GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator

GMDSS
Maritime Radio Operator
Thomas Gantioler
October 2010
GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator
www.gantioler.at
Author
Thomas Gantioler
Mooshoefe 8b
6074 Rinn
Austria
mobile: +43-676-9463908
thomas@gantioler.at
www.gantioler.at
Maritime radio
instructor and examiner.
fig. 1: Gantioler
I can not accept any responsibility for any errors or omissions or for
any consequences resulting therefrom for following contents.
All rights reserved.
photo: Michael Schallhart
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Contents
I Short Range Certificate

SRC 11
1 Global Maritime Distress and Safety System GMDSS 12

1.1 Regulations and Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.1.1 Safety Of Life At Sea SOLAS . . . . . . . . . 12
1.1.2 Radio Regulations RR . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.2 Shorebased system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.2.1 Sea areas A1-A4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.2.2 Master Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.2.3 Search And Rescue SAR . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.3 Shipborne system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.3.1 Radio equipment for small crafts . . . . . . . 15
1.3.2 Ship radio licence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.3.3 Radio operator certificate . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.3.4 Radio secrecy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.3.5 Accounting Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.3.6 Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2 VHF Maritime Mobile Radio 19

2.1 VHF Radio Telephone RT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.1.1 Receiver RX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.1.2 Transmitter TX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.1.3 VHF handheld device . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.2 VHF Digital Selective Calling DSC . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.2.1 Maritime Mobile Service Identification MMSI 20
2.2.2 Type of calls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.2.3 VHF DSC controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.3 Very High Frequency VHF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.3.1 VHF wave propagation . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.3.2 VHF antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.3.3 Simplex ship to ship and ship to shore . . . . 21
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2.3.4 Duplex ship to shore . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

2.3.5 VHF Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.3.6 VHF international channels 01-28 . . . . . . 22
2.3.7 VHF international channels 60-88 . . . . . . 23
2.3.8 VHF international channel usage . . . . . . . 24
2.3.9 VHF national private channel usage . . . . . 24
2.4 RT communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.4.1 Phonetic Alphabet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.4.2 Standard Marine Communication Phrases SMCP 26
2.4.3 Maritime radio stations . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.5 VHF priority distress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.5.1 VHF DSC distress alert on ch70 . . . . . . . 28
2.5.2 VHF RT distress call and message on ch16 . 29
2.5.3 VHF DSC distress cancellation on ch70 . . . 30
2.5.4 VHF RT distress cancellation on ch16 . . . . 30
2.6 VHF priority distress relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.6.1 VHF DSC distress relay alert on ch70 . . . . 32
2.6.2 VHF RT distress relay call and message on ch16 32
2.6.3 VHF RT distress relay acknowledge on ch16 . 33
2.6.4 Radio silence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.6.5 Normal working . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.7 VHF priority urgency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.7.1 VHF DSC urgency alert on ch70 . . . . . . . 36
2.7.2 VHF RT urgency call and message on ch16 . 36
2.8 VHF priority safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.8.1 VHF DSC safety alert on ch70 . . . . . . . . 37
2.8.2 VHF RT urgency call and message on ch16 . 37
2.9 VHF priority routine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.9.1 VHF DSC routine call on ch70 . . . . . . . . 38
2.9.2 VHF RT routine call on ch16 . . . . . . . . . 38
2.9.3 VHF RT routine call on working channel . . . 38
2.9.4 VHF RT routine message on working channel 39
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3 Emergency Position Indicating

Radio Beacon EPIRB 40
3.1 Cosmicheskaya Sistyema Poiska Avariynich Sudov
Search And Rescue Satellite
COSPAS/SARSAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.2 EPIRB priority distress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3.2.1 VHF DSC EPIRB distress alert on ch70 . . . 41
3.2.2 COSPAS/SARSAT EPIRB distress alert on 406MHz 41
3.2.3 COSPAS/SARSAT EPIRB distress cancellation 41
3.2.4 EPIRB distress homing signal on 121.5MHz . 41
4 Search And Rescue Transponder SART 42

4.1 Radio Aided Detecting And Ranging RADAR SART . 42
4.2 Automatic Identification System AIS SART . . . . . 42
5 Naval Text NAVTEX 43

5.1 Navigation Area NAVAREA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
5.2 Maritime Safety Information MSI . . . . . . . . . . . 44
5.3 NAVTEX MSI service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
5.3.1 NAVTEX coast stations . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
5.3.2 NAVTEX message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
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II Restricted Operator Certificate

ROC 47
6 GMDSS 48
6.1.1 Radio equipment for SOLAS vessels . . . . . 48
6.1.2 Radio equipment tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
6.1.3 Radio watch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
6.1.4 Radio log book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
6.1.5 Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
6.1.6 Radio Operator Certificate . . . . . . . . . . 51
6.1.7 Standards for Training, Certification
and Watchkeeping of Seafarers STCW . . . . 52
7 Power supply 53
7.1 Direct Current 12VDC /24VDC . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
7.2 European Alternating Current 230VAC . . . . . . . . 53
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III Long Range Certificate

LRC 54
8 GMDSS 55
8.1.1 Radio operator certificate . . . . . . . . . . . 55
9 MF/HF Maritime Mobile Radio 56

9.1 MF/HF Radio Telephone RT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
9.1.1 Receiver RX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
9.1.2 Transmitter TX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
9.2 Medium Frequency MF / High Frequency HF . . . . 57
9.2.1 Radio bands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
9.2.2 MF/HF Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
9.2.3 MF/HF Tuner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
9.2.4 MF/HF classes of emission . . . . . . . . . . 58
9.2.5 MF/HF propagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
9.3 MF/HF Digital Selective Calling DSC . . . . . . . . 60
9.3.1 Type of calls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
9.3.2 MF/HF DSC controller . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
9.4 MF/HF priority distress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
9.4.1 MF/HF DSC distress alert . . . . . . . . . . 61
9.4.2 MF/HF RT distress call and message . . . . 61
9.4.3 MF/HF DSC distress cancellation . . . . . . 62
9.4.4 MF/HF RT distress cancellation . . . . . . . 62
9.5 MF/HF priority distress relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
9.5.1 MF/HF DSC distress relay alert . . . . . . . 63
9.5.2 MF/HF RT distress relay call and message . . 63
9.6 MF priority urgency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
9.6.1 MF DSC urgency alert on 2187.5kHz . . . . . 64
9.6.2 MF RT urgency call and message on 2182kHz 64
9.7 MF priority safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
9.7.1 MF DSC safety alert on 2187.5kHz . . . . . . 65
9.7.2 MF RT safety call and message on 2182kHz . 65
9.8 MF/HF priority routine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
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9.8.1 MF/HF DSC routine calling . . . . . . . . . 66
10 SAT-C Mobile Earth Station MES 67

10.1 International Maritime Satellite INMARSAT . . . . . 67
10.1.1 INMARSAT system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
10.1.2 INMARSAT Land Earth Station LES . . . . . 68
10.1.3 INMARSAT Mobile Earth Station MES . . . 69
10.2 SAT-C Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
10.3 SAT-C priority distress P3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
10.3.1 SAT-C telex distress alert . . . . . . . . . . . 71
10.3.2 SAT-C telex distress message . . . . . . . . . 71
10.3.3 SAT-C telex distress cancellation message . . 72
10.3.4 SAT-C telex distress relay message to RCC . 72
10.4 SAT-C priority routine P0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
10.4.1 SAT-C telex urgency message . . . . . . . . . 73
10.4.2 SAT-C telex safety message . . . . . . . . . . 73
10.4.3 SAT-C telex routine message . . . . . . . . . 74
10.5 SAT-C shore-to-ship routine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
10.6 SAT-C shore-to-ship Enhanced Group Call EGC . . . 76
10.6.1 SafetyNET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
10.6.2 FleetNET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
10.6.3 EGC receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
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IV General Operator Certificate

GOC 78
11 GMDSS 79
11.1.1 Radio Operator Certificate . . . . . . . . . . 79
12 MF/HF Maritime Mobile Radio 80

12.1 MF/HF telex Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
12.1.1 telex identification selcal . . . . . . . . . . . 80
12.1.2 telex abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
12.2 MF/HF telex communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
12.2.1 MF/HF DSC alert / call . . . . . . . . . . . 81
12.2.2 MF/HF telex message . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
13 SAT-B/M Mobile Earth Station MES 82

13.1 SAT-B/M priority distress P3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
13.1.1 SAT-B telex distress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
13.1.2 SAT-B/M phone distress . . . . . . . . . . . 82
13.2 SAT-B/M priority routine P0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
13.2.1 SAT-B/M urgency message . . . . . . . . . . 83
13.2.2 SAT-B/M safety message . . . . . . . . . . . 83
13.2.3 SAT-B/M routine message . . . . . . . . . . 84
13.3 SAT-B/M shore-to-ship routine . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
14 Fleet 77/55/33 Mobile Earth Station 85

14.1 Fleet 77/55/33 Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
14.2 Fleet 77/55/33 priority distress P3 . . . . . . . . . . 85
14.3 Fleet 77 priority urgency P2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
14.4 Fleet 77 priority safety P1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
14.5 Fleet 77/55/33 priority routine P0 . . . . . . . . . . 87
14.6 Fleet 77/55/33 shore-to-ship routine . . . . . . . . . 87
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V Appendix 88
15 Operation Performance Test OPT 89

15.1 VHF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
15.1.1 VHF RT ICOM M503 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
15.1.2 VHF DSC ICOM DS100 class D . . . . . . . 91
15.1.3 VHF RT ICOM M505 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
15.1.4 VHF DSC ICOM M505 class D . . . . . . . . 93
15.1.5 VHF RT Simrad RD68 . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
15.1.6 VHF DSC Simrad RD68 class D . . . . . . . 95
15.1.7 VHF RT Midland Neptune . . . . . . . . . . 96
15.1.8 VHF DSC Midland Neptune class D . . . . . 97
15.1.9 VHF RT STN ATLAS DEBEG 6348 . . . . . 98
15.1.10 VHF DSC STN ATLAS DEBEG 3817 class A 99
15.2 MF/HF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
15.2.1 MF/HF RT ICOM M710 GMDSS . . . . . . 101
15.2.2 MF/HF DSC ICOM GM110 class A . . . . . 102
15.2.3 MF/HF RT ICOM M801E . . . . . . . . . . 103
15.2.4 MF/HF DSC ICOM M801E class E . . . . . 104
15.3 INMARSAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
15.3.1 SAT-C Trimble TNL7002 Nebula Terminal Soft-
ware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
15.4 Navtex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
15.4.1 NAVTEX RX NASA Clipper . . . . . . . . . 107
15.4.2 NAXTEX RX WIB2D . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
15.5 SART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
15.5.1 SART JOTRON Tron 9GHz . . . . . . . . . 108
15.6 EPIRB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
15.6.1 EPIRB JOTRON Tron 40S . . . . . . . . . . 108
16 Mock questions 109

16.1 Safety Of Life At Sea SOLAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
16.2 Radio Regulations RR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
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17 Translations 113
17.1 RT messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
17.1.1 Ships distress message . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
17.1.2 Passing a distress message . . . . . . . . . . 115
17.1.3 Distress relay message from coast station . . 116
17.1.4 Ships urgent message . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
17.1.5 Urgent message from coast station . . . . . . 120
17.1.6 Ships safety message . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
17.1.7 Safety message from coast station . . . . . . 121
17.2 Weather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
17.3 Vessel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
17.4 Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
18 Identifications 132
18.1 MID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
18.2 Callsign series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
19 Maritime Radio Equipment 141

19.1 Manufacturer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
19.1.1 EPIRB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
19.1.2 MES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
19.1.3 NAVTEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
19.1.4 RT DSC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
19.1.5 SART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
19.2 Simulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
20 Abbreviations 144
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Part I
Short Range Certificate
SRC
European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administra-
tions CEPT examination syllabus for maritime radio operators in sea
area A1 (VHF) for using GMDSS voluntary. www.cept.dk
www.ero.dk
1. Maritime Mobile VHF Radio Telephone RT communications
(a) General principles and basic features
2. Detailed working knowledge of radio equipment
(a) VHF radio installation

(b) Purpose and use of Digital Selective Calling DSC
3. Operational procedures of the GMDSS
(a) Search and Rescue SAR procedures

(b) Distress, urgency and safety communication
(c) Protection of distress frequencies
(d) Maritime Safety Information MSI
(e) Alerting and Locating Signals
4. Operational procedures and regulations
(a) Ability to exchange communications relevant to SOLAS

(b) Regulations, obligatory procedures and practices
(c) Practical and theoretical knowledge of RT procedures
(d) English language written and spoken
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1 Global Maritime Distress and Safety System

GMDSS
1.1 Regulations and Rules
GMDSS is a combination of regulations and rules for shipping and
radio communication.
1.1.1 Safety Of Life At Sea SOLAS

The SOLAS convention is concerning the safety of merchant ships.
It was adopted in 1920, in response to the Titanic disaster 1914. In
1988 Chapter IV radio communication of the Safety Of Life At Sea
SOLAS convention incorporates GMDSS. SOLAS was adopted 1960
by the International Maritime Organisation IMO. www.imo.org
The IMO is a specialized agency of the United Nations UN and based

in London. www.un.org
1.1.2 Radio Regulations RR

The Radio Regulations RR mainly setting out frequency bands and
technical parameters. Radio Regulations incorporating decisions of
the World Radio communication Conferences WRC by the Interna-
tional Telecommunication Organisation ITU. www.itu.int
ITU is a specialized agency of the United Nations UN and based in

Geneva. www.un.org
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1.2 Shorebased system

1.2.1 Sea areas A1-A4
fig. 2: UK GMDSS sea areas

A1 Very High Frequency VHF
An area within radiotelephone coverage of at least one VHF coast
station in which continuous DSC alerting is available, as may by de-
fined by a contracting government. 30nm from coast
A2 Medium Frequency MF
An area within radiotelephone coverage of at least one MF coast sta-
tion in which continuous DSC alerting is available, as may by defined
by a contracting government.
(excluding A1) 150nm from coast
A3 International Maritime Satellite INMARSAT

An area within the coverage of all INMARSAT geostationary satel-
lites, in which continuous distress alerting is available.
(excluding A1 and A2) 70 S-70 N
A4 polar regions
The remaining sea area.
(outside A1, A2 and A3)
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1.2.2 Master Plan

The Master Plan contains status of shore-based facilities for the
GMDSS.
Rescue Co-ordination Centres RCC

Coast Stations CS
Satellite services
GMDSS Master Plan www.imo.org

ALRS Volume 5 GMDSS www.ukho.gov.uk
1.2.3 Search And Rescue SAR

The Search And Rescue convention SAR from IMO aimed an inter-
national SAR plan, so that, no matter where an accident occurs, the
rescue of persons in distress at sea will be co-ordinated by a SAR
organization. www.imo.org
Examples of national SAR organisations:
Germany:
Deutsche Gesellschaft zur Rettung Schiffbruchiger DGzRS
www.dgzrs.de
Bremen Rescue www.mrcc-bremen.de
Switzerland:
Swiss Maritime Navigation Office, RCC Zurich
Swiss Air Rescue www.rega.ch
United Kingdom:
Her Majesty Coastguard HMCG www.mcga.gov.uk
Every SAR organisation is responsible for a defined Search and Rescue

Region SRR.
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1.3 Shipborne system

1.3.1 Radio equipment for small crafts
Ships not sailing under provisions of SOLAS are voluntary GMDSS
fitted and called non-SOLAS vessels. GMDSS equipment may rec-
ommended by national organisation or required by national law.
Austria: by law (JachtZulVO) www.ris.bka.gv.at
all areas radio receiver

inshore >3nm VHF RT
ocean >200nm EPIRB
Germany: recommended (Sicherheitsrichtlinien) www.dsv.de
all areas radio or NAVTEX receiver

inshore VHF RT
ocean EPIRB
Switzerland: recommended www.eda.admin.ch
all areas SSB radio receiver

ocean EPIRB
United Kingdom: recommended www.mcga.gov.uk
all areas VHF handheld

inshore >3nm VHF RT DSC
offshore >20nm NAVTEX receiver
offshore >60nm EPIRB
offshore >60nm SART
offshore >60nm MF RT DSC LRC required
ocean >150nm INMARSAT LRC required
All equipment must comply with regulations of the European Union

EU and carry a Conform European CE Symbol. eur-lex.europa.eu
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1.3.2 Ship radio licence

Ship radio stations have to be licenced and are costumable.
Licence is issued by authority of state and must be carried on board.
It is containing ships and owner identification, list of radio equipment

and if required the following identifications:
identification necessary
callsign Radio Telephone RT
MMSI Digital Selective Calling DSC
INM Mobile Earth Station MES LRC, GOC
selcal telex GOC
AAIC public correspondence
National ships radio licencing administrations:
Austria: www.ris.bka.gv.at
Licencing fee 49,05 EUR, using fee 10,90 EUR/month
validation: 10 years
Fernmeldebehorde FMB www.bmvit.gv.at
Germany:
Licencing fee 130,- EUR, using fee 21,10 EUR/year
validation: life of vessel
Bundesnetzagentur BNetzA www.bundesnetzagentur.de
Switzerland:
Licencing fee 50,- SFR, using fee 10,- SFR/month
validation: 1 year
Bundesamt fur Kommunikation BAKOM www.bakom.ch
United Kingdom:
Licencing fee 20,- GBP, using fee 20,- GBP/year
validation: life of vessel
Office for Communication OFCOM www.ofcom.org.uk
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1.3.3 Radio operator certificate

Every ship radio station must be controlled by an operator holding a
certificate issued or recognised by the government to which the sta-
tion is subject.
On small crafts used for pleasure or fishing normally the minimum

requirement would be a Short Range Certificate SRC.
This certificate authorises the holder to use a Radio
Telephone RT on the Very High Frequency VHF chan-
nels of the Maritime Mobile Band including Digital Se-
lective Calling DSC on board voluntary GMDSS fitted
non-SOLAS vessels.
fig. 3: SRC
At least one holder of a certificate of competence for maritime radio
stations is required, normally by the shipmaster himself and occasion-
ally his mate.
The operator must hold an authority to operate by the shipmaster.
National radio operator certificate licencing administrations:

Austrian SRC = UKW Betriebszeugnis II UBZ II
German SRC = Beschrankt gultiges Funkbetriebszeugnis
Deutscher Segler-Verband DSV www.dsv.org
Deutscher Motoryachtverband DMYV www.dmyv.de
Swiss SRC
= Beschrankt gultiges Betriebszeugnis fur die Sportschiffahrt
Schweizer Bundesamt fur Kommunikation www.bakom.ch
United Kingdom SRC = Short Range Certificate
Royal Yachting Association RYA www.rya.co.uk
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1.3.4 Radio secrecy

No person shall divulge or publish the contents of any messages trans-
mitted or received by such station, or to another station employed to
forward such message to its destination, unless legally required so to
do by the court of competent jurisdiction or other competent author-
ity. Radio operators have to declare this.
1.3.5 Accounting Authority

