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Contents
Section A General Information page
1 About this guide 7
2 Important points to be aware of before having treatment 8
3 How to find out which therapy to use 9
4 Standards and safety 12
5 Where to find a complementary healthcare practitioner 14
6 Questions to ask a practitioner before going for treatment 16
7 What if Im unhappy with the treatment? 17
Section A
General Information
7
Finding a practitioner
When you have decided which
complementary therapy you would like to
use, the next step is to find a practitioner of
that therapy. As explained in Chapter 4,
standards of training and practice of
complementary therapies can vary and the
different therapy professions are at
different stages in the development of
regulatory systems.
In each of the chapters in this book
about individual therapies (Chapters 8-23),
we give a list of the associations that
16 General Information
6 Questions
to ask a
practitioner
before going
for treatment professionally with patients. It is also
important that practitioners carry on
learning and keep up with developments in
It is important that you see a practitioner with their profession. The practitioner may have
appropriate training and qualifications, and her certificate of qualification displayed in
that the practitioner has the experience and the consulting room or she should be able
facilities to help you. You can check these to show it to you.
things by asking the practitioner a number of
questions. Feel free to ask a practitioner
anything that will help you to decide whether Experience
or not she is the right professional to work Does the practitioner have experience in
with you. If you are thinking of seeing a treating people with your condition? In some
practitioner who works from a clinic or circumstances, for instance if you have cancer
centre, along with other practitioners, the and are interested in having complementary
clinic should have details of training, treatment in addition to your conventional
qualifications and experience. treatment, it may be best to see a practitioner
Even if you are going to see a with special training. If there is an organisation
practitioner who has been recommended or society for people with your condition, they
by someone you know, you can still ask the may give advice about this.
following questions. When you have
spoken to a practitioner on the phone dont
feel obliged to make an appointment with Insurance
her if you dont feel comfortable; it is fine You should check that the practitioner is
for you to speak to several if you need to insured so that you can be compensated if
before making a decision. anything goes wrong with the treatment or
if you have an accident on her premises.
Is the practitioner regulated? Again, practitioners should have a
certificate showing that they are insured.
Is the practitioner registered with a
statutory regulatory body or professional
association? The practitioner should be What will it cost?
able to give you contact details for her
What is the charge for a treatment? Does
regulatory body or professional association.
the first appointment cost more?
You can contact the organisation to check
Sometimes practitioners charge more for
this. You can also ask what the practitioner
the first appointment because they need
had to do to become registered. The
to spend longer taking details of your
practitioner may have her registration
medical history. Will there be extra costs
certificate displayed in the consulting room
for the remedies or supplements they
or she should be able to show it to you.
give you?
7 What if Im
unhappy with
the treatment?
You have the right to make your feelings
known if you are unhappy with the
Information
treatment you have received. Reasons you
Does the practitioner have any information may not feel happy include not liking the
about her practice and therapy she can treatment, being hurt or injured during
send you before you see her? treatment or while you were in the
practitioners clinic, or the practitioners
Is there anything you need to behaviour towards you. Some things are
relatively simple to sort out.
do beforehand?
Are there any preparations you need to I didnt like the treatment. It may be that
make before treatment, such as not eating the treatment is not the best one for you.
for a short time, or wearing particular But before you decide to stop, talk to the
clothing? practitioner and explain what you did not
like and why. Feedback from you is
How might you feel important in helping a practitioner
decide how to treat you. He may be able
afterwards? to adapt the treatment if you discuss
How might you feel after treatment? Are your concerns.
there any precautions you need to take
straight after a treatment, such as not I didnt get along with the practitioner.
driving? Are you likely to feel discomfort or The professional relationship between
pain and, if so, how long is this likely to you and your practitioner is very
last? important in getting the best out of your
treatment. Relationships dont always
work. If you feel that you cant work well
Do you have particular with a practitioner, it is best to go
needs? somewhere else for treatment.
If you have a disability, make sure the
practitioner has what you need, such as However, if the reason you did not get on
wheelchair access. with the practitioner was because you were
not happy about his behaviour towards you,
you may want to do something about it.
The Prevention of Professional Abuse
Network (POPAN) says that when a
professional takes advantage of their client
or patient's trust.does not act in their
best interests and fails to keep professional
boundaries,14 the practitioners behaviour
can be called professional abuse.
your NHS boards patient liaison officer or In Wales the local community health
complaints officer or from the NHS Helpline council runs the independent complaints
in Scotland 0800 224488. To find your local advocacy service. You can find your local
NHS board phone NHS 24 on 08454 24 24 community health council by telephoning
24 or look on the Scottish NHS website at the Board of Community Health Councils in
www.show.scot.nhs.uk Wales on 0845 644 7814 or looking on the
Wales website www.patienthelp.wales.nhs.uk
For information on how to complain about In Scotland the local health councils
NHS treatment in Wales phone NHS Direct have been supporting people making
Wales on 0845 46 47 or look on the NHS complaints. From 1 April 2005, local
Wales website at branches of the new Scottish Health
www.wales.nhs.uk/documents/complaints- Council will take over responsibility for
leaflet-e.pdf You can find your local health doing this. You will be able to find out how
board or trust by telephoning NHS Direct to contact your local branch by telephoning
Wales or looking at the NHS Direct Wales NHS 24 on 08454 24 24 24.
website at In Northern Ireland the local health and
www.nhsdirect.wales.nhs.uk/nhsdirect.asp social services councils give advice and
?id=22 support on making a complaint. You can
find your local council on the Northern
Northern Ireland
Ireland NHS website at
The local health and social services boards
www.n-i.nhs.uk/index.html
can give information on how to complain
The National Association of Citizens
about NHS services in Northern Ireland. You
Advice Bureaux website has information
can get contact details for your local board
about how to complain about NHS services
by asking at your GPs surgery or on the
in England, Scotland, Wales and N Ireland
Internet at www.n-i.nhs.uk/ You can also
at www.adviceguide.org.uk/index/family_
find out how to make a complaint by
parent/health/nhs_complaints.htm
looking on the Central Services Agency
including a self-help pack to support you
website at www.centralservicesagency.n-
when making a complaint
i.nhs.uk/display/how_to_make_a_complaint
www.adviceguide.org.uk/icas_self_help_pa
Help with making a complaint ck.pdf
through the NHS Local citizens advice bureaux in the UK
Sometimes making a complaint may not may also be able to provide help to make a
feel straightforward and you may need help complaint. You can find out where your
or support. local citizens advice bureau is by looking in
the local telephone directory or on the
Help from inside the NHS
internet at
In England, patient advice and liaison
www.citizensadvice.org.uk/index/getadvice
services, based in NHS trusts, give advice and
The Public Law Project has a guide to
support to patients, carers and their families
help people making a complaint about
and can help if you want to make a complaint.
