnh hon tt. Cng vic ny do ch huy trng phi hp vi nhng k
s khc trn cng trng m trch. Hn hp va phi c pha trn ng
tiu chun c kim tra cht bng cch ly mu th nghim ngay ti cng
trng sau khi pha trn xong v do, st, ng u ca va xy.
- Cc t i thc hin cng tc xy c th l ca cng ty hoc ngoi c tnh
chuyn nghip c t chc lm vic xy chuyn. Mi t xy ng u l mt
trng nhm, iu hnh cc thnh vin khc trong t xy, chu trch nhim v
khu vc mnh xy. T trng xy phi xc nh s b s lng cng nhn
mnh c sn tm ra bin
php phn t phn on hp l, khi lng trong cc phn t phn on
phi xp x bng nhau trnh gy bin ng v nhn lc v m bo cho xy
khng b gin on na chng.
- Ngi th tuyt i phi chp hnh cc bin php an ton lao ng khi xy,
nht l khi ng trn gin do, lm vic trn cao phi c hnh lang bo v, i
vi cc tng ngoi th phi c li bao che phng vt ri xung di.
- T chc mt bng thi cng phi tin li ph hp gm 03 khu: khu vc thao
tc xy, khu vc cha vt liu v khu vc chuyn tip vt liu. Ba khu vc
ny khng tch ri vi nhau c. c bit l khi lm vic trn gin do th
gin do phi vng, sn cng tc phi chc chn cha vt liu v thao tc
xy.
- Thng thng cho cng vic xy c lin tc th c 01 th chnh th c
01th ph, nu kt cu phc tp, khi lng nhiu th s ngi phi ln hn.
Gch va c chuyn ln tng bng puli; va c trn bng my hoc th
cng c th trn di t ri chuyn ln hoc chuyn xi mng ln tng ang
xy ri trn trn . Cn tin hnh trn kh trc ri sau trn t sau. Th
ph phi cung cp vt liu ch oth chnh xy mt cch y nhm trnh

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 gin on trong thi cng gy lng ph, hiu sut km.

II.CNG TC T TRT:
( bo v, to v thm m cho kt cu tng, dmth ta cn phi tin
hnh t trt.
( C cc loi trt nh trt tng, trt lp lt, trt lp va nn, trt lp va mt,
trt gc, trt cnh gc li, trt lp mt, trt cnh gc lm, trt dm trn

1. Chun b trt:
- Dng c: bay, bn xoa, thc, niv, dy nh Vt liu l va xi mng
mc 75 vi cp phi thch hp.
- Cng vic trt c thc hin sau khi cc kt cu cn t c hnh thnh.
- Cht lng lp trt ph thuc rt nhiu vo b mt cn trt, b mt cn trt
cn phi t mt cng n nh, chc chn ri mi tin hnh trt; i vi
tng th cn phi ch cho tng kh mi trt.
- v sinh sch s bi bn trn b mt trt, nu b mt g gh, li lm th cn
phi c o hay p thm to cho b mt tng i bng phng ri mi tin
hnh trt.
- To nhm cho b mt cn trt va trt dnh vo.
- Nu b mt trt kh qu th ti nc vo.
- Tri bao pha di chn ch trt nhm tn dng li va ri khi trt, trnh
gy lng ph.
- Ngoi ra to bm dnh b mt tt ta nn trt trc b mt kt cu bng
mt lp h du.
- Nu trt b mt ngoi ca tng th phi m bo gin do v sn cng tc
an ton trc khi trt.
- Thc hin xong cc cng vic nu trn ta gm h hay dng inh, gch v
lm du ln mc, phi trn u v cui bc tng trc, sau mi tin hnh
cc mc pha trong. Lm cc mc pha trn ri th qu di lm mc di
v gia tng. Khong cch cc mc v cc pha phi nh hn thc tm
d kim tra phng lp trt. Mt sn thao tc trn gin do v mt sn di
chn gin do phi qut dn sch s trc khi tin hnh cng vic.

2. Trnh t v cc yu cu k thut khi trt:

- Nhn chung k thut trt cc kt cu l ging nhau ch c mt s im ring
ta cn phi lu do tnh cht ca n trn b mt nhm to ra mt lp trt c
cht lng, t yu cu.
- Tin hnh trt trn, dm trc ri ti tng, ct sau.
- Trt theo b dy ca mc nh du. Nn trt th vi ch kim tra dnh
kt cu.
- Chiu dy lp trt t 10 20mm, khi trt phi chia thnh nhiu lp mng t
5-8mm. Nu trt qu dy s b phng, dt, nt thng thng chiu dy ca
mt lp trt nn khng mng hn 5mm v khng dy hn 8mm. Khi ngng
trt phi to mch ngng hnh gy khng thng, ct lp va trt thng gc.
- Thc hin tun t 03 lp trt lt, lp m v lp ngoi.
- Dng va xi mng mc 75.

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 - Lp va trt phi bm chc vo b mt cc kt cu cng trnh; loi va v
chiu dy lp va trt phi ng yu cu thit k; b mt lp va phi nhn
phng; cc ng g cnh ch phi ngang bng hay thng ng.
- Cc lp va trang tr thng c yu cu m thut cao.
- Phi kim tra bm dnh ca va bng cch g nh trn mt lp va trt,
tt c nhng ch bp u phi trt li bng cch ph rng ch ra, mit cht
mp va xung quanh, cho se mt mi trt sa li. Mt tng, b sau khi
trt khng c khe nt, g gh, n chn chim hoc va chy. Phi ch ch
trt di b ca s, g ca, chn tng, chn l, bp, cc ch d b b st
khc. Cc cnh ct, g ca, tng phi thng, sc cnh, cc gc vung phi
c kim tra bng thc. Cc g b ca s phi thng hng vi nhau. Mt
trn b ca s phi c dc theo thit k v lp va trt n sau vo di
khung ca s t nht 10mm.
- Tun th nghim ngt cc nguyn tc an ton lao ng khi lm vic trn gin
do hay trn cao.
- Nhng ch tip gip gia gch vi g cn phi lm nhm b mt g ri mi
trt.
- Khi trt xong th cn phi che y cn thn trnh tc ng ca thi tit, v va
chm do v tnh tc ng vo. Ch bo dng b mt trt, lun gi m cho
b mt trt trong 7 n 10 ngy.
- Trong qu trnh t trt nu pht hin trong va c thnh phn ht ln nh ,
si cn phi loi b ngay.
- Tn dng li va ri bn di c vt lt trt tip.
Thng thng cc t i xy cng m nhn lun c phn trt. Nguyn tc t
chc nhn chung khng khc xy l my.

III. CNG TC LNG:

+ Lp lng c thc hin trn nn b tng gch v, b tng ct thp. Cu to
chung gm lp va m v lp lng mt.
+ Lp va lng c chiu dy t 2-3cm, dng va lng xi mng ct vng mc
75 100.
+ Dng c lng cng nh trt gm: bay, bn xoa, thc, niv, dy di
vt liu dng lng cng nh trt l hn hp va xi mng v ct vng phi
m bo.
+ Trc khi lng kt cu phi n nh v phng, v sinh tht sch kt cu cn
lng, thng thng nn nh rng ta phi chia nh mc tng khu vc
lng, cao mt nn sn phi c kim tra ri cn c vo tng, cc gc
xung quanh thit lp ln mng li cc mc ph hp vi chiu di thc khi
lng.
+ khi lng xong phi ch bo qun b mt lng (che y cn thn) trnh 9id
li tu tin mun i phi lt vn vo lp mi lng xong.
+ Ch cng tc dng h cho lp lng nhm gip lm tng cht lng b
mt lng v vy t 7 -10 ngy u sau khi lng cong phi ti nc dng h.

IV. CNG TC P, LT:

+ Vai tr ca cng tc p lt l nhm tng tnh thm m ca cng trnh, c tc

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 dng bo v cng trnh chng li tc ng ca thi tit bn ngoi. Op c
tin hnh trc lt.

1. Chun b p lt:
+ Chun b vt liu dng p lt l nhng vt liu c ch to sn c my
sc
nh gch men Ceramic, gch men, Granite gch phi ng cht lng,
ng qui cch, khng nt n gi c ng nt hoa vn.
+ Va lt dng l xi mng nguyn cht trn vi nc, ta cng c th pha trn
5% h vi so vi th tch ca xi mng tng do ca va p.
+ Dng c gm: bay, niv, thc, dao ct gch, gi sch, dy
+ Dt b nhng ch li lm trn b mt cn p, cho thm va vo nhng ch
lm m bo cho b mt p bng phng.
+ Kim tra li cao nn nh, phng ca tng cn p lt, sa li bng va
xi mng.

2. Trnh t v cc yu cu k thut khi p lt:

+ p: Dng thc k mt ng nm ngang chn tng cch nn bng
chiu rng ca mt vin gch cn p. Xc nh vin mc hai bn, trt va
vo hai vin mc dnh vo tng. Cn c vo hai vin mc xc nh ng
thng ng, cng dy theo hng thng ng trt va xi mng p gch hng
thng ng. Cng dy theo 2 hng thng ng hai bn p cc hng pha trong,
v c th p cho n ht cao cn p. Cui cng l dng h xi mng trng
ch ln cc khe h ca gch (ch joint).
+ Lt: Trong khu vc cn lt cn kim tra li cc gc vung xung quanh xem
c chnh xc cha. Xp m hng gch xung quanh xc nh vin gch
gc. Ri va lt c nh gch gc bng cao gch cn lt, lt hng gch
pha cnh tng. Cng dy theo hai hng gch cnh tng lt cc hng bn
trong. Cui cng dng h xi mng trng ch ln cc khe h ca gch (ch
joint).
+ Kim tra phng bng thc di khong 2m t p v mt p qui nh l
khng qu 1mm trn 1m chiu di v phng ca b mt p lt, khe h ca
thc v mt p khng qu 2mm.
+ Chiu dy mch p gia hai vin gch theo phng ng v phng ngang
l 3mm i vi tm p c kch thc ln hn 200 x 200mm, 2mm vi tm p
c kch thc nh hn 200 x 200; vi gch men s, gch gm, nhn to
mch va ly theo tnh cht ca phng v kch thc tm p. Cc mch va
ngang dc phi sc nt, u n, no va.
+ Phi chng r ch occ chi tit kt cu thp tip xc vi mt p v cc chi tit
thp gi mt p. Cc chi tit neo gi (inh, cht, mc) phi m km hoc thp
khng r.
+ Ch cn thn khi p lt khng lm bn tm p, v sinh bng gi lau. Trnh
cc lc va chm mnh vo tm p gy v. Hoa vn khi p lt phi khp vi
nhau. Ch joint phi ng mu sc thit k.
+ Trc khi p phi t xong h thng ng v ng dy in ngm, kt cu
p phi chc, trc khi p phi ty sch cc vt dnh du, m trn b mt.

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 + Mt tng trt v mt b tng trc khi p phi nh xm, mt va cement
trt ch p khng xoa nhn m phi kha thnh li qu trm. Khong cch
gia cc vch kha khng c ln hn 5cm v khng c ln hn chiu
rng ca vin gch p.
+ Va m gia kt cu v gch p phi dnh kt tt, khng b bong dp, khi
v trn b mt p khng c tip bp. Tin hnh p li nhng vin gch b bp.

V. CNG TC QUT VI V SN:

+ Cng tc qut vi v sn c thc hin sau khi trt xong nhm lm tng
tnh thm m cho cng trnh chng li tc hi ca thi tit.
+ i vi cng tc qut vi:
Vi s dng l vi ti chn sng lc k v ho nc. Yu cu khi pha nc vi
l khng qu c rt kh qut hoc qu long th khi qut vi s b chy.
Trc khi qut b mt qut vi phi v sinh k v quan trng l phi bng
phng khng c li lm v vy cng tc trt ta phi thc hin tt, to ra b
mt ng yu cu k thut th cng tc qut vi s d dng hn. Ta tin hnh
qut hai lp: lp lt (qut mt n hai nc) v lp mt. Lp trc kh mi
tin hnh qut lp sau. Dung c qut l chi, tin hnh qut ngang v qut t
trn xung (qut tng), qut trn th th a chi song song vi ca. Trnh t
qut t trn cao xung thp, qut trn trc, tng qut sau, qut cc ng
bin, ng gc lm c s qut cc mng trn tip theo. Phi m bo mt
qut khng b loang l, khng l ra vt chi hay git vi ng li trn b mt
lm gim tnh thm m cng trnh, trnh ngi i va chm vo b mt mi
qut lm gim ng u ca mu sc lp bn ngoi. Ch qut vi mt
ngoi tng phi tun th cc bin php an ton lao ng khi lm vic trn
cao. Khi qut nn che y cc b phn khc pha di trnh bn. Cng nhn
qut vi phi c tay ngh cao.

+ i vi cng tc sn nc:
B mt cng trnh c ph ln mt lp sn nc s to ra mt v p hon
m, sang trng.
Trc khi sn nc ngi ta thng nh ln tng mt lp b mastic nhm
to nhn mn cho tng nh vy lp sn nc cui cng s t c yu
cu k thut. Mt s yu cu k thut ca lp sn b mastic: phng, nhn,
bng, khng r, khng bong rp b dy lp b khng qu 3mm, b mt mastic
khng sn ph phi u mu.
+ Cc li k thut thng xy ra vi lp mastic nguyn nhn v cch khc
phc:
+ Lp mastic b bi phn:
+ Nguyn nhn: Do b mt p dng b qu kh, nc trong hn hp nho
b ht ht vo b mt, do qu trnh ninh kt (chn) ca hn hp khng xy
ra nn lp mastic bin thnh bi phn. C th khi pha trn dng lng
nc qu thp cng vi vic trn khng u cng gy ra hin tng trn.
Cng c th khi pha trn xong thi cng ngay, khng ch cho ho cht pht
huy tc dng.
+ Khc phc: Buc phi co b ht lp mastic ny, lm sch bi bm bng

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 nc v chi c, Chun b b mt tht k, nu b mt kh qu th nn lm m.
Lng nc pha trn cn theo ng t l l nc 1, bt 3 (trong khong 16 -18
lt nc sch cho mt bao 40kg). Trn cho tht k v ch t nht l t 7 n 10
pht cho ho cht pht huy tc dng sau quy li mt ln na ri mi bt
u thi cng.
+ Lp mastic b nt chn chim:
+ Nguyn nhn: Do lp mastic ny c trt qu dy, vt dy cho
php l 3mm.
+ Khc phc: Co b ht nhng ch nt chn chim. Nu b mt vng ml
m su qu, th nn dng h xi mng t thm cho tng i phng, ri trt lp
mastic mi.
+ Ngoi sn nc cho cng trnh, sn cn dng sn ca i, ca s, nhng
cu kin cn trang tr muTrc khi qut phi lm v sinh sch s b mt
cn sn khng bi bm vo lp sn cn t. Chn sn ng loi cng trnh
ra. Khng nn qut sn vo nhng ngy nng qu (lp sn ngoi s kh
trc lp sn trong khng m bo cht lng) hoc lnh qu (sn lu kh).
+ Sn c qut lm nhiu lp. Trc qut lp lt sau qut lp mt. Lu
l lp trc kh mi qut lp sau. Phi bo qun tt khi sn cn cha kh.
+ Chn hng qut sao cho lp cui cng phi theo ng thng ng i vi
tng, hng nh sng t ca vo i vi trn, theo chiu th g i vi mt
g.
+ Cc li k thut thng xy ra vi sn nc:
+ Mn sn b r: Trn b mt mng sn c nhng ht hoc r.
+ Trng hp c ht: Do c nhng vy hoc nhng mu sn kh. V cc
nguyn nhn sau: Sn b kh trn thnh vt cha sn khi thi cng hay do bi
bn bm vo. Sau khi thi cng ln trc khng ra sch dng c thi cng
cc vy sn st li. V sinh b mt khng k, li trn b mt nhiu bi (sau
khi x nhm lp mastic).
+ Trng hp c l: do pha sn qu long to ra nhiu bt kh. Khi thi
cng th bt kh hin din trn mng sn. Khi kh v ra thnh l. Nu l sn
dung mi - sn du th do x l b mt cn sn khng c k.
+ Mng sn b nhn: Sau khi kh mng sn b nhn nheo, sn si, khng
mt, phng.
+ Con ln (roller) khng thch hp: Con ln c lng qu di s to nn b mt
c vn ln sn si. Sn qu dy hoc sn khng u, ch dy, ch mng lm
cho sn khng kh cng lc. B mt bn ngoi kh trc, lp bn trong vn
cha kp kh nn b mt ngoi b nhn. Sn di tri nng gt, lp ngoi b
kh qu nhanh, lp bn trong cha kp kh nn b mt ngoi b nhn. Sn
xong gp tri lnh, nhit gim t ngt cng lm cho lp trong kh chm
v lp ngoi kh nhanh.
+ Mu sn khng ng nht: khi ch dng mt loi sn mu nhng khng u
mu.
+ Do khng khuy u thng sn trc khi ln. Th thi cng khng u tay.
Dng c thi cng khc nhau. Dm v khng kho lo. Mi ln thi cng sn
c pha long vi mt t l khc nhau.
+ S phn ho: B mt mng sn c bt trng.

