Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
[1] Smith JM, Ness H Van, Abbott MM. Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics 2005:817.
[2] Rika V and ED. Estimation of the Heat Capacities of Organic Liquids as a Function of Temperature
Using Group Aditivity. J Phys Chem Ref Data 1993;22:598614.
[3] Zaitsau DH, Verevkin SP. Thermodynamics of biodiesel: Combustion experiments in the standard
conditions and adjusting of calorific values for the practically relevant range (273 to 373) K and (1 to 200)
bar. J Braz Chem Soc 2013;24:19205. doi:10.5935/0103-5053.20130239.
[4] Glisic S, Skala D. The prediction of critical parameters for triolein , diolein , monoolein and methyl esters.
Technology 2009:16.
[5] Silva MVD, Custodio R, Reis MHM. Determination of Enthalpies of Formation of Fatty Acids and Esters by
Density Functional Theory Calculations with an Empirical Correction. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015;54:95459.
doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.5b02580.
[6] Bastos M, Nilsson SO, Ribeiro da Silva MDMC, Ribeiro da Silva MA V, Wads I. Thermodynamic
properties of glycerol enthalpies of combustion and vaporization and the heat capacity at 298.15 K.
Enthalpies of solution in water at 288.15, 298.15, and 308.15 K. J Chem Thermodyn 1988;20:13539.
doi:10.1016/0021-9614(88)90173-5.
DESCRIPTION
The fluidized bed reactor will be operating at 225 C and energy is required to maintain the temperature at the
specified temperature.
ASSUMPTION(S)/BASIS
1. Steady state.
2. The reference temperature used to calculate for the enthalpy of a specific stream is 0 C.
3. No reaction along the pipes reaction only occur at the reactors.
NOMENCLATURE(S)
Symbol or Notation Description
Molar flow rate of component i, kmol/h
Cp,i Heat capacity of component i, kJ/kg-K
1 Sensible heat from 498.15 K to 298.15 K, kJ/h
1 Sensible heat from 298.15 K to 498.15 K, kJ/h
Temperature, K
Heat of reaction, kJ/h
INFORMATION FLOW DIAGRAM
298.15 498.15
1 = 2 =
498.15 298.15
( = 498.15) = 1 + ( = 298.15) + 2
( = 498.15)
SYSTEM SKETCH
3
Methyl ester
1 2,574.80
(kg/h)
Triglyceride (kg/h) 2,615.38 Glycerol (kg/h) 266.57
Temperature (K) 363.15 Unreacted
Pressure (MPa) 6.5 52.31
Triglyceride (kg/h)
Methanol (kg/h) 289.59
Temperature (K) 498.15
Pressure (MPa) 6.5
2
Methanol (kg/h) 1,525.33
Temperature (K) 498.15
Pressure (MPa) 6.5
CALCULATIONS
From Figure 1, the enthalpy change is independent to the actual path of the reaction, and therefore the
rxnH(T=333.15K) can be calculated using Equation 1.
1 2
REACTANTS PRODUCTS
T=298.15 K ( = 298.15 ) T=298.15 K
298.15
1 = , (298.15 498.15) +
498.15
2 , = ( + + 2 ) Equation 3
The heat capacity of glycerol is determined via group contribution via Equation 4 [2], and the heat capacity of
methyl ester (biodiesel, bd) produced is determined using Equation 5 [3].
2
[/ ] = [ + +( ) ] Equation 4
100 100
[ ] = 1.329 + 2.51 103 Equation 5
Then,
kg kJ
Hs1 = (2615.38 ) (2.3645 ) (298.15K 498.15K)
h kg K
298.15
kg 1kmol
+ (1525.33 ) ( ) (8.314 ) (13.431 51.28 103 T
h 32.04kg 498.15
+ 131.13 106 T2 )dT Commented [LN1]: Kulang gas constant
= .
Calculating for Hs2 (Equation 6):
498.15 498.15
2 = + Equation 6
298.15 298.15
498.15
2 = (2574.80 ) (1.329 + 2.51 103 )
298.15
498.15
+ 266.57 ( ) (8.314 ) [48.5253 31.6184
92.09 298.15 100
2
+ 8.1133 ( ) ]
100
= .
The ( = 298.15) for the (trans)esterification process is calculated using Equation 7. The standard
heats of formation for each component are shown in
,298.15 = 298.15 () 298.15 () Equation 7
Then,
,298.15 = [(8.6841 ) (728800 ) + (2.8947 ) (669600 )]
[(2.9537 ) (1.84 106 ) + (47.6071 ) (238660 )]
,. = .
( = 498.15) = 1 + ( = 298.15) + 2
( = 498.15) = 2363919.08 8529455.29 + 1458713.85
kJ 1
( = 498.15) = 9434660.52 ( )
h 3600
( = . ) = .
The (trans)esterification reaction is an exothermic reaction, indicated by a negative value of the which has
a value of -2620.74 kW for the second reactor.
APPVD
REV DATE REVISION DESCRIPTION BY CHKD BY
BY
A 09/01/2017 First Draft VAR
B 09/11/2017 Second Draft CJLN