NHS treatment. It is available from the
In Scotland NHS boards have patient liaison
Public Law Project, 266-268 Holloway
or complaints officers who can help.
Road, London N7 6NE. Telephone 020
Help from outside the NHS 7697 2190. The guide is free but you need
If your complaint is about an NHS service, to send an A4 size envelope with your
your local independent complaints name and address and a 54p stamp for
advocacy service (ICAS) will be able to help each copy you order.
you. You can find your local advocacy
service by contacting NHS Direct in
England on 0845 46 47.
When you are seeing the
There is also a list of the independent practitioner privately
complaints advocacy services in England If the practitioner is regulated by law and
on the complaints policy section of the talking to him has not helped, or you dont
Department of Health website feel you can do that, you can talk to
www.dh.gov.uk/PolicyAndGuidance/Organi someone at his regulatory body about your
sationPolicy/ComplaintsPolicy/fs/en concerns. It may be that the matter can be
20 General Information
sorted out in this way. If not, the regulatory relevant information as possible.
body will have a complaints procedure and Practitioners who are found unfit to practise
the practitioner may also have a local by their professional association may be
complaints procedure for his clinic. These taken off that associations register, but
should be available for you to see but if you they could still practise or join another
prefer not to talk directly to the practitioner association.
you can get a copy from the regulatory If you see a practitioner who is not a
body. member of a professional association you
Sometimes the complaints procedure is will not be able to talk to, or complain to, a
available on the regulatory bodys website. professional association if things go wrong.
If not, you will have to telephone them or If the practitioner is not insured and you are
write to them for a copy. You will need to hurt or injured by treatment or by an
make the complaint in writing and include accident on the practitioners premises,
as much relevant information as possible. you will be most unlikely to get any
The regulatory body should give you advice compensation.
about making a complaint. Practitioners If the professional association will not
who are found unfit to practise by their help you, or the practitioner does not
regulatory body may be taken off that belong to a professional association it will
bodys register. be very hard for you to get help if you are
The practitioner will have insurance so unhappy with your treatment. If the
that if you have been hurt or injured by practitioners behaviour towards you has
treatment or by an accident in the clinic, been abusive, then the Prevention of
you should be able to get compensation if Professional Abuse Network (website:
the practitioner or the clinic are www.popan.org.uk; tel: 08454 500 300)
responsible. may be able to help. In other cases, if the
If the practitioner is not regulated by practitioner has been negligent and you
law and talking to him has not helped, or have been harmed, going to court may be
you dont feel you can do that, the steps an option. However, this can be a difficult,
you can take depend on the standards of expensive and stressful process and it
the professional association he is could be very hard to prove your case. A
registered with. local law centre or citizens advice bureau
Many of the professional associations may be able to advise you but there is
that register practitioners of therapies not always a big demand for their services.
regulated by law do have complaints You may also be able to get advice from
procedures that are easily available, either Action against Medical Accidents, a charity
through the practitioner or directly from the that helps people who have been harmed
association and do require their during healthcare treatment. Tel: 0845 123
practitioners to have professional 2352; website: www.avma.org.uk
indemnity insurance. Some will also be
prepared to listen to your concerns before
you make a complaint and give you
information about how to make a
complaint.
However, as explained in Chapter 4,
Standards and safety, standards can vary so
you may find that not all professional
associations have appropriate complaints
procedures or will help you make a
complaint. This is one reason we suggest
you ask the questions in Chapter 6 before
having treatment; you could also ask
whether the practitioner has available a
complaints procedure from the association
he is registered with.
If you do make a complaint, you will
need to do it in writing and include as much
21
Section B
Complementary Therapies
22 Complementary Therapies
8 Chiropractic
Chiropractic is concerned with the
diagnosis, treatment and prevention of
mechanical disorders of the
musculoskeletal system and the effects of
these disorders on the function of the
nervous system and general health. In What will happen when I see
other words, chiropractors believe that the a chiropractor?
health of the spine and the nervous
system running through it can influence Your first visit will last between 30 minutes
the health of the whole body. Manual and 11/2 hours. The chiropractor will take a
treatments, such as spinal manipulation or full case history and ask about your
adjustment,15 are usually used. condition, which illnesses and injuries you
There are about 2000 chiropractors have had, the kind of work you do and even
registered with the General Chiropractic about the type of bed you sleep on. You will
Council. Many chiropractors do not think be asked to take most of your clothes off,
of themselves as complementary except your underwear, and be given a
practitioners. They are regulated by law gown to put on. You will be able to do this
and prefer to call themselves primary in private. The chiropractor will ask you to
healthcare practitioners. In 2001, about agree to a physical examination and may
23% of doctors surgeries were providing also check your pulse, heart, blood
chiropractic or osteopathic treatment at pressure and lungs. If she thinks it is
the surgery or making NHS referrals to necessary, the chiropractor may also
chiropractors or osteopaths.16 request an x-ray.
Before your treatments start the
chiropractor should explain what the
What is chiropractic examination found, how she plans to treat
commonly used for? you and whether there are any risks
associated with your condition or the
Chiropractic is used mainly for disorders
treatment. Treatments usually last around
of the musculoskeletal system such as
15-20 minutes, and involve the chiropractor
spine, neck and shoulder problems;
making adjustments to the spine.
migraine and tension headaches; joint,
Your chiropractor can also suggest ways
posture and muscle problems; sciatica;
you can help yourself, such as exercise and
sports injuries; whiplash and repetitive
diet. Most health conditions are treated
strain injury. It may also be used for
within 4 to 12 sessions, depending on the
asthma; digestive disorders; menstrual
nature of the complaint and how long you
pain and infant colic.17
have had it. The chiropractor may suggest
A Medical Research Council clinical
follow-up treatments at regular intervals.20
trial, reported in the British Medical
Journal in 1990, found that chiropractic
treatment of back pain was 29 % more Precautions
effective than hospital outpatient It is quite common to feel some mild
treatment. A follow-up trial in 1995 discomfort or tiredness straight after
confirmed these results and found that treatment. If these go on longer or you feel
chiropractic patients were, on the whole, much worse you should tell your
more satisfied than those who had chiropractor straight away.
