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DantesInfernoPartoneoftheDivineComedywrittenbyDanteAlighieri
(12651321)
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1 DantesInfernoPartoneoftheDivineComedywrittenbyDanteAlighieri
()

2 The Divine Comedy: Structure Composed of three canticassong or

hymn Inferno (Hell), Purgatorio (Purgatory), Paradiso (Heaven) Each has 33
cantos verses. There is also one opening canto to the entire work which
brings the number to an even 100. Significant because 3 symbols of holy
trinity. 33 Age of Christ. Terza Rima aba bcb cdc ded. Tercets 3 lines of
poetrythatworktogetherHendecasyllable11syllablelines

3 OpeningTercet:NelmezzodelcammindinostravitaAmiritrovaiperunaselvaoscuraBchladirittavia
era smarrita. A Translation: MIDWAY upon the journey of our life I found myself within a forest dark, For the
straightforwardpathwayhadbeenlost.

4 Second Tercet Ahi quanto a dir qual era cosa duraB esta selva selvaggia e aspra e forte C che nel
pensierrinovalapaura!BTranslation:Ahme!howhardathingitistosayWhatwasthisforestsavage,rough,
andstern,Whichintheverythoughtrenewsthefear.

5 TheDivineComedy:HistoryPoliticalfactions:GuelphsandGhibellines,BlackandWhiteGuelphs.Several
politicalfactionsfoughtagainsteachotherduringthistimeinItaly.DantewasactuallyexiledfromFlorencefor
hispoliticalviews.Manyoftheshadeshemeetsinhellwerehisenemies.

6 MapofItaly

7 TheDivineComedy:LanguageWritteninItalian(Tuscan)ratherthanLatin.Atthistime,mostwritingwas
doneinLatinbecauselanguageschangedsofrequently.Latindidnot.But,writinginItalianopenedthereading
toeverydaypeople,notjustthehighlyeducated.

8 TheDivineComedy:InfernoDantesguideisVirgil,authoroftheAeneidstoryofAeneis,aTrojanwho
traveledtoItalyandfoundedRome.Hestandsforhumanreason..Atthestartofthework,(GoodFriday1300)
Danteis35.HalfoftheageallottedtomanintheBible.

9 Dantes Love Beatrice Beattitudes. Dantes ideal woman who was a real Florentine girl whom he
admired.ShebegsVirgiltohelpDante,whoislostinamoralwilderness.

10 InfernoAtthestartoftheworkDanteislostinadarkwood.(MoralwildernessofA)Heisunableto
findthestraightway(Tosalvation)becausethesunishiddenbehindamountain.Heisfallingintoadeepplace
(basso loco) where the sun is hidden or silent (I sol tace). Synesthesia mixing of the senses Symbolically,
Dantehaslosthisfaith.
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11 InfernoDanteshellisapitcausedwhenLuciferandhisfollowerswerethrownoutofheavenbyGod.
Satanisatthebottom.Thereare9levels.

12 Inferno:Images

13 Inferno: Justice Contrapasso Let the punishment fit the crime. Gods justice is perfect. So is his
punishment.Thesinnerisafflictedbytheirmosthorriblesincommittedduringlife.(Thosewhocommitsuicide
are turned into trees.) However, they justify their sin, and are not repentant. (Thats why they are in Hell, not
purgatory.)Thoseinhellknowofthepastandfuture,buthavenoconceptofthepresent.Inthefinaljudgment,
timeends,soyoucantrecollectfondmemories.

14 Inferno: Nine levels of Hell Entrance to hell: Not really the first circle, but these souls suffer just the
same.Theyaretheuncommitted.Includesangelswhotooknosideinthewarinheaven.Theyforeverchasea
blackbannerwithnoinsignia.Theyshednobloodortearsforanycauseinlife.Nowtheyshedthemconstantly
fornothing.