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 + Dng loi sn r tin, t l cht n/ cht to mng cao. Tia t ngoi v thi
tit nh hng xu n mng sn. Do pha sn qu long lm gim kt dnh
ca sn.
+ Mng sn b phng rp: Sau khi kh, hnh thnh ti (bng) kh trong mng
sn.
+ Do b mt sn thng xuyn b m t. Do thi cng trn b mt qu m.
iu kin thi cng khng m bo: nhit thp, thi tit qu m t. Thi
gian sn cch lp qu ngn. i vi sn dung mi: Do nhit qu cao dung
mi bay hi nhanh trn mng sn cha lin kt.
+ Mng sn b bong trc: Sau khi kh, mng sn b bong trc, c hai hin
tng: trc ton b lp mng, trc 1 hoc hn 1 lp mng.
+ X l b mt khng tt, cn bi bm hay cc cht lm gim bm dnh
nh du, m, spThi cng khng ng h thng, khng s dng sn
ltDo mng sn b phng rp hoc phn ho. Dng lp sn h dung
mi mnh hn h dung mi ca lp sn trc. Thi cng di iu kin s to
mng b cn tr nh nhit qu cao hoc qu thp hoc c nhiu gi lm cho
mng sn bay hi qu nhanh.
+ Mng sn b nt n: Sau khi kh, mng sn xut hin nhng vt rn, vt
nt.
+ S dng loi sn r tin, cht lng qu thp. Pha qu long hoc ln sn
qu mng. Dng hai lp sn c co dn khc nhau. S dng lp mastic
khng t cht lng, d b rn, nt. Kt cu vt cn sn yu. V d nh mng
b ln, tng b x.
+ Mng sn b ru mc: Sau khi kh, trn mng sn nhng m, vt mc en.
+ Do b mt cn sn b m. Sn lp sn ln b mt b mc sn m khng
qua x l. Sn lp sn qu mng hoc ch sn mt lp, khng cht lng
chng mc cn thit. Dng sn ni tht em sn ngoi tht.
+ Mng sn b mt mu: Sau khi kh mt thi gian, mng sn b nht mu
hoc mt hn mu.
+ Mng sn b phn hy di tc dng ca tia t ngoi v nhit cao. Dng
sn ni tht em sn ngoi tht. B chy do kim ho: do khng dng lp sn
lt chng kim. Nh sn xut dng mu khng ph hp mc ch s dng.
+ Mng sn b chy kim ( kim ho): Mng sn b mt mu, c nhng m
loang.
+ Do kim ca h, va qu cao tn cng vo lp mng sn, lm suy yu
cht kt dnh, dn n mt mu v xung cp ton b mng sn. Do lp va
h qu ti hoc lp mastic c kim cao. Khng dng lp sn lt chng
kim.
+ Mng sn b mui ho: b mt mng sn c mt lp cht trng nh mui,
thng gp nht l sn mu m.
+ Do thi cng trn b mt tng mi v m. S hnh thnh mui canxi CaCO3
do m v ma ng li trn b mt mng sn.
+ Mng sn b x phng ho: B mt mng sn b nht v bin mu, thng
xy ra sn dung mi.
+ Do h va mi c kim cao phn ng vi sn. Do x phng hoc kim
ng li trn mng sn mt thi gian di.

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 + Mng sn b lch mu: khi dm v b lch mu.
+ Do s dng sn khc mu dm v. Lp lt khng u hoc khng lt,
nn khi dm v ging nh sn lp th hai l lp th nht. S dng dng c thi
cng khc nhau dm v. Nhit khi dm v khc vi khi sn cc lp sn
trc. Ngi thi cng c tay ngh km. Nh sn xut kim sot mu khng k.

+ Mng sn c ph km: B mt mng sn khng che ph ht lp nn.

+ Pha sn qu long. S dng loi sn r tin. Gia cng khng ng qui trnh.
Tay ngh thi cng thp, ln khng u.
+ Mng sn b chy: B mt mng sn khng bng phng. Do v sinh b mt
cn sn khng k, cn st li nhiu bi ca lp mastic. Pha sn qu long, tay
ngh thi cng km.

VI. CNG TC GIA CNG, LP T CA:

y l cng vic c nhiu c th ring v yu cu v cht lng, m thut
cao, nn t vic ch to, lp dng, bo qun u phi cn thn t m v chnh
xc m bo bn vng v an ton.
b ca ca phi tho cc yu cu sau:
+ bn c hc.
+ bn chu p lc gi.
+ bn chu thm nc.
+ lt khng kh.
+ Bin php chng cn trng, nm mc.
+ Vt liu ca:
Vt liu g, st, nhm theo yu cu thit k. Ring vt liu g m ca g
gia cng ca t 13% n 17% nh qua l sy.
+ Cht kt dnh: yu cu m bo gn cht cc mi lin kt ca khung cnh,
bn, chng m, ch s dng cht kt dnh khi gia cng cc chi tit g c m
<= 15%.
Ca c gia cng ng thit k v kiu dng, kch thc, mt ct v ph
tng ca.
+ Lin kt cc thanh ca, khun ca, khung cnh bng mng, cht v cht kt
dnh to thnh khung cng, hn ch vt, ke cha ra ngoi lm mt thm m.
+ Lin kt khung ca vi tng bng cc u mt chnh nh, bt st
hoc vt n.
+ Np ca c dy khng i sut dc thanh, mu sc ho hp mu ca,
lin kt vi ca bng inh vt.
Ph tng ca: S lng, chng loi, kch thc, phng php c nh tng
loi ph tng theo ng yu cu thit k, ng mu m c thng nht
trc.
Khi lp t ca t ng cao v kch thc thit k, thng ng, vung
gc, khng cong vnh.
+ Lp t khun ca khi thi cng khi tng, bn l, bt st lin kt vi khi
xy bng va xi mng ct vng.
+ B ca sau khi lp c c nh tm cho khi lp va gn kt vi tng t
cng chu lc.

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 m bo bao bc kn ca lp cht bn khng bm vo.

VII. CNG TC CHNG THM, CHNG NNG MI, SN:

t ng thot nc ma cho mi nh theo thit k
Quanh chn ng thot phn tip gip vi nn sn phi c chn k bng cao
su tng hp chuyn dng.
+ Ming thu nc ca ng thot t ti cui chiu dc nc ca sn.
+ Ming thu nc ca ng thot t cng mt lc khi b tng sn.
+ t li chn rc trn ming thu ca ng thot.
+ Chn ng thot nc cn c x l d dng ly rc ra khi ng khi cn
thit.
+ Cn kim tra nh k tnh trng v sinh trn mi.
+ Ngm nc xi mng 8kg/m3, 7 ngy m, 2 gi khuy 1 ln cho sn b tng
cn chng thm.
+ lng va theo ng dy, dc v mc va, ng quy trnh chng thm
thit k yu cu:
Lng bng cch cng ging dy gn tick hai u v mt s im, tri lp
va ng dy yu cu. Dng bn xoa g v u v xoa phng. Bo dng
m trong thi gian 7 ngy.
Mi lp lng v qut chng thm c chng ln sn khu dng nc u vn
ln khi chn tng >30cm chng nc thm qua tng.
+ m bo yu cu chng thm tt, lp b tng chng thm c thi cng
trnh t nh sau:
Thnh phn b tng chng thm theo cp phi thit k.
m b tng bng my.
Bo dng tt.

VII. MT S VN V T CHC THI CNG TRONG CNG TC

HON THIN:
So vi cc cng tc khc trong xy dng cng tc hon thin khng t nng
v vn chu lc cho cng trnh nhng li i hi khc khe v thm m v
vy i ng cng nhn lm cng tc hon thin phi c tay ngh cao, c con
mt thm m su. Ngi ta vn ni ngnh xy dng l mt trong 10 ngnh m
thut ca th gii v s rc r ca n v hnh thc s lm cho b mt ca
thnh ph, ca t nc c nng ln. Ni nh th ta mi bit c tm
quan trng ca cng tc hon thin v nhng ngi to nn n. Do tnh cht
m quan m cng tc hon thin c lm sau cng.
Thng thng cng nhn lm cng tc hon thin tnh cng theo m2, cc t
i ny l chuyn nghip thng l ca cng ty hoc cng l t i ngoi.
T chc t i thng l mt ngi t trng v cc thnh vin khc, b tr
mi ngi lm vic mt khu vc c th khc nhau. Ngi t trng phi
thng xuyn kim tra cng vic ca cc thnh vin trong t kp thi pht
hin nhng sai st, nhc nh nhng sai st t tm ra hng gii quyt hp
l. C th c nhiu t i cng lm cng tc hon thin song song vi nhau
nu cng trnh ln, i hi thi gian. Khi hon thin th tin hnh theo trnh t
t trn xung v t trong ra ngoi vi cc khu hon hoan thin nh lng,

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 trtDng c v my mc phc v thi cng cho cng tc hon thin c
chuyn mn ho cao nh my khoan l gch, my mi tng phng
cao
Cng nhn lm cng tc hon thin phi tun th cht ch cc nguyn tc an
ton lao ng c bit l trong sn nc cng trnh khi phi lm vic vi gin
do trn cao. H gin phi vng chc, nu l thang dy th phi vng vng.

***** CC SAI S CHO PHP THEO QUY PHM:

Sai s cho php: Theo TCVN 4453-87 nhng c thm yu cu ngoi tr khi
c ghi ch c bit trong bn v hay phn khc ca yu cu k thut, sai s
cho php ca vn khun thi cng s khng c vt qu gii hn nh sau:
1. Sai s so vi thit k chiu di:
a. ng thng v mt phng ca ct, tng:
- Di <3m sai s 6mm.
- Di <6m hay trong cng 01 tng lu sai s 9mm.
- Di <12m hay trong cng 01 tng lu sai s 18mm.
b. Ct, khe ni nhng ng nt trang tr:
- Di ti a 6m sai s 6mm.
- Di ti a 6m sai s 9mm.
2. Sai s v v tr ca tng, ct so vi v tr thit k ca trc:
a. Sai s v cao sn cng tc, sn nh vn phng, trn nh cc tng.
- <3m sai s 6mm.
- <9m sai s 9mm.
- <12m sai s 12mm.
b. Sai s v mt bng so vi thit k
- Trong 01 nhp ct <6m sai s 12mm.
- Trong 01 nhp ct >6m sai s 24mm.
Khi thi cng ch thc hin trong ranh gii t.
Sai s v v tr cc l hng trn sn, tng (k c li i, ca s) : 24mm.
c. Sai s ct thp:
Ct thp ca cu kin c dy b tng ph mt nh hn 20mm 8m.
Khong cch gia gia cc thanh thp 12mm. Cc cng tc nh gia cng ct
thp, sn chng r, sn ph mt ngoi, chiu di ng hn, cng cc mi
hn, chiu dy ng hn s c thc hin theo ng TCVN.
d. X l b mt:
Tt c cc cu kin thp s c lm sch b mt, co ht r st (nu c) trc
khi sn chng r. dy lp sn ti thiu 50 m v c ch ti cng trng
sau khi sn chng st ti thiu 48 gi sn cho tht kh.

AN TON LAO NG

Trong cc ngnh k thut c bit l trong ngnh xy dng vn an ton lao

ng trong lc thi cng, sn xut lun l vn quan trng c t ln hng
u. Ch c mt hoch nh an ton lao ng c th, c hiu qu cao mi gip
cho ngi lao ng c mt tm l vng vng hon thnh nhim v c giao,
to ra sn phm c cht lng tt.

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 Thng thng trong xy dng ngoi i ng gim st v mt k thut cn b
tr thm mt i ng gim st v an ton lao ng trn cng trng. i ng
ny lm t nhm k s c chuyn mn v an ton lao ng c o to cc
trng, c giao nhim v thit lp cc bin php lm vic an ton, nhc nh
ch dn ngi cng nhn trong nhng trng hp lm vic m h khng lng
trc nguy him nhm m bo tnh mng cho h gp phn khng nh vo
vic hon thnh cng trnh ng tin v khi xy ra tai nn lao ng cng
trnh c khi phi dng xy dng tip.

T chc b my lm cng tc an ton lao ng trn cng trng gm mt

trng nhm v khong 03 thnh vin khc. Mi ngi chu trch nhim v
mt khu vc c th trn cng trng m bo cc iu kin tt nht cho cng
nhn lm vic c an ton.
Nhim v ca nhm gim st an ton lao ng:
- Chu trch nhim chnh v an ton lao ng trong khu vc c phn cng
gim st.
- C quyn nh ch cng vic khi c s mt an ton trong khu vc gim st.
- Tuyn truyn, ph bin cc quy tc an ton lao ng cho cng nhn thc
hin.
- Kim tra n c hng dn an ton khi thi cng cc b phn sn xut theo
khu vc c phn cng.
- ra cc bin php an ton c th trn cng trng.
- Pht hin kp thi nhng trng hp vi phm v an ton ca cng nhn, bo
ln ch huy trng cng trnh c hnh thc k lut c th.
- Nhc nh cng nhn trang b bo h lao ng khi lm vic.
- Nhim v ca ch huy trng cng trnh:
Thnh lp t an ton lao ng, phn giao trch nhim c th cho tng thnh
vin trong t.
Thc hin nghim chnh cc vn bn php lut cng nh cc quy phm m
Nh nc ban hnh.
Thc hin nghim chnh cc vn bn ch th ca cng ty.
T chc cho ngi lao ng trn cng trng c k hp ng lao ng,
hun luyn an ton lao ng, kim tra sc kho, t chc b phn y t cp cu,
b phn phng chy cha chy cng trng.
Lp s theo di, ghi chp nht k cng trnh.
Hng dn kim tra nhc nh thc hin cng tc an ton lao ng trn cng
trng qua cc cuc hp giao ban.
Khen thng nhng c nhn tp th lm tt cng tc an ton lao ng, ng
thi x l k lut nhng trng hp vi phm.
Tip thu kin cp di v tm hng gii quyt thch hp.
Nhim v v trch nhim ca ngi lao ng:
Nhn thc ng n cng tc bo h lao ng bo v li ch cho gia nh,
c nhn v x hi.
Cn thn lng trc nhng nguy him trong cng vic mnh ang lm.
Tun theo s phn cng ca ngi c trch nhim trn cng trng.
Lm tt cng vic ca mnh, khng lm ba, lm u, khng lm nhng cng

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 vic m mnh khng c chuyn mn.
Loi b t tng tr th c nhn d6 gy ra ti nn ng tic, on kt cng
mi ngi lm tt cng vic.
C quyn t chi khi iu kin lm vic khng m bo an ton.
Phi c tinh thn trch nhim cao, kp thi pht hin gp ngn cn nhng
trng hp vi phm quy tc an ton lao ng.

QUY TC AN TON PHNG TAI NN VT RI, TRN

CNG TRNG XY DNG:
Cng trng xy dng phi c cc phng n thi cng, cc bin php an ton
lao ng phng tai nn vt ri .
Khi lm vic trn cao phi c ti ng dng c thi cng, khng c b trong
ti qun o. S dng dng c ngh, my mc thit b, phng tin bo v
c nhn (nh nn bo h lao ng),ng chng loi c cht lng tt
m bo an ton ph hp vi cng vic v iu kin lm vic. Khng a
nghch, tung nm dng c, vt liu hay bt c vt g trong khu vc thi cng.
Khi gin do cao hn 6m, phi c t nht hai tng sn. Sn thao tc bn trn,
sn bo v bn di. Khi lm vic ng thi lm vic trn hai sn th gia hai
sn c sn hay li bo v. Sn cng tc bn trong nh xy, th bn ngoi
nh phi t ro hoc bin cm, cch chn tng 1,5m nu xy cao
khng hn 7m hoc cch chn tng 2m nu xy cao ln hn 7m. khng
c thi cng cng mt lc hai tng hoc nhiu tng trn mt phng thng
ng nu khng c thit b bo v an ton cho ngi lm vic di.
Khi tho d coffa phi tho d theo trnh t hp l, phi c bin php
phng coffa ri hoc kt cu cng trnh b sp bt ng, phi c ro chn v
bin bo cc l hng ca cng trnh. Coffa sau khi tho d phi c nh inh
v xp vo ni qui nh, khng coffa ln sn cng tc, chiu ngh ca cu
thang, ban cng, cc mt dc, cc li i st cnh l hng hoc cc mp ngoi
ca cng trnh hoc nm coffa t trn cao xung.

Cc h cu thang, mp sn tng, l tngphi c lan can, ro chn, bin

bo, lui bo v che y. Cc li i qua li pha di gin do v gi phi
c che chn bo v pha trn, Trong phm vi c ngi thng lm vic gn
cc khi nh cao tng phi c sn, li bo v bn trn trnh vt liu, dng
c t trn cao ri vo ngi.
Khi chuyn vt liu tha, vt liu thi t trn cao trn 3m xung phi c mng
trt hoc cc thit b nng khc. Ming di mng trt t cch mt t
khng qu 1m. khng c vt liu tha, thi t trn cao xung khi bn
di cha c ro chn, cha t bin bo v cha c ngi cnh gii. Cc vt
liu, dng c trn mi phi c bin php chng ln, trt theo mi dc, k c
trng hp do tc ng ca gi. Khng xp ti ln gin do, gi , thang, sn
cng tckhng ng ni qui nh.

Khng i vo vng nguy him, ni ngn ro, ging dy hoc bin bo

trng hp lm vic trong vng nguy him phi thc hin cc bin php an
ton thch ng. Trong qu trnh cu lp, khng c ngi ng, bm trn

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 kt cu, cu kin i qua pha trn u ngi. Sau khi buc mc, phi nng ti
ln n cao 20cm ri dng li kim tra mc cn bng v n nh ca ti.

QUY TC AN TON S DNG THIT B NNG:

Thit b nng ch c a vo s dng sau khi c kim nh k thut an
ton t yu cu v ng k s dng theo ng quy nh.
Cng nhn iu khin thit b nng phi c o to (c bng hoc giy
chng nhn iu khin thit b nng ng vi chng loi thit b), hun luyn
k thut an ton, c cp th an ton v c quyt nh b tr iu khin thit
b nng bng vn bn.
t cn trc phi h cc chn chng, k lt chng ln bo m n nh ca
cn trc.