Accounting authorities are used to facilitate the effective collection
and distribution of radio communication charges between ship and
coast stations and the Public Switched Telephone Network PSTN
and Packet Switched Data Network PSDN.
Ship stations need a contract with AAIC for public correspondences,

i.e. telephone call to subscriber ashore.
AAIC: 2 letters (country) + 2 numbers (company):
Examples:
AU01 Telekom Austria AG www.telekom.at
DP07 Seefunk www.dp07.de
GB11 NSSL Limited www.satcom-solutions.com
Maritime Mobile Access and Retrieval System MARS www.itu.int
1.3.6 Documents
The following documents must be carried on board of non-SOLAS
vessels:
Ships radio licence

Radio operator certificates
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2 VHF Maritime Mobile Radio

2.1 VHF Radio Telephone RT
For calling each station needs a name, nor-

mally it would be the ships name. As the
ships name is not unique a radio callsign
is allocated with ship radio licence.
fig. 4: Simrad RD68
Transceiver is a combination of transmitter and receiver.
2.1.1 Receiver RX
Power ON/OFF: (may in combination with volume control)
Volume control VOL: set volume of loudspeaker
Squelch SQL: set receive signal limiter (noise limiter)
Dimmer: set display brightness
Channel: select working channel (paired TX/RX frequencies)
Distress channel 16: select distress channel (and 25W TX)
Working channel: 01-28, 60-88, (may national channels)
Dual Watch DW: alternating with ch16 (may no TX)
2.1.2 Transmitter TX
Transmission range in line of sight, depending on antenna height
Low power 1W: range about 4nm
High power 25W: range up to 100nm
Push To Talk PTT: activate transmitter
2.1.3 VHF handheld device

Used on board, tender, survival craft, towing, mooring, ...
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2.2 VHF Digital Selective Calling DSC

2.2.1 Maritime Mobile Service Identification MMSI
For selective calling each station needs a unique 9-digit MMSI,
including the 3-digit country code MID.
ship station MMSI = MIDxxxxxx

group of stations MMSI = 0MIDxxxxx
coast station MMSI = 00MIDxxxx
2.2.2 Type of calls

Primary type of calls to one, some or all stations in radio range:
distress
alert (acknowledge) all stations

relay all (acknowledge) all stations
relay individual (acknowledge) coast MMSI
urgency & safety
all ships all stations

individual (acknowledge) ship or coast MMSI
routine
group group MMSI

2.2.3 VHF DSC controller

class A all facilities for compulsory fitted SOLAS vessels
class B full requirements for compulsory fitted SOLAS vessels
class D minimum facilities for voluntary fitted non-SOLAS vessels
Watch receiver continuous digital watch on VHF DSC ch70
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2.3 Very High Frequency VHF

2.3.1 VHF wave propagation
Electromagnetic waves in the maritime VHF Band 156-174MHz are
propagating in the line of sight. These are called space waves. Due
to the earths curvature the range will dependpon the height
p of the
transmitting an receiving antenna. d[nm] 2( h1 [m] + h2 [m])
radio contact antenna height approximate
h1 /h2 distance
2 handheld 1m/1m 4nm
2 motor yachts 4m/4m 8nm
2 sailing yachts 16m/16m 16nm
motor yacht - coast station 4m/100m 24nm
sailing yacht - coast station 16m/100m 28nm
2.3.2 VHF antenna

Vessels are using VHF omni-directional rod antennas.
Frequency band (150MHz) is selected by antenna length (1m).
2.3.3 Simplex ship to ship and ship to shore

A single frequency is used for TX and RX. While pushing the transmit
button PTT the radio changes from receive RX to transmit TX.
2.3.4 Duplex ship to shore

Two separate frequencies for TX and RX are used for simultane-
ously receiving and transmission. Transceivers for yachts using sim-
plex mode on a duplex channel, called semiduplex.
2.3.5 VHF Modulation

Modulation is superimposing low Audio Frequency AF (voice) onto
a High Frequency HF carrier. Phase Modulation PM is used in VHF
maritime radio (G3E used for RT and G2B for DSC).
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2.3.6 VHF international channels 01-28

ch Ship TX Ship RX Sim usage
[MHz] [MHz] Dup primary secondary
01 156,050 160,650 D
02 156,100 160,700 D
03 156,150 160,750 D
04 156,200 160,800 D
05 156,250 160,850 D
06 156,300 156,300 S intership SAR
07 156,350 160,950 D
08 156,400 156,400 S intership
09 156,450 156,450 S intership
10 156,500 156,500 S intership
11 156,550 156,550 S
12 156,600 156,600 S
13 156,650 156,650 S intership for safety of navigation
14 156,700 156,700 S
15 156,750 156,750 S on board intership
16 156,800 156,800 S distress, urgency, safety, calling
17 156,850 156,850 S on board intership
18 156,900 161,500 D
19 156,950 161,550 D
20 157,000 161,600 D
21 157,050 161,650 D
22 157,100 161,700 D
23 157,150 161,750 D
24 157,200 161,800 D
25 157,250 161,850 D
26 157,300 161,900 D
27 157,350 161,950 D
28 157,400 162,000 D
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2.3.7 VHF international channels 60-88

ch Ship TX Ship RX Sim usage
[MHz] [MHz] Dup primary secondary
60 156,025 160,625 D
61 156,075 160,675 D
62 156,125 160,725 D
63 156,175 160,775 D
64 156,225 160,825 D
65 156,275 160,875 D
66 156,325 160,925 D
67 156,375 156,375 S intership
68 156,425 156,425 S
69 156,475 156,475 S intership
70 156,525 156,525 S DSC
71 156,575 156,575 S
72 156,625 156,625 S intership
73 156,675 156,675 S intership
74 156,725 156,725 S
75 156,775 156,775 S safety of navigation, 1W
76 156,825 156,825 S safety of navigation, 1W
77 156,875 156,875 S intership
78 156,925 161,525 D
79 156,975 161,575 D
80 157,025 161,625 D
81 157,075 161,675 D
82 157,125 161,725 D
83 157,175 161,775 D
84 157,225 161,825 D
85 157,275 161,875 D
86 157,325 161,925 D
87 157,375 157,375 S
88 157,425 157,425 S
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2.3.8 VHF international channel usage

DSC alerting / calling (distress, urgency, safety and routine) ch 70
RT distress, urgency, safety, calling ch 16

RT Search And Rescue ch 06
RT on board (bridge to handheld, tender, tow, ...) ch 15, 17
RT primary intership working ch 06, 08, 72, 77
RT secondary intership working ch 09, 10, 15, 17, 67, 69, 73
RT intership for safety of navigation ch 13

Communications between ships whose purpose contributes
to the safe of movement of ships. Bridge-to-bridge com-
munication on ch13 is used without preceding a DSC call.
AIS Automatic Identification System ch AIS1, AIS2
Ships information as position, course, speed, MMSI, ...
is transmitted periodically for safety of navigation. AIS
signals are visible on AIS screens, Electronic Chart Display
Information Systems ECDIS (SOLAS vessels) or Elec-
tronic Charting Systems ECS (i.e. chart plotter) in range.
2.3.9 VHF national private channel usage

nation ch usage
Belgium 96 Marina
Croatia 17 Marina
Germany 69, 72 pleasure crafts
Netherlands 31 Marina
Scandinavia F1, F2, F3 fishing vessels
L1, L2, L3 pleasure crafts
United Kingdom M, M2 club safety, race control
67 Her Majesty Coast Guard
for small craft safety
80 Marina
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2.4 RT communication
2.4.1 Phonetic Alphabet
A Alpha AL FAH
B Bravo BRAH VOH
C Charlie CHAR LEE
D Delta DELL TAH
E Echo ECK OH
F Foxtrot FOKS TROT
G Golf GOLF
H Hotel HOH TELL
I India IN DEE AH
J Juliett JEW LEE ETT
K Kilo KEY LOH
L Lima LEE MAH
M Mike MIKE
N November NO VEM BER
O Oscar OSS CAH
P Papa PAH PAH
Q Quebec KEH BECK
R Romeo ROW ME OH
S Sierra SEE AIR RAH
T Tango TANG GO
U Uniform YOU NEE FORM
V Victor VIK TAH
W Whiskey WISS KEY
X X-ray ECKS RAY
Y Yankee YANG KEY
Z Zulu ZOO LOO
Decimal point Decimal DAY-SEE-MAL

Full stop Stop STOP
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2.4.2 Standard Marine Communication Phrases SMCP

CORRECT an error has been made
IN FIGURES numbers are written in figures
IN LETTERS numbers are written in letters
MAYDAY RT distress signal (French: maidez)
OUT termination of working, no reply expected
OVER expect reply
RADIO CHECK request strength an clarity of transmission
READ BACK receiving station read back information
RECEIVED acknowledge receipt of transmission
PAN PAN RT urgency signal (French: panne)
SAY AGAIN repeat part or all of message
ALL AFTER, ALL BEFORE
WORD AFTER, WORD BEFORE
SECURITE RT safety signal (French: securite)
SILENCE MAYDAY French: silence maidez
SILENCE FINI French: silence fini
SPELL spelling the next word phonetically
STATION CALLING unsure of the identity of calling station
THIS IS identification of station calling follows
TRAFFIC radio traffic
IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases www.imo.org
BSH IMO-Standard Marine Communication Phrases www.bsh.de
Captain Gunter Schmidt www.maricom.de
2.4.3 Maritime radio stations

ALRS Volume 1 Coast Stations www.ukho.gov.uk
ALRS Volume 6 Pilot, Vessel Traffic Service, Port Operations
ITU List of Coast Stations www.itu.int

ITU List of Ship Stations
ITU List of Call Signs and Numerical Identities
ITU Maritime Mobile Access and Retrieval System MARS
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Coast Station CS example
Name: place of station + RADIO SPLIT RADIO

Call Sign: 3 characters 9AS
MMSI: 00 + MID + 4 digits 002380100
Pilot Services, Vessel Traffic Services VTS and Port Operations
place + function
Port PULA PORT
Bridge MALI LOSINJ BRIDGE
Pilot KOPER PILOT
Marina OBAN MARINA
Radar MILFORD RADAR
Lock KILRUSH LOCK
Traffic control TARIFA TRAFFIC / CONTROL / VTS
Ship Station SS
Type of vessel S/Y Sailing Yacht

Name of vessel MOUSE
Call Sign: 4 or more characters OEDF
MMSI: MID + 6 digits 203984534
Survival Craft
Name of parent vessel + 2 digits (20-99) MOUSE 20

Call Sign of parent vessel + 2 digits (20-99) OEDF 20
On board
Master (fixed): + CONTROL MOUSE CONTROL

Sub (handheld): + 1 character MOUSE A
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2.5 VHF priority distress

Grave and imminent danger to ship or crew, immediate assistance
required. Only be sent by authority of shipmaster or person in charge.
2.5.1 VHF DSC distress alert on ch70

undesignated DSC distress alert push DISTRESS button >5s
designated DSC distress alert
a) push appropriate button(s) to enter DSC distress menu

b) enter position or filled in by interconnected GPS
c) select nature of distress from list
undefined, undesignated
fire, explosion
flooding
collision
grounding
listing, danger of capsizing
sinking
disabled, adrift
abandoning vessel
piracy, armed robbery
MOB - man / person over board
d) push appropriate button to transmit
VHF DSC distress alert with MMSI, position, nature, working ch16
received by VHF DSC ship or coast stations in radio range 30nm
Await VHF DSC distress acknowledge from CS or RCC <3min

with coast MMSI, distressed MMSI, position, nature, working ch16
If not acknowledged, automatic repetition of alert 3.5-4.5min
Follow up with VHF RT distress call and message.
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2.5.2 VHF RT distress call and message on ch16

VHF RT distress call:
3x distress signal MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY

this is this is
3x name sailing yacht BELLA BELLA BELLA
callsign callsign OEX6437
MMSI MMSI 203783420
VHF RT distress message:
distress signal MAYDAY

name sailing yacht BELLA
callsign callsign OEX6437
MMSI MMSI 203783420
position position 43 59.2N 013 28.9W
nature of distress abandon ship to liferaft
kind of assistance immediate assistance required
additional information 4 adults with life jackets
expect reply OVER
Await RT distress acknowledge from CS or RCC:

3x station called BELLA BELLA BELLA OEX6437 203783420
this is this is
3x station calling 3x RIJEKA RADIO
acknowledge RECEIVED MAYDAY
If not acknowledged, repeat RT distress call and message. >5min
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2.5.3 VHF DSC distress cancellation on ch70

Distress has to be dully canceled
after transmission of a false DSC distress alert.
a) push appropriate cancel button to stop transmission

b) select distress cancellation call
new DSC sets only
c) push appropriate button to transmit
new DSC sets only
On reception of a DSC distress cancellation call old DSC sets display-
ing DSC distress acknowledge by station in distress itself.
Follow up with VHF RT distress cancellation call and message.
2.5.4 VHF RT distress cancellation on ch16

If distress situation is no longer valid.
3x station called 3x ALL STATIONS

this is this is
3x station calling BELLA BELLA BELLA OEX6437 203783420
cancellation please cancel my distress alert
date and time of 0837 UTC today
expect reply OVER
Await RT distress cancellation acknowledge from CS or RCC.
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2.6 VHF priority distress relay

There is a distress situation if you
observe
orange smoke, red parachute flares, raising an lowering arms,
flying a ball over/under square shape, SOS by any means, ...
receive
DSC distress alert, acknowledge or relay,
RT distress call, message, acknowledge or relay
NAVTEX distress relay message
signals of a SART on chart plotter or radar
signals of an EPIRB, ...
Take the following actions:
1. Set continuous watch on VHF ch16 >5 min
until normal working can be resumed.
2. Transmit RT distress acknowledge if applicable:
Give time to acknowledge by CS or RCC >5 min
3x station called BELLA BELLA BELLA OEX6437 203783420
this is this is
3x station calling FOXI FOXI FOXI DG4568 211746382
acknowledge RECEIVED MAYDAY
3. If no CS/RCC involved relay ashore by any means >5 min
Sea area A1 (CS or RCC in range)

VHF DSC individual distress relay alert followed up by
VHF RT distress relay call and message to CS or RCC.
Sea area A2, A3, A4 (CS or RCC not in range)

VHF DSC all ships distress relay alert followed up by
VHF RT distress relay call and message to ALL STATIONS.
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2.6.1 VHF DSC distress relay alert on ch70

a) push appropriate button(s) to enter DSC menu
b) either select individual call, priority distress relay
enter MMSI of CS/RCC or select from directory / memory
some DSC class D priority routine only
or select all ships call, priority distress relay
some DSC class D priority urgency only
c) select working ch16
some DSC class D no matter to change
d) enter distressed MMSI, POS, nature if appreciable
some DSC class D no matter to enter
e) push appropriate button to transmit
On individual call await DSC acknowledge from CS or RCC.
If not acknowledged repeat after 5min, at least after another 15min.
2.6.2 VHF RT distress relay call and message on ch16

VHF RT distress relay call:
3x distress signal 3x MAYDAY RELAY

3x station called 3x RIJEKA RADIO (or 3x ALL STATIONS)
this is this is
3x station calling FOXI FOXI FOXI DG4568 211746382
VHF RT distress relay message:
message received following distress message on VHF ch16

MAYDAY S/Y BELLA OEX6437 203783420
position 43 59.2N 013 28.9W
abandon ship to liferaft,
immediate assistance required
4 adults with life jackets
end of message
expect reply OVER
Await RT distress relay acknowledge from SS, CS or RCC
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2.6.3 VHF RT distress relay acknowledge on ch16

If you receive DSC/RT distress relay from CS/RCC:
3x distress signal 3x MAYDAY RELAY

this is this is
received following distress message
on VHF ch16
position 43 59.2N 013 28.9W
abandon ship to liferaft,
immediate assistance required
4 adults with life jackets
please report to RIJEKA RADIO
expect reply OVER
and/or you receive NAVTEX distress relay from CS/RCC:
ZCZC
QD00 141235 UTC AUG SPLIT RADIO / 9AS
MAYDAY RELAY
RECEIVED FOLLOWING DISTRESS MESSAGE
ON VHF CH16
POSITION 43-59.2N 013-28.9W
ABANDON SHIP TO LIFERAFT
IMMEDIATE ASSISTANCE REQUIRED
4 ADULTS WITH LIFE JACKETS
PLEASE REPORT TO RIJEKA RADIO
RT ON VHF CH16 OR MF 2182kHz
NNNN
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Take the following actions, if you are able to assist:
1. Set continuous watch on VHF ch16 >5min

2. Transmit RT distress acknowledge to CS or RCC if appreciate

3x station called 3x RIJEKA RADIO
this is this is
3x station calling LEO LEO LEO DG4568 211746382
acknowledge RECEIVED MAYDAY RELAY
distance to incident 15nm from incident
maximum speed speed 10kn
ETA, ETD or ETE ETE 1.5h
expect reply OVER
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2.6.4 Radio silence

Whilst a distress situation is in force,
radio silence is required on distress channel used.
No radio traffic allowed, except distress.
Controlling stations may impose silence

on stations which interfere with distress or SAR traffic.
to all:
station called ALL STATIONS

impose silence SILENCE MAYDAY
to one:
station called MOUSE

impose silence SILENCE MAYDAY
2.6.5 Normal working

When distress traffic has ceased,
the control station indicates that normal working can be resumed.

this is this is
time of handling in 1541 UTC
name callsign MMSI BELLA OEX6437 203783420
normal working SILENCE FINI
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2.7 VHF priority urgency

A very urgent message concerning the safety of a ship or a person.
Only be sent by authority of shipmaster or person in charge.
medical assistance, advice www.medico-cuxhaven.de

Radio Medical Advice RMA, Tele Medical Advice System TMAS
maritime assistance (tug, towing, ...)
Search And Rescue SAR information
other urgent related information (i.e. hurricane warning, ..)
2.7.1 VHF DSC urgency alert on ch70

b) select all ships or individual call, priority urgency
enter MMSI of CS/RCC on individual call
some DSC class D all ships call only
c) select working ch16
some DSC class D no matter to change
If not, repeat after 5min, third transmission after another 15min.
2.7.2 VHF RT urgency call and message on ch16

3x urgency signal PAN PAN PAN PAN PAN PAN
3x station called 3x RIJEKA RADIO (or 3x ALL STATIONS)
this is this is
grounded in heavy swell.
require urgent tug assistance.
expect reply OVER
Cancel message if urgency situation is no longer required.
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2.8 VHF priority safety

A very important information to shipping.
navigational warning NX (light unlit, firing exercises, ..)
meteorological warning WX (gale warning, heavy swell, ...)
2.8.1 VHF DSC safety alert on ch70

b) select all ships, group or individual call, priority safety
enter MMSI of CS/RCC on individual or group call
some DSC class D all ships call only
c) select appropriate working channel or ch16
2.8.2 VHF RT urgency call and message on ch16

