EXPERIMENT NO.

OSCILLOSCOPE

I. OBJECTIVE:
To become familiar with the use of Oscilloscope and its functions as a measuring
and wave shaping device.

II. EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS:

1 Oscilloscope with User's Manual
1 AF Generator
Multi-tap transformer (220: 3,4,5,6,7,5,9,12)

III. PROCEDURE:

A. Identify the parts and the functions of the oscilloscope with the aid of the user's manual.

B. Connect the oscilloscope probes to the transformer terminals. One terminal should be
fixed at 0 V and the other to the specified voltage. (Consult user's manual for voltage
measurement).

C. Remove the oscilloscope probes from the transformer and connect it to the output
terminals of the AF generator to the specified frequency and observe the wave form for each.
Measure the period and complete table 2.
 TABLE 1
VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT

Vrms volts Vpeak-peak (computed) Vpeak-peak (measured)

3
4.5
6
7.5
9
12

TABLE 2
FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT

AF Gen. Setting Hz
20
50
100
200
500
1000
5000
10000
1000000
IV. EXPERIMENT RESULTS/ MEASUREMENTS

TABLE 1
VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT

Vrms volts Vpeak-peak (computed) Vpeak-peak (measured)

3 4.2426 V 4.2 V
4.5 6.3640 V 6.8 V
6 8.4953 V 8.6 V
7.5 -- --
9 12.7279 V 13.2 V
12 16.9706 V 17.5 V

TABLE 2
FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT

AF Gen. Setting Hz
20 48 ms
50 19 ms
100 11 ms
200 5 ms
500 2 ms
1000 1.1 ms
5000 0.22 ms
10000 0.14 ms
100000 0.012 ms
 V. OBSERVATIONS :

In table 1, the oscilloscope was used to measure the voltage(p-p) at a given Vrms. The
measured Vp-p somewhat coincided with the calculated value (using the formula Vrms*2).We
have obtained the highest and lowest percent errors of 6.8510% and 1.0041% respectively. In
table 2, we have measured the period at different frequencies. Some values were exactly
measured compared with the calculated value. The difference is most likely due to inaccuracy of
reading the results.

VI. CONCLUSIONS:

We were able to familiarize ourselves that an oscilloscope is a device that draws a graph of
an electrical signal. The graph shows how signals change over time. The vertical (Y) axis
represents voltage and the horizontal (X) axis represents time. The simple graph can be used to
determine the time and voltage values of a signal. It can also calculate the frequency of an
oscillating signal. We can also see the moving parts of a circuit represented by a signal and
find out how much of it is a DC or AC.
 VII. APPENDICES

An oscilloscope contains a cathode ray tube (CRT), in which

the deflection
of an electron beam that falls onto a phosphor screen is directly proportional
to the voltage applied across a pair of parallel deflection plates. A
measurement of this deflection yields a measurement of the applied
voltage.
The oscilloscope can be used to display and measure rapidly varying
electrical
phenomena. The internal subsystems of the oscilloscope are shown in
Fig. 5.3 and the front panel of the oscilloscope is shown in Fig. 5.4. Because

Figure 5.3: Diagram of subsystems in an oscilloscope.

Figure 5.4: Front panel of an oscilloscope.

 Sine Wave
The sine wave is a common type of alternating current (ac) and alternating
voltage.

Fig 6-1: Graph of one cycle of a sine wave

2
For the wave in Figure 6-1:
Time period = T
Frequency f = 1/T
v = V sin 2ft = V sin(2 / T )t

Period of Sine Wave

The time required for a sine wave to complete one full cycle is called the period (T).
A cycle consists of one complete positive, and one complete negative alternation.
The period of a sine wave can be measured between any two corresponding
points on the waveform by any of the three methods.
i) The period can be measured from one zero crossing to the corresponding zero crossing
in the next cycle.
ii) The period can be measured from the positive peak in one cycle to the positive peak in
the next cycle.
iii) The period can be measured from the negative peak in one cycle to the negative peak
in the next cycle.
Frequency of a Sine Wave
Frequency (f) is the number of cycles that a sine wave completes in one second.
The more cycles completed in one second. The higher the frequency.
Frequency is measured in hertz (Hz)Relationship between frequency ( f ) and period
T) is: f = 1/T
 Assuming the oscilloscope display has been properly zeroed and the vertical
sensitivity is set to 2 volts per division, determine the voltage of the battery. The battery voltage
is approximately 5.4 volts, connected backward (positive to ground lead, negative to probe tip).
 VIII. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Hughes, M. (2016). Basic Waveform Analysis with an Oscilloscope. Retrieved

September 5,2017 from https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/technical-articles/basic-waveform-
analysis-with-an-oscilloscope

Getting Familiar with the Oscilloscope. (n.d). Retrieved September 5, 2017 from
http://www.aui.ma/personal/~PHYSICS/1402/experiment_3.htm

Measurement of Voltage, Current and Frequency by Oscilloscope (n.d.) Retrieved

September 5, 2017 from https://www.electrical4u.com/measurement-of-voltage-current-and-
frequency-by-oscilloscope