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Mid-Year Examination
2016
SBQ LORMS
2
What is the message of this source? Explain your answer, using details of the source.
[5]
Question Target: Inference Skill
DESCRIPTION OF SOURCE/ ANSWERS BASED ON PROVENANCE/ INACCURATE
INFERENCE
Example
L1 [1]
The message of this source is that on June 25, 1950 communist North Korean soldiers
attack South Korea. [answer based on description of source]
The message of this source is that North Korea was supported by Soviet Union
and China during the Korean War. [sub-message]
OR
The message of this source is that the USAs involvement in the Korean War was
justified because the intervention was carried out in order to protect democratic
South Korea. [main message]
The message of this source is that North Korea was supported by Soviet Union
and China during the Korean War. This can be seen from the source where a group
of North Korean soldiers were on their way to attack South Korea with their weapons
L3 [3]
and tanks while yelling JOE STALIN SENT ME! and MAO TSE-TUNG SENT ME!
The caption in the comic also stated that The Northerners were trained in China. They
use guns and tanks from the Soviet Union. This means that North Korea had the
support of Soviet Union and China during the Korean War who provided them with
military training and weapons to facilitate the attack on South Korea.
The message of this source is that the USAs involvement in the Korean War was
justified because the intervention was carried out in order to protect democratic
South Korea. This can be seen from the source where a group of North Korean
L4 soldiers were on their way to attack South Korea with their weapons and tanks while [4-5]
yelling JOE STALIN SENT ME! and MAO TSE-TUNG SENT ME! which suggested
that North Korea was supported and aided by both Soviet Union and China. The
caption in the comic then posed the question Who defends democratic South Korea?
This means that the USAs involvement in the Korean War was justified as they
intervened in the war in order to protect the weaker democratic South Korea in the face
of stronger communist North Korean invading forces.
3
Why was this photograph published in October 1950? Explain your answer. [5]
Question Target: Purpose Skill
ANSWERS BASED ON PROVENANCE/ DESCRIPTION OF SOURCE
Example
L1 This photograph was published in October 1950 to show the aftermath of the air raid by [1]
the USA planes over Pyongyang, the Communist capital of North Korea. [answer based
on provenance]
This photograph was published in October 1950 because by this time the United
L2 Nations had intervened in the war when it landed its troops, made up of mainly US and [2]
British forces, in July 1950. Thus, this photograph showing the impact of the air raid by
the USA planes on North Korea, which was published in a British newspaper, served to
record and report on the ongoing war efforts by the United Nations troops in fighting
against the North Korean forces during the Korean War.
This photograph was published in October 1950 in order to show the USAs
involvement in in the Korean War was not justified. This can be seen from the
source where an elderly woman carrying an injured child with a bandage around his
L3 [3]
head were among those North Korean civilians standing in the midst of rubble possibly
from their homes that were destroyed by the USA air raids. This means that the USAs
involvement in the Korean War was not justified as it resulted in extensive destruction
and injuries as well as additional problems such as homelessness for the innocent
North Korean civilians.
This photograph was published in October 1950 in order to criticise the USA for
its unjustified involvement in the Korean War. This can be seen from the source
where an elderly woman carrying an injured child with a bandage around his head were
among those North Korean civilians standing in the midst of rubble possibly from their
homes that were destroyed by the USA air raids. This means that the USAs
L4 involvement in the Korean War was not justified as it resulted in extensive destruction [4]
and injuries as well as additional problems such as homelessness for the innocent
North Korean civilians.
L4 + PURPOSE (IMPACT)
(use of VAMIEE)
Example
L5 [5]
This photograph was published in October 1950 in order to criticise the USA for
its unjustified involvement in the Korean War. As the source was published while
the war was still going on, the photographer must have wanted the USA to be
pressured into rethinking its unconstructive involvement in the war and adopting
4
a different military tactic that would produce a more positive outcome in the
Korean War. This can be seen from the source where an elderly woman carrying an
injured child with a bandage around his head were among those North Korean civilians
standing in the midst of rubble possibly from their homes that were destroyed by the
USA air raids. This means that the USAs involvement in the Korean War was not
justified as it resulted in extensive destruction and injuries as well as additional
problems such as homelessness for the innocent North Korean civilians.
5
How similar are these two sources? Explain your answer. [6]
Question Target: Comparison Skill
SIMILARITY / DIFFERENCE BASED ON PROVENANCE/ SOURCE TYPE/ FALSE
MATCHING
Example
L1 [1]
Sources C and D are similar as both sources are taken from members of the
American government involved in the Korean War. [answer based on provenance]
Sources C and D are similar when talking about how the USAs involvement in the
Korean War was justified.