3x safety signal 3x SECURITE
3x station called 3x ALL STATIONS (or 3x station called)
this is this is
nearly submerged container observed.
danger to navigation.
termination OUT
Cancel message if safety situation is no longer required.
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2.9 VHF priority routine

Calling another station on VHF by DSC routine call, RT routine call
on ch16 or RT routine call on appropriate working channel.
2.9.1 VHF DSC routine call on ch70

b) select group or individual call, priority routine
enter MMSI
c) select appropriate working channel
On individual call await DSC acknowledge.
2.9.2 VHF RT routine call on ch16

3x station called SEAGULL SEAGULL SEAGULL
this is this is
3x station calling SILVI SILVI SILVI
expect reply OVER
Maximum length allowed 1min, in total 3 calls within 3min delay.
RT reply on VHF ch16:
station called SILVI

this is this is
calling station SEAGULL
working channel switch to ch72
2.9.3 VHF RT routine call on working channel

station called SEAGULL
this is this is
calling station SILVI
expect reply OVER
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2.9.4 VHF RT routine message on working channel

station called SEAGULL
this is this is
calling station SILVI
message sailing to Pula Marina
ETA 1730 LT
expect reply OVER
Routine traffic between ship stations and ship stations or coast sta-
tions containing nautical information is free of charge.
Routine traffic between ship station and coast station containing pri-
vate information i.e. telephone call is charged by accounting authority.
Traffic is controlled by coast station or station called.
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3 Emergency Position Indicating

Radio Beacon EPIRB
3.1 Cosmicheskaya Sistyema Poiska Avariynich Sudov
Search And Rescue Satellite
COSPAS/SARSAT
COSPAS/SARSAT was founded in 1979 by Russia, USA, Canada and
France. It is used for worldwide locating persons or mobile units in
distress in GMDSS since 1988. www.cospas-sarsat.org
fig. 5: satellites
3 geostationary satellites GEOSAR in 36000km height.
4 polar orbiting satellites LEOSAR in 850km height.
Name of alerting transmitter depending on usage:
Maritime Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon EPIRB

Aeronautical Emergency Locater Transmitter ELT
Personal Personal Locater Beacon PLB
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3.2 EPIRB priority distress

Grave and imminent danger to ship or crew, immediate assistance re-
quired. Only activated by authority of shipmaster or person in charge.
3.2.1 VHF DSC EPIRB distress alert on ch70

EPIRB provided for seas area A1 transmitting VHF DSC distress alert
on ch70 including MMSI, position and nature of distress EPIRB.
3.2.2 COSPAS/SARSAT EPIRB distress alert on 406MHz
EPIRB provided for all sea areas A1-A4.
EPIRB distress alert includes

ships MMSI and position from integrated GPS.
EPIRB can be activated manually or by hydrostatic re-

fig. 6:
lease. Once activated it transmits a periodic distress alert
EPIRB
for more then 48h.
Routing of EPIRB distress alert:

COSPAS/SARSAT satellites in view
Local User Terminal LUT on land
co-ordinating Mission Control Centre MCC www.cnes.fr
responsible Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre MRCC
3.2.3 COSPAS/SARSAT EPIRB distress cancellation

Do not switch off after a false alert!
Contact RCC by any means and switch off by instruction.
3.2.4 EPIRB distress homing signal on 121.5MHz

Additional homing transmitter on 121.5MHz for Radio Direction Find-
ing RDF by SAR forces.
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4 Search And Rescue Transponder SART

Grave and imminent danger to ship or crew, immediate assistance re-
quired. Only activated by authority of shipmaster or person in charge.
A SART is used to indicate a distress situation and locate distress

position by SAR forces.
They are manually activated. The range is about 10nm.

Devices should be deployed at a minimum of 1m above sea.
Transponder is the short form of transmit and respond.
4.1 Radio Aided Detecting And Ranging RADAR SART
On reception of a 9GHz radar pulse a RADAR SART transmits

12 radar pulses. That means a distress signal on the radar
screen.
fig. 7:
RADAR
SART
4.2 Automatic Identification System AIS SART

Once activated it transmits periodic distress alert on VHF channels
AIS1 and AIS2. Alert includes MMSI and position (integrated GPS).
AIS SART signals are visible on AIS screens, Electronic Chart Display
Information Systems ECDIS (SOLAS vessels) or Electronic Charting
Systems ECS (i.e. chart plotter) in range. www.marinetraffic.com
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5 Naval Text NAVTEX

5.1 Navigation Area NAVAREA
NAVAREAs are geographical sea areas established for co-ordinating
the broadcast of MSI www.imo.org
fig. 8: NAVAREAs
Sub-Area means a sub-division of a NAVAREA in which a number of
countries have established a coordinated MSI system.
fig. 9: Sub-NAVAREAs in Mediterranean Sea
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5.2 Maritime Safety Information MSI

Important information concerning the safety of persons or vessels.
navigational warning NX
meteorological information WX
Search And Rescue information SAR
other urgent or safety related information

ALRS Volume 3 MSI Services
BSH Handbuch Nautischer Funkdienst
BSH Yachtfunkdienst Mittelmeer
BSH Yachtfunkdienst Nord- und Ostsee www.bsh.de
DX Information Centre www.dxinfocentre.com

Frisnit www.frisnit.com
Oceanography & Marine Meteorology weather.gmdss.org
5.3 NAVTEX MSI service

Transmission time every 4 hours for <10min.
Urgent messages are transmitted immediately.
Range up to 200nm by day and up to 400nm by night.
Reception of MSI broadcasts is free of charge.
NAVTEX frequencies:
MF 518kHz international English language

MF 490kHz national language (for non-SOLAS vessels)
HF 4209.5kHz tropical areas
HF telex transmission of MSI on GOC
4210, 6314, 8416.5, 12579, 16806.5, 19680.5, 22376, 26100.5kHz.
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5.3.1 NAVTEX coast stations

Each coast station is assigned a transmitter identification letter.
Examples:
NAVAREA I 518kHz NAVTEX coast stations for British Isles:
country place range letter

England Niton 270M E
England Cullercoats 270M G
Scotland Portpatrick 270M O
Northern Ireland Malin Head 400M Q
Ireland Valencia 400M W
NAVAREA I 490kHz NAVTEX coast stations for British Isles:

England Niton 270M T
England Cullercoats 270M U
Scotland Portpatrick 270M C
NAVAREA III 518kHz NAVTEX coast stations for Adriatic Sea:

Greece Curfu K
Croatia Split Q
Italy Rome R
Italy Trieste U
NAVAREA III 490kHz NAVTEX coast stations for Black Sea:

Romania Constanta L
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5.3.2 NAVTEX message

Each message is assigned a category letter:
A navigational warning
B meteorological warning
C ice report
D SAR Information, pirate attack warning
E meteorological forecast
F pilot service
G Automatic Identification System AIS
H LORAN message
J GPS message
K other electronic navaid message
L navigational warning in addition to A
Z no message on hand
Letter A, B and D cannot be rejected by SOLAS related receivers.
Each message is allocated a serial number between 01 and 99.

Very urgent messages assigned with 00 cause an receiver alert.
Example:
ZCZC start of message
QE55 th
55 weather report from Split Radio (NAVAREA III)
051840 UTC JAN DTG - January 05th at 1840 UTC
SPLIT RADIO / 9AS coast station Split Radio, callsign 9AS
WEATHER REPORT FOR ADRIATIC AT 1800 UTC.
WARNING: ISOLATED GUSTS OF NE, S-ADRIATIC, 30/40 KTS.
STATE OF SEA, OFFSHORE SOUTHERN ADRIATIC, ROUGH.
SYNOPSIS: RIDGE OF HIGH APPROACHING TO ADRIATIC.
OUTLOOK 24HRS: NE 10/20, S-ADRIATIC, NW 15/25 KTS.
SEA SMOOTH/SLIGHT, OFFSHORE SLIGHT/MOD.
VISIBILITY GOOD/EXCELLENT, MOSTLY FINE, TEMPS FALLING.
NNNN end of message
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Part II
Restricted Operator Certificate
ROC
CEPT examination syllabus for maritime radio operators in sea area
A1 for using GMDSS mandatory on board SOLAS vessels.
www.cept.dk
www.ero.dk
1. Maritime Mobile VHF Radio Telephone RT communications
(a) VHF radio installation

(a) Search and Rescue SAR procedures

(f) Communication with non-SOLAS vessels
(a) Ability to exchange communications relevant to SOLAS

(b) Regulations, obligatory procedures and practices
(c) Practical and theoretical knowledge of RT procedures
(d) English language written and spoken
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6 GMDSS
6.1.1 Radio equipment for SOLAS vessels
SOLAS vessels on international voyages are compulsory fitted.
area mandatory equipment certificate

A1 VHF RT, DSC, DSC watch receiver ROC
VHF handheld device
NAVTEX receiver
EPIRB float free
SART
A2 MF RT DSC, DSC watch receiver GOC
A3 either INMARSAT MES + EGC receiver GOC
or MF/HF RT DSC telex, DSC scan watch receiver GOC
A4 MF/HF RT DSC telex, DSC scan watch receiver GOC
On compulsory fitted vessels the availability of equipment must be
guarantied. This can be done by 3 different methods listed. Ships
sailing in Sea Area A1 or A2 can choose one of these 3 methods,
while sailing in A3 or A4 they have to choose 2 of these 3 methods.
Duplication Of Equipment DOE

A1 and A2: VHF RT DSC
A3 and A4: MF/HF RT DSC or INMARSAT MES
Shore Based Maintenance SBM (contract, arrangement)
At Sea Maintenance ASM (qualified personal)
All equipment must be approved by IMO and carry a

wheelmark symbol.
It must also comply with regulations of the European

fig. 10: Union EU and carry a Conform European CE Symbol.
weehlmark eur-lex.europa.eu
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6.1.2 Radio equipment tests

Equipment tests are required while at sea.
Daily
DSC internal (self test)
batteries (damage, voltage test, load test, charge)
printer (function, paper)
Weekly
MF/HF DSC test call (to coast station) GOC
generator (function)
Monthly
VHF handheld (batteries, damages, RX, TX)
EPIRB internal (batteries, damages, selftest)
SART (batteries, damages, selftest)
antenna (damages, cleaning, insulators) GOC
Yearly
EPIRB transmission test (company ashore)
6.1.3 Radio watch

Continuous digital radio watchkeeping is required while at sea.
MF NAVTEX receiver 518kHz
VHF DSC watch receiver ch70
MF DSC watch receiver 2182kHz GOC
HF DSC watch receiver 8414.5kHz + one other GOC
INMARSAT C SafetyNET EGC receiver GOC
Every ship, while at sea, shall continue to maintain, when practicable,
continuous watch.
VHF RT listening on ch16
VHF RT listening on ch13
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6.1.4 Radio log book

For SOLAS vessels a GMDSS radio log book with the following min-
imum entries is required:
Summary of distress, urgency and safety traffic

Important incidents connected to the radio service
Equipment tests
Appropriate ships position every day
Master must sign every day
National radio log book forms:
Austria: Seeschifffahrtsverordnung www.ris.bka.gv.at
United Kingdom: Maritime Safety Agency www.mcga.gov.uk
date/time station station communications frequency

UTC to from summary, tests, remarks channel, satellite
6.1.5 Documents
The following documents must be carried on board of SOLAS vessels:
Ships radio licence

Radio operator certificates
Radio log book
ITU List of Coast Stations or ALRS Volume 1

ITU List of Ship Stations
ITU List of Callsigns and Numerical Identities
ITU Manual for use by Maritime Mobile Services
ALRS www.ukho.gov.uk
ITU www.itu.int
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6.1.6 Radio Operator Certificate

On passenger ships (>12 passengers), cargo vessels (>300GRT) and
some vessels over 24m normally the minimum requirement in sea area
A1 would be a Restricted Operator Certificate ROC.

Telephone RT on the Very High Frequency VHF chan-
nels of the Maritime Mobile Band including Digital Se-
lective Calling DSC on board compulsory GMDSS fitted
SOLAS vessels which sail in GMDSS sea area A1.
fig. 11:
ROC
stations is required, normally by the shipmaster himself and all marine
officers.
National radio operator licencing administrations:
Austrian ROC = UKW Betriebszeugnis I UBZ I

German ROC =
Beschrankt gultiges Betriebszeugnis fur Funker BBZ
Bundesamt fur Seeschifffahrt und Hydrografie www.bsh.de
United Kingdom ROC = Restricted Operator Certificate

Association of Marine Electronics and Radio Colleges
www.amerc.ac.uk
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6.1.7 Standards for Training, Certification

and Watchkeeping of Seafarers STCW
The STCW convention defines international basic requirements on
training, certification and watchkeeping for seafarers on commercial
vessels. www.imo.org
1. Medical Certificate
Austria: Seeschiffahrtsverordnung www.ris.bka.gv.at
United Kingdom: MSN 1765 www.mcga.gov.uk
2. STCW 95 Basic Safety
(a) Elementary First Aid

(b) Personal Survival Techniques
(c) Fire Prevention and Fire Fighting
(d) Personal Safety and Social Responsibilities
ROC and GOC must be endorsed by the national maritime agency.
Austria:
Oberste Schifffahrtsbehorde OSB www.bmvit.gv.at
Germany:
United Kingdom:
Maritime and Coastguard Agency www.mcga.gov.uk
STCW revalidation is required every 5 years.
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7 Power supply
Radio equipment needs electrical power. Normally this would be Di-
rect Current DC with nominal supply voltage of 12VDC for small
pleasure crafts and 24VDC for other vessels.
7.1 Direct Current 12VDC /24VDC

Power sources:
1. Alternator on main engine
2. Battery charging unit
3. Batteries
Lead acid batteries:
charging 14.4/28.8VDC if higher explosive gas!
acid density 1280kg/m3 charged
discharging 10.8/21.6VDC if lower damage caused!
acid density 1180kg/m3 discharged
no load 12.2/24.4VDC (standby)
load can cause decreasing to 11.0/22.0VDC
7.2 European Alternating Current 230VAC

Power sources:
1. Shorepower
2. Generator
3. Inverter
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Part III
Long Range Certificate
LRC
CEPT examination syllabus for maritime radio operators for using
GMDSS voluntary on board non-SOLAS vessels. www.cept.dk
www.ero.dk
1. Maritime Mobile Radio Telephone RT communications
(a) VHF, MF/HF radio installation
(a) Search and Rescue SAR Procedures
(a) English language written and spoken
(b) Ability to exchange communications relevant to SOLAS
(c) Regulations, obligatory procedures and practices
(d) Practical and theoretical knowledge of RT procedures
5. Maritime Mobile Satellite Service LRC satellite module
(a) INMARSAT System
(b) INMARSAT C operation, Enhanced Group Call EGC
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8 GMDSS
8.1.1 Radio operator certificate
On small crafts used for pleasure or fishing normally offshore require-
ment would be a Long Range Certificate LRC.

Telephone RT on all maritime mobile bands includ-
ing Digital Selective Calling DSC and maritime mobile
satellite communications on board voluntary GMDSS
fitted non-SOLAS vessels.
fig. 12: LRC
stations is required, normally by the shipmaster himself and occasion-
ally his mate.
National radio operator certificate licencing administrations:
Austrian LRC = Allgemeines Betriebszeugnis II ABZ II

German LRC = Allgemein gultiges Funkbetriebszeugnis

Deutscher Segler-Verband DSV www.dsv.org
Deutscher Motoryachtverband DMYV www.dmyv.de
Swiss LRC =
Allgemein gultiges Betriebszeugnis fur die Sportschiffahrt
Schweizer Bundesamt fur Kommunikation www.bakom.ch
United Kingdom LRC = Long Range Certificate

www.amerc.ac.uk
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9 MF/HF Maritime Mobile Radio

9.1 MF/HF Radio Telephone RT
Based on the same technology

a single MF/HF radio device is
used for MF and HF communi-
cation.
fig. 13: ICOM M710 GMDSS
9.1.1 Receiver RX
RX/TX paired frequencies
Select ITU channel: associated RX/TX frequency table

Input RX and TX carrier frequency
2182 direct tune to MF 2182kHz (J3E, high power)
Class of emission mode; J3E, H3E, A3E, ...
Radio Frequency RF gain signal sensitivity
Automatic Gain Control AGC reduce fading
Audio Frequency AF gain volume of loudspeaker
Fine tune / clarify shift RX carrier frequency 150Hz
9.1.2 Transmitter TX
Tune matches the length of the antenna
Power MF 60-400W, HF 60-1500W
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9.2 Medium Frequency MF / High Frequency HF

9.2.1 Radio bands
band definition wave maritime usage
MF 300-3000kHz 1000-100m NAVTEX 490kHz, 518kHz
MF RT+DSC 1605-3800kHz
HF 3-30MHz 100-10m HF RT+DSC 3.8-26MHz
VHF 30-300MHz 10-1m VHF RT+DSC 156-162MHz
UHF 300-3000MHz 10-1dm COSPAS/SARSAT 406MHz
INMARSAT 1.5/1.6GHz
GPS 1.5GHz
SHF 3-30GHz 10-1cm RADAR 3GHz, 9GHz
SART 9GHz
9.2.2 MF/HF Antenna

Wire: more then 7m, insulated from superstructure.
Yachts are using the aft stay,
lager vessels a wire between two masts bow and stern.
Whip: more then 4m

Yachts are using pushpit or flybridge mounting,
larger vessels the top of bridge tower.
9.2.3 MF/HF Tuner
The MF/HF carrier frequency changes from min-

imum MF 1.6MHz to maximum HF 26MHz and
therefore the wave length from 188m to 10m. But
the antenna has a fixed length.
Automatic antenna tuner matches the real length to

the ideal length using coils and capacitors.
fig. 14: tuner
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9.2.4 MF/HF classes of emission

modulation signal information
A AM 1 digital B teleprinting
H SSB carrier 2 digital subcarrier C telefax
J SSB no carrier 3 analog D telecommand
F FM E telephony
G PM
A3E Double Side Band DSB MF/HF broadcast
The Radio Frequency RF carrier and 3kHz bandwidth of
the Audio Frequency AF are fed into the amplitude mod-
ulator AM. On the output is a Double Side Band DSB sig-
nal with 6kHz bandwidth, named A3E. Those two bands
call Lower Side Band LSB and Upper Side Band USB.
H3E Single Side Band SSB with carrier former MF RT 2182kHz
An LSB filter makes the Upper Side Band USB, a Single
Side Band SSB with carrier H3E, from Double Side Band
A3E. You spare 25% of power.
J3E Single Side Band SSB no carrier MF/HF RT
A carrier filter produces the SSB without carrier J3E. You
spare another 50% of power. On receiving J3E signals
you must reinsert a carrier to demodulate information.
TX and RX frequency are not really the same, so you
need to adjust RX frequency with fine tune or clarifier.
F1B Frequency Shift Keying FSK MF/HF DSC & telex
FSK means the transmission of two different frequencies
for two states of binary digits 0 and 1.
J2B Single Side Band SSB with subcarrier MF/HF DSC & telex
Bit 0/1 are converted into two different audio tone signals
and sent in J3E
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9.2.5 MF/HF propagation

Ground wave
This type of waves travels along the surface of the ground.