conventional hospital outpatient treatment You should not use chiropractic
for back pain.18 The Royal College of treatment if you have severe osteoporosis,
General Practitioners recommends malignant or inflammatory spine conditions
manipulation for acute and sub-acute back or recent fractures, or if you are on anti-
pain.19 clotting drugs or some steroids.21
23
9 Osteopathy
Osteopaths work with the bodys
musculoskeletal system, which is made up
of the bones, joints, muscles, ligaments
and connective tissue. They use their hands
to diagnose and treat abnormalities in the
There has been some discussion about way the body is working and damage
the potential risks associated with caused by disease.24 25
manipulation of the upper spine at the Treatment techniques that osteopaths
neck, which is one element of chiropractic use include muscle manipulation, joint
treatment and is also used by doctors, movements and high velocity thrusts,
physiotherapists and osteopaths. The which are short, sharp movements.26 27
BMJs clinical evidence website puts the These techniques are designed to reduce
risk of a stroke at between 1 and 3 in 1 joint stiffness along with tension in the
million manipulations.22 A review which muscles, and to help the spine and joints to
looked at the relative risks associated with move more freely. Osteopaths believe that
the use of spinal manipulation for neck pain this can improve circulation and promote
and the use of non-steroidal anti- the bodys own healing processes. The
inflammatory drugs concluded that treatment also includes advice about
manipulation was much safer (by as much lifestyle.
as several hundred times) than non- An American doctor, Andrew Taylor Still,
steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.23 believed that some illnesses could be
caused by parts of the body becoming even
a little out of place. In the 1870s he
Cost
developed osteopathy to help the body
Treatment costs from between 25 and 45 return to normal. The first school of
a session. The first appointment will cost osteopathy in Britain was opened in
more, from between 30 to 60 upwards, London in 1917.
because it will usually be a longer Today there are around 3,600 osteopaths
appointment. Some health insurance on the General Osteopathic Council
schemes and medical cash plans cover statutory register, and more than six million
chiropractic treatment. consultations every year.28 Osteopathy is
becoming widely recognised by the
Finding a chiropractor medical profession, and is now made
available by one quarter of GP practices.29
The chiropractic profession is regulated by Many osteopaths do not think of
law. The General Chiropractic Council is themselves as complementary
the regulatory body and, in the UK, only practitioners. They are regulated by law and
chiropractors who are registered with the prefer to call themselves primary
General Chiropractic Council are allowed to healthcare practitioners. In 2001, about
call themselves chiropractors. To find 23% of doctors surgeries were providing
chiropractors in your area contact the osteopathic or chiropractic treatment.30
General Chiropractic Council or look in your
local telephone directory. What is osteopathy commonly
General Chiropractic Council used for?
44 Wicklow Street Osteopathy is often used for low back pain
London WC1X 9HL and there is some evidence that it is helpful
Tel: 020 7713 5155 for this.31 32 The Royal College of General
Fax: 020 7713 5844 Practitioners recommends manipulation for
Email: enquries@gcc-uk.org acute and sub-acute back pain.33
Website: www.gcc-uk.org Osteopathy is also used for neck pain,
24 Complementary Therapies
muscle, joint and postural problems, pain treatment. Always tell your osteopath if
during pregnancy, sports and repetitive you feel worse or are in pain for longer
strain injuries, sciatica, headaches, than this.
osteoarthritis, digestive disorders and The use of a technique known as a high
menstrual pain. velocity thrust is not advisable if you have
Some osteopaths use cranial certain conditions including: osteoporosis;
osteopathic techniques, involving very tumours; broken bones; infections;
gentle movements on the head and the ligament damage; inflammatory joint
sacrum bone, which sits at the bottom of disease; aneurysm; haemophilia or other
the spine.34 It is often used for children with bleeding disorders; active multiple
colic, glue ear, sinus problems and constant sclerosis; or you are taking anticoagulant
crying, but it can also be used for adults, drugs or are between eight and twelve
particularly for face, neck and jaw pain, weeks pregnant.38 39 However, there are
problems following shock and injury, other osteopathic techniques that the
headaches and sinus problems.35 36 osteopath can use, if appropriate,40 so it is
very important that he knows if you are
What will happen when I see pregnant or have a serious health condition.
He should find this information out
an osteopath? when he takes your case history. It is
When you visit an osteopath for the first important, too, that you tell your doctor
time, he will take a full case history and give (and midwife or obstetrician if you are
you an examination. You will normally be pregnant) if you are planning to have
asked to remove some of your clothing and osteopathic treatment.
to perform some simple movements. The There has been some discussion about
osteopath will then use a highly developed the potential risks associated with
sense of touch, called palpation, to identify manipulation of the spine, such as possible
any points of weakness or strain spinal trauma after high velocity thrusts or
throughout the body. He may need stroke after manipulation of the upper spine
additional investigations such as x-rays or at the neck. These techniques may be
blood tests. This will allow a full diagnosis used, if appropriate, as part of osteopathic
and suitable treatment plan to be treatment and are also used by doctors,
developed for you. physiotherapists and chiropractors. The
Treatments usually take 30-45 minutes. BMJs clinical evidence website puts the
Osteopaths say that most people get most risk of a stroke at between 1 and 3 in 1
benefit from between 3 to 6 sessions, million manipulations.41 A review which
depending on the condition being treated.37 looked at the relative risks associated with
At the first session, your osteopath should the use of spinal manipulation for neck pain
be able to give you an indication of how and the use of non-steroidal anti-
many treatments you might need. For some inflammatory drugs concluded that
acute pain one or two treatments may be manipulation was much safer (by as much
all that is necessary. Chronic conditions as several hundred times) than non-
may need ongoing treatments from time to steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.42
time.
Cost
Precautions Treatments cost from approximately 25-
You may feel a little soreness, tiredness or 50 and upwards for a 3040 minute
have a mild headache for a day or two after session. The first session is usually longer
25
What is acupuncture
commonly used for?
Acupuncture is used to treat a wide range
of illnesses.48
general aches and pains; headaches; The needles may be manipulated from
rheumatic or arthritic pain; sports injuries; time to time, or stimulated electrically. Heat
sciatica or trapped nerves; chronic muscle may be applied either to the needles or
strain; migraines; plantar fasciitis; shingles directly to the point by burning a herb
and trigeminal neuralgia; and pain relief called moxa. Points may be stimulated
following surgery. 50 51 52 53 using other methods, such as massage or
low level laser.