Phi m bo khong cch nh nht t thit b nng hoc ti n ng dy

in nh sau:
1,5m i vi ng dy c in p n 1KV
2,0m i vi ng dy c in p n 1-22KV
4,0m i vi ng dy c in p n 35-110KV
6,0m i vi ng dy c in p n 220KV
9,0m i vi ng dy c in p n 500KV
Phi m bo khong cch t phn quay ca cn trc n chng ngi vt t
nht l 1m.
Phi c ngi nh tn hiu cho thit b nng. Nu li cn cu th nhn thy ti
th tn hiu do cng nhn mc cp thc hin.
Phi thng xuyn kim tra tnh trng dy cp thp ca thit b nng, xch
buc ti. Nu c du hiu h hng b dp, b mn, n, r stqu tiu chun
cho php th loi b. Kt qu kim tra phi ghi vo s theo di vn hnh thit
b.
Phi c phng php buc mc ti an ton bo m ti khng tut ri trong
qu trnh cu chuyn. Cng nhn mc ti phi c o to k thut mc ti
v phi c th an ton.
Khi thi cng cu bng phng n s dng hai cu th phi c phng n thi
cng, phi c gii php an ton c tnh ton v ph duyt ng qui nh. Ti
phn b ln mi thit b nng khng c ln hn trng ti. Phi giao trch
nhim cho ngi c kinh nghim v cng tc nng chuyn ch huy trong qu
trnh nng chuyn.
Khi thit b nng hot ng:
Cm ngi ng gia ti v chng ngi vt. Cm ng di vn tay cn
ca cn trc, k c trong bn knh tay cn ri xung khi b t dy chng v
khng gian pha trc, sau mm xe ca thit b nng.
Cm cu qu ti trng cho php ca thit b nng.
Cm nng h ti ln thng xe t khi c ngi ng trn thng xe.
Cm cu ti trng thi dy cp xin, cm ko l ti trn mt t.
Cm cu ti b vi di t, b vt khc ln hoc b lin kt vi nn mng
v vt khc.

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QUY TC AN TON LM VIC TRN CAO TRONG XY DNG:
Cng nhn lm vic trn cao phi m bo tiu chun v sc kho, c giy chng nhn
ca c quan y t cp, phi s dng y cc trang b phng tin bo v c nhn khi
lm vic trn cao nh dy an ton, nn nha cng, vn lt, thankhng c b tr
ph n c thai, ang cho con b, tr em di 18 tui lm vic trn cao.
Nhng ging hm h trn mt bng v l trng trn cc sn tng cng trnh phi c y
kn v ro ngn chc chn. Ti v tr sn cng tc hoc li i li trn cao nguy him phi
c lan can bo v, lan can bo v phi cao 1m v c t nht hai thanh ngang c kh nng
gi ngi khi b ng.

Thang di ng phi m bo chc chn: chiu rng chn thang t nht l 0,5m thang
khng b mt, on cong khi a vo s dng, chiu di ca thang phi thch hp vi
cao cn lm vic. Thang phi t trn mt nn bng phng, n nh v chn gi chc
chn. Khng tc thang nghing vi mt phng nm ngang ln hn 600 hoc nh hn 450.
khi ni di thang phi dng dy buc chc chn v u thang phi neo buc vo cng
trnh, phi kim tra tnh trng an ton chung ca thang trc khi s dng.

Phi lt vn hoc thang trn mi nh lp tole Fibr ximng hoc tole nha cho cng
nhn di chuyn lm vic. Nghim cm i trc tip ln cc tm tole Fibr ximng, tole
nha.
Khi lm vic trn mi c dc ln hn 250 cng nhn phi eo dy an ton, phi s
dng thang gp t qua b nc i li an ton.
Khng s dng gin do, gi , ni, thang khi khng p ng c nhng yu cu k
thut v iu kin an ton lao ng nh khng y cc mc neo, dy chng hoc c
neo vo cc b phn kt cu km n nh nh lan can, mi ua, ban cngcng nh vo
cc v tr cha tnh ton chu lc c lc neo gi. Khi s dng phi theo ng chc
nng ca chng.

Cm xp ti ln gin do, gi , ni ngoi nhng v tr qui nh.

Khi lm vic t cao 2m tr ln hoc cha n cao , nhng di ch lm vic c
cc vt chng ngi nguy him th phi trang b dy an ton cho cng nhn hoc li bo
v nu khng lm c sn thao tc, sn lm vic bn trn, sn bo v bn di.
Cm ng trn cc kt cu, cu kin lp rp cha c n nh chc chn, li i li trn
cc b phn lp rp phi theo ch dn trong thit k.
Khng ung ru bia, s dng cc cht kch thch mnh nh thuc lotrc v trong
qu trnh lm vic trn cao.
GII PHP PHNG IN CHM MT (trong li in h th c trung tnh ni
t trc tip)
Bo m in tr cch in ca thit b khng nh hn 0,5 M(. Mi thit b in phi c
l lch my v c nh k kim tra o in tr cch in (6 thng hoc 1 nm/ln).
V kim loi ca my in, t lnh in, b phn truyn ng ca thit b inphi
c ni khng.
Dy khng bo v (k hiu P.E) l dy dn t im trung tnh ca my pht in hoc
my bin p (i vi mng in xoay chiu 3 pha) hoc t u ra c ni t (i vi
ngun 1 pha).
Dy P.E phi c tit din khng nh hn 0.5 tit din dy pha.

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Trn cy pha phi t thit b bo v (chu ch, CB) v m bo iu kin dng in
ngn mch (dng in trong mch dy pha dy P.E) khng nh hn 3 ln dng in
danh nh ca cu ch, p t mt :Inm >= 3Icc.
Dy khng bo v (dy P.E) phi c ni t lp li u vo t ng dy n thit
b cn ni khng c cui ng dy cng nh cui cc nhnh r c chiu di ln hn
200m.
Trng hp khng thc hin c ni khng, cn lp t thit b ct in bo v dng
in r (ELCB hoc cu dao chng git) ngt mch in khi c s c r in. Khi s
dng thit b ct in bo v dng in r, h thng in v ph ti in phi bo m k
thut hn ch dng in r thit b lm vic chnh xc, tin cy.
Khi lp t ELCB cn ch ch c cc dy pha v dy trung tnh c lp vo cc cc
vo v ra ca ELCB (loi ELCB 3 pha 4 cc hoc ELCB 1 pha 2 cc). Dy khng bo
v P.E khng c php i qua ELCB.

V. QUY TC AN TON I VI IN CAO TH:

- Tun th y cc quy trnh k thut an ton khi tin hnh cng vic thi cng xy lp,
sa cha, ci to ng dy ti in: kho st hin trng, ng k ct in bn giao
ng dy ti hin trng, thc hin cc bin php th in ni t, c lp 2 u on
dy cng tc.
- Khi tin hnh thi cng cc cng trnh xy dng trong vng nguy him ca ng dy ti
in cao th trn khng ang hot ng phi c giy chng nhn ca c quan qun l
ng dy v cc iu kin m bo an ton cho vic thi cng. Vng nguy him ca
ng dy ti in c qui nh nh sau:

in p (KV) Khong cch

(mt)
Di 1 2,0
T 1 20 10
35 15
110 20
T 150 - 220 25

Tuyt i khng vi phm khong cch an ton bo v ng dy ti in cao th. Khong

cch an ton bo v tng ng vi cc cp in p c quy nh nh sau:
in p ng dy ti in Khong cch nh nht i
Trn khng( KV) Vi tng dy pha (mt)

15 KV (dy c v bc) 1,0

15 KV (dy khng c v bc) 2,0
110 KV 4,0
220 KV 6,0

QUY TC AN TON HN IN:

- i vi cng nhn hn:
-Phi c hun luyn v k thut an ton cng vic hn in v cp th an ton, c
kim tra sc kho t yu cu.

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-c trang b y qun o lao ng, knh hn, tp , giy, gng tay cc loi phng
tin bo v khc. Khi hn trong hm, thng, khoang, b kn, ni m tcng nhn hn
cn phi c trang b gng tay, giy cch in. Ti v tr hn phi c thm hoc bc cch
in.
- i vi thit b hn v ni lm vic:
-My hn phi m bo tnh trng tt: c v bao che tt v m bo cch in, v my
phi c ni t hoc ni khng ng. Quy phm ni t, ni khng cc thit b in,
cc cc in vo v ra phi c kp bng bulng v bc cch in.
-Km hn phi m bo k thut c tay cm bng vt liu cch in v chu nhit. Dy
in hn phi m bo khng b trc v bc, dy mt cng phi l loi v bc, cc mi
ni phi c bao kn bng bng keo cch in. Khng s dng km hn t ch, km hn
b hng, mc lp bo v cch in.
-t my hn v tr khng c ngi qua li, my hn ngoi tri phi c mi che bng vt
liu khng chy. Khu vc hn phi cch ly vi khu vc lm vic khc, nu khng th gia
cc v tr phi t tm chn bng vt liu khng chy. Khi hn in ni c nguy c n,
chy phi tun theo cc quy nh v an ton phng chng chy n.
Khi hn trn cao phi lm sn thao tc bng vt liu khng chy. Nu khng c sn th
th hn phi eo dy an ton, ng thi phi c ti ng dng c v mu que hn tha.

Khi hn trn nhng cao khc nhau, phi c bin php che chn bo v, khng cc
git kim loi nng , mu que hn tha, cc vt kiu khc ri xung ngi di, ri
xung cc vt liu d chy bn di.
Khi u in cho my hn phi do th in thc hin, phi qua cu dao, p t mt. Mi
my hn phi c cp in t mt cu dao ring. Cm ri dy in trn mt t, dy
in va chm vo st thp, kt cu kim loi ca cng trnh.
Khi tin hnh hn:
Cng nhn hn phi c trch nhim theo di tnh trng hot ng ca my hn trong qu
trnh lm vic. Khi c s c hng hc phi bo ngay cho th in sa cha.
Cm sa cha my hn khi ang c in.
Khi hn bn trong cc hm, thng, khoang, b kn (hoc hn trn cao khng c sn thao
tc), phi c ngi nm vng k thut an ton ng gim st. Ngi vo hn phi eo dy
an ton ni vi dy dn ti ch ngi gim st ( ct in kp thi v cp cu khi c s
c).
Cm hm cc hm, thng khoang, b kn ang c p sut hoc ang cha cht d xy ra
chy n. Cm s dng hoc bo qun cc nhin liu, vt liu d chy n ni tin hnh
cng vic hn in.
Khi hn c to bi v kh cng nh khi hn bn trong cc thng, bung, khoang, b kn
phi thc hin thng gi cp, ht v phi thc hin thng gi ht cc b ch tin hnh
hn. Khng kh ht phi thi ra ngoi khu vc ly khng kh cp.
Chiu sng khi tin hnh hn trong cc thng, khoang, b kn phi dng n di ng in
p 12V hoc dng n nh hng chiu t ngoi vo.

MT S BIN PHP PHNG CHY IN:

phng qu ti:
Khi thit k phi chn tit din dy dn ph hp vi dng in s dng.
Khng c t cu mc thm qua nhiu dng c tiu th in trn mng.

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Thng xuyn kim tra nhit cc my mc, thit b, dy dn khng nng qu mc
qui nh.
Khi s dng cc my mc thit b in phi c thit b bo v nh cu ch, ptmt.
phng chp mch:
Khng s dng dy in trn khng c v cch in.
Cm dng inh, dy thp buc gia dy in.
Cc mi ni dy cn chc v gn, cc mi ni phi t so le nhau v c bc cch in
tt, nn c hp u dy an ton.
phng in tr tip xc ln:
Cc im u dy phi ng k thut.
Khng treo cc vt nng trn dy.
Cc im tip xc in, cu daokhng c b r hoc khuyt tt v ti s pht
nhit ln.
phng chy do tnh in:
Truyn in tch tnh in i bng cch tip t hoc cc thit b my mc, cc b cha,
cc ng dn bng kim loi.
Tng m tng i ca khng kh trong cc phn xng c nguy him v tnh in
ln khong 70% (khi m t 30 40% thng gy ra chy do tnh in i vi nhng
phn xng nguy him v tnh in).
Cc ai truyn chuyn ng cn tip t phn kim loi.
phng chy do h quang in v s truyn nhit ca vt liu tiu th in:
Dng nhng b phn c bit trnh h quang in nh cu dao du, my bin th, ui
n chng n.
Cm dng bn i, bp in m khng c ngi trng nom.
Cm dng vt liu d chy lm chao n, khng dng bng n in sy qun o,
nhng vt liu tiu th in nh bn i, n chiu sng, bp in phi xa cc vt chy
t nht 0,5m.
phng ng c in b chy:
Khi ng ngun in vo ng c m khng thy ng c hot ng, cn ngt in v
sa cha kp thi.
phng st nh:
Cn lp t h thng chng st nh thng cho cc cng trnh nh ca cao, ni thng
xuyn c ging.
Lp t thit b ct st hoc lc st cho cc thit b in t hoc in thoi.

AN TON LAO NG TRONG CNG TC LP DNG GIN DO, COFFA,

CT THP:
- Cng nhn phi c sc kho m bo cho vic ln cao lp dng v tho d gin do.
- Lp dng v tho d gin do phi tun theo cc th t qui nh.
- Trong lc lm vic khng c n a, khng s dng cht kch thch, phi s dng cc
phng tin dng c bo h.
- Cc t lp dng trc phi vng chc mi c s dng i li s dng cc t tip
theo.
- Khng c neo t gio vo nhng b phn ca cng trnh khng vng chc.
- Khi lp dng v tho d phi c bin bo cm ngi khng c nhim v i qua li.
- Tho d xong phi thu dn dng cho ln sau.

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- Khi tho d dng giy, rng rc th cc b phn, tuyt i khng c y c
gin do hoc tho ri ng trn cao nm xung t gy h hng mt an ton.
- Chn gio phi ng vng trn nn vng chc, khi gp nc khng b ln. Khp ni,
cht, kho phi m bo lin kt tt. Khng dng nhng ng thp qu h hng.
- Coffa, cc vt liu ri vn a xung bi vt liu di t trnh trng hp cc vt
ri xung gy tai nn cho ngi i li.
- Khi lp coffa, thp phim bo chu lc tt, phn b u, lp dng phi chc chn.
Phi cn thn tuyt i khi h thp dm trn sn: khng bt c b phn no ca c th
v tr dm.
- Coffa phi c thu dn gn gng khng trng ln nhau hay trng ln ct thp.

AN TON LAO NG TRONG CNG TC B TNG:

Khi nghim thu khi b tng lu n khi , cy chng, cu thang ln xung sn
thao tc, s lng dm b tng, n chiu sng, bo h lao ng ( nn cng, ng cao su,
gng tay) cho cng nhn cc iu kin phc v cho vic b tng khi mi tin
hnh .
Khi s dng m in m b tng phi kim tra v m v cc dy in trc khi
em ra s dng.

AN TON LAO NG TRONG S DNG CC MY NH TRONG XY DNG

(my ct, my bo, my pht in, my ca)
Tt c cc loi my khi s dng c nhiu im chung v p dng bin php an ton ging
nhau.
Cng nhn vn hnh my phi bit cch s dng my, c th cchng ch s dng my.
Kim tra, bo dng my thng xuyn m bo cho my hot ng tt nht.
Sa cha cc h hng xy ra cho my.
Qu trnh hot ng ng cng sut, tnh nng ca my do nh ch to qui nh.
Vi my chy in ngoi vic chy my, u in ng k thut an ton cn thng
xuyn kim tra cch in ca v my.

AN TON LAO NG TRONG CNG TC XY T, HON THIN B MT

CNG TRNH:
Trc khi xy tng phi kim tra li tnh trng n nh ca mng hoc phn tng
xy trc hoc n nh ca gi , gin do. cao 2,5m tr ln, vt liu phi c
ng vo thng cha rc chc chn (khng vn chuyn bng tung, buc dy hoc xp c
ngn trn bn nng m khng c thnh che chn).
Cm xy tng ln cao qu hai tng khi cc tng sn cha gc dm sn hoc ca lm sn
tm cc tng .
Chiu cao ca mi nc tng khng thp hn sn cng tc hai hng gch. Khi xy phi
ng trn mt sn cng tc thp hn chiu cao ca mt tng ang xy t nht 15cm.
Cm ng trn tng xy.
Khng vt liu, dng c trn mt tng khi ngng xy.
Khi ng pha trong ca tng nh th pha ngoi ca tng nh phi t ro che
chn cch chn tng 1,5m nu tng xy cao cha qu 7m v ro cch chn tng 2m
nu tng xy qu 7m.
Cc tng cao t 1,5m tr ln phi bt gin do xy, cng nhn khng c ngi ngh

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trn tng mi xy xong.
Vn chuyn gch ln cao phi dng ro, trnh qung nm.
Vi cng tc khc trn cao ngi cng nhn phi nhc nh cn trng c bit khi lm
vic ni cheo leo cn b k thut phi kim tra dy an ton neo buc chc chn mi cho
thc hin cng tc.
Phi ngng vic xy t nu ma to v che chn cho khi xy gin do lun kim tra
chc, tnh n nh ca khi xy.
Sn cng tc tt, chn gio vng chc, phi chn cn thn khng cp knh. Mi ln di
chuyn gio, gh khng dng c nh con ln, chi qut, bay, bn xoa, vi sn trn sn
cng tc (mt gh), v di chuyn rt hay b ri xung gy nguy him.
Chn thang phi chn chng trt. u thang phi bt gi v c dy buc gh vo mt
v tr c nh trong nh.
Khi qut vi hay sn phi mc qun o bo h lao ng v cc th phng h khc nh
gng tay, khu trang. Lm vic trn cao nhng ch cheo leo nguy him, nht thit phi
mang dy an ton.
Qut vi, sn ni c in phi ngt.
S dng cc dng c nh b mastic phi cn thn, nu khng d b t tay, chy mu v
khi thi cng cnh bn b, li dao mn v sc.

NHNG BIN PHP P DNG KHI X L NHNG V VIC LIN QUAN

N TAI NN LAO NG:
Trong ngnh xy dng iu kin lm vic phc tp li i hi phi p ng tin ,
khng xy ra tai nn l kh khn v th phi hn ch khng xy ra tai nn l vn
kh khn chnh v th phi hn ch khng xy ra tai nn ng tic xy ra.
Nhng v tai nn nh c th xy ra do vn x tr cc v tai nn lao ng l quan
trng.
Khi c tai nn in phi kp thi ngt in tch nn nhn ra khi ngun in sau tin
hnh h hp nhn to cho nn nhn nu b bt tnh.
Vi cc tai nn chy mu, gy xng ta x tr bnh tnh bng b v a vo bnh vin
gn nht.
Nu b thng ct sng khi di chuyn nn nhn phi nh nhng.
Kp thi lp bin bn hin trng, ni dung bin bn trung thc.
Hp kim im rt kinh nghim, hoc k lut nhm ngn chn tai nn khng tip tc
xy ra.