Propagation is influenced by the frequency and the con-
ductivity of the earth. At MF the ground wave has a
range of 150-250nm during daylight. At HF the absorp-
tion of the ground increases and the range can be less
than 5 miles.
Sky wave
The sky wave has the ability to bend or reflect in the up-
per atmosphere (labeled F1 and F2) so that it returns to
the earth. With more than one skips you can reach sta-
tions around the world. Skip distance increases with the
frequency. Lower bands 2/4/8MHz have to be sent in the
morning and at night. So MF sky wave can reach more
than 400nm during night. During sunlight at mid after-
noon use higher bands 16/22MHz. And in the evening
8/12MHz.
Dead zone
No signals are heard between the end of the ground wave

and the skip of the sky wave and so it is called the dead
zone.
Fading
If more then one reflection is received the receiver will

combine the signals. Combining these two signals means
the strength of the signal can vary greatly. Variations
from zero to maximum are possible, called fading.
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9.3 MF/HF Digital Selective Calling DSC

9.3.1 Type of calls
Primary type of calls to one, some or all stations in radio range:
distress
alert (acknowledge) all stations

relay all (acknowledge) all stations
relay individual (acknowledge) coast MMSI
urgency & safety
group group MMSI

geographical area coordinates
routine
group group MMSI

test (acknowledge) coast MMSI
9.3.2 MF/HF DSC controller

class A full requirements for compulsory fitted SOLAS vessels
class E minimum facilities for voluntary fitted non-SOLAS vessels
Scan watch receiver continuous digital watch

scanning all 6 MF/HF DSC frequencies:
MF 2187.5kHz
HF 4207.5, 6312.0, 8414.5, 12577.0, 16804.5kHz
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9.4 MF/HF priority distress

9.4.1 MF/HF DSC distress alert

undesignated DSC distress alert push DISTRESS button >5s
designated DSC distress alert
a) push appropriate button(s) to enter DSC distress menu

d) select DSC calling frequency (position an propagation)
single: 5 consecutive calls on 1 frequency 35s
multi: 6 consecutive calls on 6 frequencies 42s
MF 2187.5kHz
HF 4207.5, 6312.0, 8414.5, 12577.0, 16804.5kHz
e) select mode RT J3E simplex class A DSC sets only
f) select associated RT working frequency:
MF 2182kHz
HF 4125, 6215, 8291, 12290, 16420kHz
g) push appropriate button to transmit
MF DSC received by ship & coast stations in radio range 150nm
HF DSC received by ship & coast stations in propagation range
Await DSC distress acknowledge from CS/RCC <3min

If not, automatic repetition of DSC distress alert 3.5-4.5min
Follow up with MF/HF RT distress call and message.
9.4.2 MF/HF RT distress call and message

Single DSC call: on associated RT working frequency
Multi DSC call: on each of 6 associated RT working frequencies
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9.4.3 MF/HF DSC distress cancellation

Distress has to be dully canceled
after transmission of a false distress alert.
a) push appropriate cancel button to stop transmission

b) select distress cancellation call
new DSC sets only
c) push appropriate button to transmit
new DSC sets only
On reception of a DSC distress cancellation call old DSC sets display-
ing DSC distress acknowledge by station in distress itself.
Follow up with MF/HF RT distress cancellation call and message.
9.4.4 MF/HF RT distress cancellation

If distress situation is no longer valid.
Single DSC call: on associated RT working frequency

Multi DSC call: on each of 6 associated RT working frequencies

this is this is
cancellation please cancel my distress alert
date and time of 0837 UTC today
OVER OVER
Await RT distress cancellation acknowledge from CS or RCC.
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9.5 MF/HF priority distress relay

If you receive distress signals on HF inform RCC if applicable.
If you receive distress signals on MF take the following actions:
1. Set continuous watch on VHF ch16 and MF 2182kHz >5 min

2. Transmit MF RT distress acknowledge if applicable:

A2 MF DSC individual distress relay alert followed by MF RT

A3, A4 HF DSC individual distress relay alert followed by HF RT
9.5.1 MF/HF DSC distress relay alert

b) select individual call, priority distress relay
enter MMSI of CS/RCC or select from directory
c) select DSC calling frequency (position an propagation)
MF 2187.5kHz
HF 4207.5, 6312.0, 8414.5, 12577.0, 16804.5kHz
d) select mode RT J3E simplex class A DSC sets only
e) select associated RT working frequency:
MF 2182kHz
HF 4125, 6215, 8291, 12290, 16420kHz
f) push appropriate button to transmit
Await DSC acknowledge from CS or RCC.
If not acknowledged repeat after 5min, at least after another 15min.
9.5.2 MF/HF RT distress relay call and message

Transmit subsequent RT distress call and message
on associated RT working frequency.
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9.6 MF priority urgency

No urgency calls on HF.
9.6.1 MF DSC urgency alert on 2187.5kHz

b) select area, group or individual call, priority urgency
enter reference point and distance on area call
enter MMSI of CS/RCC on group and individual call
c) select DSC calling frequency MF 2187.5kHz
e) select associated RT working frequency MF 2182kHz
9.6.2 MF RT urgency call and message on 2182kHz

Transmit subsequent RT urgency call and message
Cancel message if urgent situation is no longer required.
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9.7 MF priority safety

No safety calls on HF.
9.7.1 MF DSC safety alert on 2187.5kHz

b) select area, group or individual call, priority safety
enter reference point and distance on area call
enter MMSI of CS/RCC on group and individual call
c) select DSC calling frequency MF 2187.5kHz
e) select associated RT working frequency MF 2182kHz
9.7.2 MF RT safety call and message on 2182kHz

Transmit subsequent RT urgency call and message
Cancel message if safety situation is no longer required.
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9.8 MF/HF priority routine

9.8.1 MF/HF DSC routine calling
b) select area, group or individual call, priority safety
enter MMSI
c) select DSC calling frequency (position and propagation)
MF ship-ship TX/RX 2177/2177kHz
MF ship-shore TX/RX 2189.5/2177kHz
HF 24 DSC frequencies within 8 bands: ship TX/RX [kHz]
4MHz: 4208.0/4219.5, 4208.5/4220.0, 4209.0/4220.5
6MHz: 6312.5/6331.0, 6313.0/6331.5, 6313.5/6332.0
8MHz: 8415.0/8436.5, 8415.5/8437.0, 8416.0/8437.5
12MHz: 12577.5/12657.0, 12578.0/12657.5, 12578.5/12658.0
16MHz: 16805.0/16903.0, 16805.5/16903.5, 16806.0/16904.0
18MHz: 18898.5/19703.5, 18899.0/19704.0, 18899.5/19704.5
22MHz: 22375.5/22444.0, 22376.0/22444.5, 22376.5/22445.0
25MHz: 25208.5/26121.0, 25209.0/26121.5, 25209.5/26122.0
d) select mode RT J3E simplex/duplex class A DSC sets only
e) select RT working frequency on same band as calling
MF ship-ship i.e. intership TX/RX 2048/2048kHz
MF ship-shore 55 ITU channels: ship TX/RX [kHz]
2MHz: 241-267: 2060/1635, 2063/1638, ... 2138/1713
2MHz: 268-295: 2060/1716, 2063/1719, ... 2141/1797
HF 242 ITU channels within 8 bands: ship TX/RX [kHz]
4MHz: 401-427: 4065/4357, 4068/4360, ..., 4143/4435
6MHz: 601-608: 6200/6501, 6203/6504, ..., 6221/6522
8MHz: 801-832: 8195/8719, 8198/8722, ..., 8288/8812
12MHz: 1201-1241: 12230/13077, 12233/13080, ..., 12350/13197
16MHz: 1601-1656: 16360/17242, 16363/17245, ..., 16525/17407
18MHz: 1801-1815: 18780/19755, 18783/19758, ..., 18822/19797
22MHz: 2201-2253: 22000/22696, 22003/22699, ..., 22156/22852
25MHz: 2501-2510: 25070/26145, 25073/26148, ..., 25097/26172
f) enter additional information if required
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10 SAT-C Mobile Earth Station MES

10.1 International Maritime Satellite INMARSAT
10.1.1 INMARSAT system
INMARSAT is a private
company and located in
London with its Opera-
tion Control Centre OCC.
4 satellites AOR-W,
AOR-E, IOR, POR
are geostationary located
in 36.000km height above
the equator.
At your known ships po-

sition you can calculate
the azimuth and eleva-
tion angle.
fig. 15: INMARSAT satellites
www.inmarsat.com
Marine communication standards:
standard phone telex data GMDSS IMN

B yes yes 64kBit/s yes 3MIDxxxxx
C no yes 0.6kBit/s yes 4MIDxxxxx
M yes no 2.4kBit/s no 6MIDxxxxx
Fleet 33 yes no 9.6kBit/s no 76xxxxxxx
Fleet 55 yes no 64kBit/s no 76xxxxxxx
Fleet 77 yes no 128kBit/s yes 76xxxxxxx
FB 150 yes no 150kBit/s no
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10.1.2 INMARSAT Land Earth Station LES

There are about 20 Land Earth Stations around the world, formerly
called Coast Earth Stations CES. Dishes (parabolic antenna) with a
diameter of 20m are used for RX 3.6GHz and TX 6.4GHz.
LES are connected into the Public Switched Telephone Network PSTN,
Packet Switched Data Network PSDN and to RCCs.
Not every LES provides all communication standards.
SAT-C LES list and Access Codes:
country operator AOR-W AOR-E POR IOR

China Beijing 211 311
Brazil Embratel 114
France Vizada 021 121 221 321
Greece OTE 120 305
India VSNL 306
Israel Bezeq 127 327
Italia Telecom Italia 105 335
Japan KDDI 003 103 203 303
Netherlands Stratos (Burum) 012 112 212 312
Stratos (Burum 2) 002 102 302
New Zealand Stratos (Auckland) 202
Norway Vizada 004 104 204 304
Poland Telekomunikacja 116 316
Russia Morsviazsputnik 117 217 317
Singapore Singapore Telecom 210 328
Vietnam VISHIPEL 330
USA Vizada 001 101 201 301
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10.1.3 INMARSAT Mobile Earth Station MES
formerly called
Ship Earth Stations
SES
fig. 16: INMARSAT MES

The communication frequencies RX 1.5GHz and TX 1.6GHz propa-
gate with space wave. The satellite has to be in the line of sight.
That is possible up to 70 N/S.
The antenna (dish) is directional and must be pointed accurately at

the satellite. Normally it is automatically tracked by ships position
(GPS) and heading (gyro) to satellite (azimuth and elevation).
4 Network Co-ordination Stations NCS

are responsible for allocating ships TX
communication channels and ships RX
calling.
fig. 17: INMARSAT NCS

Inmarsat Mobile Numbers IMN (4MIDxxxxx) are allocated by IN-
MARSAT London.
Air time is charged by AAIC.
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10.2 SAT-C Terminal

Store-and-forward data messaging only (similar to SMS), no phone.
omnidirectional antenna
Transceiver
PC Terminal with user Software
fig. 18: SAT-C Terminal

Login is only possible if MES is in contract with INMARSAT.
You get messages after login to NCS ocean region.
Logging out informs the NCS that your MES is no longer available for
communication. The NCS in your ocean region updates its database
with this information. The system knows not to accept any messages
intended for your MES and informs would-be callers that your MES
is not available. Logging out inhibits loss of data.
class terminal
0 EGC receiver only
1 SAT-C transceiver only
2 EGC receiver when SAT-C transceiver is standby
3 EGC receiver and SAT-C transceiver
Mini-C: small-scale, non GMDSS

for voluntary fitted vessels in Inmarsat spot beam areas only.
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10.3 SAT-C priority distress P3

If you select distress priority your message will be routed only to an
RCC associated with the LES selected, regardless of the destination.
10.3.1 SAT-C telex distress alert

undesignated distress alert push DISTRESS button(s) >5s
designated distress alert enter menu
a) select distress alert

unspecified, fire/explosion, flooding, collision,
grounding, listing, sinking, disabled/adrift, abandon,
further assistance, piracy/armed attack
d) login to nearest LES/CES depending on position
e) push appropriate button to transmit
Received by Inmarsat satellite LES RCC 70 S-70 N
Await SAT-C distress acknowledge from RCC <5min.
If not repeat SAT-C distress alert as above.
10.3.2 SAT-C telex distress message

a) select distress priority P3
b) prepare distress message or retrieve from memory
MAYDAY
ships name / call sign / IMN
position, nature of distress, assistance required
additional information
c) select the same LES/CES through the alert was sent
d) to transmit push appropriate button
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10.3.3 SAT-C telex distress cancellation message

Distress has to be dully canceled after transmission of a false SAT-C
distress alert. Notify appropriate RCC by sending a distress priority
message via the same LES through which the false alert was sent.

b) prepare distress cancellation message or retrieve from memory
position
cancel my distress alert
of date and time
c) select the same LES/CES through the alert was sent
10.3.4 SAT-C telex distress relay message to RCC

If you observe or receive distress signals take the following actions:
1. Set continuous watch on VHF ch16 and MF 2182kHz >5 min

2. Transmit VHF or MF RT distress acknowledge if applicable:


b) prepare message or retrieve from memory
MAYDAY RELAY
position
observed / received the following ...
c) select LES/CES
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10.4 SAT-C priority routine P0

Priority messages are selected by 2-digit short dialing codes.
Special Access Code SAC. www.inmarsat.com
10.4.1 SAT-C telex urgency message

a) select routine priority P0

b) select message type special access
c) enter 2-digit SAC
32 medical advice
38 medical assistance
39 maritime assistance
d) prepare message or retrieve from memory
PAN PAN
ships name / call sign / IMN / position
e) select LES/CES
f) to transmit push appropriate button
10.4.2 SAT-C telex safety message


b) select message type special access
c) enter 2-digit SAC
42 navigational hazards
d) prepare message or retrieve from memory
SECURITE
ships name / call sign / IMN / position
e) select LES/CES
f) to transmit push appropriate button
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10.4.3 SAT-C telex routine message

b) select message type, country, destination, prefix, extension
type country destination prefix ext. preamble

shore telex country subscriber - - -
ship telex 581 AOR/E IMN - - -
582 POR - - -
583 IOR - - -
583 AOR/W - - -
data PSDN DNIC - - -
fax PSTN country subscriber - T30 -
sms SAC - - 28 - TO+<no.>
email SAC - - 28 - TO+<addr.>
- - SUBJ+<subject>
c) prepare message or retrieve from memory

d) select LES/CES
e) to transmit push appropriate button
Inmarsat air charges per 256Bit 0,30USD / 256Bit
ITA-2, 5Bit, telex 50 character / 256Bit
ASCII, 7Bit, text 36 character / 256Bit
Binary, 8Bit, data 32 character / 256Bit
Inmarsat sms/email Provider: contract required

Vizada (former Telenor, France Telecom) www.vizada.com
Stratos (former Xantic) www.stratosglobal.com
Inmarsat Mobile Number IMN:

ITU List of callsigns and numerical identities
Maritime Access and Retrieval System MARS www.itu.int
Inmarsat ships directory www.inmarsat.com
Data Network Identification Code DNIC: www.itu.int
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10.5 SAT-C shore-to-ship routine
fig. 19: INMARSAT shore-to-ship

Dialing a MES from ashore or another MES:
destination extension
telex 581 AOR/E IMN
582 POR
583 IOR
584 AOR/W
data 1111 AOR/E DNIC
1112 POR
1113 IOR
1114 AOR/W
fax not supported
sms Vizada: +49-1709127629 MES:
Stratos; +47-95222333 i IMN
email Vizada: username.tlx@skyfile-c.com subject: keyword
Stratos: IMN@stratosmobile.net subject: al:telex
Contract with service provider for SMS and email required.
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10.6 SAT-C shore-to-ship Enhanced Group Call EGC

10.6.1 SafetyNET
SafetyNET provides Maritime Safety Information MSI broadcasts out-
side NAVTEX coverage free of charge.
MSI can be addressed to all ships within
one, more or all 4 ocean region(s)
one, more or all 16 NAVAREA(s)
circle
rectangle
coastal area
Priority levels: distress, urgency, safety, routine
NAVAREA I, II, III: scheduled MSI broadcasts (UTC)
area ocean region NAV warning MET information

I AOR-E 0503, 1730 0930, 2130
II AOR-E 1630 0900, 2100
AOR-W 0900, 2100
III AOR-E 1200, 2400, on receipt 1000, 2200

INMARSAT SafetyNet User Handbook www.inmarsat.com
10.6.2 FleetNET
FleetNET provides charged commercial broadcasts to a group of sta-
tions selected by EGC Network Identification code ENID code.
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10.6.3 EGC receiver

Set up EGC receiver:
a) automatic update of ships position from GPS

or manually input at least every 4 hours
b) designate current NAVAREA I-XVI based on ships position
c) designate INMARSAT ocean region based on NAVAREA
d) login in to ocean region NCS of AOR-W, AOR-E, POR or IOR
e) enter NAVAREA I-XVI
f) select NAVTEX codes and/or EGC services from list
g) enter alternative NAVAREA
fig. 20: MSI SafetyNet
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Part IV
General Operator Certificate
GOC
1. Maritime Mobile Radio Telephone RT communications
(a) VHF, MF/HF radio installation
(c) Narrow Band Direct Printing NBDP, telex
(a) Search and Rescue SAR Procedures
(c) Communication with non-SOLAS vessels
(d) Protection of distress frequencies
(e) Maritime Safety Information MSI
(f) Alerting and Locating Signals
(a) English language written and spoken
(b) Ability to exchange communications relevant to SOLAS
(c) Regulations, obligatory procedures and practices
(d) Practical and theoretical knowledge of RT procedures
5. Maritime Mobile Satellite Service
(a) INMARSAT System
(b) INMARSAT C operation, Enhanced Group Call EGC
(c) INMARSAT B/M, Fleet 77
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11 GMDSS
11.1.1 Radio Operator Certificate
On passenger ships (>12 passengers), cargo vessels (>300GRT) and
some vessels over 24m in sea areas A2-A4 a General Operator Cer-
tificate GOC is required.

