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Masonry Walls
NCMA AIA/CES Course #: 000503
Continuing
Education
System
The National Concrete Masonry Association is a Registered
Provider with The American Institute of Architects
Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned
Continuing on completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for
Education
System AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA
members and non-AIA members are available upon request.
TEK 10-1A
Causes of
Concrete Masonry Cracks
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3. Differential settlement
TEK 10-1A
Causes of
Concrete Masonry Cracks
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4. Shrinkage
Moisture change
Length change
Temperature
Carbonation
TEK 10-3
General trend = shrinkage Time (cycles)
Shrinkage Cracking
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Continuing
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Control Joints
Used in concrete masonry construction
Expansion Joints
Used with clay brick
Purpose of Control Joints
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Relieve horizontal tensile stresses
Reduce restraint and permit longitudinal
movement
Separate dissimilar materials
Goal of Crack Control
Provisions
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Restraint at top
and bottom
TEK 10-3
able to be bridged by most coatings
prevents water penetration
Specifying
Concrete Masonry Units
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Included in C 90
Compressive Strength
Absorption
Dimensional Tolerances
Density Definitions
Linear Drying Shrinkage C 90
Standard Specification for
Loadbearing Concrete
Masonry Units
TEK 1-1E
Specifying
Concrete Masonry Units
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NOT Included in C 90
Color
Texture
Density
Water Repellency
Fire Ratings
Thermal Properties C 90
Sound Properties Standard Specification for
Loadbearing Concrete
Most architectural concrete Masonry Units
masonry units are custom made.
Work closely with producers to TEK 1-1E
get exactly what you want.
Factors Influencing Concrete
Masonry Drying Shrinkage
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Shrinkage increases
ASTM C 90 maximum
allowable shrinkage = 0.065%
TEK 10-1A
ASTM C 426
Drying Shrinkage Test
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Education Distance between gage points
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10.000 100%
TEK 10-3
Type I and Type II CMU
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System 3.1 Types - Two types of concrete masonry units are
covered as follows:
3.1.1 Type I, Moisture-Controlled Units - Units
designated as Type 1 shall conform to the requirements
of this specification.
3.1.2 Type II, Nonmoisture-Controlled Units - Units
designated as Type 2 shall conform to the requirements
of this specification with the exception of Table 1.
50 % 30 %
Should concrete block be wetted?
Can concrete block be wet-cut? TEK 3-1C
Recommended Maximum
Unit Moisture Content
Continuing When 50% or more of the surface area is
Education
System observed to be wet, the unit is considered to be
unacceptable for placement.
TEK 3-1C
Control Joint Spacing
Recommendations
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25 feet maximum
1.5 h maximum
TEK 10-2C
Control Joint Spacing
Recommendations
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Education 1. Control joint spacings are based on the use of
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horizontal reinforcement having an equivalent area
of no less than 0.025 in2 / ft of height.
TEK 10-2C
Control Joint Spacing
Recommendations
Continuing
Education 1. Control joint spacings are based on the use of
System
horizontal reinforcement having an equivalent area
of no less than 0.025 in2 / ft of height.
. by the use of
bond beams and.
TEK 10-2C
The Role of Reinforcement in
Controlling Shrinkage Cracking
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Education Length after shrinkage if unrestrained
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Secondary Functions
metal tie system for bonding
structural reinforcement
where allowed by code
TEK 12-2B
Joint Reinforcement
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System Consists of two or more longitudinal wires connected
with cross wires forming a truss or ladder configuration
TEK 12-2B
Joint Reinforcement
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MSJC
It is permissible to lay joint reinforcement
on face shell and mortar over it.
Control Joints
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Sealant
Backer rod in
- polysulfide, urethane, silicone or
mortar joint raked epoxy. Avoid oil-based caulks or other
out to a depth of materials that dry out rapidly or do not
at least 3/4 bond effectively to masonry.
TEK 10-2C
Types of Control Joints
with Shear Resistance
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Preformed gasket
System
TEK 10-2C
Types of Control Joints
with Shear Resistance
Continuing Smooth dowel - sleeved or
Education
System Dowels greased on one end
Horizontal reinforcement
discontinuous at joint (except
Special unit shape for structural bond beams)
TEK 10-2C
Eliminating Control Joints
With Reinforcement
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TEK 7-1C
Control Joint Locations
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Typically use above grade in concrete
masonry walls
Shrinkage cracks are an aesthetic rather than a
structural concern
Generally not used below grade
Less temperature and moisture variation
TEK 10-2C
Control Joint Locations
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TEK 10-2C
Control Joints at Openings
in Unreinforced Walls
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TEK 10-2C
Control Joints at Openings
in Unreinforced Walls
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TEK 10-2C
Common Mistakes in
Reinforced Walls
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Pinned
Control Joint/
Slip plane
TEK 10-2C
Control Joint
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Pinned
Reinforcement
Crack
Control Joints at Openings
in Reinforced Walls
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Education 12 min.
System
MSJC Detail
for
Intersecting
Walls
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Metal Straps
at Wall
Intersection
Too Short
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Metal Straps
at Wall
Intersection
Too Short
Steel Beam Welded to Plates
Embedded in Masonry Support
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Steel Beam
Steel Beam Welded to Plates
Embedded in Masonry Support
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Control Joints for
Multi-wythe Walls
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If wythes are unbonded...
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Weak mortar
Strong mortar
Banding Considerations
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Banding Considerations
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Continuing
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Banding
Considerations
CMU Band in
Clay Brick Veneer
Joint reinforcement w/ no slip plane
Continuing option
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TEK 5-2A
CMU Band in
Clay Brick Veneer
Slip plane top and bottom of band option
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TEK 5-2A
Clay Brick Band
in CMU Veneer
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TEK 5-2A
Summary
NCMA
Continuing
Education
System Better manage movement through
masonry systems by
Proper design
Using MSJC installation standards
Proper location of control joints
Proper use of bond beams
Proper placement of joint reinforcement
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