15 Inferno: First Circle Limbo : Similar to Elysian Fields. (Greek Heaven.) It has a castle. The weather is
nice.HometovirtuousPaganswhodonotsuffer,butgrieveduetoseparationfromGod.SeesHomerandother
famouspoetsthere.Virgillivesherealso.MinosLegendarykingofCrete.SonofZeusandEuropa.Judgeof
thedead.Everyonefromheredownisatruesinner.

16 Inferno: Second Circle Lust The destructive force of possessive sexual desire as opposed to love.
Lancelot. Cerberus Threeheaded dog who guards the entrance to the classical underworld. Made an
appearanceinHarryPotter.

17 Inferno:3rdcircleGluttony:Secondofthedeadlysins.CloselyrelatedtoLust,becauseEveEatsthe
apple.Danteconsidereditmorethanjustexcessiveeatinganddrinking.

18 Inferno:4thLevelAvariceandProdigality:Greedorspendingtoofreely.Presentsthissinascommon
viceofmonksandchurchleaders.

19 Inferno: 5 th Level Wrath and Sullenness : The basic sin here is uncontrolled anger. People express
theirangerindifferentways.Someoutwardly(wrath).Theirpunishmentistopermanentlyteareachotherapart.
Someinwardly(sullenness)theyquietlyboilinamuddyswamp.

20 Inferno:6thLevelHeresy:Dantelimitshisdefinitionofheresytothedenialofanimmortalsoul.This
sets up a beautiful example of contrapasso with their punishment: being forever tormented in a fiery tomb.
FarinatawasDantespoliticalenemy.

21 Inferno:7thCircleViolence:MurderersDrowninariverofbloodSuicidesFrozenastreestodono
harmtothemselvesBlasphemers/offendersofGodroamadesolateplainwhereitrainsfierysnow.

22 SuicidesandSquanderers

23 Inferno:7thCircleMinotaur:Guardianoftheseventhcircle.Biteshimselfuponthementionofhiskille,
Theseus.Conceivedinsin.Pasiphae,wifeofkingMinosofCrete,lustedafterawhitebull.Minosallowsherto
have it. They mate and she gives birth to the Minotaur. Minos builds labrynth in Crete. Where every year 7
Athenianboysand7AtheniangirlsweresacrificedtoitaspunishmentforAthenstoMinos.Eventually,Theseus,
anAthenianprince,killstheminotaurandretraceshiswayoutwithaballoftwine.

24 Inferno:8thCircleFraud:TheftCantevenkeeptheirownform.Contrapasso:shapeisstolenfrom
them. Vanni Fucci Actually stole holy relics. Gave up an accomplice who was executed in his place. Tells
DanteabouttreasoninhispoliticalpartyjusttomakeDantemad.ThenliterallygivesGodthefinger.Bittenby
snake,incineratedthenreborntosufferagain.

25 Inferno: 8 th Level Fraudulent Rhetoric eloquence aimed at persuasion for evil purposes.
DevisivenessSowersofscandalanddiscord.MohammadandAli,Muslimprophets.Falsificationalchemists,
liars, counterfeiters, imposters. Ulysses and Diomedes heroes from the Trojan war. In hell for creating2/4
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Trojan horse. Ulysses, powerful public speaker who convinces his men to follow him for years. Material gain?
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SintoDante.Ulyssesrepresentsatalentedindividualnotafraidtochallengeauthorityinthenameofpersonal
gain.Satan?

26 Dante,speakingtosinnerinfrozenriverofCoctyus

27 Inferno: 9 th Level Treachery Traitors to family Traitors to political leaders Bocca degli Abate.
Ghibellinespy.TraitorinbattletoGuelphs.Cutoffthehandofaflagbearer.Causeddemoralizationanddefeat.
Dantekickshimintheface.UgolinoTraitertoPisa(towerofPisa).Uponfindinghimguiltyheandhistwosons
andgrandsonswereimprisonedinthetoweruntiltheirpunishmentwasdecided.Thedoorwasnailedshutand
they starved to death. Traitors to guests die immediately. Souls go to hell and bodies are possessed by
demonswhilestillalive.Traitorstomasters.