Telephone RT on all maritime mobile bands including
Digital Selective Calling DSC and maritime mobile
satellite communications on a compulsory GMDSS
fitted SOLAS vessels.
fig. 21: GOC

stations is required, normally by the shipmaster himself and all marine
officers.
National radio operator licencing administrations:
Austrian GOC = Allgemeines Betriebszeugnis I ABZ I

German GOC =
Allgemein gultiges Betriebszeugnis fur Funker ABZ
United Kingdom GOC = General Operator Certificate

www.amerc.ac.uk
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12 MF/HF Maritime Mobile Radio

12.1 MF/HF telex Terminal
A telex terminal consists of
Video Display Unit VDU

Keyboard
Printer
telex MODEM (modulator/demodulator)
MF/HF Transceiver (F1B or J2B)
MF/HF DSC class A
Operation modes for Narrow Band Direct Printing NBDP.
Automatic Reception Request ARC station to station

Forward Error Correction FEC broadcast
Selective FEC SELFEC station to station
12.1.1 telex identification selcal

Each station needs unique telex identification, the selcal:
coast station: 4 digits

ship station: 5 digits

12.1.2 telex abbreviations

Examples for telex abbreviations:
GA+ go ahead
MED+ medical assistance required
OBS+ weather messages
OCC+ occupied (engaged)
URG+ urgent assistant required
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12.2 MF/HF telex communication

12.2.1 MF/HF DSC alert / call
b) select station called (all ships, area, group, individual)
c) select priority (distress, urgency, safety, routine)
d) select mode telex/RTTY/NBDP, F1B/J2B, simplex/duplex
FEC for distress, urgency, safety
ARQ, FEC, SELFEC for routine
e) select DSC calling frequency (position and propagation)
distress, urgency, safety:
MF 2187.5kHz
HF 4207.5, 6312.0, 8414.5, 12577.0, 16804.5kHz
routine:
MF ship-ship TX/RX 2177/2177kHz
MF ship-shore TX/RX 2189.5/2177kHz
HF 24 DSC frequencies within 8 bands: ship TX/RX [kHz]
4MHz: 4208.0/4219.5, 4208.5/4220.0, 4209.0/4220.5
6MHz: 6312.5/6331.0, 6313.0/6331.5, 6313.5/6332.0
8MHz: 8415.0/8436.5, 8415.5/8437.0, 8416.0/8437.5
12MHz: 12577.5/12657.0, 12578.0/12657.5, 12578.5/12658.0
16MHz: 16805.0/16903.0, 16805.5/16903.5, 16806.0/16904.0
18MHz: 18898.5/19703.5, 18899.0/19704.0, 18899.5/19704.5
22MHz: 22375.5/22444.0, 22376.0/22444.5, 22376.5/22445.0
25MHz: 25208.5/26121.0, 25209.0/26121.5, 25209.5/26122.0
f) select associated telex working frequency in same band
distress, urgency, safety:
MF 2174.5kHz
HF 4177.5, 6268.0, 8376.5, 12520.0, 16695.0kHz
routine: appropriate MF/HF frequency
12.2.2 MF/HF telex message

Prepare and transmit with telex Terminal Software.
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13 SAT-B/M Mobile Earth Station MES

standard GMDSS IMN phone telex remark
SAT-B yes 3MIDxxxxx yes yes
SAT-M no 6MIDxxxxx yes no small-scale
Mini-M no 76xxxxxxx yes no portable
SAT-B/M will phase out 2014.
13.1 SAT-B/M priority distress P3

13.1.1 SAT-B telex distress
a) select telex mode (go online)

b) select distress priority P3 by pushing DISTRESS button >6s
c) await RCC answerback and GA+ (Go Ahead)
d) type distress message or retrieve from DMG
MAYDAY
position, nature, assistance, additional information
Distress Message Generator DMG is a memory for pre-programmed
telex distress message. Ships identification and position is included.
13.1.2 SAT-B/M phone distress

a) select phone mode (lift headset)
b) select distress priority P3 by pushing DISTRESS button >6s
c) push # -key to start call
d) await RCC operator answers
e) give distress message
MAYDAY
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13.2 SAT-B/M priority routine P0

Priority messages are selected by 2-digit short dialing codes.
Special Access Code SAC. www.inmarsat.com
13.2.1 SAT-B/M urgency message

a) select mode: phone or telex (SAT-B only)

b) select routine priority P0
c) select LES/CES
d) lift headset go online
e) await RCC answers answerback GA+
f) enter SAC
32 medical advice
g) enter # +
h) give phone message type telex message
13.2.2 SAT-B/M safety message


c) select LES/CES
f) enter SAC
42 navigational hazard
g) enter # +
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13.2.3 SAT-B/M routine message

c) select LES/CES
f) enter SAC
00 automatic dialing
g) enter # +
13.3 SAT-B/M shore-to-ship routine

Automatic phone call shore-to-ship: +870-IMN

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14 Fleet 77/55/33 Mobile Earth Station

14.1 Fleet 77/55/33 Terminal
standard GMDSS IMN phone telex remark
Fleet 77 yes 76xxxxxxx yes no ISDN, MPDS
pre-emption
Fleet 55 no 76xxxxxxx yes no small-scale
Fleet 33 no 76xxxxxxx yes no mobile
ISDN - Integrated Services Digital Network
MPDS - Mobile Packet Data Service
Pre-emption - communication can be interrupted by higher priorities.
14.2 Fleet 77/55/33 priority distress P3

a) lift headset
b) select priority distress by pushing DISTRESS button >5s
c) select LES (nearest to incident) or use default
e) give distress message
MAYDAY
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14.3 Fleet 77 priority urgency P2

a) lift headset
b) select priority urgency by entering SAC
32 medical advice
c) select LES or use default
e) give urgency message
PAN PAN
position, message
14.4 Fleet 77 priority safety P1

a) lift headset
b) select priority safety by entering SAC
42 navigational hazard
e) give safety message
SECURITE
position, message
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14.5 Fleet 77/55/33 priority routine P0

a) lift headset
b) select priority routine by entering SAC
00 automatic dialing
d) enter number (country + area + subscriber)
e) await answer
f) give message
14.6 Fleet 77/55/33 shore-to-ship routine

Automatic phone call shore-to-ship: +870-IMN

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Part V
Appendix
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15 Operation Performance Test OPT

15.1 VHF
1. VHF Radio Telephone RT
(a) switch power on/off

(b) set volume and squelch for optimum performance
(c) adjust dimmer
(d) select distress channel
(e) select working channel
(f) activate dual watch
(g) adjust power output
2. VHF Digital Selective Calling DSC
(a) check ships MMSI

(b) enter position and time
(c) transmit undesignated distress alert
(d) transmit designated distress alert
(e) cancel a false distress alert
(f) transmit distress relay call to CS
(g) transmit distress acknowledge
(h) transmit urgency call to all stations
(i) transmit safety call to all stations
(j) transmit group call
(k) transmit ship-to-ship routine call
(l) transmit ship-to-shore routine call
(m) transmit routine acknowledge
(n) retrieve received calls from log / memory
(o) enter name and MMSI into directory / address book
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15.1.1 VHF RT ICOM M503
fig. 22: ICOM M503

[POWER]
turn SQL left to open noise
adjust VOL loudness
turn SQL right to close until noise stopped
(c) adjust dimmer
[DIMMER]
[16]
rotate dial knob or push microphone buttons [4][5]
select working channel and push [DUAL]
[HI/LO]
fig. 23: ICOM

DS100
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15.1.2 VHF DSC ICOM DS100 class D

[CALL] Set-up, MMSI Check
[CALL] Enter Position/time, enter LAT, LON, UTC
lift red cover, push [DISTRESS] >5s
[CALL] Distress Setting, select nature, position, time
[CLR]
[CALL] Individual Call, MMSI, Distress, CH0xx, 2x[ENTER]
not possible
[CALL] All Ships Call, Urgency, CH0xx, 2x [ENTER]
[CALL] All Ships Call, Safety, CH0xx, 2x [ENTER]
[CALL] Group Call, MMSI, Routine, CH0xx, 2x [ENTER]
[CALL] Individual Call, MMSI, Routine, CH0xx, 2x[ENTER]
[CALL] Individual Call, MMSI, Routine, CH0xx, 2x[ENTER]
[CALL] Individual ACK, MMSI, Able/Unable [ENTER]
[CALL] Received Calls, distress/other, select call
[CALL] Set Up, Add/DEL, individual/group ID, ...
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15.1.3 VHF RT ICOM M505
fig. 24: ICOM M505

[POWER]
turn SQL left to open noise
adjust VOL loudness
turn SQL right to close until noise stopped
(c) adjust dimmer
hold [H/L] and rotate dial knob
[16/C]
rotate dial knob or push microphone buttons [4][5]
select working channel and push [DIAL/DUAL/GRP]
[H/L]
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15.1.4 VHF DSC ICOM M505 class D

[MENU] Set-up, MMSI Check
[MENU] Position Input, enter LAT, LON, UTC
[MENU] Distress Setting, select nature, position, time
[CLR]
[MENU] Individual Call, MMSI, Distress, CHxx, 2x[ENTER]
not possible
[MENU] All Ships Call, Urgency, CHxx, 2x [ENTER]
[MENU] All Ships Call, Safety, CHxx, 2x [ENTER]
[MENU] Group Call, MMSI, Routine, CHxx, 2x [ENTER]
[MENU] Individual Call, MMSI, Routine, CHxx, 2x[ENTER]
[MENU] Individual Call, MMSI, Routine, CHxx, 2x[ENTER]
[MENU] Individual ACK, MMSI, Able/Unable [ENTER]
[MENU] Received Calls, distress/other, select call
[MENU] Set Up, Add/DEL, individual/group ID, ...
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15.1.5 VHF RT Simrad RD68
fig. 25: Simrad

RD68
turn volume from/to left stop
turn SQ left to open noise
adjust VOL loudness
turn SQ right to close until noise stopped
(c) adjust dimmer
[backlight]
[16]
enter digits on keypad + [E]
select working channel and push [D/W]
[1/25]
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15.1.6 VHF DSC Simrad RD68 class D

DSC, Menu, More, MMSI
DSC, Menu, Posn, Posn, enter LAT, LON, [E], UTC, [E]
shift cover, push [DIST] >5s
shift cover, push [DIST], select nature
shift cover, push [DIST] >5s
[C]
DSC, Call Routine to, MMSI, [E], Send, [E]
not possible
DSC, Call, 2x Type All Ships Urgency, Send, [E]
DSC, Call, Type All Ships Safety, Chxx, Send, [E]
DSC, Call, 3x Type Group call, Chxx, Send, [E]
enter group MMSI: DSC, Menu, More, MMSI
DSC, Call Routine to, MMSI, [E], Chxx, Send, [E]
Ackn
DSC, Log, back/next, [4][5]
DSC, Menu, More, Dir, Add, ...
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15.1.7 VHF RT Midland Neptune
fig. 26: Midland Neptune

adjust VOL loudness
(c) adjust dimmer
[backlight]
[16]
enter digits on keypad + [E]
or push microphone buttons [4][5]
select working channel and push [D/W]
[1/25]
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15.1.8 VHF DSC Midland Neptune class D

DSC, Menu, More, MMSI
DSC, Menu, Posn, Posn, enter LAT, LON, [E], UTC, [E]
shift cover, push [ ] >5s
shift cover, push [ ], select nature
shift cover, push [ ] >5s
cancel, select yes
not possible
DSC, Call, 2x Type All Ships Urgency, Send, [E]
DSC, Call, Type All Ships Safety, Chxx, Send, [E]
DSC, Call, 3x Type Group call, Chxx, Send, [E]
enter group MMSI: DSC, Menu, More, MMSI
DSC, Call Routine to, MMSI, [E], Chxx, Send, [E]
Acknowledge, able/unable to comply
DSC, Log, back/next, [4][5]
DSC, Menu, More, Dir, Add, ...
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15.1.9 VHF RT STN ATLAS DEBEG 6348
fig. 27: DEBEG 6348

adjust VOL loudness
(c) adjust dimmer
[SHIFT]+[7/DIM]
[16]
enter digits on keypad
[SHIFT]+[6/DW]
[SHIFT]+[9/1W]
fig. 28: DEBEG 3817
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15.1.10 VHF DSC STN ATLAS DEBEG 3817 class A

[MID]
[POS], enter position and time
[CNF], [NEXT], enter date and time
[SOS], [SOS]
[SOS], [ENT], select nature, [SOS]
[CLR]
either [CALL], 3x[NEXT], [ENT], 7x[NEXT]
or [RXC], [CALL], [CALL], [3]
[RXC], [CALL], [CALL], [4]
[CALL], 2x[NEXT], urgency, chxx
[CALL], 2x[NEXT], safety, chxx
[CALL], 3x[NEXT], [ENT], MMSI, routine, chxx
[CALL], [NEXT], MMSI, routine, chxx
[CALL], [NEXT], MMSI, routine, chxx
[NEXT]
[RXC] or [NEXT]
[DEF]
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15.2 MF/HF
1. MF/HF Radio Telephone RT
(b) tune to 2182 kHz
(c) set up MF RT working frequency
(d) set up HF RT ITU channel
(e) adjust clarifier / fine tune
(f) adjust AF gain / volume
(g) adjust RF gain / sensitivity
(h) set AGC
(i) adjust TX power
(j) select class of emission
2. MF/HF Digital Selective Calling DSC
(b) enter date and time
(c) enter position and time
(d) transmit undesignated distress alert
(e) transmit designated distress alert
(f) cancel a false distress alert
(g) transmit distress relay call to CS
(h) transmit distress acknowledge
(i) transmit MF urgency call to coast station
(j) transmit MF safety call to geographic area
(k) transmit MF group call
(l) transmit MF ship-to-ship routine call
(m) transmit HF ship-to-shore routine call
(n) perform daily and weekly tests
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15.2.1 MF/HF RT ICOM M710 GMDSS
fig. 29: ICOM M710 GMDSS

[POWER]
[2182kHz/RESET]
RX: [CE], CHANNEL or keypad, [RX] >1s
TX: [TX], [CE], CHANNEL or keypad, [TX] >1s, [TX]
GROUP and CHANNEL
CLARITY
VOLUME
[FUNC]+[RX], CHANNEL, [CE]
(h) set AGC
[AGC]
(i) adjust TX power
[FUNC]+[TX], CHANNEL
[MODE]
fig. 30: ICOM 110 DSC
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15.2.2 MF/HF DSC ICOM GM110 class A

[MENU], DATA SELECTOR Self ID, [ENT]
not possible
[MENU], DATA SELECTOR Position set, [ENT]
[DISTRESS] >5s
[SEL], DATA SELECTOR Distress, [ENT]
select required data, [DISTRESS] >5s
[CANCEL]
[SEL], DATA SELECTOR Distress relay,... [CALL] >1s
[SEL], DATA SELECTOR Distress ackn, ... [CALL] >1s
[SEL], DATA SELECTOR Individual, ... [CALL] >1s
[SEL], DATA SELECTOR Geograph area, ...[CALL] >1s
[SEL], DATA SELECTOR Group, ... [CALL] >1s
(n) perform tests
daily: [MENU], DATA SELECTOR Self test, [ENT]
weekly: [SEL], DATA SELECTOR Test, ... [CALL] >1s
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15.2.3 MF/HF RT ICOM M801E
fig. 31: ICOM M801E

[POWER]
select preprogrammed user channel
RX: [RX/CLAR], GRP and CH or keypad, [ENT] >1s
TX: [TX/TXP], keypad, [ENT] >1s
GRP and CH
[F]+[RX/CLAR], CH
VOL
[F]+[6 RF-G], CH, [MODE/SET]
(h) set AGC
[F]+[5 AGC]
(i) adjust TX power
no possibility to change
[RX/CLAR], [MODE/SET], [ENT] >1s
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15.2.4 MF/HF DSC ICOM M801E class E

[DSC], [MODE/SET], CH self ID, [ENT]
not possible
[DSC], [MODE/SET], CH POSITION, [ENT]
[DISTRESS] >5s
[DSC], [MODE/SET], CH DISTRESS, [ENT]
select required data, [DISTRESS] >5s
[CANCEL]
[DSC], [MODE/SET], CH DISTRESS RLY,...[CALL] >1s
not possible
[DSC], [MODE/SET], CH Individual, ... [CALL] >1s
[DSC], [MODE/SET], CH Geographical, ... [CALL] >1s
[DSC], [MODE/SET], CH Group, ... [CALL] >1s
(n) perform tests
daily: [DSC], [MODE/SET], CH Self Test, [ENT]
weekly: [DSC], [MODE/SET], CH Test, ... [CALL] >1s
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15.3 INMARSAT
1. SAT-C Terminal
(a) login to correct satellite

(b) set up EGC system
(c) transmit undesignated distress alert (alternative method)
(e) transmit distress message
(g) transmit urgency message
(h) transmit safety message
(i) transmit routine message
(j) retrieve EGC message
(k) logout
2. SAT-B/Fleet 77 Terminal
(a) give distress message

(b) give urgency message
(c) give safety message
(d) make routine call
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15.3.1 SAT-C Trimble TNL7002 Nebula Terminal Software
fig. 32: Trimble TNL7002

(a) login to correct satellite
Menu / Galaxy / Log in to ocean region
(b) set up EGC system
Menu / Galaxy / EGC Setup
push two red buttons >5s
Menu / Distress Alert
(e) transmit distress message
Menu / Send Distress Message
Menu / Send Distress Message
(g) transmit urgency message
Menu / File / New
(h) transmit safety message
Menu / File / New
(i) transmit routine message
costumer: Menu / Window / Address Book
message: Menu / File / New Menu / File / Send
(j) retrieve EGC message
Folder Tree
(k) logout
Menu / Galaxy / Log Out
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15.4 Navtex
1. NAVTEX receiver
(a) program receiving frequency

(b) program coast stations
(c) program message types
(d) perform tests
15.4.1 NAVTEX RX NASA Clipper

[CTRL]+[ENTER] switching 518/490kHz
[ENTER] >3s, [UP], ([CTRL]+[ENTER])
[UP]/[DOWN], [CTRL], [ENTER], [ENTER] >3s
[ENTER] >3s, [DOWN], ([CTRL]+[ENTER])
[UP]/[DOWN], [CTRL], [ENTER], [ENTER] >3s
(d) perform tests
[ENTER]+[CTRL]+[UP]+[DOWN]
15.4.2 NAXTEX RX WIB2D

dual receiver 518/490kHz, no settings
[red], [down] settings, [right], stations, [right]
always all, no settings
(d) perform tests
no test
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15.5 SART
1. SART
(a) manually activate

(b) perform tests
15.5.1 SART JOTRON Tron 9GHz

break seal, remove locking pin
(d) perform tests
switch to TEST, visual / audible beeper
15.6 EPIRB
1. EPIRB

(b) perform tests
15.6.1 EPIRB JOTRON Tron 40S

remove from bracket, break seal, remove locking pin
(d) perform tests
remove from bracket, switch to TEST, flash 15s
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16 Mock questions
16.1 Safety Of Life At Sea SOLAS
1. There is grave and imminent danger to ship or crew, immediate
assistance required. Shipmaster advised you to transmit distress
signals on all available radio equipments.
(a) 43-41.3N 017-12.7E

badly holed, ship is sinking, 4 persons
(b) 44-13.6N 017-45.3E
explosion in engine room, ship is on fire, 3 persons
(c) 43-57.1S 016-59.9E
lost prop shaft, flooding, 5 persons
(d) 44-01.0N 016-48.8W
dense fog, collision with fishing vessel, 8 persons
(e) 43-26.5S 117-15.0W
hit an underwater rock, 1 person
(f) 44-33.2S 016-29.6E
lost keel, heavy list to port, 8 persons
(g) 44-19.9N 015-59.1E
lost rudder, drifting ashore in heavy sea, 2 persons
(h) 43-00.2S 116-25.8E
7 persons abandon ship to liferaft
(i) 44-19.1N 016-39.8E
attack by 4 armed pirates, 6 persons
(j) 01-21.2S 017-45.9W
person over board in heavy sea
(k) 44-32.7N 016-56.0E
62 years old crew member had a heart attack
(l) 12-43.4S 017-17.6E
capsized, no life raft, no dinghy, 1 person on board
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2. State the information included in a DSC distress alert.
3. The RT distress call should sent on which frequency / channel.
4. Define distress, urgency and safety priority.
5. There is a yacht about one mile from you, it is trailing orange

smoke and has a crew member standing on deck and repeatedly
raising and lowering his outstreched arms.
(a) List the actions you should take.

