Myanmar

In 2012-13, there were just over 50 private schools in Myanmar but in 2016-17 this number has
since grown to 585 private schools nationwide. That would mean private schools have been
mushrooming at a rate of over a 100 schools each year in the last five years.

In Myanmar, private education is governed by the Private School Registration Act which was
adopted on December 2, 2011.

there were too many children in government schools.

enrolled his son in the Amae Eain (Mother House) private school because he didnt have enough
time to care for his son due to his career. The other reason is that there isnt that much difference in
school fees.

And tuition fees are at least K150,000 in public schools. On top of that, guide fees are K30,000 per
subject. The amount of guide fees is nearly K200,000 for all subjects. If we add other expenses there
isnt much difference compared to private school fees, he added.

https://www.mmtimes.com/national-news/yangon/25975-why-private-schools-are-the-better-
choice.html

The Government committed to spending more money in education sector. The Government
spending for education sector is currently MMK 1.4 trillion for 2014-15 fiscal year.

http://www.myanmarinsider.com/booming-education-market-in-myanmar/

http://myanmar-law-library.org/law-library/laws-and-regulations/laws/myanmar-laws-1988-until-
now/union-solidarity-and-development-party-laws-2012-2016/myanmar-laws-2014/pyidaungsu-
hluttaw-law-no-41-2014-national-education-law-burmese-and-english.html

file:///D:/Users/Wipl_61/Downloads/2014-09-30-national_education_law-41-en.pdf

Regulations for starting a private school

http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs18/2011-12-02-Private_School_Registration_Law_14-en.pdf

http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs19/2014-09-30-National_Education_Law-41-bu.pdf

According to the Private School Registration Act, all institutions that have School in their names,
must teach the syllabus set by the MOE.

And those named CENTRES, are free to use their own syllabus.
https://consult-myanmar.com/2017/05/08/shut-over-confusion-horizon-international-schools-
renamed/

While international schools, teaching foreign curriculum, had been operating for some time, only the
ultra-rich could afford them and for those unlikely to pursue further education or jobs abroad
afterward they made a poor bet. Private schools, on the other hand, offered an alternative, teaching
the required core Myanmar curriculum but also offering extra focus on English, as well as more
diversity in teaching enriched subjects such as music or sport, plus smaller class sizes (and hence
lower student-teacher ratios) than their public counterparts.

A year of private enrollment costs around K500,000 for primary school, K800,000 for secondary
school and K1,000,000 for high school. Its still too much for most, but reasonably accessible for the
urban middle class.

https://www.mmtimes.com/special-features/207-education-2015/14525-lining-up-for-private-
schools.html

In handing out permits, the government is known to assess a number of factors, including facilities
such as the playground, the library, student numbers, teaching equipment and laboratories. Private
schools are supposed to have at least 300 students, though U Khin Maung Cho said enforcement on
this metric is sometimes lax, something he criticises.

If a school does not reach the stated requirements, I wish they would not allow that school to open.
I wish they would not give permits easily to increase the number of private schools. Another
controversy in private schooling, he said, is that some students enroll for show without attending in
reality. These are facts which could destroy private schools. Schools should warn each other,
Conceptual Framework for basic education reforms
An estimated 2.7 million learners (aged five to 16 years) have either never enrolled in school or have
dropped out of the formal education system.

https://firstrangoon.files.wordpress.com/2017/02/nesp-english.pdf

Education Pathway
Background of education system

Basic education:

The current basic education system comprises of five years of primary education (KG to Grade 4),
four years of lower secondary and two years of upper secondary education. There are currently
47,363 basic education schools in Myanmar reaching approximately 9.26 million students. The
majority of these schools are managed by the Department of Basic Education within the MOE.

Alternative education (AE):

The MOE provides access to alternative education through a NFE Primary Education Equivalency
Programme (NFP EP) for out-of-school children and a Summer Basic Literacy Programme (SBLP) for
adults. The NFP EP is currently being implemented in 89 townships where it is reaching 11,234
learners. The SBLP was restarted in 2013 and it reached 22,444 learners. This figure doubled in 2014
to 46,478 learners.
Number of schools, teachers and students in basic education (2016)

School Category No of Basic Education No of Basic Education No of Basic Education

schools (2016) Teachers (2016) students (2016)
Upper Secondary 3513 34393 783832
Lower Secondary 6224 129945 2795607
Primary 35650 158176 5184041
Monastic 1538 11044 279039
Private 438 7397 107451
Total 47363 340955 9257970

Govt Expenditure on schools