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Rferigeration
system Lecture II
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The liquefaction of helium was accomplished in 1908 by H. 2. Pressure in the evaporator is very low (below atmospheric) and
suction volume become larger when refrigerant with high boiling
Kamerlingh Onnes in the famous cryogenic laboratories of temp is used.
university of Leiden.
3. Pressure in the condenser is extremely high when refrigerant with low
Refrigerant R-11 R-12 R-21 R-22 R-30 R-40 R-113 R-717
(NH3)
R-714
(CO2)
R-764
(SO2)
boiling temperature is used.
4. COP becomes low due to high pressure ratio
Freezing -111 -157.5 -135 -160 -96.6 -97.5 -35 -77.8 -56.7 -75.6
temperature (oC) 5. Difficulty of operation of mechanical equipment operating at very low
at Patm
temperature.
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Multistage Compression
Refrigeration Systems Multistage Compression
Refrigeration Systems
When the fluid used
throughout the Example
cascade refrigeration Consider a two-stage compression refrigeration system
system is the same, operating between the pressure limits of 0.8 and 0.14
the heat exchanger MPa. The working fluid is refrigerant-134a. The
between the stages refrigerant leaves the condenser as a saturated liquid and
can be replaced by a is throttled to a flash chamber operating at 0.32 MPa.
mixing chamber Example 0.8 MPa 0.14 MPa 0.32 MPa Part of the
(called a flash refrigerant evaporates during this flashing process, and
chamber) since it has this vapour is mixed with the refrigerant leaving the low
better heat transfer pressure compressor. The mixture is then compressed to
characteristics. the condenser pressure by the high pressure compressor.
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1h9 x6 h3 1 x6 h2
. . .
h9 0.2049281.88 1 0.2049255.93 288.10 kJ/kg
W in W comp1,in W comp2,in
(1 x6 )(h2 h1 ) (1)(h4 h9 ) P9 0.32 MPa
s9 0.9416 kJ/kg K
h9 255.10 kJ/kg
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Q L (1 x6 )h1 h8
(1 0.2049)239.16 55.16 kJ/kg 146 kJ kg
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86.6
= = = 1.26
68.5
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