L2 OR/AND [2]
Sources C and D are different as Source C stated that the USA intervened in the
Korean War to protect the freedom of the democratic South Korea while Source D
stated that the USA intervened to protect its own security and honour.
Sources C and D are similar when talking about how the USAs involvement in
the Korean War was justified because it was done in order to protect sovereign
South Korea. The evidence from Source C is By their actions, Communist leaders
have demonstrated their disrespect for basic moral principles of the United Nations.
This is a direct challenge to the efforts of free nations to build a world where men can
live in freedom and peace. This means that the USAs involvement in the Korean
War was justified as they are protecting a democratic nation from being aggressively
taken over by Communism. Similarly, the evidence from Source D is Clearly the
invasion of South Korea by North Korea was an open, undisguised challenge to
Americas internationally accepted position as the protector of democratic South
Korea, which was also an area of great importance to the security of the nearby
American-occupied Japan. This also means that the USAs involvement in the
Korean War was justified as they are protecting democratic South Korea from being
unlawfully invaded the Communist North Korea. Thus, both sources are similar.
L3 [3]
OR
Sources C and D are different as Source C stated that the USA intervened in
the Korean War to protect the freedom of the democratic South Korea while
Source D stated that the USA intervened to protect its own security and
honour. The evidence from Source C is An act of aggression such as this creates a
very real danger to the security of all free, democratic nations. By their actions,
Communist leaders have demonstrated their disrespect for basic moral principles of
the United Nations. This means that the USA intervened in the Korean War to
protect the freedom of the democratic countries like South Korea from being
unlawfully invaded by Communist countries. On the other hand, the evidence from
Source D is Clearly the invasion of South Korea by North Korea was an open,
undisguised challenge to Americas internationally accepted position as the protector
of democratic South Korea, which was also an area of great importance to the
security of the nearby American-occupied Japan. To back away from this challenge,
in view of the power of the USA, would be highly destructive of our strength and
reputation. This means that the USA intervened in the Korean War to protect its own
security interest in the region as well as to show its status as a world power with the
6
L4+
Both sources are similar as they have the same purpose, which is to convince the
L5 [6]
American public that the USAs involvement in the Korean War was justified.
These were done in both sources so that the American public will continue to support
and honour the positive role of the United States in the Korean War to protect the
freedom of democratic countries.
7
How useful is this source as evidence about the USAs involvement in the Korean
War? Explain your answer. [6]
Question Target: Utility Skill
USEFUL/ NOT USEFUL BASED ON DEVELOPED PROVENANCE
OR
USEFUL OR NOT USEFUL BASED ON SOURCE CONTENT, UNSUPPORTED
Example
Source E is not useful as evidence about the USAs involvement in the Korean War
because it came from the North Korean Foreign Minister himself during the height of
the Korean War in 1950. Naturally, the minister would paint a negative image of the
L1 [1]
USA, the country that North Korea was at war with at that point in time. [answer
based on developed provenance]
OR
Source E is useful because it tells me that the USAs involvement in the Korean war
was not justified. [answer based on content, unsupported]
L2 [2-3]
OR/AND
Source E is not useful because it does not tell us that the USA had a moral
obligation for its involvement in the Korean war, which is to stop the spread of
communism in Korea. The source only mentions the North Koreans
perspective that the intervention was not justified as it was meant to attack
and occupy North Korea instead. The evidence is American intervention and
their running dogs in the South Korean government have inflicted tremendous
tragedies and hardships upon the Korean people in this civil war, for which the U.S.
government is solely responsible. They have supplied political, military and economic
aid, and directed in the building and training of South Korean army, and in working
out an aggressive plan for the invasion of North Korea. This means that the USAs
involvement in the Korean war was not justified because their intervention was done
with the intention of invading North Korea and has also resulted in the suffering of
the Korean civilians instead.
Korean war was not justified. The evidence is American intervention and their
running dogs in the South Korean government have inflicted tremendous tragedies
and hardships upon the Korean people in this civil war, for which the U.S.
government is solely responsible. They have supplied political, military and economic
aid, and directed in the building and training of South Korean army, and in working
out an aggressive plan for the invasion of North Korea. This means that the USAs
involvement in the Korean war was not justified because their intervention was done
with the intention of invading North Korea and has also resulted in the suffering of
the Korean civilians instead. Furthermore, Source E is supported by Source B.