Other medical problems: including nausea Follow-up treatments usually last
and vomiting; menstrual or menopause between 30 minutes and one hour. The
problems; bladder, bowel or digestive number of treatments you need will
problems; anxiety states; stress and depend on the health condition that you are
depression; hay fever and rhinitis; seeking treatment for. For most complaints,
circulatory problems; skin problems; you can expect to notice improvements
infertility; fibrositis; ulcers; allergies; sinus within about five or six sessions.63 To begin
problems; chronic catarrh; dry mouth or with, the acupuncturist may recommend
eyes; angina; insomnia; chronic fatigue that you receive treatment once or twice a
syndrome and general tiredness; post week. Patients with chronic (long-term)
operative nausea and vomiting. 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 illnesses may need top-up treatments every
few weeks with the aim of stopping them
Addictions: acupuncture is being getting worse.
increasingly used for people trying to
overcome addictions to alcohol, drugs and Precautions
smoking.61 Auricular acupuncture (putting
needles into the ear) is often used. Sometimes symptoms can temporarily get
worse after a treatment, though that is
Maternity: acupuncture is used during generally nothing to be concerned about, or
pregnancy, particularly for nausea and you may feel tired, light headed or,
vomiting, for back and pelvic pain and to occasionally, dizzy. It is best not to plan to
turn a breech baby62 and for pain relief do anything too strenuous immediately
during childbirth, but should only be given after an acupuncture treatment. If you do
by a properly trained and qualified feel dizzy or drowsy you should not drive
practitioner. until you are sure you feel better. If you
carry on feeling dizzy or worse, or you feel
ill in a different way after the treatment you
What will happen when I see must tell your practitioner. Very occasionally
there may be pain during treatment or a
an acupuncturist?
little bleeding or bruising after treatment.
Your first appointment will last from about Occasionally, certain patients may faint,
30 minutes to an hour and a half. The particularly with their first treatment.64
acupuncturist will ask you about your Serious side effects can occur after
current symptoms; medical history and any acupuncture but the risk has been
other medication you are currently taking; estimated as less than one per 10,000
diet and digestion; sleep patterns and treatments.65 Serious harm, including
emotional state. A traditional acupuncturist pneumothorax (a collection of air or gas in
will also feel your pulses on both wrists and the chest or pleural space that causes part
look at your tongue. These tests help her to or all of a lung to collapse), damage to heart
decide where to put the needles. or blood vessels and nerve damage can be
The acupuncturist will then insert very caused by poor practice. An article in the
fine needles into the surface of your skin in British Medical Journal said that in the
a number of different places, called hands of a competent practitioner,
acupuncture points. The needles will be left acupuncture is a very safe treatment.66
there for an appropriate length of time Properly trained and qualified
before they are gently removed. Some acupuncturists should use sterile,
people don't feel anything during disposable needles.
acupuncture, while others may feel tingling For your own safety, you should tell your
or a slight sensation. acupuncturist if you have ever had a fit or
27
mistakenly assume that simply because a If you feel worse or unwell in a different
product is natural it must be safe; there way while taking herbal medicines, you
are many plants that are poisonous to should tell your herbal medicine
humans. There are some safety issues to practitioner, your doctor or pharmacist
be aware of. straightaway. They can report any harmful
effects of medicines, including herbal
Some herbal medicines can interact with medicines, to the MHRA. To check whether
other prescribed medicines, so you the MHRA has issued advice about
should not take them at the same time. particular herbal products or ingredients,
For example, St Johns Wort and you can check Herbal Safety News on the
antidepressants; St Johns Wort and agencys website www.mhra.gov.uk
drugs for high blood pressure and for Phytonet (www.escop.com/phytonet.htm)
heart conditions; St Johns Wort and also collects information about harmful
anticoagulants such as Warfarin; ginkgo effects of herbal medicines.
biloba and anticoagulant drugs.78 The Medical Toxicology Unit at St Guys
and St Thomas NHS Trust suggests that
Herbal medicines made to poor patients ask for a list of the ingredients in
standards may be a health risk. The any herbal product they buy or are given. If
Medicines and Healthcare products they later suffer any ill effects and need
Regulatory Agency (MHRA) is the medical treatment, doctors will know what
government body responsible for the they have taken.79
safety of medicines in the UK. It collects In some parts of the world, Chinese
information about any harmful effects medicine practitioners use products that
(called adverse drug reactions) and it has are made from endangered species of
warned the public that the standards of animals. This is illegal in the UK and the ban
production of unlicensed traditional is strongly supported by the UK herbal
Chinese medicines can vary medicine profession.
considerably. Some have been found to It has not been easy for members of the
illegally contain pharmaceutical public to tell if an unlicensed herbal
ingredients, heavy metals or toxic herbs. medicine (whether supplied over the
For example, some herbal creams for counter in a shop or made up by a herbal
skin complaints have been found to practitioner) has been made to acceptable
contain steroids that are not listed as standards. The MHRA is planning changes
ingredients. in regulation and, from autumn 2005
onwards, will run a scheme for registering
Poor labelling of medicines can be a risk over-the-counter traditional herbal
as this can lead to patients using the medicines. These products will have to
product incorrectly. meet assured standards of safety, quality
and patient information. Advice will be
It is important that you discuss all your available on the MHRA web site on how to
medical treatments with your herbal identify these products.
medicine practitioner and tell your doctor if There are some licensed herbal
you are taking or planning to take herbal medicines on the market, which are made
remedies. This is particularly important if to assured standards and can be identified
you are about to have an operation, have by the PL number on the product.
had a liver complaint or are pregnant. The MHRA also carried out a
Pharmacists can also give advice on safety. consultation in 2004 about possible
30 Complementary Therapies
sensitive to light so you might get and practice and one register of
sunburnt more easily. If you have had practitioners who all meet a required
these oils on your skin, you should not standard. When this happens, members of
expose it to direct sunlight, sunbeds or the public will have a single point of contact
sunlamps afterwards.90 for finding practitioners. However, this
There is a possibility that some essential process takes time and at present
oils might be carcinogenic.91 They standards of training can vary, which is why
include basil and fennel, which are we suggest you ask the questions in
widely used and other oils which are not Chapter 6.