CC BIN PHP KHC LIN QUAN N VN AN TON LAO NG

TRN CNG TRNG:
B tr mt bng hp l thun tin cho thi cng v giao thng i li. Lm vic phi y
sng, trang b h thng chiu sng thch hp, y . C y nh v sinh, t thuc
y t. C y bin bo cng trnh, ni quy an ton cng trn cng trng.
m bo an ton giao thng trn cng trng: li xe, cu phi tun theo s ch dn ca
ch huy cng trng. B tr bo v m bo an ninh trn cng trng. Nhng ngi
khng c trch nhim khng c i lung tung trn cng trng, khng c chuyn mn
nhim v khng c iu khin phng tin.
Khng b tr ngi lm vic, i li trong phm vi vng quay ca my o my xc.
Khng ch ngi trn thng xe t.

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Cng tc cu lp t cng phi kim tra k cc thit b nng h, thao tc trong qu trnh
s dng. m bo lu thng tt trong gi cao im.
i vi nhng h mng o su, ni thng xuyn c ngi qua li phi lm ro chn
cn thn, ban m phi c tn hiu thng bo cho ngi qua li bit.
Trnh nha nng dnh vo ngi khi ang lm vic.
Ngi lm vic trn cng trng phi trang b y nn bo h lao ng, tu theo tng
cng vic m trang b bo h lao ng thch hp.

CNG TC PHNG CHY CHA CHY:

Khi tin hnh thi cng s lin h vi cng an phng chy cha chy a phng lp
phng n phng chy cha chy trn cng trng.
Trang b y cc phng tin phng chy cha chy nh bnh cha chy, ct,
nc
B tr h thng chng st, ni t cho nh v cc thit b khc.
Cng tc un nu nha phi theo di thng xuyn nha khi trn v chy.

V SINH MI TRNG

Ban ch huy cng trng c ton quyn qun l, gii quyt mi vn lin quan n
cng tc v sinh mi trng v thc hin th tc php l i vi c quan chnh quyn.
Ban ch huy cng trng ra cc bin php che chn, chng bi, khi, ting n, b tr
gi gic thi cng hp l cho tng cng tc nht l cng tc d gy nhim mi trng v
n m bo tun theo qui nh ca nh nc v khi, ting n. Ngoi ra ban ch huy cng
trng phi t chc mt nhm lao ng phc v cho cng tc v sinh mi trng.
Khi thi cng xong th tin hnh thu dn v sinh sch s, gn gng ng ni qui nh
khi thi cng cc cng tc sau khng gp tr ngi v m bo v sinh khu vc thi cng.
Cc vt liu tha v cht thi sau khi thi cng nu khng cn s dng na th x l hy
b m bo v sinh cho cng trng.
Cc xe vn chuyn vt liu phi ph bt cn thn, trnh ri vi khi vn chuyn d gy ra
nguy him cho ngi lu thng, nh hng n m quan ng ph.
Trm trn b tng phi t cch xa khu dn c sinh sng, c h thng chng bi, chng
n tt khng gy nh hng ti mi trng xung quanh.
Nh v sinh trn cng trng phi qut dn thng xuyn, m bo c nc v dng c
v sinh.
H thng nc phc v thi cng, phc v cng tc phng chy cha chy c cung cp
y bng ngun cp nc khu vc v h. H thng mng m thot nc ma
phi c dc thot nc ra h thng thot nc ca khu vc v vy trn mt bng thi
cng cn to ra mt dc thch hp cho nc thot khng ng.

H S HON CNG

H S PHP L
Quyt nh ph duyt ca cc cp c thm quyn.
Giy chng nhn quyn s dng data.
Vn bn chp thun ca c quan c thm quyn.
Quy hoch, kin trc.

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Thit k, k thut, tng d ton.
Thit k v thit b phng chy cha chy.
Bo v cng trng.
u ni vi cng trnh h tng k thut ( cp in, cp nc, thot nc, giao thng)
An ton iu (nu c), an ton giao thng.
Giy php kinh doanh ca cc n v t vn thit k xy dng trong nc v chng ch
hnh ngh ca cc c nhn ph hp vi cng vic thc hin.
T vn xy dng (kho st, thit k kin trc, kt cu)
Gim st thi cng xy lp.
Kim nh cht lng.
Giy php kinh doanh ca cc nh thu xy lp trong nc (nh thu chnh, nh thu
ph)
Giy php u t xy ti Vit Nam ca cc nh thu nc ngoi (thu t vn xy dng,
thu xy lp)
Hp ng thi cng cng trnh gia ch u t v nh thu xy lp.
H s thit k k thut c cc cp c thm quyn ph duyt.
Bo co kho st a cht cng trnh.
Bin bn kim tra (nghim thu hon thnh) ca cp c thm quyn.
Thc hin giy php xy dng (i vi trng hp phi c giy php xy dng).
Ch gii t xy dng.
Phng chy cha chy, chng st.
Bo v mi trng.
An ton lao ng an ton vn hnh.

TI LIU QUN L CHT LNG

Bn v hon cng cc hng mc v ton b cng trnh v kin trc, kt cu, lp t thit
b, h thng k thut cng trnh hon thin(c danh mc bn v v hon cng km
theo).
Cc chng ch k thut v cc phiu kim tra xc nhn cht lng vt liu, cu kin sn
phm xy dng v my mc thit b s dng ca cng trnh.
Chng ch k thut xc nhn ca ni sn xut i vi: b tng, ct thp, kt cu thp, cu
kin sn phm xy dng khc, thit b
Phiu kim tra cht lng thng qua mu ly ti hin trng do mt t chc php nhn
c t cch php nhn v nng lc thc hin i vi b tng, ct thp, kt cu thp, cu
kin sn phm xy dng khc.
Phiu kim tra cht lng thit b
Cc ti liu o c.
Bo co kt qu cc th nghim hin trng (gia c nn, sc chu ti ca cc, mng, in
tr ni t)
Bin php th nghim hiu chnh vn hnh thit b chy th khng ti v c ti.
Bin bn th cc thit b thng tin lin lc cc thit b bo v.
Bin bn th cc thit b phng chy cha chy.
Bin bn kim nh mi trng mi sinh (i vi cc cng trnh phi lp d n bo co
nh gi tc ng mi trng).
Nht k theo di xy dng cng trnh ca cc ch u t, nh thu xy lp v t vn thit
k.

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Bin bn nghim thu cng trnh xy lp, nghim thu giai on xy lp, nghim thu thit
b chy th khng ti, nghim thu thit b chy th tng hp, nghim thu hng mc cng
trnh, nghim thu hon thnh a vo s dng.
Ti liu hng dn hoc qui nh hin hnh, bo tr thit b v cng trnh.
Bo co cc ch u t v v qu trnh thi cng xy dng v cht lng cng trnh.
Bo co ca nh thu xy lp, t vn thit k, n v gim st ca ch u t v kt qu
cng vic kim nghim.

Bin php thi cng xy lp kt cu mng v tng hm

http://tuvankientruc.com.vn/dmdocuments/TCTC/TM_BPTC_mongham.rar

T CHC XY DNG V BIN PHP THI CNG

XY LP KT CU MNG V TNG HM

Phn 1. Gii thiu chung

A. Gii thiu chung
1.1. Ni dung gi thu
- Xy lp kt cu mng v tng hm thuc gi thu s 3 c xy dng mi ti HP Ch
u t bng ngun vn t c, vn vay v vn huy ng c ng ca Cng ty.
-V tr cng trnh:
-phi Bc gip
-- Pha nam gip
-- Pha ng, pha ty
-1.2. Quy m xy dng v c im kt cu
- Din tch mt bng : (34.15m x 31.59m)
- Din tch xy dng : 32.15x28.9x5=4345m2
- Chiu di nh 32.15m, chiu rng 28.9m
- Gm 5 tng hm: sn tng 1 ct +0.000; sn tng hm 1, ct -1.200; sn tng 2, ct
-4.000; sn tng hm 3, ct -6.600; sn tng hm 4, ct -8.750
- Gia c mng bng cc khoan nhi trn D1400 di 48m su 60m, cc D1000 di 49m
su 60m
- Kt cu lin kt cc bng i mng, dm ging v sn b tng ct thp
- Tng vy xung quang tng hm bng cc b tng Barrette su 35m v 60m dy 1m
- Kt cu lin kt bn trong cc tng hm bng tng, vch, ct v dm sn b tng ct
thp lin khi
II. T chc mt bng thi cng.
2.1 Phn chung:
- Thit k t chc xy dng tun theo yu cu ca h s mi thu.
- Cn c vo cc bn v thit k v cc ti liu k thut khc ca H s mi thu.
- Cn c vo yu cu tin thi cng ca gi thu.
- Cn c vo nng lc cung cp vt t, thit b v nhn lc ca Nh thu.
2.1.1 Mt s nhn xt:
- Theo h s mi thu xy lp ca Cng ty CP vn ti xng du VIPCO, gii php k

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thut c a ra l thi cng tng vy, cc barrette, cc khoan nhi v thi cng tng
hm bng phng php semi topdown.
- Tuy nhin, qua qu trnh nghin cu tnh hnh a hnh, a cht thu vn D n, s nh
hng ca cc cng trnh ln cn, Cng ty chng ti a ra mt s kin ngh nh sau:
+ Khi thi cng tng hm c su ln dng gii php tng vy s khng ch ng kim
sot c chuyn v ca tng (khng c th ti tng). Khng ch ng kim sot c
cc vn v thm (v tng c ghp thnh t cc tm bng giong). Vic ny s trc
tip nh hng ti tin thi cng v cht lng cng trnh.
+ Cng ngh thi cng semi topdown c xem l gii php tt cho vic thi cng tng
hm, tuy nhin li tn ti mt s hn ch: Thi cng o hm bng th cng, khng tn
dng c thi cng c gii gy nn vic chm tin thi cng; thi cng kh khn v
khng an ton cho cng nhn khi phi lm vic lu trong iu kin thiu nh sng v
khng kh.

2.1.2 Gii php k thut xut:

- Cn c vo kinh nghim thi cng cc d n c phc tp tng t v nng lc thi
cng thc t ca chng ti;
- Cn c vo yu cu ca Ch u t v cht lng cng nh tin thc hin cng trnh
Thp vn phng VIPCO;
- Chng ti xin a ra gii php k thut thay th nh sau:
+ Dng cng ngh thi cng cc khoan nhi giao tuyn - CSP to thnh tng bao
quanh; phng php ny c tin hnh trn c s cc cc ct ni nhau lin tip nn vic
thm qua tng khng c, hn na cc c th ti nn ch ng v mt chu lc v c
th kt hp lm mng cho cc ct bin.
+ Vic thi cng semi topdown thi cng mng, i, dm, sn s c thay th bng vic
thi cng cc h ging tm thi bng cc ng 1000mm dy12mm, mi h gin s c b
tr cch nhau 4m m bo chu lc ngang. Dng h kch thu lc 140 tn (hoc ln
hn) lp t h ging tm thi ny.
u im ca phng php ny l thi cng nhanh, vic o h mng s tn dng thi cng
c gii; Bin php thi cng chng ti trnh by phn sau; Khi c chp thun, chng
ti s lp thit k thi cng chi tit.
+ Mt bng thi cng cht hp, phm vi gia c nn ngoi tm lm vic ca cc thit b lm
cc xi mng t nn bin php x l nn bng thi cng cc xi mng t l rt kh thc
hin, tnh kh thi khng cao. x l nn khu vc d n, chng ti kin ngh phng n
khoan pht mng chng thm xung quanh ko di ng vin thm, gim ti thiu p
lc y ni do nc ngm khng nh hng ti vic thi cng mng tng hm vi su
khoan pht t 20m ti 40m.

E. BIN PHP THI CNG

*Tun th cc tiu chun k thut:
-Tiu chun k thut v vt liu xy dng TCVN 2682 - 1992
-Xi mng poc lng PC 30 TCVN 6206 - 1997
-Xi mng poc lng PC B30 TCVN 1771 - 1987
- dm. si dng trong xy dng TCVN 1771 - 1987
-Ct xy dng( Xy, trt, b tng) TCVN 1970 - 1986

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-Gch mi c, t st nung TCVN 1441 - 1986
-Thp ct b tng cn nng TCVN 1654 - 1985
-Thp cc bon cn nng (Gia cng kt cu thp) TCVN 5079 - 1993
-Quy nh v qun l cht lng cng trnh xy dng TCVN N - 209/2004/NDS - CP
-Nguyn tc c bn qun l cht lng cc cng trnh XD TCVN 5637 - 1991
-T chc thi cng TCVN 5055 - 1985
-Kt cu gch TCVN 4085 - 1985
-Nghim thu cc cng tc XD TCVN 4091 - 1985
-Kt cu thp .Gia cng lp gip v nghim thu - yu cu k thut TCVN 170 - 1989
-Ni ct thp c g TCXD 234 - 1999
-Dung sai trong XD cng trnh - phng php o kim tra cng trnh v cc cu kin ch
sn ca cng trnh v tr im o TC 210 - 1998
-H thng tiu chun an ton lao ng.Quy nh c bn TCVN 2287 - 1978
-An ton in trong xy dng , yu cu chung TCVN 4086 - 1985
-Cng vic hn in yu cu chung v an ton TCVN 3146 - 1986
-Quy phm k thut an ton thit b nng TCVN 4244 - 1986
-Quy phm k thut an ton trong xy dng TCVN 5308 - 1991
-Phng chy chy n cho nh v cng trnh TCVN 2622 - 1995
-Nc trn b tng v va - yu cu k thut TCXDVN 302 2004
I. Cng tc nh v mt bng & thi cng o t mng:
- Tip nhn mc, trc chun, t trin khai chnh xc h thng cc mc ph xung quanh
cng trnh. T h mc ph tin hnh xc nh cc trc, tim ct cho cng trnh trong qu
trnh xy dng v c trong qu trnh kim tra, nghim thu, bn giao sau ny.
o h mng bng th cng kt hp vi my o sau dng my cn trc thp xc v
a t ln t vn chuyn ra ni m Nh thu xc nh c php .
Phn t o c Nh thu ln phng n huy ng b tr s lng cng nhn v xe
t vn chuyn sao cho khng n tc giao thng, khi lng t o n u vn
chuyn n trnh nh hng n thi cng cc cng vic tip theo. Nh thu ln
phng n thi cng cng trnh theo quy trnh nh sau:
- Thi cng tng CSP.
- Thi cng cc khoan nhi v t thp hnh H350x350x14 n cao ct +0.000
- m ln t nn, xy gch ch vn khun, thi cng kt cu dm sn, ct +0.000
- o moi t tng hm 1 bng th cng, kt hp vi cn trc thp a t ln t vn
chuyn i
- Thi cng ln lt sn tng hm ct +0.000 v sn ct -1.200 ( sn bin php) theo th t
t trn xung di (nhng tng tng hm 1, ti v tr tng dm sn thi cng trc
cc tng cn li thi cng sau), c bn v km theo
- m ln t nn, xy gch ch vn khun, thi cng kt cu dm sn tng 1, ct -1.200
- o moi t tng hm 2,3,4,5 bng th cng, kt hp vi cn trc thp a t ln t
vn chuyn i
- b tng lt mng, lp dng vn khun, thi cng kt cu mng ct -11.200.
- Gia cng lp dng vn khun, lp dng ct thp v thi cng kt cu dm sn tmg hm
5,4,3,2 theo th t t di ln
Trong gi thu ny, Nh thu chng ti rt quan tm n h thng thu nc h mng,
bin php ca Nh thu l trong khi thi cng tng tng hm lun lun phi to nhng h
thu tm. ng thi c ngi thng trc s dng s lng my bm bm nc ra

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h thng thot nc chung ca khu vc (km theo bn v)
II. Cng tc khoan cc nhi v gia c nn mng.
Cha xong
III . Bin php thi cng kt cu b tng
1. Cng tc gia cng lp dng ct thp:
- Ton b ct thp cho kt cu b tng phi tha mn yu cu ca H s mi thu.
- Ct thp c gia cng ti kho bi gia cng thp do Nh thu thu cch cng trng 5-7
km sau c vn chuyn n cng trng lp dng.
Cng tc lu kho v lm sch
- Ton b ct thp kt cu trc v sau khi ct un phi t di mi che v cao t nht
300mm cch mt t.
- Ton b thp trn c phn loi thnh tng khu ring bit trong kho theo kch thc v
chng loi r nhn bit v s dng.
- Ct thp phi c lm sch trc khi t vo vn khun, khng c dnh du m v
cc cht c hi khc nh hng n cht lng b tng.
C nh thp (buc ct thp, k ct thp)
- Trc khi t ct thp, phi tin hnh nghim thu vi Ch u t v cng tc vn khun
v kch thc chnh xc ca chi tit cn t.
- Ct thp c t vo trong vn khun phi c t ng v tr Thit k quy nh, c
nh ct thp chng dch chuyn bng cc k, neo thp, hn ng v tm thi gia 2 lp
ct thp... m bo khong cch chiu dy lp b tng bo v m Thit k quy nh.
- Ti cc v tr giao nhau ca thp, phi c c nh bng thp buc. ai ct v thanh
ni lin kt cht vo thp dc bng lin kt buc hoc hn. Tt c u phi tun th
TCVN 4453-1995.
- Thp buc l loi thp si mm ng knh tit din 0,8 1,0 mm, ui buc phi
xon quay vo trong.
- Khng lm h hng bin dng sn phm.
- Ct thp tng thanh nn buc thnh tng l theo chng loi v s lng trnh nhm
ln khi s dng.
- Cc khung, li ct thp ln nn c bin php phn chia thnh tng b phn nh ph
hp vi phng tin vn chuyn.
- B phn lp dng trc khng gy tr ngi cho b phn lp dng sau.
- C bin php n nh v tr ct thp khng bin dng trong qu trnh b tng.
- Cc con k t ti cc v tr thch hp ty theo mt ct thp nhng khng ln hn 1m
cho mt im k. Con k b tng c mc bng mc cu kin b tng v c chiu dy
bng chiu dy lp bo v. Sai lch cho php i vi ct thp lp dng theo cc quy
nh ti TCVN 4453-1995.
- Khi t ct thp v ct pha ta vo nhau to thnh mt t hp cng th cp pha ch c
t trn cc giao im ca ct thp chu lc v theo ng v tr quy nh ca Thit k.
Nghim thu ct thp
- Trc khi b tng cho cc b phn cng trnh, Nh thu bo cho Ch u t v Thit
k n kim tra nghim thu ct thp v kch thc, s lng, cht lng, cht lng hn
buc, s n nh, chiu di thp chu lc, v tr un ct thp lp bo v theo quy nh ca
H s mi thu v TCVN... Sau lp thnh bin bn nghim thu mt phn tin hnh
thi cng b tng.
2. Cng tc cp pha:

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Cng tc cp pha c quy nh trong phn ny v cc quy nh k thut ca H s mi
thu.
Thi cng cp pha tun theo tiu chun TCVN4453-1995.
Cp pha cho b tng ti ch c gia cng ti cng ti xng sau vn chuyn n
cng trng lp
* Vt liu lm cp pha
Cp pha i mng, dm ging, tng v ct s dng cp pha g p khng thm nc
nh hnh.
Loi vt liu lm vn khun tun theo cc quy nh di y:
- Vn khun phi p ng yu cu ca TCVN4453-1995 (cp pha cho b tng)
- Nu vn khun c ti s dng th b mt tip xc vi b tng phi c v sinh k.
Cc li phi bt Formtie v nhng ch b h hng phi c sa cha, cc l thng phi
c hn kn.
- Sau khi lp dng xong, cp pha c qut du nhn tn dng chng dnh.
* Vng chng:
Vng chng s dng l cy chng thp nh hnh kt hp cy chng g.
Vt liu lm vng chng c quy nh di y:
- Cc thanh chng bng ng thp, gio bng ng thp v cc loi gin c gia cng
sn phi tun theo yu cu chung i vi cp pha gio
- Cc dm thp tm thi hoc ct thp phi ch r ti trng cho php cn c vo th
nghim cng .
* Cc vt liu khc
Form - tie phi l loi c ng sut ko cng cho php v nh sn xut phi m bo iu
ny da trn th nghim cng
Cc cht ph gia phi l loi khng gy hi cho cht lng b tng hoc gy nh hng
cho vic gn kt ca vt liu hon thin b mt v phi c s ng ca Ch u t.
* Thit k cp pha:
Cp pha phi c thit k chu c ti trng tc ng trong qu trnh b tng, p
lc ngang ca b tng ti, s va p v rung trong khi b tng. ng thi m bo
hnh dng ca b tng trong phm vi sai s cho php. Nu cn thit, phi c cc tnh ton
kt cu v cng v cng vng.
Thit k cp pha tun theo cc tiu chun c nu trn.
Cp pha khng c php xut hin cc vt nt va, d tho d v khng gy hi cho
b tng khi tho d.
Vng chng phi c gia cng bng cc bin php cn thit nh ging ngang, ging
cho v m bo chng lt, ko, vn cp pha khi c ti trng gy ra lc b tng.
Trc khi thi cng cp pha, phi v cc bn v thi cng v bn v gia cng cp pha cn
c theo bn v Kt cu b tng ct thp.
Thit k cp pha cho tng cng vic v tng cu kin, xem bn v bin php thi cng
km theo.
*. Gia cng & lp dng cp pha:
Cp pha c gia cng v lp dng da theo v tr, hnh dng, kch thc ch ra trong bn
v k thut v phi p ng cc yu cu di y, tun theo bn v gia cng & bn v
bin php thi cng cp pha km theo.
- Sai s i vi cc kch thc mt ct ngang ca b tng
- Sai s i vi nhn b mt b tng

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- Lp b tng bo v ct thp
Cp pha phi ghp kn chng mt nc xi mng hoc r va qua mi ni.
Cc ng, hp v cc cu kin chn sn trong b tng phi c bo v y v tr t
chnh xc nh trong bn v gia cng cp pha, trnh b chuyn dch trong qu trnh b
tng.
Cc thanh chng phi lp thng, chnh xc, cc thanh chng ng sn lin tip nhau
phi dng cng gn cng tt.
* Nghim thu cp pha
Cp pha s c Ch u t nghim thu trc khi b tng v sau c m bo
cht lng quy nh mc bin php m bo cht lng ca bn thuyt minh ny.
* Thi gian tho d cp pha:
Thi gian cp pha cho mng, dm v tng l khong thi gian b tng t
cng ti thiu l 50kg/cm2. Tuy nhin c th tho cp pha m khng tin hnh th
nghim cng nn sau khi ht thi hn bo dng theo quy nh.
Trong trng hp ti trng tc dng ln cu kin sau khi tho vng chng vt qu ti
trng theo thit k s dng trong tnh ton kt cu, khng tnh thi gian quy nh trn,
cc thanh chng s khng c tho b cho n khi m bo an ton theo tnh ton.
Nu yu cu tho vng chng sm hn thi gian quy nh th phi m bo tnh ton
cng nn ca b tng khng nh hn cng yu cu chu c ti trng
ca cu kin sau khi tho d vng chng. Tuy nhin khng c trng hp no vng
chng c tho d cho n khi cng nn ca b tng cha vt qa 150kg/cm2
*. Tho cp pha.
Cp pha phi c tho d nh nhng sau khi c s ng ca Ch u t.
Vic nghim thu v sa cha b tng b khuyt tt sau khi tho vn khun c tin hnh
nh quy nh phn qun l cht lng.
Ngay sau khi d vn khun b tng phi c bo dng nh quy nh.
Sau khi tho vng chng, cc cu kin phi c kim tra cn thn tm cc vt nt
hoc r. Nu c phi bo ngay cho Ch u t xin kin hng dn
3. Cng tc b tng:
* Phn chung
Thi cng b tng ct thp ton khi tun theo tiu chun TCVN4453-1995 v yu cu k
thut ca h s mi thu.
Bin php thi cng b tng ct thp cc cu kin, cng vic c trnh by chi tit trong
bn v bin php thi cng km theo.
Thi cng b tng trong iu kin thi tit nng c bin php bo dng b tng khng b
mt nc b mt. Bin php ny c trnh by chi tit trong mc m bo cht lng.
* Ch to hn hp b tng.
m bo cht lng cng trnh, tin theo yu cu ca H s mi thu, b tng s
dng cho d n ny c sn xut t cc trm trn b tng TANAKA v ELBA 60m3/h
do mt n v c uy tn ti Hi Phng cung cp.
Yu cu vt liu cho ch to b tng tun theo tiu chun TCVN4453-1995.
Cp phi b tng c thit k trnh Ch u t ph duyt trc khi sn xut.
* Vn chuyn hn hp b tng.
Thi gian lu hn hp b tng trong qu trnh vn chuyn <30 pht.
- Vn chuyn b tng t trm n cc hng mc cng trnh bng xe vn chuyn b tng
6m3. bng xe bm b tng t hnh.

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* v m b tng.
B tng c bng xe bm b tng t hnh di chuyn trn ng cng v.
b tng khng lm sai lch v tr ct thp, cp pha v chiu dy lp bo v b tng.
B tng c lin tc trong mi t thi cng (xem bin php thi cng chi tit km
theo).
trnh s phn tng, chiu cao ri t do ca hn hp b tng khi khng vt qu
1,5m
m b tng bng my m di v my m bn. B tng c m cht, b mt b tng
khng b r.
Thi gian m ti mi v tr phi m bo cho b tng c m k. Du hiu nhn
bit l va xi mng ni ln b mt v bt kh khng cn na.
Khi m bng m di, bc di chuyn ca m khng vt qu 1,5 bn knh tc dng
ca m v phi cm su vo lp b tng trc 10cm.
* Bo dng b tng.
Phng php v qui trnh bo dng thc hin theo TCVN5592-1991 v cc yu cu v
bo dng b tng ca H s mi thu.
Sau khi , b tng c bo dng trong iu kin c m v nhit thit k cn
thit ng rn v ngn nga cc nh hng c hi trong qu trnh ng rn ca b
tng.
Khi thi cng trong iu kin mi trng khng thun li s c bo dng vi ch
ring c trnh by trong mc m bo cht lng.
IV.4 Cng tc hon thin nghim thu v bn giao cng trnh tun th v p dng :
- Tiu chun k thut thi cng v nghim thu
- Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu cng tc t TCVN 447-1987
- Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu kt cu BT v BTCT TCVN 4452-1987
- Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu quy trnh lp thit k t chc xy dng v thit k thi
cng
TCVN 4252 - 1998
- Quy phm nghim thu hon thin mt bng xy dng TCVN 4516 - 1988
- Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu cc tc hoang thin TCVN 5674 1992

G. BIN PHP AN TON LAO NG, V SINH MI TRNG

I. Phn chung
Bin php an ton v v sinh mi trng trong d n ny tun theo cc quy nh ca Gi
thu v cc bin php an ton c trnh by di y.
Bin php an ton i vi tng phn vic c ch ra trong bn v bin php v thuyt
minh thi cng chi tit ca cc hng mc cng trnh.
II. Bin php an ton cho con ngi v thit b:
1.T chc:
Ban iu hnh d n (BHDA) b tr 01 cn b thng trc ch o cng tc ATVS trn
cng trng lm nhim v: hng dn n c kim tra cc n v thi cng m bo
ng cc bin php an ton c duyt thc hin y cc ch chnh sch vi
ngi lao ng theo Ngh nh s 06/1995 ca Chnh ph Thng t Lin B s 14/1998.
Ti cc cng trnh xy dng c cn b kim nhim lm cng tc gim st k thut an ton
hin trung, n c nhc nh mi ngi thc hin ng mi ni qui ATL, bin
php thi cng.
Ti cc t sn xut c mng li ATVS vin gm t 1 n 3 ngi nhc mi ngi

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chp hnh tt cc qui trnh qui phm KTAT c ph bin.
BHDA c trch nhim phn cng, phn cp c th nhim v qun l v thc hin cng
tc ATVSL trn qui m ton cng trng cho cc i tng t ngi ch huy n cc
cn b ph trch, iu hnh sn xut, cui cng n ngi lao ng.
c bit, vi c im cng trnh nh cao tng, cn b ATVS c trch nhim thng
xuyn gim st, kim tra tnh hnh an ton lao ng i vi cng nhn lm vic trn cao;
pht hin ngn chn kp thi nhng trng hp thiu an ton:
- Hng ngy, trc khi lm vic phi trim tra an ton v tr lm vic ca cng nhn.
Kim tra gin gio, sn thao tc, thang lan can v cc phng tin trn cao khc.
- Kim tra vic s dng ng cc phng tin bo v c nhn: dy an ton, mc, giy v
qun o bo v.
- Thng xuyn theo di nhc nh cng nhn chp hnh k lut lao ng, ni qui an
ton...
- Trng hp nhc nh m vn tip tc vi phm, nh ch ngay lao ng.
2. Bin php ngn nga trong cng tc qun l:
- Trc khi thi cng, BHDA s c t chc m hnh hc tp nghip v v BHL cho
cc i tng l ngi s dng lao ng (NSDL) theo ni dung thng t 08 v 23 ca
b LTBXH.
- T chc hun luyn v ATVSL cho ngi lao ng (NL) theo tng ngnh ngh, c
cp th chng ch v ATVSL.
- Khi tuyn chn NL lm vic trn cng trng phi m bo c cc yu cu sau:
+ tui lao ng vi tng ngnh ngh.
+ C giy chng nhn bo m sc kho - nh k c kim tra sc kho m bo
lm vic theo ngnh ngh.
+ c trang b y cc phng tin bo h c nhn ph hp vi iu kin lm vic.
+ Tt c NL phi c hc tp ni qui ANVSL trc khi lm vic.
+ Khi s dng lao ng n s c thc hin qui nh ng qui nh ca thng t 09/86
ca B y t v B LTBXH.
- Thng xuyn t chc kim tra v t kim tra v cng tc BHL trn cng trng
kp thi khc phc cc s c thi cng v ngn nga TNL. Thc hin cc kin ngh ca
cp trn v cng nhn lao ng v cng tc BHL.
- i vi cng nhn lm vic trn cao, cn phi tuyt i chp hnh k lut lao ng, ni
qui lm vic trn cao:
+ Nht thit phi eo dy an ton ni qui nh.
+ Khi lm vic phi i ng tuyn, khng i li tu tin (cm i trn mt dm, x g...)
+ Cm a nghch leo tro qua lan can.
+ Khng i dp l, guc khi i li, lm vic.
+ Trc 3 gi v trong khi lm vic khng c php ung ru, bia; khi lm vic khng
ht thuc l, thuc lo.
+ Cng nhn phi c ti ng ngh, cm nm dng c ngh t trn cao.
3. Bin php k thut ATL:
Xung quanh khu vc thi cng b tr ro chn, ro ngn kim sot ngi c nhim v
ra vo cng trnh.
B tr ng vn chuyn theo ng s thit k t chc cng trng ti cc im giao
nhau c bin bo, n tn hiu ban m.
Mt bng khu vc thi cng phi gn ngng, ngn np, v sinh, vt liu thi v cc chng

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ngi vt c thng xuyn thu dn.
Nhng mng h, h mng, ging, hm trn mt bng phi c ro chn y lp kn, c
bin bo v tn hiu vo ban m.
Khu vc ang tho d vn khun, dn gio, cng trnh c, ni lp rp cc b phn kt cu
cng trnh c b tr ro chn, bin bo.
Khi s dng, lp rp, tho d cc loi gin gio phi c thc hin theo bin php thi
cng - thit k thuyt minh tnh ton phi c cp c thm quyn xt duyt.
Cc cng tc khc ph thuc cng tc gin gio thc hin theo cc iu 8 ca TCVN
5308 - 91.
Cng tc hon thin bao che p dng cc iu 19 ca TCVN 5308 - 91.
Cng nhn phi c trang b y bo h lao ng nh: qun, o, m, gng tay... c
ph hiu ca tng c nhn v n v thi cng khi lm vic trn cng trng.
Tt c cng nhn c khm sc kho nh k, nhng cng nhn lm vic trn cao v
nhng v tr nguy him trc khi lm vic phi c khm sc kho.
Thng xuyn cho cng nhn hc tp bin php thi cng v bin php an ton lao ng.
C cn b chuyn trch ca cng trng v mi hng mc u phi c lc lng an ton
vin gim st.
C cu thang ln xung gia cc tng nh, m bo cu thang vng chc, an ton. Cm
cng nhn leo tro ln xung hoc ln xung bng cc phng tin ch vt liu.
Dy an ton phi c th nghim vi ti trng >300kg, trong thi gian 5 pht, nh k 6
thng kim tra li. Nu pht hin thy dy km phm cht phi loi b.
Mt sn thao tc khng qu nhn chng trn trt.
Tuyt i cm bc sn thao tc ln cc b phn k tm (thng phuy, chng gch...)
hoc t ln cc gio, gh ln cc mt sn khng vng chc.
4. An ton cho thit b:
Thc hin theo cc iu 6 ca TCVN 5308 - 91.
Tt c xe my xy dng u phi c y h s k thut - m bo cc yu cu an ton
trong sut qu trnh xy dng.
Cc thit b nng c qun l v s dng theo TCVN 4244 - 86.
Phi c c quan c thm quyn v ATL cp giy php s dng theo thng t 22/1996
ca b LTBXH.
Cc thit b chu p lc c qun l v s dng theo QPVN 2-1975 v c kim nh
cp giy php s dng theo thng t 22/1996 ca b LTBXH.
* Mt s yu cu vi thit b lm vic trn cao:
- V kt cu: Cc b phn ca gio phi bn chc, cng n nh. Gio nh hnh
phi c kim nh xut xng v phi c kim tra trc khi lp dng. Gio t ch phi
c tnh ton chi tit.
- Sn thao tc phi vng chc, khng trn trt, khe h gia cc vn sn khng qu
10mm.
- Sn thao tc cao t 1,5m tr ln so vi nn phi c lan can an ton.
- Lan can phi c chiu cao ti thiu 1m so vi mt sn, c t nht 2 thanh ngang. Thanh
ngang ny phi chu c lc x ngang >90KG.
- C h thng chng st i vi gin gio cao
* Yu cu khi lp dng gin gio, thang:
- Mt nn t gio thang phi thng, khng c ng nc, khng c ln, phi c vn
k chc chn, cm k bng gch , mu g.

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- Gio cao phi c neo vo cng trnh theo ch dn ca thit k, hoc c t nht 2
khoang gio phi neo 1 ln vi co b phn chc chn ca cng trnh.
- Gio cao ng c lp phi c ging neo m bo n nh.
- Khi dng cc khoang gio phi lp y cc thnh ging cho, ging ngang theo cu
to ca tng loi gio, m bo cc khoang di chc chn mi chng khoang tip
theo.
- Nu s dng g vn lm sn thao tc th vn ny phi dy t nht 3cm. Khng mc mt,
nt gy. Cc tm vn sn phi ghp kht, thng, khe h gia cc tm vn <1cm. Nu l
cc tm vn g ghp li th phi c np lin kt cc tm khng b x dch.
- Thang ta phi c mc trn hoc chn ta phi m bo chng trn trt.
- Khi tho d gin gio phi c cn b k thut hng dn, gim st. Khi tho d gin
gio phi dng cn trc hoc cc thit b c kh (rng rc...) chuyn cc b phn
xung t. Cm nm vt cc b phn ny t trn cao xung.
- Ht ca lm vic phi thu dn ngh v vt liu tha trn sn thao tc.
- Sau khi lp dng xong gin gio cn phi nghim thu, kim tra xem xt cc vn sau:
nn t, b phn k , thng ng, cc thanh cng, mi lin kt, lin kt vi cng
trnh, sn thao tc v lan can an ton.
- Ti trng trn sn thao tc khng vt qu ti trng tnh ton (cn b k thut ch nh
s lng vt liu v ngi khng vt qu qui nh).
- Khi gin gio cao trn 6m phi c t nht 2 tng sn. Sn thao tc bn trn, sn bo v
bn di. Khi cn lm vic ng thi trn c 2 sn trn cng 1 phng thng ng th
gia 2 sn ny phi c sn hoc li bo v.
- Vic chuyn vt liu ln gin gio bng cn trc khng c cho vt nng chm vo
gin gio, khng va nng va quay cn, khi vt nng cch sn 1m, h t t ln mt sn.
- Ch vn chuyn vt liu trn gin gio bng xe ci tin khi tnh ton vi ti trng ny.
III. mt s bin php an ton chi tit
1. Cng tc xp d v vn chuyn
Cng tc xp d v vn chuyn phi tin hnh di s ch huy ca ngi c ch nh
ph trch, c nhim v theo di vic p dng cc phng php sp xp, vn chuyn v d
hng an ton.
Trc lc lm vic phi kim tra sn xp vt liu, dn sch ng i li li, kim tra
cc phng tin lm vic i li trn cao (cu vn, thang, lan can an ton.. .)
Cng vic xp, d hng nn thc hin theo phng php c gii ho, c bit i vi
hng nng trn 50kg cng nh nng cao ln trn 3m.
Khi s dng cc phng tin c gii ho (c kh ho nh) phc v cng tc xp, d,
vn chuyn phi chp hnh ng n ni qui an ton v lp t v s dng cc loi my
.
Khng c xp bt k vt g vo nhng b phn cng trnh cha c n nh .
Khng c cht vt liu trn sn cng trnh, sn thao tc qu ti trng cho php ch dn.
ng i li, vn chuyn trn sn thao tc phi c lan can an ton chc chn cao hn 1m.
ng hoc cu cho cng nhn vn chuyn vt liu ln cao c dc khng qu 30
v phi c bc ln xung.
Cm vn chuyn hng bng cng, xe y trn cu thang hoc thang.
Cm ngi ngi trn hng cht trn phng tin vn chuyn.
Puly, rng rc treo buc trn dn gio, sn thao tc ko hng ln phi c t ng v
tr theo thit k ch dn.