This can be seen from the source where an elderly woman carrying an injured child
with a bandage around his head were among those North Korean civilians standing
in the midst of rubble possibly from their homes that were destroyed by the USA air
raids. This also means that the USAs involvement in the Korean War was not
justified as it resulted in extensive destruction and injuries as well as additional
problems such as homelessness for the innocent North Korean civilians. Since
Source E is supported by Source B, this means that Source E is reliable.
Hence, Source E is useful.
OR/AND
Source E is not useful because it does not tell us that the USA had a moral
obligation for its involvement in the Korean war, which is to stop the spread of
communism in Korea. The source only mentions the North Koreans
perspective that the intervention was not justified as it was meant to attack
and occupy North Korea instead. The evidence is American intervention and
their running dogs in the South Korean government have inflicted tremendous
tragedies and hardships upon the Korean people in this civil war, for which the U.S.
government is solely responsible. They have supplied political, military and economic
aid, and directed in the building and training of South Korean army, and in working
out an aggressive plan for the invasion of North Korea. This means that the USAs
involvement in the Korean war was not justified because their intervention was done
with the intention of invading North Korea and has also resulted in the suffering of
the Korean civilians instead. Furthermore, Source E is challenged by Source C.
The evidence is By their actions, Communist leaders have demonstrated their
disrespect for basic moral principles of the United Nations. This is a direct challenge
to the efforts of free nations to build a world where men can live in freedom and
peace. This means that the USAs involvement in the Korean War was justified as
they intervened to protect a democratic nation from being unlawfully invaded by a
Communist country. Since Source E is challenged by Source C, this means that
Source E is not reliable. Hence, Source E is not useful.
L4 + QUESTIONING PURPOSE
Example
L4+
The source is not useful as evidence about the USAs involvement in the Korean
War as the North Korean Foreign Minister sent the statement to the President of the
United States with the specific purpose to convince the United Nations that the
L4 USAs involvement in the Korean War was not justified. By sending the [6]
statement, he hoped that the United Nations would reassess its intervention and
consider pulling out its troops from the Korean War as their intervention had
not been beneficial to the situation in Korea. In doing this, the North Korean
Foreign Minister would naturally portray the American intervention in a negative light
such as the sufferings it had inflicted on the Korean civilians, thus making the source
biased and unreliable and therefore not useful.
9
The USAs involvement in the Korean War was justified. How far do these sources
support this view? Use the sources and your knowledge to explain your answer. [8]
Question Target: Evaluation Skill
WRITES ABOUT THE HYPOTHESIS, NO VALID SOURCE USE
Example
L1 [1]
On June 25, 1950, the Korean War began when some 75,000 soldiers from the
North Korean Peoples Army poured across the 38th parallel into the pro-Western
South Korea. By July, American troops had entered the war on South Koreas behalf.
Sources A, C and D support the view that the USAs involvement in the Korean
War was justified. This can be seen from Source A where a group of North Korean
soldiers were on their way to attack South Korea with their weapons and tanks while
yelling JOE STALIN SENT ME! and MAO TSE-TUNG SENT ME! which
suggested that North Korea was supported and aided by both Soviet Union and
China. The caption in the comic then posed the question Who defends democratic
South Korea? This means that the USAs involvement in the Korean War was
justified as they intervened in the war in order to protect the weaker democratic
South Korea in the face of stronger communist North Korean invading forces. The
evidence from Source C is By their actions, Communist leaders have demonstrated
their disrespect for basic moral principles of the United Nations. This is a direct
challenge to the efforts of free nations to build a world where men can live in
freedom and peace. This means that the USAs involvement in the Korean War was
justified as they are protecting a democratic nation from being aggressively taken
over by Communism. The evidence from Source D is Clearly the invasion of South
Korea by North Korea was an open, undisguised challenge to Americas
internationally accepted position as the protector of democratic South Korea, which
was also an area of great importance to the security of the nearby American-
occupied Japan. This means that the USAs involvement in the Korean War was
L2 [2-4]
justified as they are protecting democratic South Korea from being unlawfully
invaded the Communist North Korea. Thus, Sources A, C and D support the view
that the USAs involvement in the Korean War was justified.
OR
Sources B and E do not support the view that the USAs involvement in the
Korean War was justified. This can be seen from Source B where an elderly
woman carrying an injured child with a bandage around his head were among those
North Korean civilians standing in the midst of rubble possibly from their homes that
were destroyed by the USA air raids. This means that the USAs involvement in the
Korean War was not justified as it resulted in extensive destruction and injuries as
well as additional problems such as homelessness for the innocent North Korean
civilians. The evidence from Source E is American intervention and their running
dogs in the South Korean government have inflicted tremendous tragedies and
hardships upon the Korean people in this civil war, for which the U.S. government is
solely responsible. They have supplied political, military and economic aid, and
directed in the building and training of South Korean army, and in working out an
aggressive plan for the invasion of North Korea. This means that the USAs
involvement in the Korean war was not justified because their intervention was done
with the intention of invading North Korea and has also resulted in the suffering of
the Korean civilians instead. Thus, Sources B and E do not support the view that
the USAs involvement in the Korean War was justified.