generally used in normal practice.92
There may be interactions between The Aromatherapy Consortium
some aromatherapy oils and PO Box 6522
homeopathic remedies, so tell your Desborough
aromatherapist if you are also seeing a Kettering
homeopath. Northants NN14 2YX
Pregnant women are advised to consult Tel/Fax: 0870 7743477
an aromatherapist and their midwife or Email: info@aromatherapy-
GP before using any essential oils. It is regulation.org.uk
generally advised that essential oils are Website: www.aromatherapy-
not used in the first 14 -16 weeks of regulation.org.uk/
pregnancy and some oils should not be
used at all during pregnancy. Aromatherapists Society
Aromatherapy and Allied Practitioners
Cost Association
Association of Medical Aromatherapists
An aromatherapy appointment usually Association of Natural Medicine
costs from between 20 and 45 upwards. Association of Physical and Natural
Some charitable organisations or hospices Therapists
make aromatherapy available more cheaply, BABTAC
or free of charge.93 British Complementary Medicine
Association
Finding an aromatherapist English Society de lInstitute Pierre
At the moment, there is no single body that Franchomme
regulates the aromatherapy profession. Institute of Complementary Medicine
There are a number of professional International Federation of Aromatherapists
associations that practitioners can choose International Federation of Professional
to belong to but an aromatherapist is not Aromatherapists
required by law to belong to a professional International Guild of Professional
association nor to have completed a Practitioners
specified course of training, although many International Holistic Aromatherapy
do belong to the organisations listed below. Foundation
These organisations are working Professional Association for Clinical
together as the Aromatherapy Consortium Therapists
to develop common standards of training Raworth Guild of Graduates
33
13 Craniosacral
therapy
Craniosacral therapy is a gentle treatment,
which involves a practitioner applying very
light touch to the body. The craniosacral
system consists of the membranes and Precautions
cerebrospinal fluid that surround and
protect the brain and spinal cord. It extends Certain serious head conditions such as
from the bones of the skull, face and mouth bleeding inside the head and raised
that make up the cranium, down the spine pressure or an aneurysm within the skull,
to the sacrum and tailbone area. have been noted as indications against
Practitioners believe that imbalances having craniosacral therapy.95 People with
and restrictions in the flow of recent head injuries have also been
cerebrospinal fluid reflect physical, mental, advised to be cautious about having
emotional or psychological injuries and treatment.96
tensions anywhere in the body. The aim of Patients may sometimes feel a mild
treatment is to encourage the bodys own discomfort or a temporary worsening of
healing process.94 symptoms after treatment and, according
Craniosacral therapy is related to cranial to John Upledger, who developed
osteopathy (see Chapter 9), but craniosacral craniosacral therapy, there is a possibility
practitioners are not trained as osteopaths. that treatment can increase the effects of
medicines for diabetes and epilepsy.97
14 Healing
Healing is an ancient practice that has been
used for thousands of years and is
sometimes referred to as the laying on of
hands. It aims to promote better health by
channelling energy through the healer to
time and at present standards of training the patient.98 Healers may put their hands
can vary, which is why we suggest you ask near patients or sometimes on them. Some
the questions in Chapter 6. healers also work at a distance or through
prayer, although there is no need for
The Cranial Forum patients to have religious beliefs to receive
Tel: 07000 272 646 healing. Some healers call themselves
Website: www.cranio.org.uk spiritual healers, while others prefer to say
hands-on healers or healers.
Cranio Sacral Society
Craniosacral Therapy Association of the UK
Craniosacral Therapy Association of What is healing commonly
Chartered Physiotherapists used for?
International Association of Craniosacral
Healing is used for a wide range of physical
Therapists
and emotional conditions. Research has
International Cranial Association
shown some benefit in many areas,
International Guild of Professional
including:
Practitioners
healing of wounds
chronic conditions such as migraine or
irritable bowel syndrome
reducing side-effects of chemotherapy
and radiotherapy for people with cancer
contributing to pain relief
helping relaxation
improving sleep patterns
reducing tension, stress and anxiety
providing emotional and spiritual support
contributing to a sense of well-being 99
Precautions
You should not plan to undertake any
Association for Therapeutic Healers
strenuous activity after a healing session.
Association of Spiritual Healers
You should tell the healer if you are having
British Alliance of Healing Associations
other complementary or conventional
British Association of Therapeutic Touch
medical treatments.
British Healers Association
Causeway Healers
Cost College of Healing
Community Healing Project
Healers working in a voluntary or charitable
Confederation of Healing Organisations
capacity may provide their healing free or in
Fellowship of Healers
return for a donation to the organisation.
Foundation of Spiritual Healing and
Other healers working as practitioners may
Guidance
charge between about 15 and 60 or
Greater World Association Trust
more, depending on where the practitioner
Harry Edwards Sanctuary
is working.
Holistic Healers Association
International Self Realisation Healing
Finding a healer Association
At the moment, there is no single body that Jewish Association of Spiritual Healers
regulates the healing profession. There are Joseph Carey Psychic Foundation
a number of professional associations that Kent Healers Association
practitioners can choose to belong to but a Lancs & District Healers Association
healer is not required by law to belong to a Lincolnshire Healers Association
professional association nor to have Mudita International Foundation & School of
completed a specified course of training, Healing
although many do belong to the National Federation of Spiritual Healers
organisations listed below. Charitable Trust
These organisations are working Northern Healers Forum
together as the UK Healers to develop Peacehaven Natural Healing Centre
common standards of training and practice Quaker Spiritual Healers
and one register of practitioners who all Research & Enlightenment
meet a required standard. When this Rosemary Altea Association
happens, members of the public will have a School of Insight & Intuition
single point of contact for finding Scottish Association of Spiritual Healers
practitioners. However, this process takes Seekers Trust
time and at present standards of training Self Realization Meditation Healing Centre
can vary, which is why we suggest you ask Spectrum Trust
the questions in Chapter 6. Spiritualists' National Union
Surrey Spiritual Healers Association
UK Healers United Spiritualists
PO BOX 207 Universal Spiritualists Association
LEEDS Warwickshire Spiritual Healers Association
LS16 5WX Westcountry Natural Healing Fellowship
Tel: 0845 6030 137 White Eagle Lodge
Email: admin@ukhealers.info White Rose Foundation
Website: www.ukhealers.info World Federation of Healing
36 Complementary Therapies
16 Hypnotherapy
The mental state where a person is so
relaxed that they become more open to
suggestion is called hypnosis.
Hypnotherapists use the state of hypnosis
to help people with health problems.105
Fellowship of Homeopaths Once the patient is in this deeply relaxed
Homeopathic Medical Association state the practitioner gives therapeutic
International Guild of Professional suggestions, which are aimed at
Practitioners influencing behaviour or relieving
International Register of Consultant symptoms.106
Herbalists
International Society for Homeopathy
Scottish Association of Professional What is hypnotherapy
Homeopaths commonly used for?
Society of Homeopaths
Hypnosis is used to treat stress, anxiety,
obesity, phobias, addictions,107 depression,
irritable bowel syndrome and asthma. It is
also used for pain relief, for pain associated
with cancer treatments and for other side
effects of cancer treatment, such as
nausea and vomiting.108 Hypnosis can be
used to help people relax, especially when
going for medical treatment or dental
treatment.109
Precautions
Hypnosis is not advisable for people with
psychosis, personality disorders or
epilepsy, as there is concern that it might
cause attacks or episodes of the disorders,
or for children under five years old.110
People with mental health problems and
serious illnesses, such as cancer, should
see practitioners who have experience of
working in these areas.111
39
17Massage
therapy
Massage therapy is a system of treatment
of the soft tissue of the body. It involves
stroking, kneading or applying pressure to
Cost various parts of the body, with the aim of
alleviating aches, pains and musculoskeletal
The cost of a hypnotherapy session starts problems (problems relating to the bone
from between 30 to 60 upwards. and muscle structure of the body, such as
headaches and back pain).
