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INRODUCTION:
During nine months of pregnancy the women has to un- RESEARCH DESIGN
dergo so many changes physiologically and psychological- A Non Equivalent Pre-test Post-test control group
ly. Pregnancy is one of the biggest fantasies and it changes design was adopted for the study.
into a worse nightmare when labour pain develops. Labour
can seems to be like a painful experience for many preg- SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
nant women. During labour the woman is about to undergo
one of the most meaningful and stressful events of her Non-Probability purposive sampling technique was followed
life. Indeed, pregnancy is a very crucial stage of mother- to select 60 primigravida women in the first stage of labour
hood and almost all women want to choose giving birth in selected hospitals of Pune city. Then the subjects were
naturally without the many external intervention involved. assigned to the experimental group (30) and control group
Of course, she can also help herself to make her labour (30). Inclusion criteria were primigravida women who were
and delivery easier. The adequacy of her preparation for in active phase of labour (with cervical dilatation of 4 cm),
childbirth, including the coping mechanism, communica- undergoing normal vaginal birth, were ready to participate
tion and support systems that have been established will be in the study and could understand Marathi and English.
put to test.
Tools
yy Interview Schedule for collecting Demographic and
STATEMENT: base line data.
A study to assess the effectiveness of Patterned Breathing yy Standardized, Numeric Pain Intensity Scale (NPIS) for
Technique in reduction of Pain during first stage of labour assessment of pain.
among primigravidas admitted in labour units of selected yy An Observation Checklist for assessment of progress of
hospitals of Pune city. labour was also recorded.
yy Content validity of the tool was ensured by thirteen
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY WERE: experts from the field of Obstetrics & Gynaecology,
yy To assess pain level among primigravida women during two Obstetrician and Gynaecologists; nine nurs-
first stage of labour in experimental group and control ing experts, one expert from physiotherapy and one
group before practicing patterned breathing technique. from Biostatistics. The Numeric Pain Intensity Scale
yy To assess pain level among primigravida women during (NPIS), used for the study is a standardized scale used
first stage of labour in experimental group and control for the assessment of pain intensity. Therefore, further
group after practicing patterned breathing technique. establishment of validity for NPIS was not considered
yy To compare the pain level among primigravida women necessary. Suggestions proposed were incorporated in
in experimental and control group. tool and appropriate changes were made.
A Pilot study was conducted in the labour room of selected religion, whereas (31.67%) and (8.33%) belonged to
hospital of Pune city. As per laid down criteria 10 samples Muslim and Christian religion.
were selected by non-probability purposive sampling who yy Most of the women (83.33%) were housewives where-
were available during the study. These samples were not as some (11.67%) were in service.
included in the final study. yy Majority of the women (83.33%) had a monthly in-
come between Rs.30001-6000 whereas only few (10%)
Data gathering process for final study was done from had an income between Rs.6001-9000.
in selected hospitals of Pune. The samples were selected yy (73.33%) of the women belonged to joint family and
according to the inclusion criteria from those who were (26.67%) of women belonged to nuclear family.
admitted in the labour room for delivery. After explaining
the objectives and purpose of the study to the primigravida Findings regarding assessment of pain level primigravi-
women, written consent was obtained from each one of them da women in experimental group
for participation in the study. Pre-test score (on admission) yy The mean pre test score (on admission) and for over-
of the pain level was assessed and recorded in both the all mean post test scores (at 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th
experimental and control group. hour) of pain level before and after practicing Pat-
terned breathing technique during first stage of labour,
Then, in the experimental group, Patterned Breathing among primigravida women in experimental group,
Technique was demonstrated and instructed by the has p-value 0.00, which is less than 0.05 level of sig-
investigator to the primigravida women in the labour room. nificance.
After that the women were instructed to practice Patterned
Therefore, it was concluded that on admission the pain level
breathing technique during each contraction. The women
during the active phase of first stage of labour, was less
practiced Patterned breathing technique during each
after that with the progress of labour there was significant
contraction from the beginning of contraction and continued
increase in the level of pain every hourly. The level of pain
till the contraction ceased, in front of the investigator. As, the
on admission was mild then increased moderately at the end
variations in the pain level could not be completely assessed
of 5th hour.
by a single post test observation because as the time passes
the intensity of uterine contractions also increases; hence the Findings regarding assessment of pain level primigravi-
pain level would also increase. Therefore, 5 observations (at da women in control group
1, 2, 3, 4 & 5 hours) at the interval of every one hour were yy The pre test score (on admission) and overall mean post
recorded. test scores (at 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th hour) of pain
level without practicing Patterned breathing tech-
5 post tests scores were recorded using Numeric Pain nique during first stage of labour, among primigravida
Intensity Scale for assessment of pain level at the interval women in control group, has p-value 0.00, which is
of every 1 hour (O2, O3, O4, O5 and O6). Similarly, in the less than 0.05 level of significance.
control group, 5 post tests scores were recorded using the
Therefore, it was concluded that on admission the pain
same Numeric Pain Intensity Scale for assessment of pain
level during the active phase of first stage of labour, the
level at the interval of every 1 hour (O2, O3, O4, O5 and
pain level was less after that as the labour progressed there
O6) without practicing Patterned breathing technique.
was a significant increase in the level of pain every hourly.
And the level of pain on admission was mild then increased
THE MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY severely at the end of 5th hour
Findings related to sample characteristics: Findings regarding comparison of primigravida wom-
yy Majority of the women (80%) were registered cases, ens pain level in experimental and control group.
whereas only (20%) of women were unregistered. yy The mean pre-test score of pain level in primigravida
yy Most of the women (71.67 %) were in the age group women before practicing Patterned breathing technique
of 22-25 years of age, whereas only (25%) were in in experimental was (2.6) which is less than control
between age group 18-21. group which is (2.8) with a mean difference of (0.2),
yy (91.67%) of the women had spontaneous delivery, which is not significant as evident from z value of
whereas only (8.33%) had induced delivery. (1.68) which is less than 0.05 level of significance.
yy Most of the women (71.67%) were educated upto SSC. yy Therefore, it was concluded that on admission before
whereas (28.33%) were educated upto HSC. practicing Patterned breathing technique the level of
yy Majority of the women (60%) belonged to Hindu
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Sinhgad e-Journal of Nursing ISSN : 2249 - 3913 Volume I, Issue II, Nov-Dec 2011