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INVENTORY CONTROL
Aims and Objectives of Inventory Control :
Aims and objectives of inventory control are to:
i. Maintain availability of materials whenever and
wherever required in optimal quantity.
ii. Minimize the ineffective stock , which may be drugs,
dressing materials, suture, etc
iii. Optimize the various costs associated with
inventories, such as purchase cost, carrying cost,
shortage cost etc.
Principle of Inventory control:
The basic principle of inventory control is also to contain
costs.
The purchase cost of a hospital item is the direct cost of the
materials, which is inclusive of taxes and freight.
The techniques followed are bulk buying rate contract, and
combined buying, negotiating purchase prices by assuring
long-term business.
Principle of Inventory control
Model I
V E D
A AV AE AD Category I
B BV BE BD Category II
C CV CE CD Category III
Model II
A AV AE AD
B BV BE BD
C CV CE CD
A high degree of control on inventories of each item
would neither be practical considering the work
involved nor worthwhile since all items are not of
equal importance.
It is desirable to classify them into groups of items to
control, which is commensurate with its importance.
These analyses are based on the principle of Vital few
trivial many and a higher degree of attention is
focused on vital, few which affects the results
significations.
The service levels of various items should take into
account of these classifications and from the overall
objective point of view. The suggested service levels
for various items are:
V E D
A S 85 % 75 % 70 %
D 75 % 70 % 60 %
E 60 % 50 % 50 %
B S 95 % 85 % 75 %
D 80 % 75 % 65 %
E 70 % 70 % 50 %
C S 99.9 % 95 % 80 %
D 90 % 85 % 70 %
E 80 % 80 %
The Order Size :
The problem of determining purchase quantity becomes critical
only for items that are routinely carried in stock.
Purchase quantity of hospital stocks items not only determines
inventory level, but also affects internal operation costs.
The determination of optimum order quantity is influenced by two
forces pushing in opposite directions, large purchase quantity
maximize inventory carrying costs and minimize the ordering
costs, while the converse is true when purchase quantities are
reduced.
The Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) is that value of purchase
quantity that will yield the minimum total cost of a lot.
Distribution Process :
The hospital materials manager is not only responsible for buying
and storing hospital materials but also for ensuring that the right
supplies.
Which is according to the need of the user department, like
posterior mirror laryngoscope can be used by ENT department
only)
In the right quantities (right quantities of plaster of Paris cast,
must be supplied to the orthopedic departments, for closed
reduction of fracture cases) are made available to the right
locations (like installment of whole body MRI for metastatic survey
in the oncology department of a hospital set up) at the right time
Distribution Process.
Material is first moved from receiving to a storage
area that is associated with Stores Management.
It may then by keep in inventory until it is
transported to an ultimate user, who may then store
it until the material is finally consumed.
Fetch and Carry System :
Someone in the user department is delegated the
responsibility for maintaining adequate level of
supplies, filling out the required requisition form for
all the items needed and getting the requisition to the
Central Stores for Processing.
Central Stores in turn fills the order and delivers the
requested items on a supply cart to the user
department.
The Par Level System :
Each department uses local storage space as and
when ordering from the Central Stores.
These quotes are reviewed and updated at least
quarterly. The quotes are maintained by Central
Stores.
An attendant from stores generally makes the round
of all user departments at frequent interval, using a
large transfer cart the attendant replenishes all stock
back to the pre-assigned par level.
The Total-Supply-Cart Exchange System :
It is the newest, mode of materials distribution. It
works best when carts include all items used by a user
department and when the quotes are established.
The par system is characteristic of both exchange cart
and par distribution methods, if it is able to identify
usage by user unit during the review period.
The more frequent the review, the fewer inventories is
needed in the user area.
The empirical role is to review high level A item daily
and to review low value B and C items about twice per
week.
Maintaining Stock Levels :