Finding a hypnotherapist
A patient can be very vulnerable in the What is massage commonly
hands of someone who does not use used for?
hypnosis in a responsible way, so it is
Massage is used for pain relief, muscular or
important that the practitioner is properly
joint problems such as arthritis or sports
trained. At the moment, there is no single
injuries, to aid relaxation and for more
body that regulates the hypnotherapy
general health improvement. Research
profession. There are a number of
indicates that therapeutic massage may
professional associations that practitioners
help with stress-related conditions, such as
can choose to belong to but a
insomnia, irritable bowel syndrome and
hypnotherapist is not required by law to
chronic fatigue,112 and with constipation and
belong to a professional association nor to
fibromyalgia.113 It can also be effective for
have completed a specified course of
persistent back pain.114 A guideline for the
training. We therefore suggest you ask the
treatment of multiple sclerosis, issued by
questions in Chapter 6.
the National Institute for Clinical Excellence
The British Society of Medical and
says that there is some evidence to
Dental Hypnosis (BSMDH) is a group of
suggest that massage might be of benefit
doctors, dentists, psychologists and other
for people with the condition.115
healthcare professionals who use
Massage may also be used for people
hypnotherapy in their practice.
with depression or acute or short-term
anxiety. This includes patients in intensive
Website: www.bsmdh.org
care, psychiatric institutions and hospices.
Massage is increasingly being used for pain
London area, tel: 07000 560 309
relief during childbirth and partners can be
Email: nat.office@bsmdh.org
trained to use massage techniques during
labour. Massage can be used to help
Rest of England and Wales
premature babies achieve more rapid
Tel: 020 8905 4342
weight gain and development. 116
Email: valentine.la@talk21.com
Precautions
It is important to have proper supervision if
you try a fast or a special diet. Sudden
changes to diet can cause physical
changes, so it is important to keep in touch
with your practitioner if anything concerns
you. Fasting is not advisable during
pregnancy or while breastfeeding.
42 Complementary Therapies
19 Nutritional
therapy
Nutritional therapy uses food and diet to
help the bodys own healing ability to
maintain good health and to prevent or
practitioner will probably want to see you
alleviate illness. Practitioners look for
for a course of treatment over a period of
nutritional deficiencies, allergies or
time and should be able to advise you on
intolerances to food, or for factors that can
the length of the course of treatment after
cause poor digestion or absorption in the
the first consultation. Your practitioner will
stomach or intestine. Treatment involves
monitor your progress and make changes
dietary change and may include the use of
to the therapeutic diet if necessary.
nutritional supplements, such as vitamins
and minerals.120 121
Precautions
What is nutritional therapy Some vitamins can be toxic when taken in
commonly used for? large doses, so always follow your
practitioner's advice or the guidelines on
Nutritional therapists often work with supplement packaging.
patients who have long-term health Pregnant and breast-feeding women,
problems that conventional medicine finds children and people with a serious illness
difficult to treat. These include allergies, should get medical advice before following
digestive and bowel disorders, hormonal a nutritional therapy programme or going
imbalances, fatigue, depression or stress, on a restricted diet.
migraine and skin disorders.122
20 Reflexology
Reflexology is based on the principle that
certain points on the feet and hands, called
reflex points, correspond to various parts of
the body and that by applying pressure to
these points in a systematic way, a practitioner
process takes time and at present can help to release tensions and encourage
standards of training can vary, which is why the bodys natural healing processes.
we suggest you ask the questions in Foot treatments have been used in many
Chapter 6. cultures, including India, Egypt and China,
for thousands of years. Reflexology in its
Nutritional Therapy Council current form was developed by Eunice
British Association for Nutritional Therapy Ingham in the 1930s, based on the
Website: www.bant.org.uk discoveries of the American ear, nose and
throat specialist, William Fitzgerald in the
International Guild of Professional early 20th century. It was brought to Europe
Practitioners by Doreen Bayly and has become very
Website: www.igpp.co.uk popular in the UK. It is offered in many
specialist centres such as pain clinics and
Register of Nutritional Therapists cancer units.
Website: www.nutritionalmed.co.uk
21 Reiki
Reiki is a method of healing that originated
with Mikao Usui in Japan in the early part of
the 20th century. The word reiki means
universal life energy in Japanese.
A reiki practitioner uses this energy to
encourage the body to heal itself. Reiki is your practitioner if you are having any
not part of a specific belief system and other complementary or conventional
anyone can use it. There are different medical treatments.
levels of reiki practitioners. Level one is
for people who have learnt reiki so that Cost
they can treat themselves, or use reiki
Reiki treatment can cost from between 15
informally with their friends and family.
and 60 upwards, depending on where you
Level two is practitioner level: people
live.
study to a higher level and are able to give
reiki treatments to patients. The third level
is reiki master or teacher. This level is Finding a reiki practitioner
sometimes split in two: master
At the moment, there is no single body
practitioner level and master teacher
that regulates the reiki profession. There
level.
are a number of professional associations
that practitioners can choose to belong to
What is reiki commonly used but a reiki practitioner is not required by
for? law to belong to a professional
Reiki is used for a wide range of physical, association nor to have completed a
mental and emotional conditions, including specified course of training, although
the relief of stress and tension. many do belong to the organisations
listed below.
These organisations are working
What will happen when I see together as the Reiki Regulatory Working
a reiki practitioner? Group to develop common standards of
training and practice and one register of
Reiki takes place in a peaceful and relaxing
practitioners who all meet a required
environment. You will be asked to sit, or lie
standard. When this happens, members
on a couch and the practitioner will take
of the public will have a single point of
your medical history. Apart from your coat
contact for finding practitioners. However,
and shoes, it is not necessary to take off
this process takes time and at present
any clothes. The practitioner will then
standards of training can vary, which is
gently place his hands on or over your
why we suggest you ask the questions in
body. Treatments can last for up to 11/2
Chapter 6.
hours.
You may feel a flow of energy, mild
tingling, warmth, coolness or nothing at Reiki Regulatory Working Group
all. The course of reiki treatment will vary Tel: 07939 533 084
in length according to your condition. Your Email: info@reikiregulation.org.uk
practitioner should discuss your Website: www.reikiregulation.org.uk
treatment plan with you and review it as
necessary. British Complementary Medicine
Association
Federation of Holistic Therapists
Precautions Independent Professional Therapists
It is advisable to rest after a reiki treatment International
and drink lots of water. You should tell Reiki Alliance
47
22 Shiatsu
Shiatsu is a Japanese therapy, based on the
principle that vital energy (known in
Japanese as Ki) flows throughout the body
in a series of channels called meridians.