28 Inferno: 9 th level Giants Nimrod Tower of babel. Displeased god scattered people and made their
speech incomprehensible. Antaenus Killed lions and farmers. Killed by Hercules. Lucifer His three faces
parodyofholytrinityChewsJudas,traitortoJesus.Brutus,andCassius.TraitorstoJuliusCaesar.Heisinthe
exactcenteroftheearth,andDaneandVirgilmustclimbdown/uphisbacktogetoutofHell.

29 InfernoEachCirclehas:DefinitionofsinDescriptionofpunishmentListofsinnersConversation
withapersonorgroupwhosuffers

30 Inferno7deadlysins:Pride,envy,wrath,avarice,lust,gluttony,sloth.Upperhell:sinsofflesh(sloth
avarice,gluttony,lust)Lowerhell:sinsofspirit(wrath,envy,pride)ToDante,fraudistheworstsinbecauseit
istotallyoppositetoGodsgifttouslove.

31 ExcerptfromCarysTranslation"Throughmeyoupassintothecityofwoe:Throughmeyoupassinto
eternalpain:Throughmeamongthepeoplelostforaye.Justicethefounderofmyfabricmoved:Torearme
wasthetaskofPowerdivine,SupremestWisdom,andprimevalLove.Beforemethingscreatewerenone,save
thingsEternal,andeternalIendure.Allhopeabandon,yewhoenterhere."

32 Such characters, in color dim, I mark'd Over a portal's lofty arch inscribed. Whereat I thus: "Master,
thesewordsimportHardmeaning."Heasonepreparedreplied:"Herethoumustalldistrustbehindtheeleave
Herebevilefearextinguish'd.WearecomeWhereIhavetoldtheeweshallseethesoulsTomiserydoom'd,
whointellectualgoodHavelost."Andwhenhishandhehadstretch'dforthTomine,withpleasantlooks,whence
Iwascheer'd,Intothatsecretplaceheledmeon.

33 Heresighs,withlamentationsandloudmoans,Resoundedthroughtheairpiercedbynostar,Thate'en
I wept at entering. Various tongues, Horrible languages, outcries of woe, Accents of anger, voices deep and
hoarse, With hands together smote that swell'd the sounds, Made up a tumult, that forever whirls Round
through that air with solid darkness stain'd, Like to the sand that in the whirlwind flies. I then, with horror yet
encompast,cried:"Omaster!whatisthisIhear?whatraceArethese,whoseemsoovercomewithwoe?"

34 Hethustome:"ThismiserablefateSufferthewretchedsoulsofthose,wholivedWithoutorpraiseor
blame, with that ill band Of angels mix'd, who nor rebellious proved, Nor yet were true to God, but for
themselvesWereonly.FromhisboundsHeavendrovethemforthNottoimpairhislustrenorthedepthOfHell
receivesthem,lesttheaccursedtribeShouldglorythencewithexultationvain."

35 Ithen:"Master!whatdothaggrievethemthus,Thattheylamentsoloud?"Hestraightreplied:"Thatwill
Itelltheebriefly.TheseofdeathNohopemayentertain:andtheirblindlifeSomeanlypasses,thatallotherlots
Theyenvy.Fameofthemtheworldhathnone,NorsuffersMercyandJusticescornthemboth.Speaknotof
them,butlook,andpassthemby."AndI,whostraightwaylook'd,beheldaflag,Whichwhirlingranaroundso
rapidly,Thatitnopauseobtain'd:andfollowingcameSuchalongtrainofspirits,Ishouldne'erHavethought
thatdeathsomanyhaddespoil'd.

36 WhensomeoftheseIrecognized,IsawAndknewtheshadeofhim,whotobasefearYielding,abjured
hishighestate.ForthwithIunderstood,forcertain,thisthetribeOfthoseillspiritsbothtoGoddispleasingAnd
toHisfoes.Thesewretches,whone'erlived,Wentoninnakedness,andsorelystungBywaspsandhornets,
whichbedew'dtheircheeksWithblood,that,mix'dwithtears,dropp'dtotheirfeet,Andbydisgustfulwormswas
gather'dthere.

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