(b) State the RT distress relay call and message to CS/RCC.
6. State the procedure for canceling a false DSC distress alert.
7. State the RT signal you should precede a request for medical

assistance.
8. State the priority of the DSC alert you should use to report a
navigation hazard.
9. State what the signal SILENCE MAYDAY and SILENCE FINI

indicates. State which station is allowed to use.
10. State two different items of maritime radio equipment recom-

mended for use in survival craft.
11. State the changes you will see on your ships radar screen as
your vessel gets closer to an active radar SARTs position.
12. State the correct use of 518kHz for the Safety of Life at Sea
communications.
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16.2 Radio Regulations RR

Requires one answer only.
1. Under whose control may members of the crew use the ra-
diotelephone?
(a) The Skipper of the boat

(b) The holder of a Certificate of Competence.
(c) The Owner of the ship radio licence.
(d) Any responsible person aged 18 and over.
2. Under whose authority is a distress alert be made?
(a) The Skipper.

(b) The licenced radio operator.
(c) The Coastguard.
(d) Any concerned crew member.
3. For the purposes of DSC, vessels are referred to by their
(a) MMSI
(b) callsign
(c) name
(d) AAIC
4. If you are using a VHF radio with an aerial height of 16m and
power output of 25W, at what range would you expect to alert
a coast station with an aerial height of 100m using channel 70?
(a) 5-10nm
(b) 25-35nm
(c) 50-70nm
(d) more then 100nm
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5. Which electronic navigational aid can be interfaced with a DSC

controller to input position?
(a) NAVTEX
(b) Fluxgate compass and electronic log
(c) GPS
(d) RADAR
6. Which one of the following types of call is permitted?
(a) Misleading distress call.

(b) Call addressed All Stations.
(c) Call containing profane or indecent language.
(d) Routine broadcast call.
7. Is the VHF voice distress channel:
(a) Channel 06
(b) Channel 67
(c) Channel 70
(d) Channel 16
8. Which of the following calls is prohibited:
(a) unidentified
(b) all ships
(c) ship-to-shore
(d) ship-to-ship
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17 Translations
17.1 RT messages
17.1.1 Ships distress message
1 Auf Position 12sm nordlich in position 12nm north off
von Kap Arkona, Feuer in Cape Arkona, fire in super-
den Aufbauten, Schiffe in structure, vessels in area are
dem Gebiet werden gebeten, requested to assist in fire
Loschhilfe zu leisten. fighting.
2 Auf Position 54-10.7N 004- In position 54-10.7N 004-
15.4E Feuer im Laderaum 15.4E fire in hold out of con-
ist auer Kontrolle geraten, trol, no dangerous goods, no
keine gefahrlichen Guter, poisoning smoke, 1 person in-
keine giftige Rauchentwick- jured. Immediate help is re-
lung, 1 Person verletzt. quested.
Erbitten sofortige Hilfe.
3 Um 2110UTC, auf Posi- Person over board at
tion 2sm nordwestlich von 2110UTC in position 2nm
Warnemunde, Mensch uber northwest of Warnemuende,
Bord, Schiffe in der Nahe wer- ships in vicinity please keep
den gebeten, scharf Ausschau sharp lookout, assist with
zu halten, bei der Suche und search and rescue and report
Rettung zu helfen und RCC to Bremen Rescue.
Bremen zu berichten.
4 Auf Position 3sm westlich von In position 3nm west of Bue-
Busum, Ruder gebrochen, sum broken rudder, drifting
treiben in rauher See auf Land ashore in rough sea. Require
zu. Benotigen sofortige Hilfe. immediate assistance.
113
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5 Auf Position 17sm nordlich in collision with fishing ves-

von Puttgarden, Kollision mit sel Meyenburg DCYJ in posi-
Fischereifahrzeug Meyenburg tion 17nm north of Puttgar-
DCYJ, gefahrliches Leck, den, dangerous leak, vessel
Schiff sinkt nach Wassere- sinking after flooding, require
inbruch, benotigen sofortige immediate assistance.
Hilfe.
6 Auf Position 61-10,6N 003- In position 61-10.6N 003-
45,3E nach einer Explosion 45.3E after explosion fire in
Feuer im Maschinenraum, 2 engine room, 2 persons are
Personen schwer verletzt, wir seriously injured, we have to
mussen das Schiff verlassen, abandon the vessel, require
benotigen sofortige Hilfe. immediate help.
7 Auf Position 4sm nordlich in position 4nm north of buoy
der Tonne DB2 Kollision mit DB2 in collision with tanker
Tanker NEWEXCO. Starke NEWEXCO. Heavy list to
Schlagseite nach Backbord port side with danger of cap-
und Kentergefahr. Benotige sizing. require assistance im-
sofortige Hilfe. mediately.
8 Auf Position 16-28,7S 174- In position 16-28.7S 174-
51,8E gefahrliches Leck unter 51.8E with dangerous leak
der Wasserlinie, Wasserein- below water line, cannot con-
bruch ist nicht zu kontrol- trol flooding, ship is in critical
lieren, Schiff befindet sich in condition, ships in area are re-
kritischem Zustand, Schiffe in quested to approach for assis-
dem Gebiet werden gebeten tance.
zu Hilfe zu kommen.
9 Deutsche Bucht, in der German Bight near light buoy
Nahe der Leuchttonne DB7, DB7, vessel on fire, fire out
Schiff brennt, bekomme das of control, require immediate
Feuer nicht unter Kontrolle, assistance.
benotige sofortige Hilfe.
114
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17.1.2 Passing a distress message

10 Auf Position 58-55,8N 002- Observed small unknown air-
24,3E, beobachtet wie ein craft with two propellers
kleines Flugzeug mit zwei ditched in position 58-55.8N
Propellern notgewassert 002-24.3E, aircraft is still
hat. Das Flugzeug ist noch afloat.
treibend.
11 Um 0732UTC folgendes auf At 0732UTC on VHF ch16
UKW K16 empfangen: May- following received: Mayday
day Fjaellfjord LGBX auf Fjaellfjord LGBX in position
Position 4sm nordwestlich 4nm northwest of Helgoland
von Helgoland, Explosion im explosions in engine room, 6
Maschinenraum, 6 verletzte persons are injured, require
Menschen an Bord, benotigen helicopter and medical assis-
Hubschrauber und medizinis- tance. End of message.
che Hilfe. Ende der Meldung.
12 Rote Raketen beobachtet in Our position 55-16.9N 016-
rechtweisender Peilung 045 23.1E, observed red rockets in
und 8sm geschatzter Ab- true bearing of about 045, es-
stand von unserer Position timated distance 8nm.
55-16,9N 016-23,1E.
115
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17.1.3 Distress relay message from coast station

13 Auf dem Motorschiff Frey- On motor vessel Freyburg
burg DCAW Mensch uber DCAW person over board last
Bord, um 0730UTC zuletzt seen at 0730UTC in Posi-
gesichtet 2sm nordlich der tion 2nm north of racon buoy
Radarantwortbake Elbe. Alle Elbe. All ships in vicinity
Schiffe in der Nahe werden please keep sharp lookout and
gebeten, scharf Ausschau zu report to Bremen Rescue.
halten und MRCC Bremen zu
berichten.
14 Um 1525UTC auf UKW At 1525UTC on VHF ch16
K16 folgendes von Motoschiff following received from motor
Blue Sky 5KMO empfangen: vessel Blue Sky 5KMO person
Auf Position 12sm nordwest- over board in position 12nm
lich von Calais Mensch uber north west of Calais, vessels
Bord, Schiffe in der Nahe in vicinity keep sharp lookout.
bitte scharf Ausschau halten. End of message. Ships in area
Ende der Meldung. Schiffe in are requested to assist with
dem Gebiet werden gebeten, search and rescue and report
sich an der Suche und Ret- to MRCC Falmouth.
tung zu beteiligen und MRCC
Falmouth zu berichten.
15 DSC Notalarm von Mo- received a DSC distress alert
torschiff Uranus empfangen. from motor vessel Uranus.
Die gemeldete Position ist Reported position is 10-04N
10-04N 077-14W, die Schiff- 077-14W. Shipping is re-
fahrt wird gebeten, scharf quested to keep a sharp look-
Ausschau zu hatlen und out and report to Coast
der Kustenwache Miami zu Guard Miami.
berichten.
116
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16 In der Nahe der Leucht- In vicinity of light and whistle

Heultonne Humber 5 wurde buoy Humber 5 capsized life
ein gekentertes Rettungsflo raft observed. Survivors were
beobachtet. Uberlebende not sighted. Ships in area are
wurden nicht gesichtet. requested to keep sharp look-
Schiffe in dem Gebiet werden out.
gebeten, scharf Ausschau zu
halten.
17 Kustenwache Falmouth hat Coast Guard Falmouth re-
folgende Information vom ceived following information
Fischereifahrzeug Parrain from fishing vessel Parrain
FHEF erhalten. Die Mel- FHEF. The message begins
dung beginnt: Mayday, alle Mayday all crew members on
Besatzungsmitglieder an board the vessel have now
Bord des Schiffes sind vom been airlifted and are pro-
Rettungshubschrauber 137 ceeding to Stornoway on res-
geborgen worden und fliegen cue helicopter 137. The ves-
weiter nach Stornoway. Das sel is still adrift in position 59-
Schiff treibt noch auf Posi- 05N 013-55W. End of mes-
tion 59-05N 013-55W. Ende sage.
der Meldung.
117
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17.1.4 Ships urgent message

08,7E, ein Besatzungsmit- 08.7E, a crew member 56
glied, 56 Jahre, bewusst- years old unconscious, sus-
los, Verdacht auf Herzinfarkt, pect heart attack, require ur-
benotige dringend medizinis- gent medical help by heli-
che Hilfe per Hubschrauber. copter.
19 Ein Mann ist vom Mast Require medical advice for
gefallen und hat sich schwer man fallen from the mast, se-
verletzt, starker Blutverlust, riously injured with heavy loss
Position 54-48,1N 006-55,7E, of blood, position 54-48.1N
benotige medizinischen Rat, 006-55.7E, ships with doctor
Schiffe mit einem Arzt an please contact VHF ch16.
Bord bitte auf UKW K16
melden.
20 Schiff ist aufgrund von In position 51-10.4N 003-
Problemen mit der Ruder- 45.6E, due to steering gear
anlage manovrierunfahig, problems vessel is not under
Position 51-10,4N 003- command, require urgent tug
45,6E, benotige dringend assistance.
Schlepperhilfe.
118
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21 Auf Position 56-25,8N In position 56-25.8N 027-

027-19,3W, Schiff rammte 19.3W, vessel struck growler ,
kleinen Eisberg, Wassere- ship is making water, require
inbruch, benotige dringend urgent assistance with towing
Schlepp- und Pumphilfe. and pumping.
22 Maschinenausfall, Schiff in position 55-23.4N 006-
treibt manovrierunfahig 18.1E, engine is broken down,
in sehr schwerer See und ship is not under command,
sehr hoher Dunung auf very rough sea and extremely
Position 55-23,4N 006- high swell, require urgent tug
18,1E, benotigen dringend assistance.
Schlepphilfe.
23 Auf Position 2sm nordostlich In position 2nm north east of
der Heultonne A, Maschi- whistle buoy A, engine room
nenraum brennt, Hauptmas- on fire, main engine still work-
chine lauft noch, fahren ing proceeding at slow speed,
mit langsamer Fahrt weiter, require urgent tug assistance.
benotigen dringend Schlep-
philfe.
28,4E, gebrochener Mast, 28.4E, broken mast, damaged
Ruderschaden, Schiff treibt rudder. Vessel is not under
manovrierunfahig in schwerer command, rough sea, require
See, benotigen dringend urgent tug assistance.
Schlepperhilfe.
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17.1.5 Urgent message from coast station

25 Kustenwache Miami empfing Miami Coast Guard received
eine uberfallige Meldung der an overdue report of a 38
Segeljacht Windigo, 38 Fu, feet sailing vessel Windigo
die Fajardo am 20. Juni left Fajardo with destination
um 0800 Uhr Ortszeit auf Canaveral. The sailing vessel
dem Weg nach Canaveral is white with red superstruc-
verlie. Weie Segelyacht ture. Shipping is requested
mit roten Aufbauten. Die to keep a sharp lookout and
Schifffahrt wird gebeten, report sightings to US Coast
scharf Ausschau zu halten Guard Miami.
und der Kustenwache Miami
Beobachtungen zu melden.
26 Segelboot Rubin, 12m Lange, Sailing boat Rubin 12m red
roter Rumpf, weie Segel, hull, white sails, 2 persons
zwei Personen an Bord, ver- on board, left Klintholm on
lie Klintholm am 16. Juli July 16th at 0600 local time,
um 0600 Uhr Ortszeit mit bound for Visby, ship has not
Ziel Visby, Schiff hat bisher yet arrived, shipping are re-
Visby nicht erreicht, Schiff- quested to keep sharp look-
fahrt wird gebeten, scharf out and report to Lyngby Ra-
Ausschau zu halten und Lyn- dio.
gby Radio zu berichten.
27 Segeljacht Relaxe SWLU, 40 Sailing yacht Relaxe SWLU,
Fu, weier Rumpf, braune lengths 40 feet, white hull,
Segel, unterwegs von Mar- brown sails, underway from
tinique zu den Azoren, seit Martinique to Azores unre-
dem 16. Januar keine Mel- ported since January 16th,
dung mehr erhalten, Schiffe, ship on route please keep
die sich auf dieser Route sharp lookout and report to
befinden, bitte scharf Auss- US Coast Guard.
chau halten und der US
Kustenwache berichten.
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17.1.6 Ships safety message

28 Schiff auf Grund gelaufen auf Ship aground in approximate
ungefahrer Position 54-27,7N position 54-27.7N 007-28.0E.
007-28,0E. Die Schifffahrt Shipping is requested to keep
wird gebeten, weitraumig zu a wide berth.
umfahren.
17.1.7 Safety message from coast station

29 Gebiet Humber, Thames, Area Humber, Thames,
Dover, Isle of Wight und Dover Isle of Wight and
Belgische Kuste leicht bis Belgian Coast northeasterly
maige NE Brise, Windstarke gentle to moderate breeze
3-4, maige oder schlechte force 3 to 4, moderate or
Sicht, uberwiegend heiter. poor visibility, mainly fair.
30 Seegebiet Dogger Bank bis Sea area Dogger Bank to
Isle of Wight, starke west- Isle of Wight strong westerly
liche Winde zunehmend auf winds increasing to gale force
Sturmstarke 8 bis 9, rechts- 8 to 9 veering later, drizzle at
drehend, spater zeitweise times, moderate to good vis-
Spruhregen, maige bis gute ibility.
Sicht.
31 Sturmwarnung vom 21. Gale warning at 210600
September 0600 UTC, Hur- UTC September, hurricane
rikane Clara, 958hPa im Clara with central pressure of
Zentrum, Position 28-36,5N 958hPa located in position
072-41,3W, bewegt sich 28-36.5N 072-41.3W present
nordwestlich mit 35kn, in movement NW at 35kn
einem Radius von ungefahr within a radius of about
40sm, Seegang uber 7m. 40nm of centre, seas over
7m.
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32 Vanernsee nachts Nord 25 bis Lake Vaenern from this night

35kn, im Sund, im Groen north 25 to 35kn. The Sound,
und Kleinen Belt, westliche the Belts, western and south-
und sudliche Ostsee Sudwest ern Baltic: southwest increas-
zunehmend bis 35kn, in der ing to 35kn. From late night
spaten Nacht West 30 bis west 30 to 40kn. Archipelago
40kn, Sudfinnisches Archipel Sea: tonight south 30kn. Sea
in der Nacht Sud 30kn, Bot- of Bothnia: From tonight
tensee nachts Nordost 35 bis northeast 35 to 45kn and
45kn, dichtes bis sehr dichtes close to very close ice.
Eis.
33 Wetterbericht fur das Gebiet Weather forecast for the area
nordlich von Portugal: Regen North of Portugal, rain or
oder Schauer, zeitweise SW showers, at times SW 6, tem-
6, rasch zunehmend auf W 8, porarily increasing W 8 veer-
spater rechtdrehend NW 5. ing to NW 5 later.
34 Sturmwarnung fur Skagerrak Gale warning for Skagerrak
und Kattegat, W Sturmstarke and Kattegat, W gale force 8
8 bis 9, abnehmend auf 7, to 9, decreasing to 7, rough
rauhe See, Schauer, maige sea, showers, good to moder-
bis gute Sicht. ate visibility.
35 Sturm- und Eiswarnung Gale and ice warning. Sk-
Skagerrak, Kattegatt und agerrak, Kattegatt and Lake
Vanernsee: Heute Abend NW Vaenern: From this evening
30kn Sund, Belts, westliche NW 30kn. The Sound, the
und sudliche Ostsee: Wind Belts, Western and South-
aus sudlichen Richtungen ern Baltic: Around south,
zunehmend auf 30kn, heute increasing to 30kn, this night
Nacht N-NW 30-40kn, Zen- N-NW 30-40kn, Central
trale Ostsee und Rigaischer Baltic and Golf of Riga: SW
Meerbusen SW zunehmend increasing to 35kn.
auf 35kn.
122
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36 Humber-Elbe-Fahrwasser auf Humber-Elbe-Route in po-