According to this principle, symptoms can
Reiki Association be caused when this energy stops flowing
Reiki Healers & Teachers Society freely. Shiatsu practitioners use thumb and
Tera-Mai Reiki & Seichem Healers palm pressure, stretching and other
Association techniques to restore the balance of
UK Reiki Alliance energy.
UK Reiki Federation
Precautions
Shiatsu is not recommended for people
with osteoporosis or low blood platelet
counts. In the first three months of
pregnancy certain points should be avoided
48 Complementary Therapies
23 Yoga therapy
Yoga is an ancient tradition of mental and
physical exercises, which started in India
over 5,000 years ago and is now widely
practised in the UK. There are many
different styles of yoga. Some are
physically more demanding, some are the practitioner will be able to recommend
gentler, some focus more on physical a course of action, which might be one-to-
postures, while others focus more on one sessions with a yoga therapy
breathing and meditation. practitioner or special yoga therapy classes.
Yoga therapy involves the use of yoga to
deal with and prevent illness and to Precautions
maintain good health. It includes physical
Check with your practitioner before doing
exercises, breathing techniques and
any yoga postures on your own at home.
relaxation.133
You should only practice yoga at home after
you have learned the postures and
What is yoga therapy techniques properly, as you could injure
commonly used for? yourself if you try a yoga posture
incorrectly. Some yoga postures should not
Yoga aims to strengthen the body and calm
be used by pregnant women.141
the mind. People who practice it regularly
say that it helps them to feel well and stay
fit and healthy, and that the benefits Cost
increase over time.134 Yoga is considered to Costs are from about 50 per hour in
reduce stress and encourage relaxation.135 London. Sessions usually cost less outside
Research suggests that yoga may be London.
helpful for hypertension, asthma and
reducing joint stiffness in osteoarthritis.136
There is also some evidence to suggest
Finding a yoga therapy
that it may be useful in epilepsy (Sahaja practitioner
yoga),137 some kinds of irritable bowel At the moment, there is no single body that
syndrome,138 for reducing cholesterol regulates the yoga therapy profession.
levels139 and for mild depression.140 There are a number of professional
There are yoga therapy classes for a associations that practitioners can choose
wide range of conditions including arthritis, to belong to but a yoga therapy practitioner
asthma, back pain, cancer, diabetes, is not required by law to belong to a
depression, digestive problems, fatigue, professional association nor to have
hypertension, heart disease, HIV & AIDS, completed a specified course of training,
ME, menstrual problems, multiple although many do belong to the
sclerosis, respiratory problems and stress. organisations listed below.
There are also classes for women before These organisations are working
and after childbirth. together as the British Council for Yoga
Therapy to develop common standards of
What will happen when I see training and practice and one register of
practitioners who all meet a required
a yoga therapy practitioner? standard. When this happens, members of
When you begin yoga therapy for the first the public will have a single point of contact
time, you should have an initial for finding practitioners. However, this
assessment. This would include giving process takes time and at present
information about your medical history and standards of training can vary, which is why
lifestyle and a 30-60 minute consultation we suggest you ask the questions in
with a yoga therapy practitioner. After this Chapter 6.
50 Complementary Therapies
Birthlight
British Wheel of Yoga
Friends of Yoga Society International
Integrative Yoga Therapy
Life Force Healing and Yoga
Phoenix Rising Yoga Therapy
Real Yoga
Satyananda Yoga
Viniyoga Britain
Yoga Anubhava
Yoga Biomedical Trust
Yoga Clinical Interest Group for
Physiotherapists
Yoga For Health Foundation
Yoga Therapy and Training Centre
51
Herzberg, Eileen Inge. Know your Herbal medicine information over the
Complementary Therapies. Age Concern telephone: Herbal Health Advice Line, run
England, 2001. 9.99 + 1.25 p + p. Order by the National Institute of Medical
from the Age Concern England website at Herbalists. Tel: 01392 426022
www.ace.org.uk or by telephoning 0870 44
22 120 or by writing to Age Concern Books, The Herb Society aims to increase
Unit 6, Industrial Estate, Brecon, Powys, understanding and appreciation of herbs
LD3 8LA (cheques/postal orders made and their health benefits. There is
payable to Age Concern England). information on the societys website and
benefits for members include a quarterly
McIntyre, A. The Herbal for Mother and Child. newsletter. The Herb Society, Sulgrave
Thorsons, 2003. Manor, Sulgrave, Banbury OX17 2SD Tel:
For people with cancer 01295 768899
Macmillan Cancer Relief has some general Email: email@herbsociety.org.uk
information about complementary Website: www.herbsociety.org.uk
therapies on its website The Homeopathic Trust. How to Get
www.macmillan.org.uk and has links to Homeopathic Treatment on the NHS.
other sources of information. Macmillan Booklet available from the British
also publishes a directory of Homeopathic Association, Hahnemann
complementary therapy services for people House, 29 Park Street West, Luton LU1
with cancer and you can find out what is 3BE. Tel: 0870 444 3950
available in your area by telephoning the Email: info@trusthomeopathy.org
Macmillan CancerLine on Freephone 0808 Website: www.trusthomeopathy.org
808 2020 or by emailing
cancerline@macmillan.org.uk The Homeopathy Action Trust promotes
The Macmillan website has helpful homeopathy and provides information to
guidance on looking for information on the the public. Members receive a quarterly
internet. newsletter. The Homeopathy Action Trust,
PO Box 5497, Northampton NN6 0ZH
Individual therapies Tel: 08702 407014
Book: Understanding the Bowen Technique Website: www.homeopathyactiontrust.org
by John Wilks. First Stone Publishing, 2004.
Legal information
The British Chiropractic Association Advertising Standards Authority
provides information about chiropractic 2 Torrington Place
to the public. Address: Blagrave House, London WC1E 7HW
17 Blagrave Street, Reading, Berkshire RG1 Tel: 020 7580 5555
1QB. Tel: 0118 950 5950 Fax: 020 7631 3051
Email: enquiries@chiropractic-uk.co.uk Email: enquiries@asa.org.uk
Website: www.chiropractic-uk.co.uk Website: www.asa.org.uk
Book: Understanding Craniosacral Therapy, Book: Stone, Julie and Matthews, Joan.
by John Wilks. First Stone Publishing, 2004. Complementary Medicine and the Law.
Oxford University Press, 1996.
Book: The NHS Healer by Angie Buxton- Training as a complementary
King. Virgin Books, 2004. practitioner
Williams, L. Choosing a Course in
HerbMed, accessible through its website Complementary Healthcare. The Prince of
www.herbmed.org is a free, searchable Waless Foundation for Integrated Health,
electronic database, for use by the public, London, 2003. Available to download free
of links to research and other information from The Prince of Waless Foundation for
about the use of herbs for healthcare. It is Integrated Health website
run by the US based Alternative Medicine www.fihealth.org.uk or order through a
Foundation: www.amfoundation.org/ bookshop or from the Foundation.
