Kinds of poetry

1-Pastrol
The complexity of human problems could be reduced to its
simplest elements. The shepherds & the shepherdesses are 2
imagined as having no worries, & they live in an ideal climate with
no series problems. Love, death & the enjoyment of the beauty of
nature are their only preoccupations & they busy themselves with
making songs about them.
2-Lyrical
An ancient Greece, this was the kind of poem that could be sung to
a lyre & in modern English, lyric poetry covers most forms of short
poetry whether or not intended to be sung.
3-The Sonnet
It is a lyric stanza; it consists of fourteen lines and follows an
elaborate rhyme scheme of iambic pentameter.
There are two kinds of sonnets:
A-The Italian sonnet
This sonnet is divided into one octave (octet) (8 lines) and a sestet
(6 lines). The octave (octet) deals with the problem, the sestet
includes its solution, the octave is rhyming (a b b a, a b b a) the
sestet is rhyming (c d e, c d e)
B-The English (Shakespearian) sonnet
This sonnet is divided into 3 quatrains followed by a couplet. The
quatrains deals with the problem, the couplet includes the solution,
the rhyme is (a b a b, c d c d, e f e f, g g)
4-Epic
A long, dignified narrative poem which gives the account of a hero
important to his nation or race.
5-Ballad
Simple, narrative verse which tells a story to be sung or recited: the
folk ballad is anonymously handed down, while the literary ballad
has a single author.
6-Haiku
Japanese verse in three lines of five, seven, and five syllables, often
(Give a description of) depicting a delicate image.
 Poetic Terms
1-Poem
Its an idea expressed through regular units, its a creation based on
form and meaning
2-Prosody
It is the study of form in poetry; it deals with meter, rhyme, rhythm
etc...
3-The stanza
A poem consists of a certain length; the stanza is a group of verse
lines and is considered an independent unit
4-Rhyme
It is the identity of sounds between two words extending from the
last accented vowel to the end of the word. (Fair - chair)
It doesnt include the consonant coming before the last vowel

Figures of speech
1-Simile
It is a comparison between two different items, referring to certain
similarity between them, we use like, such, and as i.e.: her
feeling is like a piece of ice
2-Metaphor
It is a comparison between two different items trying to convince
you that they are the same, we dont use like or as or such. i.e.:
he is a lion
3-Metonymy
In metonymy, the name of some thing is applied to another one
with which it is closely associated.
i.e.: the crown spoke loudly
The crown here stands for the king.
4-Personification
This figure means to attribute a human quality to an abstract idea
or an inanimate object. i.e.: the pen smiled in my hand
5-Ambiguity
This is when a word or a phrase or a sentence has more than one
meaning ei his designs upset her
6-Homonyms
This occurs when two words have the same spelling and the same
pronunciation i.e.:
A mole: a small animal.
A mole: a spot on the skin.
7-Homophones
When two words have the same pronunciation but they have
different spelling i.e.:
-Red -read

8-Paradox
It means a contradiction, it is a statement that seems absurd or self
contradictory, yet when examined is found true i.e.:war is peace
9-Oxymoron
It is a clear contradiction between an adjective and its noun or an
adverb and the word it modifies i.e.: that lie is true
10-Irony
A figure in which the real meaning is to some extent canceled
under language of opposite meaning
i.e.: you are in a good temper today, arent you?
(In this sentence the speaker means the opposite)
11-Periphrasis
In this figure the poet uses a number of words instead of one word
i.e.: the eye of the sky = the sun