INTRAVENOUS FLUID THERAPY

By:
Ni Luh Gede Sita Prahita Dani
13.321.1958
A7-E

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KEPERAWATAN

STIKES WIRA MEDIKA PPNI BALI
TAHUN 2014/2015
A. The Aims of IV Therapy
1. Intravenous therapy
is the infusion of fluids and medication(as well as blood product) to a patient directly
into the blood stream.
2. Intravenous therapy
is the administration of liquid substances directly into a vein.

B. Types of Fluids
There are three main types of fluids
1. Isotonic fluids
The fluids flows from an area of lower consentration of molecules to high
consentration (osmosis) to achieve equilibrium(fluid balance).
They stay inside the intravascular compartment.
Can be helpful in hypotensive or hypovolemic patients.
Close to the same osmolarity as serum.
Contains an approximmately equal number of molecules as serum so the fluid
stays within the intravascular space.
2. Hypotonic fluids
Have less osmolarity than serum.
Contain a lower number of molecules than serum.
So the fluid shifts from the intravascular space to the interstisial space.
Can be helpful when cell dehidrated such as a dialysis patient on deuritic therapy.
Used for hyperglicemic conditions (KAD).
3. Hypertonic fluids
Pulls fluid and electrolyte from intracelluler and interstitial compartment into
intravascular compartment.
Have a higher osmolarity than serum.
Can help stabilize BP.
Increase urine output.
Reduce edema.
C. Cations and Anions

Electrolyte is a medical terms for salt, specifically ions.

The term electrolyte means that this ion is electrically charged and moves to either a
negative (cathode) or positive (anode) electrode.

Ion that moved to cathode (cations) are positively charge.

Ion that moved to anode (anions) are negatively charged.

Your body fluids, blood, plasma, interstitial fluid are like seawater and have a high
consentration of sodium chloride (NaCl)

The electrolyte in sodium chloride are :

Sodium ion (Na+) - Cation

Chloride ion (Cl-) - Anion

D. Regulating IV Flow Rate

1. Observe for patency of IV line
2. Check MR for correct solution and time of infusion
3. Verify with client how venipuncture site feels
4. Calculate flow rate
5. Check calibration drop factor
6. Read prescribers order and follow 5 rights
7. Determine hourly rate
8. Time flow rate by counting drops
 Administration Sets come in two basic sizes
1. Microdrip Sets
o Allow 60 drops/ml through a small needle into the drip chamber
o Good for medication administration or pediatric fluid delivery
2. Macrodrip Sets
o Allow 10 to 15 drops/ml into drip chamber
o Great for rapid fluid delivery
o Used for routine fluid delivery and KVO
Formula

Volume in ml X drip set drops

Time in minutes = minutes