53
74 Birks J, Grimley Evans J. Ginkgo Biloba for cognitive 121 An introduction to nutritional therapy. British
impairment and dementia. The Cochrane Database Association for Nutritional Therapy, 2003
of Systematic Reviews 2002, Issue 4 122 Nutritional Therapy Council PR & Education
75 Ernst E (ed). Op cit, 2001 Committee response to consultation, 21/04/ 04
76 Ernst E (ed). Ibid 123 Marilyn Glenville, response to consultation
77 Sheehan MP, Rustin MH, Atherton DJ, Buckley C, 124 Peters D, Chaitow L, Harris G, Morrison S.
Harris DW, Brostoff J, Ostlere L, Dawson A, Harris Integrating Complementary Therapies in Primary
DJ. Efficacy of traditional Chinese herbal therapy in Care. Churchill Livingstone, 2002, 59-60
adult atopic dermatitis. The Lancet 1992; July 125 Ernst E (ed). Op cit, 2001
4;340:13-7 and Sheehan MP, Stevens H, Ostlere LS, 126 National Collaborating Centre for Chronic
Atherton DJ, Brostoff J, Rustin MH. Follow-up of Conditions. Op cit, 2004 p.132
adult patients with atopic eczema treated with 127 Ernst E (ed). Op cit, 2001
Chinese herbal therapy for 1 year. Clin Exp Dermatol. 128 Ernst E (ed). Ibid
1995; 20(2):136-40 129 Rankin-Box D. The Nurses Handbook of
78 Ernst E (ed). Op cit, 2001 Complementary Therapies. Harcourt Publishers,
79 Medical Toxicology Unit, Guys and St Thomas 2001
Hospital Trust, response to consultation 22/04/04 130 Tavares M. Op cit, 2003
80 McIntyre, A. The herbal for mother and child. 131 Rankin-Box D. Op cit, 2001
Thorsons, 2003 132 Rankin-Box D. Ibid
81 European Herbal Practitioners Association, 133 Information taken from the websites of the Yoga
November 2003, by email Therapy Forum (www.yogatherapyforum.org.uk)
82 Ernst, E (ed). Op cit, 2001 and the Yoga Biomedical Trust
83 Barnett H. The Which? Guide to Complementary (www.yogatherapy.org) on 5/02/04
Therapies. Consumers Association, 2002 134 Thomas P. What Works What Doesnt, The Guide to
84 Kohn, Dr M. Complementary therapies in cancer Alternative Healthcare. Newleaf, 2002, 276-278
care. Macmillan Cancer Relief, 2000 135 Yoga for epilepsy. Bandolier.
85 Ernst E (ed). Op cit, 2001 www.jr2.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/booth/alternat/yogepil.
86 Burns A, Byrne J, Ballard C, Holmes C. Sensory html
stimulation in dementia. BMJ 2002; 325:1312-1313 136 Ernst E (ed). Op cit, 2001
87 Ernst E (ed). Op cit, 2001 137 Ramaratnam S & Sridharan K. Yoga for epilepsy
88 International Federation of Aromatherapists (Cochrane Review) in The Cochrane Library, Issue 1,
website www.ifaroma.org November 2003 2001
89 Rowlands B. Ibid 92-93 138 Taneja I, Deepak KK, Poorjary G, Acharya IN, Pandey
90 Barnett H. Op cit, 2002 RM, Sharma MP. Yogic versus conventional
91 Ernst E (ed). Op cit, 2001 treatment in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel
92 Aromatherapy Consortium, email communication, syndrome: a randomized control study. Applied
27/10/04 Psychophysiology and Biofeedback 29(1):19-33,
93 Rowlands B. Op cit, 94 March 2004
94 All information supplied by Cranial Forum 139 Coon J. Complementary therapies for treating
www.cranio.org.uk 9/12/03 hypercholesterolaemia. Focus on Alternative and
95 Ernst E (ed). Op cit, 2001 Complementary Therapies 7(3):233-236, September
96 www.intelihealth.com 16/10/04 2002
97 Upledger J E. Craniosacral Therapy in Novey D W 140 Woolery A, Myers H, Sternlieb B, Zeltzer L. A yoga
(ed). The Complete Reference to Complementary and intervention for young adults with elevated
Alternative Medicine. Mosby, 2000 symptoms of depression. Alternative Therapies in
98 National Federation of Spiritual Healers website Health and Medicine 10(2):60-63, March-April 2004
www.nfsh.org.uk, November 2003 141 Ernst E (ed). Op cit, 2001
99 Tavares M. National Guidelines for the Use of
Complementary Therapies in Supportive and Palliative
Care. The Prince of Wales's Foundation for
Integrated Health, 2003
100 Past, Present and Future Medicine. Society of
Homeopaths, 1998
101 Faculty of Homeopathy. Homeopathy: a guide for
GPs. 2003
102 Zollman C & Vickers A. ABC of Complementary
Medicine: homoeopathy. BMJ 1999; 319: 1115-
1118
103 Ibid
104 Bonnet J. Complementary Medicine: information pack
for primary care groups. Department of Health, June
2000
105 Bonnet J. Ibid
106 Williams L. Choosing a Course in Complementary
Healthcare. The Prince of Wales's Foundation for
Integrated Health, 2003, 27
107 Ernst E (ed). Op cit, 2001
108 Tavares M. Op cit, 2003
109 British Society of Medical and Dental Hypnosis
website www.bsmdh.org, November 2003
110 Ernst E (ed). Op cit, 2001
111 Lewith G. Understanding Complementary Medicine.
Family Doctor Publications, 2002
112 Fields T. Touch Therapy. Churchill Livingstone, 2000
113 Ernst E (ed). Op cit, 2001
114 Ernst E. Massage therapy for low back pain: a
systematic review. Journal of Pain Symptom
Management 1999; 17:65-69
115 National Collaborating Centre for Chronic
Conditions. Multiple sclerosis: national clinical
guideline for diagnosis and management in primary
and secondary care. Royal College of Physicians,
2004 p.132
116 Zollman C & Vickers A. ABC of Complementary
Medicine. BMJ Books, 2000, 32-33
117 Tavares M. Op cit, 2003, p.39
118 Complementary therapies. Breast Cancer Care
factsheet, 2002.
www.breastcancercare.org.uk/Publications/Factshe
ets/3692, 6/11/04
119 Naturopathic Healthcare, www.naturopathy.org.uk
October 2003
120 www.bbc.co.uk/health/complementary/therapies_
nutrition.shtml by Jacqueline Young, 28/07/04
55
www.fihealth.org.uk
ISBN 0 9539453 8 3
5.99