Question Likely Response P1 P2

2. Specific Objective: A 11, 12, 16, 25

(a) (i) Characteristics of interest groups:

1. Formal and organized

2. Shared interest
3. Advocate/lobby for members interest/
4. have a common goal
5. Attempt to influence government policy
6. Membership is voluntary 2
7. They dont operate for profit
8. Non- governmental

Any two characteristics two marks

(ii) Factors that may create the need for interest groups in a :
society

1. Where there are issues that government has failed to attend

to
2. Governments failure or delay to introduce programmes/
policies that benefit groups
3. Unfair/unjust treatment of citizens by the government
2
4. Lack of adequate laws to deal with different situations
affecting the country
5. Disagreement with certain government policies or laws
6. Political instability in the country

Any two factors one mark each 2 marks

(b) Reasons government of a country usually responds to the needs,

views or requests of citizens: because

1. Citizens pay taxes to government to assist with providing

for the common needs of all

2. Government was elected by the citizens to govern in the

interest of citizens
4
3. Government has the authority and obligation to respond to
their needs

4. Citizens are likely to engage in protest action if

government does not respond to their needs

5. Citizens may remove the government from office if they feel

that their needs are not being met

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Question Likely Response P1 P2

6. It is a way to observe the rights of all citizens guaranteed

in the constitution

7. Many citizens are not able to provide for themselves and

expect government assistance

Each reason is relevant and well expressed 2 marks

Reason is relevant but not well expressed- 1 mark
Total 4 marks

Question Likely Response P1 P2

2. contd

(c) (i) Strategies Ministry of Agriculture may use to assist a community

group to engage in food production:

1. Strategy: Assist the group in obtaining appropriate land for

the project.

Justification: Food production requires fertile soils/land.

The experts from the Ministry of Agriculture have the
knowledge required in selecting appropriate soils/lands and
this may guarantee the success of the project

2. Strategy: Make available resource persons from the Ministry

to provide technical advice and to remain in regular contact
with the farmers.

Justification: This would likely be successful because, the 6

Ministry would provide the group with information that is vital
from the startup stage. That information will provide a solid
base which is required for the project to succeed. Maintaining
regular contact will support the group and also make their
project seem valued.

Additional Strategies
3. Provide opportunity for the group to obtain funding for
their project.

4. Conduct workshops with the farmers where they will be taught

to write business plans and funding proposals, as well as do
record keeping.

5. Provide subsidies or other incentives to the group in the

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Question Likely Response P1 P2
start up phase of the project.

6. Present information about the project on the media

highlighting its importance.

7. Conduct Eat What You Grow campaigns.

8. Strategy: Identify markets where farmers can sell their

products.

Justification: Food production will provide food for farmers as

well as income from selling the excess. If farmers have a steady
market then they are more likely to obtain income which will
benefit them and their community.

Each suggestion is clearly explained and feasible 2 marks

Suggestion is not clearly expressed, but feasible 1 mark

(ii)

Each Justification is clearly expressed and plausible 2 marks

Justification is not clearly expressed but plausible 1 mark

TOTAL 8 12

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