Position 53-25,7N 005-28,4E sition 53-25.7N 005-28,4E
eine fast untergetauchte, observed nearly submerged
treibende, gelbe Glocken- drifting yellow colored bell
tonne, gefahrlich fur die buoy, dangerous to naviga-
Schifffahrt. tion.
37 Bohrplattform Drill Ep- Drilling Platform Drill Epsilon
silon auf Position 58-17,3N in Position 58-17.3N 002-
002-43,8E, Ol-Uberlauf und 43.8E spilling oil and leaking
Gasleck, Schiffe in diesem gas, ships in area are advised
Gebiet werden angewiesen, to pass the mentioned posi-
die erwahnte Position mit tion with a wide berth of at
einem Mindestabstand von least 2nm.
2sm zu passieren.
38 Eiswarnung: Eisberge rund Ice warning: Icebergs are re-
um Belle Isle and Cape ported in area around Belle
Freels beobachtet. Mit einer Isle and Cape Freels. Ice
Anderung der Eissituation ist situation is not expected to
in den nachsten 24 Stunden change in the next 24 hours.
nicht zu rechnen.
39 Auf der Position 4sm NW In Position 4nm NW of
von Cape Finisterre sind Cape Finisterre sighted sev-
mehrere rote 40Fu Con- eral drifting 40feet contain-
tainer gesichtet worden, ein ers red painted, one con-
Container mit der Aufschrift tainer marked with TEXAS-
TEXASCON, Schiffe in CON, ships in area are re-
diesem Gebiet bitte sorgfaltig quested to navigate carefully.
navigieren.
40 Ansteuerung Dunnkirchen, Dunkerque approach, in posi-
auf Position 51-04,6N 001- tion 51-04.6N 001-52.2E dan-
52,2E gefahrliches Wrack gerous wreck located. Vessels
lokalisiert. Schiffe werden are requested to keep a wide
gebeten groen Abstand zu berth.
halten.
123
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41 Gefahrliches, in der Karte Dangerous uncharted under-

nicht angegebenes Unter- water obstruction reported in
wasserhindernis, gekennze- position 53-48.3N 007-41.7E
ichnet durch gelbe Boje mit marked by yellow buoy with
West-Toppzeichen, Position west top mark. Navigation is
53-48,3N 007-41,7E, Schiff- requested to keep a berth.
fahrt wird gebeten, Abstand
zu halten.
42 Motorschiff Xanthippe hat motor vessel Xanthippe lost
Anker und Kette verloren, auf anchor and chain in position
Position 51-25,8N 002-40,5E, 51-25.8N 002-40.5E, shipping
Schiffe in dem Gebiet werden in this area is requested to use
gebeten, dort nicht zu ankern neither an anchor nor fishing
und kein Fischereigeschirr zu gear.
nutzen.
43 Fahrwasser zwischen Den Fairway between Den Helder
Helder und Den Oever ist and Den Oever light and
die Leucht- und Heultonne whistle buoy MG18 is re-
MG18 als verloscht gemeldet, ported unlit, shipping in this
die Schifffahrt wird gebeten, area is requested to navigate
in diesem Gebiet vorsichtig with caution.
zu navigieren.
44 Unterwasser-Kabelarbeiten Underwater cable opera-
werden bis zum 16. Februar tions by motor vessel Leon
durch Motorschiff Leon Thevesin in progress until
Thevesin fortgefuhrt, die February 16th, wide berth is
Schifffahrt wird gebeten, requested in area within 2nm
innerhalb eines Radius von of 33-55,6N 008-04.2W.
2sm der Position 33-55,6N
008-04,2W groen Abstand
zu halten.
124
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45 Englische Ostkuste. Im Nor- England East Coast. Blyth

den von Blyth, Windturbine northwards, No. 2 wind tur-
Nr. 2 ist beschadigt worden bine suffered damaged and is
und gefahrlich fur die Schiff- dangerous to shipping. All
fahrt. Alle Schiffe werden vessels are advised to keep
angewiesen, ausreichend Ab- well clear. lcebreaker Odeon
stand zu halten. Eisbrecher and Atle.
Odeon und Atle.
46 Westansteuerung Englischer Western approaches to En-
Kanal. Unterwasserarbeiten glish Channel. Underwater
werden ausgefuhrt in der operations in progress, vicin-
Nahe der Verbindungslinie ity of line joining 48-00N 007-
48-00N 007-15W und 48-51N 15W and 48-51N 007-13W.
007-13W. Groer Abstand er- Wide berth requested.
beten.
47 Eisbrecher Odeon und Atle lcebreaker Odeon and Atle as-
assistieren im Bottnischen sist in northern Bay of Both-
Meerbusen, Ymer in der nia, Ymer in Southern Bay
sudlichen Bottensee und im of Bothnia and the Quark.
Kvark. Nur Schiffe, die Only vessels suitable for win-
fur die Winterschifffahrt (Eis- ter navigation can expect ice-
fahrt) geeignet sind, konnen breaker assistance.
mit der Hilfe der Eisbrecher
rechnen
48 Navigationswarnung Nr. 64, Navigational warning No. 64,
130915 UTC Februar: Ein 130951 UTC February: Ger-
groes Bundel Schnittholz man Bight traffic separation
treibt im Verkehrstrennungs- scheme large package of tim-
gebiet der Deutschen Bucht ber drifting in 53-47.4N 006-
auf Position 53-47,4N 006- 11.1E.
11,1E.
125
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49 Ostlicher Kanal, Strae von Eastern Channel, Dover

Dover, sudliche Nordsee, Strait, southern North Sea,
zahlreiche Baumstamme numerous trunks (length 7m,
(Lange 7m, Durchmesser diameter 0,40 m) reported
0,40 m) treiben von Le adrift from Le Havre to the
Havre bis zur belgischen Belgian coast. Drifting north
Kuste. Die Stamme treiben into the southern North Sea.
nach Norden in die sudliche Shipping is requested to keep
Nordsee. Die Schifffahrt wird a sharp lookout and report
gebeten, scharf Ausschau zu any sighting to Oostende
halten und jede Beobachtung Radio.
Oostende Radio zu melden.
50 Westliche Ostsee. Western Baltic. Traffic
Verkehrstrennungsgebiet Separation Scheme south of
sudlich von Gedser Aus- Gedser. Changes of buoy-
tausch der Betonnung der age of deep water lane and
Tiefenwasserlinie und des traffic separation scheme ac-
Verkehrstrennungsgebi- cording to German notices to
etes ist laut Nachrichten fur mariners 41/01 has been car-
Seefahrer 41/01 durchgefuhrt ried out, see also Danish nav-
worden, beachte ebenfalls igational warning 10/02.
die Danischen Nautischen
Warnnachrichten 10/02.
51 Aalandsee. Leuchttonne Sea of Aaland. Light buoy
Troeskeln Vaestra auf Posi- Troeskeln Vaestra position
tion 59-39,58N 019-51,72E 59-39.58N 019-51.72E de-
zerstort. Unter Wasser- stroyed. Underwater ob-
Hindernisse unter der Wasser- structions left below surface.
oberflache. Die Ost-Kardinal East cardinal light buoy es-
Tonne wurde ostlich der Hin- tablished east of the obstruc-
dernisse verankert. Groen tions. Wide berth is re-
Abstand halten. quested.
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17.2 Weather
Bf wind force SS state of sea
0 calm 0 calm-glassy
1 light air 1 calm-rippled
2 light breeze 2 smooth wavelets
3 gentle breeze
4 moderate breeze 3 slight
5 fresh breeze 4 moderate
6 strong breeze 5 rough
7 near gale 6 very rough
8 gale 7 high
9 strong gale
10 storm 8 very high
11 violent storm 9 phenomenal
12 hurricane
distance visibility
40km excellent
20km very good
10km good
4km moderate
2km poor
1km very poor
500m moderate fog
200m fog
50m thick fog
<50m dense fog
127
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17.3 Vessel
vessel Schiff
cargo vessel Frachtschiff
merchant vessel Handelsschiff
motor vessel Motorschiff
passenger vessel Fahrgastschiff
sailing vessel Segelschiff
towing vessel Schleppendes Schiff
tug Schlepper
boat Boot
pleasure boat Sportboot
small craft Kleinfahrzeug (< 24m)
bow ahead Bug / vorne
stern astern Heck / hinten
port(side) Backbord
star(board) Steuerbord
abeam querab
draught Tiefgang
air draught Hohe
master Kapitan
shipmaster Schiffsfuhrer
128
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17.4 Vocabulary check; prufen

cloudy; bewolkt
anticyclone; Antizyklone (=Hoch)
clearance; Durchfahrtshohe
approach; Ansteuerung
coast; Kuste
approximate; annahernd
coastguard; Kustenwache
appropriate; scheinbar
collision; Zusammensto, Kollision
avoid; vermeiden
course; Kurs, Richtung
azimuth; horizontal
crew; Besatzung
cyclone; Zyklone (Tief)
backing; ruckdrehend
bank; (Sand) Bank
decrease; abnehmen
barrel; Fass
depression; Tiefdruckgebiet
basin; (Hafen) Becken
disabled; manovrierunfahig
beacon; Bake (Marke)
distress; Seenot
bearing; Peilung
ditched; notgewassert
berth; Breite, Liegeplatz
drag; baggern
bell; Glocke
draft; Tiefgang
bounded; begrenzt
drift; treiben
bow; Bug
drizzle; Nieselregen
buoy; Tonne
button; Taste
elevation; vertikal
breaker; Brecher, Damm
establish; aufnehmen, einrichten
bridge; Brucke
fair; heiter, schon
cable; Kabel
fairway; Fahrwasser
call; Anruf
float; (auf)schwimmen
callsign; Rufzeichen
flooding; (Flutung), Wassereinbruch
cancel; aufheben
capsize; kentern
gale; Sturm
cargo; Ladung
grave; ernst
carrier; Trager
grounding; Grundberuhrung
chain; Kette
growler; kleiner Eisberg
channel; Durchfahrt, Kanal
gust; Boe
chart; (See) Karte
chart datum; Kartenbezugssystem
hail; Hagel
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hatch; Luke observe; beobachten

heading; Kurs occasional; vereinzelt
high; Hoch offshore; seewarts
hold; Laderaum off station; vertrieben
hull; Rumpf overcast; bedeckt
immediate; sofort peer; Pier

imminent; unmittelbar pilot; Lotse
inadvertent; unabsichtilich piracy; Piraterie
increase; zunehmen pontoon; Schwimmsteg
inshore; Kustenzone poor; schlecht
investigate; unterstutzen port; Hafen, Backbord
isolated; vereinzelt procedure; Abwicklung, Vorgangsweise
proceeding; fortsetzen
leak; Leck prohibited; verboten
lifeboat; Rettungsboot
lifejacket; Rettungsweste radio; Funk
liferaft; Rettungsinsel radiolog; Funktagebuch
lightvessel; Feuerschiff recommend; Empfehlung
lighthouse; Leuchtturm relay; Weiterleitung
list; Schlagseite report; Meldung
low; Tief require; erfordern
request; erbitten
mainly; uberwiegend rescue; Rettung
making water; Wassereinbruch restricted; eingeschrankt
marked; bezeichnet, markiert robbery; Rauberei
master; Kapitan rudder; Ruder
matcher; Antennentuner
merchant; Handel safety; Sicherheit
message; Nachricht salvage; Bergung
mist; Dunst scan; durchsuchen
moderate; maig seaarea; Seegebiet
seacock; Seeventil
navigate; fahren sealetter; Seefunktelgramm
seriously; schwer
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shifting; drehen, bewegen urgent; dringend

shipmaster; Schiffsfuhrer
shipping; Schiffahrt variation; Missweisung
shore; Ufer, Land veering; drehend
squall; Schwall, Sturmboe vessel; Wasserfahrzeug
squelch; Eingangspegelbegrenzer violent; orkanartig
standby; bereithalten visibility; Sicht
star(board); Steuerbord
stationary; stationar watch; Wache
steer; Steuer wharf; Werft
stern; Heck wheel; Rad
storm; Sturm whistle; heulen, Pfeife
strait; Wasserstrae wreck; Wrack
subcarrier; Hilfstrager
submerged; unter Wasser
superstructure; Aufbauten
survival; uberleben
synopsis; Wetterlage, Ubersicht
temporarily; zeitweise
thunderstorm; Gewitter
thunder; Donner
tiller; Pinne
towing; schleppen
transiting; passieren
trough; Tiefdruck-Trog
trunk; (Baum-)Stamm
tug; Schlepper
tune; abstimmen
Electropedia
unconscious; ohnmachtig www.electropedia.org
underway; (unterwegs) in Fahrt LEO www.leo.org
undefined; nicht bezeichnet Paul Hemetsberger
undesignated; unbestimmt www.dict.cc
unlit; erloschen
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18 Identifications 242 Morocco

243 Hungary
18.1 MID 244-246 Netherlands
000-199 (not used) 247 Italy
248-249 Malta
201 Albania 250 Ireland
202 Andorra 251 Iceland
203 Austria 252 Liechtenstein
204 Azores 253 Luxembourg
205 Belgium 254 Monaco
206 Belarus 255 Madeira
207 Bulgaria 256 Malta
208 Vatican 257-259 Norway
209-210 Cyprus 261 Poland
211 Germany 263 Portugal
212 Cyprus 264 Romania
213 Georgia 265-266 Sweden
214 Moldova 267 Slovak Republic
215 Malta 268 San Marino
216 Armenia 269 Switzerland
218 Germany 270 Czech Republic
219-220 Denmark 271 Turkey
224-225 Spain 272 Ukraine
226-228 France 273 Russian Federation
230 Finland 274 Yugoslav, Macedonia
231 Faroe Islands 275 Latvia
232-235 United Kingdom 276 Estonia
236 Gibraltar 277 Lithuania
237 Greece 278 Slovenia
238 Croatia 279 Serbia and Montenegro
239-240 Greece
301 Anguilla
303 Alaska
304 Antigua and Barbuda
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306 Netherlands Antilles 371 Panama

307 Aruba 375-377 St Vincent, Grenad.
308-309 Bahamas 378 Brit. Virgin Islands
310 Bermuda 379 US Virgin Islands
311 Bahamas 401 Afghanistan
312 Belize 403 Saudi Arabia
314 Barbados 405 Bangladesh
316 Canada 408 Bahrain
319 Cayman Islands 410 Bhutan
321 Costa Rica 412-413 China
323 Cuba 416 Taiwan
325 Dominica 417 Sri Lanka
327 Dominican Republic 419 India
329 Guadeloupe 422 Iran
330 Grenada 423 Azerbaijani
331 Greenland 425 Iraq
332 Guatemala 428 Israel
334 Honduras 431-432 Japan
336 Haiti 434 Turkmenistan
338 USA 436 Kazakhstan
339 Jamaica 437 Uzbekistan
341 Saint Kitts and Nevis 438 Jordan
343 Saint Lucia 440-441 Korea
345 Mexico 443 Palestinian Authority
347 Martinique 445 Republic of Korea
348 Montserrat 447 Kuwait
350 Nicaragua 450 Lebanon
351-357 Panama 453 Macao
358 Puerto Rico 455 Maldives
359 El Salvador 457 Mongolia
361 Saint Pierre,Miquelon 459 Nepal
362 Trinidad, Tobago 461 Oman
364 Turks, Caicos 463 Pakistan
366-369 USA 466 Qatar
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468 Syrian 567 Thailand

470 United Arab Emirates 570 Tonga
473-475 Yemen 572 Tuvalu
477 Hongkong 574 Viet Nam
576 Vanuatu
501 Adelie Land 578 Wallis, Futuna Is.
503 Australia
506 Myanmar 601 South Africa
508 Brunei Darussalam 603 Angola
510 Micronesia 605 Algeria
511 Palau 607 St Paul, Amsterdam Is.
512 New Zealand 608 Ascension Island
514-515 Cambodia 609 Burundi
516 Christmas Island 610 Benin
518 Cook Islands 611 Botswana
520 Fiji 612 Central Africa
523 Cocos 613 Cameroon
525 Indonesia 615 Congo
529 Kiribati 616 Comoros
531 Lao 617 Cape Verde
533 Malaysia 618 Crozet Archipelago
536 Northern Mariana Is. 619 Cote dIvoire
538 Marshall Islands 621 Djibouti
540 New Caledonia 622 Egypt
542 Niue 624 Ethiopia
544 Nauru 625 Eritrea
546 French Polynesia 626 Gabonese Republic
548 Philippines 627 Ghana
553 Papua New Guinea 629 Gambia
555 Pitcairn Island 630 Guinea-Bissau
557 Solomon Islands 631 Equatorial Guinea
559 American Samoa 632 Guinea
561 Samoa 633 Burkina Faso
563-564 Singapore 634 Kenya
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635 Kerguelen Islands 701 Argentine Republic

636-637 Liberia 710 Brazil
642 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 720 Bolivia
644 Lesotho 725 Chile
645 Mauritius 730 Colombia
647 Madagascar 735 Ecuador
649 Mali 740 Falkland Islands
650 Mozambique 745 Guiana
654 Mauritania 750 Guyana
655 Malawi 755 Paraguay
656 Niger 760 Peru
657 Nigeria 765 Suriname
659 Namibia 770 Uruguay
660 Reunion 775 Venezuela
661 Rwandese Republic
662 Sudan 800-999 (not used)
663 Senegal
664 Seychelles
GLAD www.itu.int
665 Saint Helena
666 Somali
667 Sierra Leone
668 Sao Tome and Principe
669 Swaziland
670 Chad
671 Togolese Republic
672 Tunisia
674 Tanzania
675 Uganda
676 Congo
677 Tanzania
678 Zambia
679 Zimbabwe
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18.2 Callsign series 4XA-4XZ Israel

4YA-4YZ ICAO
0AA-0ZZ (not used)
4ZA-4ZZ Israel
1AA-1ZZ (not used)
5AA-5AZ Libyan
5BA-5BZ Cyprus
2AA-2ZZ United Kingdom
5CA-5GZ Morocco
5HA-5IZ Tanzania
3AA-3AZ Monaco
5JA-5KZ Colombia
3BA-3BZ Mauritius
5LA-5MZ Liberia
3CA-3CZ Equatorial Guinea
5NA-5OZ Nigeria
3DA-3DM Swaziland
5PA-5QZ Denmark
3DN-3DZ Fiji
5RA-5SZ Madagascar
3EA-3FZ Panama
5TA-5TZ Mauritania
3GA-3GZ Chile
5UA-5UZ Niger
3HA-3UZ China
5VA-5VZ Togolese
3VA-3VZ Tunisia
5WA-5WZ Samoa
3WA-3WZ Viet Nam
5XA-5XZ Uganda
3XA-3XZ Guinea
5YA-5ZZ Kenya
3YA-3YZ Norway
3ZA-3ZZ Poland
6AA-6BZ Egypt
6CA-6CZ Syrian
4AA-4CZ Mexico
6DA-6JZ Mexico
4DA-4IZ Philippines
6KA-6NZ Korea
4JA-4KZ Azerbaijan
6OA-6OZ Somali
4LA-4LZ Georgia
6PA-6SZ Pakistan
4MA-4MZ Venezuela
6TA-6UZ Sudan
4NA-4OZ Serbia, Montenegro
6VA-6WZ Senegal
4PA-4SZ Sri Lanka
6XA-6XZ Madagascar
4TA-4TZ Peru
6YA-6YZ Jamaica
4UA-4UZ United Nations
6ZA-6ZZ Liberia
4VA-4VZ Haiti
4WA-4WZ Timor-Leste
7AA-7IZ Indonesia
7JA-7NZ Japan
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7OA-7OZ Yemen A2A-A2Z Botswana

