CH2021 : Exam : 2013 Question 1 (a) Given propositions A; B;C and D How many lines in the truth table if all the propositions are used? (b) What is the truth value of X A if we know that Y is false? (c) Given: AS B=-BS-A (i) Prove the equivalence. (ii) What is this equivalence known as ? (a) Complete the follwing = (@) AV. So idempotence (i) AV..=... excluded middle (ii) absorbtion (iv) AA... identity (v) AV... annihilation (c) If A then A> AVB (i) Show by means of a truth table that the above is a valid argument. Critical line(s) are to be clear. (ii) Show by means of a tautology, and no truth table, that the above argument is valid. Give reasons, Question 2 (a) Complete the following : @) 2eAnB iff (i) «gANB iff (ii) ceA-B iff (v)cgA-B if (b) Define: AC B (c) Prove: if AC Band BCC then ACC ay (1) () (2) (17(d) Let X= (20:2 €Z,7 <2 < 10} (i) Tabulate (list) @ (ii) Determine |P(X)| @ (e) Given: |A]=18 [BJ=4 |AUB|=17 Determine with reasons : |AN BI 2) (8) Let {14;25; 36; 4 su} be a sequence generated by f :N— R (i) Find the function f (ii) Find a recursive definition for the sequence (ii) Find the 12th term of the sequence. (5) (g) Let T(1) =4 T(2) =3 T(3)= T(n) =T(1) + T(n—2) + 27(n-1) Determine : T(4) (2) 2 12 () uet a= [fj] 1 1 (i) What is size(B) (ii) Determine : AB i) Determine : —3A (4) r me: ft oft 0 (i) Determine : lo A oft | (2) [24] Question 3 (a) State the division theorem. 2) (b) Determine : (i) 12mod2 (ii) -31 mod 17 (iii) 67 mod 86 (3) (0) Define : alb Q) (a) Prove : if ab and bje then ale (2) (c) If: Ar = Aymodn Under what condition will z= ymodn hold? () 2(£) When can you say that integers « and y are coprime ? (g) Determine god(80; 0) (h) Determine ged(24; 42) by : (i) prime factorization (ii) Euclid’s method (ii) Determine sr and y so that ged(24; 42) = (24) + y(42) (i) Solve for x € {05 1;2;...12} so that (8x + 4) = 6 mod 13 You may make use of the following if needed : ged(4; 13) = 1 = 1(13) + (-3)(4) ‘ged(6; 13) 1(13) + (—2)(6) ged(8; 13) (-3)(13) + 5(8) (j) Let R be a received letter and 5 be a sent letter. Furthermore we have : R= f(S) = (95 + 13) mod 26 f-'(R) = (aR + b) mod 26 Find the values of a and b so that a;b € {0;1;25...;24; 25} ‘You may use that ged(9;26) = 1 = 3(9) + (-1)(26) Question 4 (a) Let @ and D have vertices {A; B;C} and adjacency matrices : ot oor AG) = }1 00 A(D)=|1 0 0 100 010 Draw : G and D (b) Draw a graph of order 4 and size 3 that is : (i) connected. (ii) not a tree. (c) State whether each of the following is true or false : (i) all trails are paths (ii) all trees are connected graphs (iii) all walks of length 4 are closed (1) () (2) @ [24] (2) () (1) (3)(4) Given the following weight matrix of graph with vertices {4; B; C; D} 00 20 30 00 _|20 co 15 10 W)= 139 15 00 90 co 10 90 00 Use Prim’s algorithm starting at vertex D to create a minimum spanning tree. Show EACH step of the tree being created (3) 01100 10110 (6) Let V(G) = A@)=|1 1001 01000 oo10do0 211aidr 24417 BT Tad 13101 42531 712725 4y@)=|113 10) ay@y=|4521 3) ayey=|7 7 1252 10110 13101 42531 11001 11310 452138 Use th above to determine : (i) The number of different walks of length 3 between vertex A and vertex E (ii) Is the graph G connected or not ? Do NOT draw but motivate from data above. (3) (f) Draw a binary tree to illustrate : 2(¢ + y) 2) (15) TOTAL (80)1034 Exe» Bots Sg at . oF 1 yor “oe a TR FF ec re pF ot Fe ean 5 i) ten perio, ‘ ay a) ii) A @ Av(Aan) ea w) 4) © i) Rept A Greta Ae Ave ae Ave AOANR eps ro pea eaee Te EF ? * Gittcrt Rinne Culver sta bene) . “ Dy bath eeitet tes Haerebunw’ REAL fi hog hy Vobhat wien ) BJ the mat tglnes (A? (weweved)) = Te =) (Ro gus)) 2 28 Vv (A7BvR)) eptentt Boohy (nav Aver) teehee’ AYR) Y (AYE tod (tts) ) 5 5A v (iis) {aoa (19a ve sasainins f |] ae fc oe w) 2 te enn astclet iyGreil neh Anes i) ¢A V xe n) xe A Ange »™) GA Vines yy trek yet Pr me ten meebo Hun “ec tes Ase CAs6) (6£c) Oa Xe Fat, 200); 2009) * fics 003 iyo a) ost = Il est ane! Mm = Baer Ans) Yon (ANG) = Sty 98 $)1) KOAI> Mla) + & Soe wm wt) ee tke tes Gaeta) +3 i) Th)= 4 Th): Tar) +0 Cmte ft) art if) Kw) = n(R)FR = BS 4)Tta J) TH) + Ta) +9(T)) et atatd en © w) © os) @4) age (©) axa - t se Pay. 3s 3 y ae Pain [23 3] - at) ~3h* = =} an) oft) s yg Leelols] -[52] me) pay a) br oe ® GEM dn Jip reD with az psy pe certs a) yy Weta e Reclaito Bi) Banat ® parole) es WW) GD ret 86+ 09 (r= of) HOH G) 9 als @ dkem baka » 4) Gon al nbs ba ez Sle er ks Kez tan = ks cm = (ka SL ay 4) grat Ande) 8) get )=t 9-22. st) ae 8 ~ gel ag )-23 26 dae 2397se ) it) Gar 1 (ay)k IR Du IQs) + @ = 3(Q to Hawa geo (24 02) > © 6 aq — 1% 24 - [49-96] 22%) + Crea), Bx be SG wef 13 bar BRE dro 1B Han ne be! 55 (E=13) et 6 $+ ler’: (€-w) a) = Ne 35 Sate 0G = 3 (22 + B)am9¢ ell gi3)e be G3ylry) t 51s) @) aires, geet (9,26 )21 3G) #61000 ) my 206) £Bah me a +Afett © Se obigeees as beepechotn ory meng a cles tan © Oo 4 e YS aS, A s © a Ao)» fe] D oy o clato < ey = Cotetag Sg B Ceraedeed ) ry) Dre wre wore age eo © j= . i) TT - ay © s) ow 8 Caabeiicrt a te Dayoan ) 92 > ens ee & ~ 6) a yy 8 L a ANG) Fas toy eso aries 8 7 ) Ate) OP) EAMG) hae oo aes s) 9 artery) = 2 "i 4 ——o a é a £9 -. i]