10
For L2 and L3 award a bonus of up to two marks (i.e. +1/+1) for use of contextual knowledge to
question a source in relation to its reliability, sufficiency etc. the total mark must not exceed 8.
Notes:
To score in L2/L3 there must be source use, i.e. direct reference to source content.
Only credit source use where reference is made to a source by letter or direct quote. Simply
writing about issues in the sources is not enough.
Higher marks in L2/L3 to be awarded on numbers of sources used.
11
SEQ LORMS
12
(a) What were the strengths of the United States which contributed to the defeat of Japan in
World War II? [8]
(b) Explain how each of the following factors led to Japans defeat in World War II:
DESCRIBES REASONS
[Award 3 marks for describing one factor and 5 marks for describing 2 factors
up to a maximum of 6 marks.
Example
OR/ AND
Allied victory in Europe led to Japans defeat in World War II. The
Japanese had relied on the continued success of Hitlers armies in Europe to
distract the Allies. When the USA formally entered the war, it agreed with
Britain that they should defeat Germany first. By 1945, the Allies had defeated
Germany. Japan was now alone in facing the Allied powers. This made the
Allies even more determined to secure a complete victory and demand for an
unconditional surrender from Japan. It was clear that the defeat of Japan was
inevitable.
EXPLAINS REASONS
[Award 7-9 marks for one explained reason and 10-12 marks for two explained
reasons.]
Example
OR/ AND
Allied victory in Europe led to Japans defeat in World War II. The
Japanese had relied on the continued success of Hitlers armies in Europe to
distract the Allies. When the USA formally entered the war, it agreed with
Britain that they should defeat Germany first. By 1945, the Allies had defeated
Germany. Japan was now alone in facing the Allied powers. This made the
Allies even more determined to secure a complete victory and demand for an
unconditional surrender from Japan. It was clear that the defeat of Japan was
inevitable. Thus, Germanys defeat deprived Japan of its major partner in the
war. This also allowed the Allies to focus their planning and resources on
defeating Japan in the Asia Pacific. Japans fate was therefore sealed as it had
to stand alone and was no match for the Allies. This eventually led to its defeat
in August 1945. Hence, Allied victory in Europe led to Japans defeat in
World War II.
16
(a) What were the agreements made at the Yalta and Potsdam Conferences in 1945? [8]
At Yalta, the arrangements for post-war Europe was decided and the final
strategies to end the war was made. Stalin, President Roosevelt and
Churchill agreed that Germany was to be divided into four zones of occupation.
Britain, France, the USA and the Soviet Union would each administer one
zone. The capital of Berlin would also be divided into zones of occupation.
Countries liberated from German occupation were to hold free elections to
3-5
Level 2 choose their own government. The Soviet Union would also help the USA in
marks
the Asia-Pacific war against Japan in return for Soviet occupation of North
Korea and Manchuria.
OR
At Yalta, the arrangements for post-war Europe was decided and the final
strategies to end the war was made. Stalin, President Roosevelt and
Churchill agreed that Germany was to be divided into four zones of occupation.
Britain, France, the USA and the Soviet Union would each administer one 6-8
Level 3
zone. The capital of Berlin would also be divided into zones of occupation. marks
Countries liberated from German occupation were to hold free elections to
choose their own government. The Soviet Union would also help the USA in
the Asia-Pacific war against Japan in return for Soviet occupation of North
Korea and Manchuria.
AND
Control Council, comprising the Soviet Union, the USA, Britain and France,
until the formation of a new Germany that would no longer threaten the peace
of Europe. The Polish Provisional Government at National Unity was to be
recognised, and free elections to be held in Poland as soon as possible.
18
(b) Explain how each of the following factors led to the Cold War in Europe:
(i) ideological conflict between the USA and the Soviet Union,
DESCRIBES FACTORS
[Award 3 marks for describing one factor and 5 marks for describing 2 factors
up to a maximum of 6 marks.
Example
One factor that led to the Cold War in Europe was the ideological conflict
between the USA and the Soviet Union. Ideological conflict between the USA
and the Soviet Union had been present long before World War II. Tensions
between the two countries became evidence after the Russian Revolution in
1917. Russia became communist, and embraced a vision that conflicted with
Western Europe and the USAs democratic and capitalist ideology. The
Western European democratic countries were concerned that the communists
would spread their ideas to their countries, and incite similar revolutions there.