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Khi vn chuyn hng ln cao bng thang ti, bn nng phi st vi sn ca cng nhn
ra ly vt liu, lc dng bn nng phi ngang vi sn nhn hng.
Cng nhn ng trn sn ly vt liu u bn nng phi eo giy an ton.
2. Cng tc b tng ct thp
2.1. Vn khun
Vn khun, ct chng, dn gio thi cng phi thc hin theo ng yu cu trong thit k
thi cng.
Vn khun lp sn thnh khi (vn khun hp ct, dm, sn, cc tm ghp. . .) phi m
bo vng chc khi cu lp. Khi dng vn khun chng ln nhau nhiu tng, phi c nh
chc chn tng di mi tip tc t tng trn.
Khi chuyn vn khun bng cu trc n ni lp t phi trnh va chm vo cc b phn
kt cu lp trc.
Lp t vn khun cao 1.5m tr ln so vi mt sn phi ng trn gio gh, gio
cao.
Dng lp khun treo hoc vn khun t mang khng cn dng gin gio nhng phi giao
cho cng nhn c hun luyn lm vic trn cao. Trong khi lp t phi s dng dy
an ton buc vo ch chc chn.
Dng vn khun cho cc kt cu vm phi c sn thao tc v lan can bo v xung quanh.
Khong cch t vn khun n sn thao tc khng c nh hn 1,5m, v tr vn khun
nghing, phi lm sn cng tc thnh tng bc c chiu rng t nht l 40cm.
Ch c t vn khun treo vo khung ca cng trnh sau khi cc b phn ca khung
lin kt xong. Vn khun treo phi lin sao cho khng b chuyn v u a.
Lp rp cc b phn vn khun trt v gio treo thi cng phi ng theo thit k.
Hng ngy trc khi b tng, cn b k thut phi kim tra tnh trng ca vn khun.
Nu c h hng th phi sa cha ngay.
Mi khi di chuyn vn khun phi kim tra cc thit b treo buc v tnh trng ca thit b
nng.
Phi thng xuyn thu dn nhng vt liu tha hoc vt liu thi trn sn thao tc. Cm
thit b , vt liu d tr v cc vt khc khng ghi trong thit k trn sn thao tc
ca vn khun v trn sn gio treo. Khng t tp ng ngi trn gin sn vn v gio
treo. Sn cng tc phi c ghi bin ti trng ln nht cho php.
Nhng vic trn cao nh tho d cc ct chng v ni di cc thanh ... khi tin hnh phi
eo dy an ton.
2.2. Ct thp.
Dng ct thp trn cao, ct thp cho dm, x, tng... phi c sn thao tc rng 0.8m b
tr mt bn vn khun.
Khi ct b cc phn st tha trn cao phi eo giy an ton, bn di phi c ro ngn v
bin cm.
Li qua li trn cc khung thp phi c lt vn rng t nht l 40cm. Cm qua li trc tip
trn ct thp.
Khng c cht ct thp trn sn thao tc hoc trn vn khun vt qu ti trng cho
php thit k.
Trc khi cu chuyn cc khung, li ct thp phi kim tra cc mi hn, nt buc.
2.3. B tng:
Trc khi b tng cn b k thut phi kim tra vn khun, ct thp lp t cng
nh tnh trng ca dn gio, sn thao tc. Kim tra xong phi c vn bn xc nhn.

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Khi dng cn trc chuyn va b tng n ni , lc tho , khong cch t y
thng hay gu ng n mt hng b tng khng qu 1m.
Thi cng b tng nhng b phn kt cu c nghing 30 tr ln cng nhn phi c
dy an ton .
Khi b tng cao trn 1,5m trn sn thao tc, hoc ch lm vic phi c lan can
an ton .
Khi bo dng b tng, phi dng dn gio. Khng c ng trn cc ct chng hoc
cnh vn khun. Khng c dng cc thang ln xung ta vo cc b phn kt cu b
tng ang bo dng.
Ch c tho vn khun khi c cn b ph trch cho php. Tho d vn khun
trt, vm theo s ch dn trc tip ca cn b k thut.
Trc khi tho d phi thu dn tt c cc vt liu tha ... trn cc b phn sp tho d
vn khun.
Tho d vn khun phi c tin hnh theo ng ch dn trong thit k. Phi c bin
php lun phng vn b ri hoc dn gio v kt cu sp .
Cm cht cc b phn vn khun tho d ln sn thao tc hay nm t trn cao xung.
Cn chuyn ngay xung t, nh ht inh v xp gn vo ni qui nh.
3. An ton s dng cn trc thp:
- Ngi iu khin phi c bng hoc chng ch, c quyt nh c php s dng thit
b, nm vng tnh nng k thut, trnh t thc hin thao tc v c hun luyn v k
thut an ton lao ng theo qui nh.
+ Nu giao ca phi bn giao tnh trng k thut my theo ca trn c s giao ca.
Thc hin nghim chnh cc qui nh trong qui phm an ton thit b nng.
4. Mt s cng tc khc
4.1. An ton s dng my bm nc :
* Trc khi khi ng:
- Kim tra v sit cht ton b cc mi ghp bulng, ai c, ng ng vo van.
- Kim tra v ng nng lng, thit b v dng c ph tr.
- Kim tra du bi trn trong gi
- Nhp in kim tra chiu quay trc ng c theo chiu quay ca bm
* Hot ng:
- Mi nc bm ngp bnh cng tc
- Khi ng ng c dn ng
- M van iu chnh my bm lm vic ng vi tr s qui nh trn ng c tnh, khi
dng bm ng hon ton van chn. Ngt ng c in.
* Thit b in ca bm:
- Kim tra ng c in, cng sut ngun phi ln theo qui nh: in p sai lch 5%,
tn s li sai lch 2%.
- Kim tra dy dn v cc thit b ph tr, ng c in phi u dy tip t m bo
an ton.
- Vic tho lp ng c in phi c ngi c chuyn mn m nhim.
4.2. An ton s dng my hn in:
Trc khi lm vic phi kim tra my, dy dn in, hp che chn, mt bng t my, cu
dao in, b phn ni t an ton.
Khi khng lm vic hoc ngh ngi phi ng my v ngt cu dao in.
Nghim cm cng nhn iu khin my hn in ri v tr cng tc khi my hn ang

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hot ng.
4.3. Bin php thi cng m:
Cung cp cng nh sng bng h thng n pha chiu sng, m bo thi cng an
ton cho ngi v thit b ng thi th hin c tnh khoa hc.
IV. Bin php an ton in:
Thc hin theo TCVN 4086-85 an ton in trong xy dng.
Khi xy dng li in cng trng s c 2 h thng li in ring l:
- Li in ng lc.
- Li in chiu sng
Dy dn phc v thi cng phi l dy bc cch in, mc trn ct hoc gi cao t
nht l 2.5 mt vi mt bng thi cng v 5 mt i vi ni c xe qua li.
Cc n chiu sng c in th ln hn 36 vn c treo cch mt sn thao tc t nht 2,5
mt.
Khi s dng in trn cng trng s thit k s mng in c cu dao chung v cu
dao phn on.
Cc thit b ng ngt in trn h thng s c kim tra cht ch ch giao cho ngi c
trch nhim ng ngt in.
Ch c cng nhn in c hc an ton v c cp chng ch mi c sa cha,
u ni cc thit b in theo theo ch phin cng tc.
Cc gin gio bng kim loi, ng ray cu trc, cc b phn kim loi ca thit b xy
dng s c ni t bo v theo qui phm TCVN 4756-89.
Trn cng trng, cc thit b in s c mang bin bo theo qui nh ca TCVN
2573-78.
Cng nhn vn hnh thit b in, qun l in trn cng trng phi m bo cc yu
cu v o to, v sc kho, v phng tin phng h c nhn theo ph lc s 1 ca
TCVN 4086-85 v qui phm php lut hin hnh.
Trn cng trng c b tr phng cp cu TNL nht l tai nn v in git.
C mng li ATVS vin c hun luyn thc hnh v cng tc cp cu tai nn in
git.
V. Bin php phng chng chy n:
Tng hng mc cng trnh c thit lp ni qui phng chng chy n v t chc lc
lng xung kch ti ch tuyn truyn cho CNL c thc chp hnh PCCC ca Nh
nc ban hnh nm 1961 v ch th s 237 thng t ca Th tng Chnh ph v tng
cng cc bin php PCCC.
Thc hin cc qui nh ca TCVN 3255-1986 v an ton n.
Trn cng trng khi s dng vt liu gy chy n, hoc cc bnh sinh nn kh s phi
m bo an ton theo TCVN 4245-86.
Phi chp hnh ng trnh kim nh v xin cp giy php s dng cc thit b, vt liu
gy chy n theo thng t 22/1998 ca b LTBXH qui nh.
Hn ch dng cc gin gio, vt kin trc bng vt liu d chy ti cc vn phng, ln tri
ca cng nhn phi c b nc, dng c cu ho v cc bnh bt dp tt m chy nh
bnh bt AB-P10 v bnh CO2.
m bo an ton h thng in khng xy ra chp in gy chy.
VI. Bin php m bo v sinh mi trng:
Nh Thu s chu trch nhim trong sut qu trnh thi cng do nhim mi trng m
cng trng gy ra cho khu vc xung quanh. Nh thu s c nhng bin php x l cht

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thi (sinh hot, thi cng), c bin php gim khi bi, ting n, hn ch thi cng nhng
thit b gy ting n trong gi ngh ngi ca nhn dn.
Sau khi hon tt cc cng vic xy dng theo cc bn v thi cng v cc yu cu k thut
ca Gi thu, Nh thu s hon thin cng trnh, tho d cc cng trinhg tm, di chuyn
cc nguyn vt liu, thit b my mc ca Nh thu, s l cc cht thi, v sinh cng
trng, phc hi cc cc mc v tr li mi trng nguyn vn nh trc khi thi cng
cng trnh, san tr mt bng khu tm mn tr v cao ban u hoc tho thun vi ch
t v c ch t chp nhn bng vn bn.
Nh thu s giao tr t tm mn cho ch t ng hn, ng din tch ban u, c Bin
bn v c xc nhn ca Chnh quyn s ti. Ngc li Nh thu s chu bi hon chi
ph pht sinh nu c.
Nh thu phi thc hin mi cnh bo trnh gy ra h hi i vi t nng nghip,
ma mng v cc ti sn khc do nc chua thi ra t t chua phn trong khi thi cng.
Nh thu phi c mi thng tin cn thit t cc ban nghnh lin quan xc nh tnh
cht t s o v tin hnh o v no vt gim thiu vic lm l thin cng nh x
nc chua t trong t.
Nh thu c bin php trnh cho Ch u t khi b dn v ch t khiu ni v nhng
thit hi v mt mt ti t v ma v do t chua v nc ngm ra trong qu trnh thi
cng.
i vi cng tc qun l mi trng Nh thu cng s phi hp vi mt nhm gim st
do cng ng c ra (nu c) nh gim st t o, bi, ting n, no vt bn thng qua
cc thng s theo tiu chun v mi trng : ting n nhit , m, hm lng bi
Sau khi hon thin cc cng vic nu trn c cn b gim st Ch u t k vn bn
xc nhn, Nh thu mi thng bo cho Ch u t tin hnh nghim thu cng trnh hon
thnh.
Nh thu c cc bin php gim nhim nh trnh by di y. Trong trng hp cc
bin php ca nh thu cha trit , Nh thu s hp ng vi mt c quan chuyn
ngnh thc hin bng cc thit b o lng theo qui nh.
Trn ng vn chuyn vt liu, ph liu c tnh kh, ri, c bi phi m bo c bao che
chn bng li bt v to m thch hp chng gy nhim trn ng vn chuyn.
Ti nhng h o su, c bit l cng tc o bn, Nh thu to lp vi bao che cc
cng trnh xung quanh, khng bn t vng ln. Thng xuyn ti nc lm m
ct, gch, , nn sn, sn chng bi.
Cc ph thi xy dng phi c thu gom sch s, gn gng ngay v chuyn khi cng
trng.
Sp xp vt liu, dng c, thit b thi cng....gn gng hp l sau mi ngy thi cng.
Thit b thi cng phi bo m khng gy ting n qu mc cho php. Cc thit b, my
thi cng s c la chn cc mc gy n v rung ng nh. Dng cc bin php bao che
chng n, cch m.
Trn cng trng c h thng thot nc ma bng knh h ni vi cc h thng rnh
thot nc t cc cng trng theo t chc mt bng thi cng.
Khi ma kh ti cc tuyn ng t vn ti ni b s tin hnh phun nc chng bi.
Cc khu ln tri ca CBCN c b x t hoi, c khu v sinh cng cng v b nc sinh
hot.
Ngi lao ng khi lm vic trong mi trng bi, n s c trang b phng tin bo
v c nhn nh bao tai, nt tai, knh mt n v khu trang nhiu lp mng mng.

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VII. Quy trnh v m bo sc khe, an ton, vsmt:
m bo an ton lao ng cho ngi v my mc thit b, an ton phng chy cha
chy, an ton mi trng thi cng, n v thi cng phi chp hnh y , nghim tc cc
ni quy, quy phm an ton lao ng, bo h lao ng theo quy nh hin hnh ca Nh
nc. ng thi cn c cc iu kin khc ca cng trnh n v thi cng a ra quy
trnh nhm m bo an ton cho ton b qu trnh thi cng cng trnh ng thi ph hp
vi hon cnh c th.
* Cng tc chun b:
- Lp k hoch an ton bao gm y cc thnh phn: an ton lao ng, an ton chy
n, an ton mi trng, an ninh trt t.
- Thit lp h thng ti liu php l v cc ti liu hng dn lin quan n quy trnh an
ton, sc kho v v sinh mi tng ti cng trng. Cc ti liu c chng ti s dng
lm cn c gm: Lut lao ng, Quy chun Xy dng Vit Nam ban hnh theo quyt nh
s 682/BXD-CSXD ngy 14 thng 12 nm 1996, Lut mi trng, B tiu chun Vit
Nam cng cc vn bn php quy hin hnh ca nh nc.
- B tr, phn cng cn b chuyn trch, mng li cn b an ton trn cng trng.
* Trin khai thc hin, kim sot quy trnh:
Ni dung cng tc v phng php kim sot qu trnh nh sau:
1. Quy trnh an ton ti cng trng:
a. m bo ATL:
Xy dng h thng bin php chi tit m bo an ton cho ton b thnh phn tham gia
thi cng trn cng trng gm:
- i vi my mc thi cng.
- Quy nh tiu chun xe my c s dng thi cng trn cng trng. Cc quy nh ny
ph hp vi quy phm xy dng c bn v cc quy nh ca Nh nc.
- Quy nh tiu chun cng nhn s dng, iu khin thit b, my mc thi cng.
- Quy nh cc ni quy v bo qun, thi gian s dng v cc vn lin quan n yu
cu k thut ca thit b, my mc thi cng.
- Lp v thng xuyn kim tra s sch ghi chp tnh hnh s dng bo qun thit b.
- Xem xt, nghin cu iu chnh vic s dng thit b my mc cho ph hp v cng
sut, v thi gian s dng cng nh cc yu cu k thut khc ca thit b.
* i vi xe my, phng tin giao thng:
- Quy nh v tiu chun xe my tham gia thi cng.
- Quy nh v tiu chun s dng, iu khin xe my.
- Cc quy nh v thi gian hot ng, biu bo hnh, bo tr xe my.
- Quy nh v phm vi hot ng trn cng trng, cc bin bo, hng dn.
- Phi hp kim tra tnh hnh hot ng ca xe my gia n v thi cng v n v chc
nng.
- nh gi hiu qu s dng xe my, rt kinh nghim nhm tm kh nng tng nng sut,
hiu qu s dng xe my.
* Thit b nng, i:
- Quy nh v tnh nng, tiu chun hot ng, tiu chun cng nhn iu khin thit b.
- Nguyn tc hot ng trn mt bng, thi gian hot ng, s phi hp tham gia thi
cng.
- Quy nh v hnh lang an ton i vi thit b.
b. Quy trnh bo m sc kho CBCN thi cng trn cng trng:

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Tiu chun CBCNV iu kin tham gia thi cng trn cng trng. Tiu chun ny
ph hp vi quy nh ca B lao ng - Thng Binh X hi.
B tr cn b Y t thng trc ti hin trng, thng xuyn c k hoch theo di, khm
cha bnh nh k, gim st tnh hnh thc hin cc quy nh v bo h lao ng.
Kim sot cht ch iu kin n, , sinh hot, lao ng ca CBCNV c phng n x
l, iu chnh ( nu cn thit ) cho thch hp.
Lp bo co nh k v tnh hnh sc kho, bnh ngh nghip cng nh tin trnh theo di
trn cng trng.
2. Bo m an ninh khu vc:
* Quy trnh qun l mt bng:
- Phi hp vi chnh quyn a phng t chc qun l nhn s theo khu vc hnh chnh.
- T chc qun l xe c, thit b trn mt bng cng trnh.
- T chc qun l mt bng bng phng php hnh chnh - bo v.
- Gio dc thc t chc k lut nng cao tinh thn t gic ca ton CBCNV trn cng
trng.
* Quy trnh m bo an ninh trt t:
- R sot lc lng lao ng, xy dng cc phng n bo an ninh trt t trn mt bng.
- Gio dc thc CBCNV nhm nng cao trnh hiu bit v php lut.
- Phi hp cht ch vi chnh quyn a phng.
- Thng xuyn c kim tra t xut, kim tra nh k. C bin php iu chnh, thay i
tng cng m bo an ninh trt t ti cng trnh v a phng.
3. Quy trnh phng chy cha chy:
* C s thit lp quy trnh an ton PCCC:
- Php lnh ca Nh nc v PCCC.
- H tiu chun p dng cho cng trnh.
- iu kin mt bng, cc quy nh ca a phng v an ton PCCC.
* K hoch an ton PCCC, tin trnh thc hin, bin php kim tra qu trnh v nh gi
hiu qu:
- Ban ch huy cng trng thit lp mt mng li an ton PCCC. Qua cp nht thng
tin cn thit n tng CBCNV trn cng trng v vn ny.
- Lp k hoch an ton PCCC trong nu r cc vn : nh gi, nhn bit cc tc
nhn nguy c cao ti cng tc PCCC, cng tc chun b, cng tc mua sm thit b vt t
PCCC, cc phng n di chuyn, s tn trong cc trng hp c s c, phng n khc
phc hu qu.
- Trin khai thc hin theo k hoch ra.
- Thng xuyn rt kinh nghim cng tc PCCC trong cc cuc hp giao ban, b sung
hot iu chnh cc bin php, cc cn b hoc cc phng tin PCCC cho thch hp.
4. Quy trnh bo v an ton mi trng:
Nhm m bo cc quy nh ca nh nc v mi trng. Nh thu chng ti s thc
hin quy trnh qun l bo v an ton mi trng nh sau:
- Lp k hoch bo v mi trng: nh gi cc yu t c th gy tc hi n mi trng
- Lp s t chc cho mng li bo v mi trng. T chc ny c th kt hp hoc
kim nghim vi mng li an ninh trt t, an ton PCCC.
- Mua sm cc trang thit b, cc ho cht cn thit s l tnh hung.
- Thng xuyn n c, gio dc thc cho CBCNV v vic thc hin nhim v an
ton mi trng.

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- Lp quy ch r rng v ch thng, pht i vi vn gi gn v bo v mi
trng.
- Trong qu trnh thi cng lun lun c s theo di b sung, iu chnh cho ph hp v
sau khi hon thnh cng trnh, cn c bo co chnh thc v vn bo v mi trng.
y cng l c s cho vic thc hin nhim v bo v an ton mi trng cho cc cng
trnh sau ca nh thu.
IIX. Cc bin php gii quyt khi c s c xy ra
Trong qu trnh thi cng, d c bin php qun l, gim st cht ch, cn trng nhng
vn c th khng trnh khi c cc s c xy ra. Thng thng, s c c chia thnh:
- S c tai nn.
- S c h hng cng trnh.
- S c k thut.
Cn c vo cc quy nh hin hnh, cn c vo lng tm v trch nhim ngh nghip,
bng kinh nghim thc t, nh thu a ra cc bin php s l s c nh sau:
1. i vi s c tai nn
- Khi c tai nn xy ra, bt k l ai, bt k v l do g, nh thu lp tc tin hnh ngay
cc thao tc s cu, cp cu do ng ch qun y s thng trc ti cng trng hng
dn, ch nh.
- Mi vn khc c lin quan tip theo s c cc nh chc trch xem xt gii quyt.
Bit rng tt c cc tai nn lao ng, thng vong, t vong do bt cn hay do qu trnh thi
cng gy ra u do nh thu chu trch nhim. Tuyt i khng i hi hoc gy phin h
cho pha ch u t.
2. i vi s c h hng cng trnh
Khi c s c xy ra, bt lun nguyn nhn no, nh thu cng t chc tin hnh ngay vic
khc phc s b, nhm ngn chn cc h hng tip theo. Sau bo co vi cc bn c
lin quan nh: ch u t, c quan t vn thit k, t vn gim st... thng nht kin,
xc nh nguyn nhn, xc nh trch nhim tm bin php khc phc ti u, hu hiu
nht.
3. i vi cc s c k thut
S c k thut tng i a dng nh:
- S c do nhm ln, st, thiu hoc bt hp l t pha c quan thit k m khi thi cng
mi pht hin ra. Nu xy ra tnh trng ny, nh thu s lp tc cho tm dng thi cng
phn vic , bo co gim st k thut bn A, ch u t v c quan t vn thit k
xin kin ch o.
- S c do thi cng khng ng thit k, khng tun theo quy trnh quy phm chuyn
ngnh, hoc s dng vt t, vt liu sai quy cch, khng m bo cht lng...
- Khi c pht hin, bt k do ngi c trch nhim hoc khng c trch nhim pht
hin v phn nh, nh thu s c on cn b gm Gim c (hoc ph Gim c) cng
ty, cn b phng K thut, phng K hoch ca cng ty xung tn hin trng xc minh
thng tin. Nu ng, lp tc tm thi nh ch phn vic thi cng c vi phm; trao i vi
cc bn c lin quan, xin kin ch o ca ch u t khc phc, sa cha cc sai st
vi phm; d b, lm li tt c nhng hng mc thi cng phi k thut (khi c yu cu);
xem xt mc vi phm ca ngi thc hin, nu l vi phm c tnh, vi phm c h
thng th kin quyt buc thi vic ti cng trng Hi ng k lut ca cng ty gii
quyt.
- Tt c cc chi ph khc phc, sa cha, lm li nu trn u do nh thu chu trch

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nhim v iu kin.
h. Bin php m bo cht lng cng trnh:
I. Phn chung
Trc khi tin hnh thi cng Nh thu trnh Ch u t K hoch m bo cht lng v
S tay cht lng p dng cho cng trnh ny.
K hoch m bo cht lng c xy dng ph hp vi yu cu cht lng ca h s
mi thu v m bo cc tiu chun c p dng i vi cng trnh ny.
Thc hin k hoch m bo cht lng c thc hin xuyn sut trong sut qu trnh
thc hin: t chun b thi cng n hon thin bn giao v bo hnh cng trnh.
II. qun l cht lng vt liu xy dng
1. Ngun gc vt t, tiu chun p dng.
Vt t cung cp tun theo thit k k thut v cc yu cu k thut ca Gi thu.
Mt s vt t chnh s dng cho cng trnh ny:
- Xi mng s dng sn phm ca nh cung cp Nh my xi mng Hong Thch Tng
cng ty xi mng Vit Nam hoc loi Xi mng tng ng.
- B tng thng phm, trn ti trm trn ti Cng ty C phn Bch ng 5 Tng cng
ty xy dng Bch ng.
- Ct xy dng l loi theo TCVN1770-1986.
- dm, si l loi theo TCVN 1771-1987
- Ct thp cho b tng: Thp Nam hoc tng ng.
2. Bin php cung cp v m bo cht lng mt s vt t chnh:
2.1. Xi mng
Xi mng dng trong cng trnh l Xi mng Hi Phng hoc tng ng, m bo nhng
yu cu sau:
a. Xi mng xut xng a vo cng trnh phi c giy chng nhn cht lng km theo
vi ni dung:
- Tn c s sn xut.
- Tn gi, k hiu mc v cht lng xi mng theo tiu chun no .
- Loi hm lng ph gia (nu c) .
- Khi lng xi mng xut xng v s hiu l
- Ngy thng nm sn xut xi mng
b. Bao gi xi mng m bo quy nh cho mi bao 50 kg 1kg. Bao ng xi mng l
lai bao giy Krat c t nht 4 lp hoc cc lai bao (polipropilen) m bo xi mng
khng b rch v khi vn chuyn v khng lm gim cht lng xi mng .
Trn v bao xi mng ngoi nhn hiu ng k phi c : Tn, mc xi mng, khi lng
bao v s hiu l.
Vn chuyn xi mng: Xi mng c chuyn ch bng mi phng tin, m bo c
che ma. Khng c php ch chung xi mng vi cc loi ho cht c nh hng n
cht lng xi mng.
Bo qun xi mng: Xi mng phi c bo qun ni kh ro cch m.Kho cha xi
mng phi m bo kh, sch, cao, c tng bao v mi che chc chn, c li cho xe ra
vo xut nhp d dng.Trong kho cc bao xi mng khng c xp cao qu 10 bao, cch
tng t nht 20cm v ring theo tng l.
2.2. Ct, :
* Ct :
Ct s dng vo cng trnh phi theo tiu chun Vit Nam 1770-1986.

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Ct kho hoc trong khu vc phi trnh t, ln rc hoc cc tp cht khc.
Ct s dng vo cng trnh phi ghi r a ch, tn c s sn xut, ct lai g ( ct b
tng, ct trt, ct xy ...)
Trc khi a vo cng trnh mu ct c th nghim ti phng th nghim t tiu
chun, yu cu ca HSMT.
* dm cc loi:
dm nhp vo cng trnh c chng nhn ca b phn KCS ca c s sn xut, nghim
thu v cht lng theo l. S lng ca mi l l 200m3.
Khi nhn vo cng trnh th kho phi nhn ng chng lai kch c v c chng
ch km theo.Nhn v s lng v h s v giy chng nhn cht lng ca mi l
c ghi r :
- Tn c s sn xut .
- Tn
- S th t ca l thi gian sn xut .
- Kt qu cc ch tiu, k thut kim tra theo TCVN 1772-1987.
- Phi c ch k cu trng KCS c s sn xut v ng du.
Khi vn chuyn hay bo qun bi hoc kho cha dm ring theo tng loi, trnh
lm bn hoc ln cc tp cht khc.
Trc khi a vo cng trnh mu c th nghim t tiu chun, yu cu ca HSMT.

2.3. Thp xy dng:

Thp s dng trong d n ny l thp Nam hoc tng ng.
Thp a vo s dng trong cng trnh c chng ch xc nhn cht lng ca c s sn
xut. Trong c ghi :
- Tn c s sn xut
- S hiu l hng
- ng knh thp (thp trn)
- Hnh dng kch thc (thp hnh)
- S hiu ca tiu chun ny.
- Khi lng ca l hng.
- S lng cun, cy
- Kt qu th.
Thp c bo qun ni kh ro trnh t trn nn t vn chuyn thp trong iu kin
chng g v bo m tnh c l ca n
Thp trong cng trnh phi c lm gi k cao so vi mt t 200250mm. Vn
chuyn nh nhng khng lm nh hng n s bin dng ca thp. trnh ma thp
cn k trong ln c mi che.
Cc loi cu kin thp hnh vn chuyn n cng trng c gi k theo quy nh, c
ging no chc chn c chng lt, chng x dch hoc va p vo nhau v vo thnh
xe. Khi xp d cc kt cu thp hnh lp ghp phi tun theo ng ch dn thit k v
s v ch mc cp v cch b tr sp t trn phng tin vn chuyn. Thp trc khi
a vo cng trnh c ko nn theo tng l ti phng th nghim kim tra cng
thp.
2.4. Cc loi vt liu khc:
Tt c cc loi vt t khc a vo s dng cho cng trnh u c ghi nhn, c chng
ch xc nhn cht lng ca c s sn xut.

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Cc vt liu khc trc khi a vo cng trnh u c ch u t duyt mu v duyt
mu sc.
Trong cng tc cung ng m bo v s lng v cht lng. Vt t kh nh c bo
qun trong kho, c mi che gi m. Khi vn chuyn vt t tu tng loi, xp, t ln xe
cho hp l theo quy nh .
3. Th nghim vt liu:
Nh thu tin hnh th nghim cc loi vt liu a vo s dng cho cng trnh theo yu
cu ca Ch u t.
Nh thu b tr 01 phng th nghim hin trng vi y cc thit b th nghim s
dng cho cng tc kim tra cht lng.
Phng th nghim c s dng l phng th nghim theo ch nh ca Ch u t hoc
phng th nghim theo ngh ca Nh thu m c Ch u t v T vn chp thun.
4. Quy trnh nm bt th trng, mua sm, kim sot nh cung cp:
n v thi cng s lp quy trnh chi tit tm hiu, la chn, mua sm, qun l cht
lng v qun l nh cung cp cc vt t, vt liu cho cng trnh. Ni dung nh sau:
4.1. Chun b k hoch mua sm:
Cn c vo cc tiu chun thit k, hoch nh k hoch cht lng cho cc vt t, vt
liu chnh, ph cho ton b cng trnh.
Chun b y hoc c k hoch chi tit v vic tm cc i tc tiu chun phi
hp kim sot, kim tra cc vt t, nguyn vt liu a vo thi cng.
m bo s tng thch gia quy trnh sn xut, lp t, kim tra th nghim v h thng
cc vn bn p dng i vi cng trnh.
4.2. Tm hiu, nh gi th trng:
Cn c cc d liu nguyn vt liu bao gm:
- Chng loi.
- Cp, kiu.
- Du hiu chnh xc theo yu cu thit k.
B phn qun l v cung ng vt t ca cng trnh s tm hiu cc ngun cung ng c
th a ra mt danh sch ngun cung ng s b nhm rt ra danh sch rt gn cc nh
cung ng.
4.3. Nhn bit, xc nh ngun gc, kim sot sn phm, kim sot qu trnh:
Vic xc nh ngun gc ca sn phm l yu cu rt cn thit nhm m bo tnh ng
nht v ph hp ca nguyn vt liu do vy chng ti s cng cc nh cung cp lp v
duy tr cc th tc dng vn bn nhn bit thng nht cc nguyn vt liu n chic
hoc l sn phm.
Bn n v thi cng s lp v duy tr cc th tc dng vn bn kim sot vic kim tra
xc nhn, bo qun v bo dng sn phm do khch hng cung cp d dng qun l
quy trnh cung ng cng nh cht lng vt liu.
Ngi cung ng cn m bo rng cc vt t, vt liu phi c php s dng v lu
hnh. xc nh tnh ng n ca cc nh cung cp, cn b k thut ca nh thu phi
kim tra tn ni sn phm, cung ng ca nh cung cp v xem xt cc ti liu xc nhn
cht lng ca nh cung ng.
Trong hoc sau khi cung ng, khi c yu cu ca ch u t hoc c quan chc nng, nh
cung ng phi trnh cc vn bn cn thit hoc thc hin cc th nghim xc nh s ng
n ca vt t, vt liu a vo cng trnh.
Quy trnh theo di v kim sot nguyn vt liu c thc hin theo nguyn tc: ton b

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nguyn vt liu chnh u phi c kim tra cht lng v c xc nhn trc khi a
vo s dng.
5. Qui trnh qun l v kim tra cht lng vt t cng trnh
a) T chc qun l
Thit lp h thng qun l cht lng (KCS) t ban ch huy cng trng ti cc i, t
sn xut.
Ti ban ch huy cng trng chng ti b tr 01 k s chuyn trch lm cng tc kim tra
cht lng (KCS). Di cc i xy dng v cc n v tham gia thi cng u c cn b
bn chuyn trch lm cng tc ny.
Nh thu chu s gim st k thut ca K s T vn gim st thay mt cho Ch u t.
Nh thu lun tun th mi iu khon trong hp ng thi cng c k kt vi ch
u t, tun th cc tiu chun, quy phm, cc quy ch, iu l v cc vn bn php quy
hin hnh.
H thng t chc qun l, gim st cht lng cng trnh, qun l kim tra cht lng vt
t s dng cho cng trnh v qun l iu hnh, kim tra thit b a vo cng trnh c
th hin theo s sau y:

b) Kim tra cu kin, sn phm gia cng

Thc hin gim st k thut cht ch, hai bn A v B tin hnh kim tra nghim thu tng
kt cu, tng b phn cng trnh v ch khi no cht lng phn vic trc t yu cu
mi cho php tin hnh cc phn vic tip sau.
Mi nhn xt v cht lng cng trnh u phi c ghi y vo nht k cng trnh
theo quy nh.
Tt c nhng yu cu v quyt nh ca t vn gim st hoc ngi i din cho bn thi
cng u phi thng qua ch u t. Nh thu khng t thay i cc chng loi vt liu
v quy cch k thut cc hng mc cng trnh nu trong bn v thit k cng nh trong
bng tnh gi d thu.
Ton b cht lng cc cng vic, vt t, vt liu c m bo bng cc chng ch ca
ni sn xut, chng ch th nghim, chng ch nghim thu, bn v hon cng.
Kim tra vt liu, vt t... trc khi a vo s dng.
Nh thu s ghi nht k cho tt c cc cng vic nh thi cng o p, b tng, ct thp...
Nht k m t cng vic, a im, kch thc, dung sai, khi lng cng vic hon
thnh v cc s liu ph khc c lin quan.
Thc hin ng quy trnh k thut v bin php thi cng c ph chun. Ngoi bin
php, tin thi cng nh thu trnh by trong h s Thuyt minh Bin php t chc
thi cng chng ti s trin khai bin php, tin chi tit cho tng hng mc v cng
vic. Ngoi ra, ban ch huy cng trng t chc giao ban thng xuyn (sau mi bui
lm vic) c rt kinh nghim, iu cng vic nhm m bo cht lng cao nht
v ng tin thi cng cng trnh.
III. Qun l cht lng cng trnh
Nh thu chu trch nhim v qun l cht lng cng trnh theo Ngh nh
209/2004/N-CP ca Th tng Chnh ph ngy 16/12/2004.
1. Cng tc t kim tra cht lng ca Nh thu:
Thc hin thi cng ng theo thit k k thut v cc yu cu k thut ca Gi thu. Tin
hnh ng trnh t nghim thu theo Ngh nh 209/2004/N-CP ca Th tng Chnh