7PA-7PZ Lesotho A3A-A3Z Tonga
7QA-7QZ Malawi A4A-A4Z Oman
7RA-7RZ Algeria A5A-A5Z Bhutan
7SA-7SZ Sweden A6A-A6Z Arab Emirates
7TA-7YZ Algeria A7A-A7Z Qatar
7ZA-7ZZ Saudi Arabia A8A-A8Z Liberia
A9A-A9Z Bahrain
8AA-8IZ Indonesia AAA-ALZ USA
8JA-8NZ Japan AMA-AOZ Spain
8OA-8OZ Botswana APA-ASZ Pakistan
8PA-8PZ Barbados ATA-AWZ India
8QA-8QZ Maldives AXA-AXZ Australia
8RA-8RZ Guyana AYA-AZZ Argentine
8SA-8SZ Sweden
8TA-8YZ India BAA-BZZ China
8ZA-8ZZ Saudi Arabia
C2A-C2Z Nauru
9AA-9AZ Croatia C3A-C3Z Andorra
9BA-9DZ Iran C4A-C4Z Cyprus
9EA-9FZ Ethiopia C5A-C5Z Gambia
9GA-9GZ Ghana C6A-C6Z Bahamas
9HA-9HZ Malta C7A-C7Z WMO
9IA-9JZ Zambia C8A-C9Z Mozambique
9KA-9KZ Kuwait CAA-CEZ Chile
9LA-9LZ Sierra Leone CFA-CKZ Canada
9MA-9MZ Malaysia CLA-CMZ Cuba
9NA-9NZ Nepal CNA-CNZ Morocco
9OA-9TZ Congo COA-COZ Cuba
9UA-9UZ Burundi CPA-CPZ Bolivia
9VA-9VZ Singapore CQA-CUZ Portugal
9WA-9WZ Malaysia CVA-CXZ Uruguay
9XA-9XZ Rwandese CYA-CZZ Canada
9YA-9ZZ Trinidad, Tobago
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D2A-D3Z Angola H8A-H9Z Panama

D4A-D4Z Cape Verde HAA-HAZ Hungary
D5A-D5Z Liberia HBA-HBZ Switzerland
D6A-D6Z Comoros HCA-HDZ Ecuador
D7A-D9Z Korea HEA-HEZ Switzerland
DAA-DRZ Germany HFA-HFZ Poland
DSA-DTZ Korea HGA-HGZ Hungary
DUA-DZZ Philippines HHA-HHZ Haiti
HIA-HIZ Dominican Rep.
E2A-E2Z Thailand HJA-HKZ Colombia
E3A-E3Z Eritrea HLA-HMZ Korea
E4A-E4Z Palestinian HNA-HNZ Iraq
E5A-E5Z Cook Islands HOA-HPZ Panama
EAA-EHZ Spain HQA-HRZ Honduras
EIA-EJZ Ireland HSA-HSZ Thailand
EKA-EKZ Armenia HTA-HTZ Nicaragua
ELA-ELZ Liberia HUA-HUZ El Salvador
EMA-EOZ Ukraine HVA-HVZ Vatican
EPA-EQZ Iran HWA-HYZ France
ERA-ERZ Moldova HZA-HZZ Saudi Arabia
ESA-ESZ Estonia
ETA-ETZ Ethiopia IAA-IZZ Italy
EUA-EWZ Belarus
EXA-EXZ Kyrgyz J2A-J2Z Djibouti
EYA-EYZ Tajikistan J3A-J3Z Grenada
EZA-EZZ Turkmenistan J4A-J4Z Greece
J5A-J5Z Guinea-Bissau
FAA-FZZ France J6A-J6Z Saint Lucia
J7A-J7Z Dominica
GAA-GZZ United Kingdom J8A-J8Z St. Vincent, Grenad.
H2A-H2Z Cyprus JAA-JSZ Japan
H3A-H3Z Panama JTA-JVZ Mongolia
H4A-H4Z Solomon Islands JWA-JXZ Norway
H6A-H7Z Nicaragua JYA-JYZ Jordan
JZA-JZZ Indonesia
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KAA-KZZ USA S7A-S7Z Seychelles

L2A-L9Z Argentine S8A-S8Z South Africa
LAA-LNZ Norway S9A-S9Z Sao Tome, Principe
LOA-LWZ Argentine SAA-SMZ Sweden
LXA-LXZ Luxembourg SNA-SRZ Poland
LYA-LYZ Lithuania SSA-SSM Egypt
LZA-LZZ Bulgaria SSN-STZ Sudan
MAA-MZZ United Kingdom SUA-SUZ Egypt
NAA-NZZ USA SVA-SZZ Greece
OAA-OCZ Peru T2A-T2Z Tuvalu

ODA-ODZ Lebanon T3A-T3Z Kiribati
OEA-OEZ Austria T4A-T4Z Cuba
OFA-OJZ Finland T5A-T5Z Somali
OKA-OLZ Czech T6A-T6Z Afghanistan
OMA-OMZ Slovak T7A-T7Z San Marino
ONA-OTZ Belgium T8A-T8Z Palau
OUA-OZZ Denmark T9A-T9Z Bosnia, Herzegovina
TAA-TCZ Turkey
P2A-P2Z Papua New Guinea TDA-TDZ Guatemala
P3A-P3Z Cyprus TEA-TEZ Costa Rica
P4A-P4Z Aruba TFA-TFZ Iceland
P5A-P9Z Korea TGA-TGZ Guatemala
PAA-PIZ Netherlands THA-THZ France
PJA-PJZ Netherl. Antilles TIA-TIZ Costa Rica
PKA-POZ Indonesia TJA-TJZ Cameroon
PPA-PYZ Brazil TKA-TKZ France
PZA-PZZ Suriname TLA-TLZ Central Africa
TMA-TMZ France
RAA-RZZ Russia TNA-TNZ Congo
TOA-TQZ France
S2A-S3Z Bangladesh TRA-TRZ Gabonese
S5A-S5Z Slovenia TSA-TSZ Tunisia
S6A-S6Z Singapore TTA-TTZ Chad
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TUA-TUZ Cote d Ivoire XUA-XUZ Cambodia

TVA-TXZ France XVA-XVZ Viet Nam
TYA-TYZ Benin XWA-XWZ Lao
TZA-TZZ Mali XXA-XXZ Macao
XYA-XZZ Myanmar
UAA-UIZ Russian Federation Y2A-Y9Z Germany
UJA-UMZ Uzbekistan YAA-YAZ Afghanistan
UNA-UQZ Kazakhstan YBA-YHZ Indonesia
URA-UZZ Ukraine YIA-YIZ Iraq
YJA-YJZ Vanuatu
V2A-V2Z Antigua, Barbuda YKA-YKZ Syrian
V3A-V3Z Belize YLA-YLZ Latvia
V4A-V4Z Saint Kitts, Nevis YMA-YMZ Turkey
V5A-V5Z Namibia YNA-YNZ Nicaragua
V6A-V6Z Micronesia YOA-YRZ Romania
V7A-V7Z Marshall Islands YSA-YSZ El Salvador
V8A-V8Z Brunei Darussalam YTA-YUZ Serbia, Montenegro
VAA-VGZ Canada YVA-YYZ Venezuela
VHA-VNZ Australia YZA-YZZ Serbia, Montenegro
VOA-VOZ Canada
VPA-VQZ United Kingdom Z2A-Z2Z Zimbabwe
VRA-VRZ Hongkong Z3A-Z3Z Macedonia
VSA-VSZ United Kingdom ZAA-ZAZ Albania
VTA-VWZ India ZBA-ZJZ United Kingdom
VXA-VYZ Canada ZKA-ZMZ New Zealand
VZA-VZZ Australia ZNA-ZOZ United Kingdom
ZPA-ZPZ Paraguay
WAA-WZZ USA ZQA-ZQZ United Kingdom
ZRA-ZUZ South Africa
XAA-XIZ Mexico ZVA-ZZZ Brazil
XJA-XOZ Canada
GLAD www.itu.int
XPA-XPZ Denmark
XQA-XRZ Chile
XSA-XSZ China
XTA-XTZ Burkina Faso
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19 Maritime Radio Equipment

19.1 Manufacturer
Examples of manufacturers of maritime radio equipment.
19.1.1 EPIRB
ACR www.acrelectronics.com
GME www.gme.net.au
McMurdo www.mcmurdo.co.uk
Global-C www.navtec.de
Vector www.nationalrf.com
Tron www.jotron.com
SeaMarshall www.seamarshall.com
Kanad www.serpe-iesm.com
Standguard www.stanguard.com
19.1.2 MES
Furuno www.furuno.com
JRC www.jrc.co.jp
Thrane & Thrane Sailor www.thrane.com
19.1.3 NAVTEX
Frisnit www.frisnit.com
ICS www.icselectronics.co.uk
ISY www.isy-gmbh.de
JMC www.japan-marina.co.jp
JRC www.jrc.co.jp
Morer www.moerer.de
Nasa www.nasamarine.com
Trapp www.navtex.de
141
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19.1.4 RT DSC
Alan www.alan-germany.com
Barret www.barrettcommunications.com.au
Cobra www.cobra.com
DEBEG www.sam-electronics.de
Hagenuk Skanti www.hdw-hagenuk.de
ICOM www.icomeurope.com
JMC www.japan-marina.co.jp
JRC www.jrc.co.jp
M-Tech www.pony-electric.co.jp
Plastimo www.plastimo.de
President www.president-electronics.com
Raymarine www.raymarine.com
Ross www.l-3com.com
Sailor www.thrane.com
SAM Electronics DEBEG www.stnatlas.nl
Samyung www.samyungenc.com
Silva www.silva.se
Simrad www.simradyachting.com
Standard www.standardhorizon.com
Thrane & Thrane Sailor www.thrane.com
Uniden www.uniden.com
19.1.5 SART
ACR www.acrelectronics.com
Tron www.jotron.com
Samyung www.samyungenc.com
Simrad www.simrad.com
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19.2 Simulator
Boatdriver www.boatdriver.ch
COAA www.coaa.co.uk
e-GOC www.e-goc.com
HB9RXC hb9rxc.tripod.com
IC-Soft www-ic-soft.info
Mercator www.mercator-publishing.com
Transas www.transas.com
TransOceana www.transoceana.com
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20 Abbreviations
AAIC Accounting Authority Identification Code
AC Alternating Current
AF Audio Frequency (=NF)
Ah Ampere hours
AIS Automatic Identification System
ALRS Admiralty List of Radio Signals
AOR-E Atlantic Ocean Region Est
AOR-W Atlantic Ocean Region West
ARQ Automatic Reception Request
ASM At Sea Maintainance
ATIS Automatic Transmitter Identification System
(inland waterways)
BAKOM Bundesamt fur Kommunikation (Switzerland)
BFO Beat Frequency Oscillator
BIC Beacon Identification Code
BMVIT Bundesministerium fur Verkehr, Innovation
und Technologie (Austria)
BNetzA Bundes Netzagentur (Germany)
BSH Bundesamt fur Seeschifffahrt und Hydrografie
CEPT European Conference of
Postal and Telecommunications Administrations
CES Coast Earth Stations (=LES)
CG Coast Guard
COG Course Over Ground
COLREG Collision Regulations (=KVR)
COMSAR Communication SAR
COSPAS Cosmicheskaya Sistyema Poiska Avariynich Sudov
CQ all stations
CS Coast Station
CRS Coast Radio Station
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DC Direct Current
DE this is
DGPS Differential GPS
DGzRS Deutsche Gesellschaft zur Rettung Schiffbruchiger
DMG Distress Message Generator
DMYV Deutscher Motor-Yacht Verband
DNIC Data Network Identification Code
DOE Duplication Of Equipment
DSC Digital Selective Calling
DSV Deutscher Segler-Verband
DTG Date and Time Group DDHHMM
DW Dual Watch
DX long distance
ECS Electronic Charting System
ECDIS Electronic Chart Display Information System
EGC Enhanced Group Call
EHF Extra High Frequency
ELF Extreme Low Frequency
ELT Emergency Locator Transmitter
ENID EGC Network Identification code
EPIRB Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon
ERO European Radio Office
ETA Estimated Time of Arrival
ETE Estimated Time Enroute
ETD Estimated Time of Departure
F1B digital frequency modulation
FEC Forward Error Correction
FMB Fernmeldebehorde (Austria)
FSK Frequency Shift Keying
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G2B digital subcarrier phase modulation

G3E analog phone phase modulation
GEOSAR Geostationary Earth Orbit Search And Rescue
GFR Goldfranken
GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System
GOC General Operator Certification
GPS Global Positioning System
GRT Gross ton 1 GRT = 12 f eet3
HF High Frequency
IAMSAR International Aeronautical and Maritime
Search and Rescue
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organisation
IHO International Hydrographic Organisation
IMN INMARSAT Mobile Number
IMO International Maritime Organization
INMARSAT International Maritime Satellite
IOR Indic Ocean Region
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
ITU International Telecommunication Union (=UIT)
JachtZulVO Jachtzulassungsverordnung (Austria)
LEOSAR Low Earth Orbit Search And Rescue
LES Land Earth Station (=CES)
LF Low Frequency
LORAN Long Range Navigation
LRC Long Range Certification
LRIT Long Range Identification and Tracking
LSB Lower Side Band
LT Local Time
LUT Local User Terminal
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MARS Maritime mobile Access and Retrieval System

MAYDAY RT distress signal
MCC Mission Control Centre
MCA Maritime and Coastguard Agency
MES Mobile Earth Station (=SES)
MF Medium Frequency
MID Maritime Identification Digit
MSN Merchant Shipping Notice
MARS Maritime mobile Access and Retrieval System
MOB Man Over Board
MMSI Maritime Mobile Service Identify
MPDS Mobile Packet Data Service
MRCC Maritime Rescue Co-ordination Centre
MRSC Maritime Rescue Sub Centre
MSN Maritime Safety Note
MSI Maritime Safety Information
NAVAREA Navigational Area
NAVTEX Naval Text
NBDP Narrow Band Direct Printing
NOAA National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration
NX navigational information
OCC Operation Control Centre
OFCOM Office for communication (UK)
OSB Oberste Schifffahrts Behorde (Austria)
OSC On-Scene Commander
PAN PAN RT urgency signal
PLB Personal Locator Beacon
PM Phase Modulation
POB Person Over Board
POR Pacific Ocean Region
PSDN Public Switched Data Network
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
PTT Push To Talk
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RADAR Radio Aided Detection And Ranging

RCC Rescue Co-ordination Centre
RDF Radio Direction Finding
ROC Restricted Operator Certification
RR Radio Regulations
RRR Received Mayday
RT Radio Telephone
RTE Radar Target Enhancer
RTTY Radio Tele Typing
RX Receiver
SA Selective Availability
SAC Special Access Code
SAR Search And Rescue
SARSAT Search And Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking
SART Search And Rescue Transponder
SATCOM Satellite Communication
SBM Shore Based Maintenance
SDR Special Drawing Right
SECURITE RT safety signal
SES Ship Earth Station (=MES)
SHF Super High Frequency
SILENCE RT radio silence
SOG Speed Over Ground
SOS Safe Our Souls
SOLAS Safety Of Life At Sea
SQ Squelch
SRC Short Range Certificate
SRR Search and Rescue Region
SS Ship Station
SSB Single Side Band
STCW Standards of Training, Certification
and Watchkeeping of seafarers
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TL Traffic List
TR Travel Report
TSS Traffic Separation Scheme)
TX Transmitter
UBI Deutsches UKW Binnenfunkzeugnis (Germany)
UBZ UKW Betriebszeugnis (Austria)
UHF Ultra High Frequency
UIT Union Internationale des Telecommunications (=ITU)
UN United Nations
USB Upper Side Band
UTC Universal Time Coordinated
VC Volume Control
VDU Video Display Unit
VFO Variable Frequency Oscillator
VHF Very High Frequency
VLF Very Low Frequency
VTS Vessel Traffic Service
WMO World Meteorological Organisation
WRC World Radio Conference
WWNWS World Wide Navigational Warning Service
WX weather information
ZX time information
149

GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator

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GMDSS Maritime Radio Operator

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GMDSS

Maritime Radio Operator

All rights reserved.

photo: Michael Schallhart

I Short Range Certificate

1 Global Maritime Distress and Safety System GMDSS 12

2 VHF Maritime Mobile Radio 19

2.3.4 Duplex ship to shore . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

3 Emergency Position Indicating

4 Search And Rescue Transponder SART 42

5 Naval Text NAVTEX 43

II Restricted Operator Certificate

III Long Range Certificate

9 MF/HF Maritime Mobile Radio 56

9.8.1 MF/HF DSC routine calling . . . . . . . . . 66

10 SAT-C Mobile Earth Station MES 67

IV General Operator Certificate

12 MF/HF Maritime Mobile Radio 80

13 SAT-B/M Mobile Earth Station MES 82

14 Fleet 77/55/33 Mobile Earth Station 85

15 Operation Performance Test OPT 89

16 Mock questions 109

19 Maritime Radio Equipment 141

1. Maritime Mobile VHF Radio Telephone RT communications

(a) General principles and basic features

2. Detailed working knowledge of radio equipment

(a) VHF radio installation

3. Operational procedures of the GMDSS

(a) Search and Rescue SAR procedures

4. Operational procedures and regulations

(a) Ability to exchange communications relevant to SOLAS

1 Global Maritime Distress and Safety System

1.1.1 Safety Of Life At Sea SOLAS

The IMO is a specialized agency of the United Nations UN and based

1.1.2 Radio Regulations RR

ITU is a specialized agency of the United Nations UN and based in

1.2 Shorebased system

fig. 2: UK GMDSS sea areas

A3 International Maritime Satellite INMARSAT

1.2.2 Master Plan

Rescue Co-ordination Centres RCC

GMDSS Master Plan www.imo.org

1.2.3 Search And Rescue SAR

Examples of national SAR organisations:

Every SAR organisation is responsible for a defined Search and Rescue

1.3 Shipborne system

Austria: by law (JachtZulVO) www.ris.bka.gv.at

all areas radio receiver

Germany: recommended (Sicherheitsrichtlinien) www.dsv.de

all areas radio or NAVTEX receiver

all areas SSB radio receiver

all areas VHF handheld

All equipment must comply with regulations of the European Union

1.3.2 Ship radio licence

It is containing ships and owner identification, list of radio equipment

1.3.3 Radio operator certificate

On small crafts used for pleasure or fishing normally the minimum

The operator must hold an authority to operate by the shipmaster.

National radio operator certificate licencing administrations:

1.3.4 Radio secrecy

1.3.5 Accounting Authority

Ship stations need a contract with AAIC for public correspondences,

AAIC: 2 letters (country) + 2 numbers (company):