Such a fear prompted them to provide military and other forms of aid to the
Russian anti-communist forces during the Russian Civil War. These
interventions were perceived by Lenin, the communist leader of Russia, to be
attempts by the Western democratic countries to undermine the survival of
Russia as well as communism. In turn, he founded the Communist International
(or Comintern) in March 1919. It was an international communist organisation
which aimed for the creation of an international Soviet republic by all available
means, including an armed forces. After winning the Russian Civil War, the
communists officially formed Soviet Union in 1922. The USA was reluctant to
3-6
Level 2 recognise the Soviet Union as a nation until 1933, because of its communist
marks
ideology.
OR/ AND
Another factor that led to the Cold War in Europe was the end of wartime
alliance between the superpowers. The removal of their common enemy,
Germany, meant that there was no further need for the USA and the Soviet
Union to remain allies after World War II. Each sought to strengthen its own
political and economic influence in Europe. American economic and security
needs, as well as a desire to support the post-war economic reconstruction and
political self-determination of Europe, clashed with the security needs and
ideological beliefs of the Soviet Union. The USA feared that the Soviet Union
would stir up communist movements and establish communist governments in
Europe. This could result in the USA losing its sphere of influence and trading
markets, and the possibility of having to conduct relations with a continent that
opposed its own political and economic ideals. The Soviet Union, on the other
hand, refused to allow a capitalist Europe to encircle it and threaten its own
security and survival.
19
EXPLAINS FACTORS
[Award 7-9 marks for one explained reason and 10-12 marks for two explained
reasons.]
Example
One factor that led to the Cold War in Europe was the ideological conflict
between the USA and the Soviet Union. Ideological conflict between the USA
and the Soviet Union had been present long before World War II. Tensions
between the two countries became evident after the Russian Revolution in
1917. Russia became communist, and embraced a vision that conflicted with
Western Europe and the USAs democratic and capitalist ideology. The
Western European democratic countries were concerned that the communists
would spread their ideas to their countries, and incite similar revolutions there.
Such a fear prompted them to provide military and other forms of aid to the
Russian anti-communist forces during the Russian Civil War. These
interventions were perceived by Lenin, the communist leader of Russia, to be
attempts by the Western democratic countries to undermine the survival of
Russia as well as communism. In turn, he founded the Communist International
(or Comintern) in March 1919. It was an international communist organisation
which aimed for the creation of an international Soviet republic by all available
means, including an armed forces. After winning the Russian Civil War, the
communists officially formed Soviet Union in 1922. The USA was reluctant to
recognise the Soviet Union as a nation until 1933, because of its communist
ideology. Thus, both ideologies were complete opposites of each other. Both
USSR and USA believed that their system was the better one. The desire to
establish the superiority of their ideology meant that both sides were keen to
spread their influence. As a result, both sides were not willing to make
compromises as they wanted their ideology to emerge as the dominant force in
7-12
Level 3 the world. This fundamental difference caused the antagonism and tensions
marks
between the two superpowers which led to the outbreak of Cold War. Hence,
the ideological conflict between the USA and the Soviet Union was one
factor that led to the Cold War in Europe.
OR/ AND
Another factor that led to the Cold War in Europe was the end of wartime
alliance between the superpowers. The removal of their common enemy,
Germany, meant that there was no further need for the USA and the Soviet
Union to remain allies after World War II. Each sought to strengthen its own
political and economic influence in Europe. American economic and security
needs, as well as a desire to support the post-war economic reconstruction and
political self-determination of Europe, clashed with the security needs and
ideological beliefs of the Soviet Union. The USA feared that the Soviet Union
would stir up communist movements and establish communist governments in
Europe. This could result in the USA losing its sphere of influence and trading
markets, and the possibility of having to conduct relations with a continent that
opposed its own political and economic ideals. The Soviet Union, on the other
hand, refused to allow a capitalist Europe to encircle it and threaten its own
security and survival. Thus, the alliance between USSR and USA, which
allowed the two powers to cooperate, was only meant to be temporary. After
the defeat of Germany, there was no longer a shared common interest and
relations between USA and USSR returned to pre-war levels where suspicion
and mistrust was normal. The breakdown of war time alliances worsened
relations between the two blocs and heightened tension and suspicion, thereby
leading to the Cold War. Hence, the end of wartime alliance between the
superpowers was another factor that led to the Cold War in Europe.