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ph ngy 16/12/2004.
Nh thu trnh y quy trnh, phng n v kt qu t kim tra cht lng vt liu,
cu kin v sn phm xy dng vi Ch u t kim tra v gim st.
Nh thu ngh Ch u t t chc nghim thu cc cng tc xy lp hon thnh sau
khi b phn qun l cht lng ca Nh thu kim tra v xc nhn.
2. T chc nghim thu:
Cng tc nghim thu cng trnh c tin hnh tng t ngay sau khi hon thnh nhng
phn che khut ca cng trnh (nn mng), nhng kt cu chu lc, nhng b phn, hng
mc v ton cng trnh.
T chc nghim thu tun theo Ngh nh 209/2004/N-CP ca Th tng Chnh ph
ngy 16/12/2004.
Qui trnh nghim thu tng cng tc: thi cng mng, ... c thc hin theo qui trnh
nghim thu c trnh by trong phn D - gii php k thut chnh.
Quy trnh kim tra nghim thu
Quy trnh kim tra v nghim thu thi cng tng phn v ton b cng trnh c tin
hnh nh sau:
a. Nguyn tc:
Ton b cc cng vic, cc hng mc cng trnh sau khi thi cng xong u c nghim
thu trc khi tin hnh cc cng vic tip theo.
Ch nghim thu nhng cng vic xy lp, b phn kt cu, thit b, hng mc cng trnh
khi hon ton ph hp vi thit k c duyt, tun theo nhng yu cu tiu chun k
thut v khi lng cng tc xy lp thit k quy nh.
b. C s nghim thu:C s cn c cho cng tc nghim thu bao gm:
- H s thit k thi cng, ton b cc bn v thi cng, ti liu hng dn, ti liu a cht,
cc cng vn, vn bn thay i ( nu c ) ca ch u t v n v thit k.
- Cc tiu chun c ch nh p dng.
- Cc thng t, vn bn hng dn ca chnh ph, ca B xy dng v ca ngnh.
c. Nghim thu tng phn, nghim thu tng th:
Vic nghim thu tng phn, nghim thu tng th cc hng mc c thc hin theo k
hoch sau bi Ban nghim thu c s do ch u t ch tr thnh phn ban nghim thu c
s bao gm:
- i din ch u t lm trng ban.
- Cn b k thut gim st thi cng ca ch u t.
- Ban iu hnh d n (i din cho nh thu)
-T chc thit k.
* Trch nhim ca ban nghim thu c s:
- Tin hnh nghim thu mt cch thng xuyn trong qu trnh xy lp nhng i tng
sau:
- Cng vic xy lp hon thnh.
- Nhng b phn cng trnh s b lp kn: phn mng, cng trnh ngm
- Nhng kt cu chu lc quan trng.
- Nhng giai on chuyn bc thi cng.
* i vi nghim thu cng trnh a vo s dng ban nghim thu c s cn phi kim
tra cc h s bao gm:
- Bin bn nghim thu cc b phn cng trnh khut kn.
- Bin bn nghim thu cc b phn cng trnh quan trng.

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- Bin bn nghim thu cc giai on chuyn bc thi cng.
- Nht k cng trnh.
* Khi tin hnh nghim thu cng trnh a vo s dng, ban nghim thu c s cn thc
hin cc cng vic sau:
- Kim tra ti ch cc phn vic hon thnh.
- Kim tra s hon cng ca phn vic hon thnh.
- Kim tra cc ti liu th nghim, o c, cc vn bn khc lp trong quy trnh thi
cng.

Quy trnh lp t thang my

Cng tc chun b trc lc tin hnh lp t Cng tc chun b ng vai tr quan trng
m bo ng tin lp t. Cng tc chun b bao gm cc cng vic sau:

1. Kim tra kch thc hnh hc ca ging thang .

2. Kim tra bung t thang my

3. Chun b mt bng v kho cha thit b Mt bng thi cng. Kho cha thit b

4. Lp phng php lp t v tp kt thit b, dng c thi cng Lp phng n lp t.

Tp kt thit b trc khi lp t Cng tc tin hnh lp t
4.1. Tip nhn thit b thang my
4.2. T chc tip nhn
4.3. Sp xp thit b trong kho
4.4. Lp bin bn sau khi kim k

5. Lp t thang my

6. Nhng cng tc cn lm trc khi tin hnh lp t

6.1. Nghim thu ging thang
6.2. Nghim thu bung t my

7. a b ti ko, vt t v thit b ln phng t my C hai phng n c th a b

ti ko, vt t v thit b ln bung t my Phng n I Dng cn cu a ln sn
tng mi v a vo bung my. Phng n ch thc hin c khi cn cu c tm vi
a b ti v t in iu khin n tn ca ca bung t my, ng thi ca phi
ln c th a c my vo, nu khng, vic a b ti ko qua sn mi vo bung
t my s rt phc tp, c bit mt sn bung t my li cao hn sn mi th li cng
phc tp hn. Phng n II Dng pa lng in hoc ti in, hoc ti quay tay a b
ti ko v cc thit b vt t ln bung t my qua ging thang. Phng n ny hon
ton ch ng v khng ph thuc vo cao ca bung t my. Sn t my khi b
tng phi tr l a ton b ti ln, kch thc ca l ti thiu phi ln ( t nht
1000 x 1000mm), ph thuc vo tng thang.

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8. Bng di

9. Lp ca tng

10. Lp ngng ( chn) ca tng

11. Lp bo ca tng

12. Lp u ca tng

13. Lp cnh ca tng

14. Lp ray cabin v i trng

15. Lp khung i trng v i trng

16. Lp cabin

17. Lp b ti ko bung t my

18. Lp cp chu lc

19. Lp b cm bin tc

20. Ri v c nh dy ui trong ging thang

21. Lp cc b phn cn li trong ging thang

22. u in Thuyt minh quy trnh lp t Cng ty chng ti s dng bin php thi cng
khng dn gio. Bin php ny c Thanh tra Nh Nc cho php p dng. Ni dung
c th nh sau:
1. Lp khung sn thao tc ti v tr tng cao nht
2. Lp khung g bn di: - Khung g bn di s c lp trong h thang sau khi hn
theo khung g trn cng. - Hai bc trn cng vi vic ly chun h thang, xc nh du
s c tin hnh trc khi thit b ng b v chn cng trnh. - Khi thit b ng b h
thng thang v n chn cng trnh tin hnh cc bc lp t sau y.
3. Lp gi ray, Ray hng dn Dng dn gio xy dng (03 b cho mt thang) lp
gi ray v 2 ray dn hng ban u, iu chnh ray dn (hnh v 3).
4. Lp t khung Cabin v khung i trng ti tng 1 - B khung Cabin gm c khung
di , khung ng, sn Cabin, thanh ging v khung trn. - Lm bo v sn bng vn p
V75 v tm thanh cp pha c dy 30mm
5. Lp thit b an ton chng ri (Governor) Governor l thit b an ton quan trng nht,
khi tc ca sn Cabin vt 1,3 ln tc cho php (V d nh cp hoc dy xch ko
b t v sn Cabin b ri t do) th Governor c hiu lc. N kp dy cp Governor vo
mc c nh v lm dng cp.
6. Lp ray hng dn cn li - Dng sn Cabin cng vi governor lp ray hng dn

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cn li. - Tt c ray hng dn s c t ti tng 1 (Pha trc ca mi h thang) -
Tt c ray s c lp tng ray mt bng cch s dng Palng in ko chng vo v
tr.
7. t my ko vo phng my(Dng Palng) Dng Palng cu ko my ln, t vo
phng my. My ko s c t v tr c nh sau khi kim tra chnh xc v tr ca
n
8. Th lp cp ko (Cp ti) Khung i trng nm tng di cng. Khung Cabin nm
tng trn cng v s c t v tr c nh bi Palng cho n khi hon tt vic lp cp
ti.
9. Lp ca tng - Sau khi lp cp ti, s dng Cabin lp ca tng ti mi tng. - Tt c
thit b ca tng s c chuyn trc n mi tng.
10. i dy in, lp bng bm, bng hin th - Ging nh vic lp ca tng, chng ti
cng dng sn Cabin i dy in trong h thang. - Sn Cabin s c di chuyn dc
theo h n mi tng lp in ti ca tng. - Kt hp vic lp cc nt bm v bng
hin th. - Lp bng in n dc h. - i in y h.
11. Chy ch UD hiu chnh h thang
12. Chy t ng v hiu chnh m khi dng, khi ng, v chnh xc khi dng S
dng thit b Mini Consonler chuyn dng kim tra v lp trnh thay i cc thng s
thang cho ph hp vi mi ch ti.
13. V sinh ton b thang my
14. Kim tra v nghim thu ni b thang my
15. Kim nh cp Giy php s dng cho thang my
16. Tin hnh bn giao nghim thu Cc cng vic trn s c tin hnh di s gim st
ca cc cn b k thut c kinh nghim. Vic gi v sinh chung cng nh trnh gy nh
hng n cc hng mc khc trong to nh s c thc hin bi mi thnh vin trong
t lp t. Cc bnh kh CO2 s c trang b phng chng chy n khi thi cng. Cc
cng vic lin quan n cc n v trong to nh s c thng xuyn phi hp m
bo ng tin .

Cch la chn thang my

CCH LA CHN THANG MY

Ngy nay cng vi vic cng nghip ha v hin i ha x hi ngy cng pht trin, cc
ta nh cng ngy cng cao hn v hin i hn. Mt yu t khng th thiu v nhu cu
th hin s b th sang trng ca ta nh l nhng thang my lp t bn trong. V vy
thang my l mt phn khng th thiu v ng gp vai tr rt quan trng cng nh lm
tng thm s sang trng cho ta nh. Chnh v nhng yu t trn nn s cn thit phi
trang b, la chn mt h thng thang my sao cho khng nhng m bo c tnh thm
m, tin dng v an ton cho ngi s dng m phi c kch thc nh gn ph hp vi
kin trc ca ta nh l iu m rt nhiu ngi ang quan tm, nht l hin nay trn th
trng Vit nam c qu nhiu hng thang my vi thit k a dng v phong ph v mu
m . Vi mc ch gip Qu khch c th la chn c mt h thng thang my ph
hp vi cc tiu ch m Qu khch mong mun c v cht lng, hnh thc v kinh ph

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d kin chng ti xin a ra mt s ch dn v tiu ch sau:

Bc 1: La chn loi thang

V thang my c thit k v ch to vi nhiu kiu dng v chng loi nh thang ch

khch, ch hng, thang bnh vin, thang ch t..v..v..m mi loi li c chc nng v
cng dng khc nhau. V vy nn cn c vo nhu cu v mc ch s dng thang la
chn loi thang v kiu thang thch hp. Qu khch c th tham kho chc nng ca tng
loi thang di y:
Thang my ch khch: Thang my thng dng chuyn phc v cho cc vn phng,
Cng ty, khch sn, siu th...v..v...cho bn cm gic nh nhng, thoi mi.
Thang my lng knh: Thang my thch hp cho cc to nh sang trng v cc siu th
cao cp. Trang nh v lch s.
Thang cun: Thang my ph hp cho cc nh hng, khch sn, siu th vi v p sang
trng v hin i.
Thang my dch v: Thang my thit k ring cho cc khch sn, nh hng, ngn hng...
dng ch hng v thc n rt thun tin, nhanh chng v hiu qu.
Thang my bnh vin: Thang my chuyn dng cho cc bnh vin ch bng ca v
bnh nhn em li cm gic yn tm, d chu cho ngi bnh.
Thang my gia nh: Thang my dnh tng ring cho cc gia nh. Vi cu trc nh,
gn s tit kim ti a din tch cho gia nh bn.
Thang my thy lc: Thang my chuyn ch cc vt siu nng. Ch cn nhn nt hng
tn hng trong nhy mt v tr bn mong mun.
Thang t: Thang chuyn dng nng t, an ton nhanh chng v chnh xc. Thch
hp cho cc chung c, khu xe t ....v..v....

Bc 2:La chn s thang v ti trng

Sau khi Qu khch la chn c loi thang l thang ch khch hay ch hng, thang
cnh hay thang bnh vin..v..v... Qu khch hy cn c vo kch thc h thang (nu
cng trnh thi cng v c sn h thang) lu lng, mt v s ngi s dng thang
my trong to nh la chn ti trng thang v s lng thang my thch hp lp cho
cng trnh . Thng thng ngi ta c cch tnh nh sau:
i vi to nh lm vic cao tng: l ni thng c mt i nhiu vo cng mt thi
im v ln cng mt tng nn ngi ta thng quy nh mi thang s phc v khong
250 ngi. Nu to nh c 1000 ngi th s lng thang cn cho to nh s l
1000:250 = 4 thang. Ti trng cho nhng thang ny thng t 900kg 1000kg, cabin c
th cho 13 n 15 ngi mt ln i. Trong trng hp to nh ln c th chn thang
c trng ti ln hn v cabin c th cho t 17 ngi tr ln.
i vi cc chung c: l ni c lu lng ngi i nhiu v thng xuyn nn mi
thang s phc v cho khong 500 ngi. Thng thng ngi ta hay chn cc thang c
ti trng nh t 600-900kg, tuy nhin thang 1000kg cng c la chn trong trng hp
din tch chung c ln, lng ngi i nhiu v chi ph u t ban u tt.
i vi cc khch sn hoc nh t nhn: l ni mt v lu lng ngi i li t hn
so vi cc to nh lm vic v chung c nn ngi ta thng quy nh mi thang s phc
v khong 150 ngi. Ti trng thang cho cc cng trnh ny thng nh t 450kg

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600kg.
i vi cc bnh vin: l ni c mt i li ca cc y bc s, bnh nhn v ngi nh
cng tng i ln, hn na do c th ca bnh vin l phi ch bnh nhn bng bng
ca hoc xe y nn yu cu din tch cabin v ca cabin phi rng hn thang ch khch
thng thng. V vy khi chn thang cho bnh vin ngi ta thng la chn thang c ti
trng ln t 1000kg tr ln.

Bc 3: La chn tc thang

Sau khi la chn c loi thang, s thang v ti trng thang Qu khch s phi la
chn tc thch hp cho thang. Tc thang my s ph thuc vo loi thang v s
tng, s tng cng cao th tc cng ln. Qu khch c th tham kho cch tnh sau:
Vi cc to nh lm vic cao tng th tc ca thang s c tnh bng cch nhn s
tng ca to nh vi 10.
V d: to nh lm vic c 15 tng th tc ca thang s l : 15x10 =150m/pht
Tc ca thang ti cc chung c thng thp bng mt na so vi cc to nh cao tng
do nhng ngi s dng thang nhiu tng khc nhau nn trong qu trnh vn chuyn
thang s dng lin tc.
Tc ca thang ti cc khch sn s c tnh bng cch nhn s tng ca to nh vi
7,5 .
Ngoi ra Qu khch nn lu i vi thang bnh vin trnh cho bnh nhn cm thy
chng mt v trnh nguy him trong khi vn chuyn hng nng i vi thang ch hng
thng ngi ta s chn tc thp t 30m/pht n 60m/pht.

Bc 4: La chn ni tht cabin

Sau khi thc hin ba bc trn la chn c thang my ph hp vi cng trnh

ca mnh, Qu khch tin hnh bc cui cng l la chn ni tht cabin. Vic la chn
ni tht cabin s ph thuc vo loi thang, mc ch s dng thang, a im lp t v v
tr ca to nh cng nh chi ph u t ban u. V vy tit kim chi ph v d dng
cho vic bo qun gi gn ni tht cabin sch p chng ti xin a ra mt s gi sau:
- Nhng thang cn thit phi la chn ni tht cabin p v sang trng:
+ Khch sn (nht l cc khch sn t 3 sao tr ln)
+ Thang lng knh
+ Thang c lp ti nhng ni quan trng mang tm c quc gia v dnh n khch
quc t.
+ To nh lm vic hin i, sang trng.
+ Cc siu th cao cp.
- Nhng thang khng cn thit phi la chn ni tht cabin p v sang trng:
+ Thang c lp chuyn vn chuyn hng ho
+ Thang c lp ti nhng ni c lu lng ngi dng nhiu nh chung c, bnh vin,
trng hc, c quan.
+ Thang lp ti cc nh my, phn xng, thang ch thc n
Trn y l 4 bc chnh khi la chn thang my, ngoi ra khi la chn h thng thang
my Qu khch cng nn ch mt s tiu ch sau:
1. Thch nghi c kh hu nhit i ha ca cng trnh trong mi iu kin thi tit.

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2. p ng c nhu cu v tn sut s dng ca ta nh.
3. Thit b c la chn cho h thng hin i, mc t ng ho cao. H thng lm
vic tin cy, vn hnh n gin, thun tin cho vic bo dng sa cha v c bit l h
thng c kh nng tit kim nng lng ti a.
4. m bo c tnh thm m tng th cho ta nh, to cm gic sang trng.
5. Gim thiu ti a vn chi ph ban u.
6. Thang vn hnh m, khng rung lc, vn hnh n nh, thun tin cho ngi s dng.
7. Thi gian lp t khng ko di.
8. p ng ti a cc yu cu k thut :
- Thit b bn, hot ng an ton, n nh cao.
- Tiu hao nng lng t.
- m bo tiu chun an ton v sinh mi trng.
- C uy tn trn th trng v cht lng, gi c.
- t c cc tiu chun v cht lng, thit k, an ton thang my theo tiu chun ca
Vit Nam v quc t.
- n v cung cp c quan h tt v ng tin cy vi nh cung cp thit b ph tng
thay th, d dng c nhp khu, ng chng loi, nhanh v khng phi chi ph cao (u
tin cho cc hng c quan h u quyn i l vi nh thu).
- c s dng nhiu trong cc cng trnh c tnh cht tng t.
- Hng ch to thang my c kh nng ti chnh tt, c kinh nghim lu nm trong vic
lp t v ch to thang my.

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