Hfe Sep 2017

highfrequencyelectronics.
com SEPTEMBER2017
Using Component Models

to Achieve First-Pass
Success Part 2: Power
Amplifier Design
IN THIS ISSUE:
Meetings and Events: Featuring

WIM Events
In the News: Hurricane Harvey

Relief; a New Wave in Radio
Technology
Market Reports: Global Satellite

Transponder Market Growing
Ideas for Todays Engineers: Analog Digital RF Microwave MM-Wave Lightwave

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507 rev G
SEPTEMBER2017
highfrequencyelectronics.com Vol. 16 No.9
20
61.38
Pwr = 22 dBm
61.32
Pwr = 22 dBm
65
22: Feature Article
15 55
Power (dBm). Efficiency (%) Using High Accuracy Models to Achieve First Pass Design
Success - A Transmitter Case Study: Part 2, Power Amplifier
Gain (dB)
10 45
10.77 dB 10.73 dB
Output Power (R, dBm)
Design
Pwr = 22 dBm Pwr = 22 dBm
Efficiency (R)
5 Gain (L) 35
32.99 dBm
Pwr = 22 dBm
32.95 dBm
Pwr = 22 dBm By Ted Longshore and Larry Dunleavy
0 25
1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8
Frequency (GHz)
Utilizing non-linear transistor models enables the concurrent
optimization of gain, power, efficiency, and modulation linearity over
the desired operational bandwidth and temperature in cascaded
transistor amplifiers. The expense of the required non-linear models
is discussed on the basis of cost savings, shortened development
schedule, and improved designer productivity.
This two-part article presents a case study in simulation-based
RF/Microwave design, using as an example a transmitter design.
Part 1 focused on a harmonic filter design using advanced linear
component models. Part 2 illustrates how the use of accurate, non-
linear power transistor models can facilitate successful design flows
40
32.45 dBm 32.83 dBm for transmitter power amplifier designs. A two stage telemetry
30
32.11 32.25 amplifier was successfully designed in a single pass using NI AWR
Output Power (dBm)
20
Design Environment software Microwave Office circuit simulation,
10
Simulated Output vs.8 dBm Input Power (dBm) Microwave Global Models as included in the Modelithics CLR
Library, and a non-linear transistor model, as included in the
Measured Output vs.8 dBm Input Power
0
-10
1800000000 2000000000 2200000000 2400000000 2600000000 2800000000
Modelithics-Qorvo GaN Library.
Frequency (Hz)
16: F
eatured Products 42: P
roduct Highlights 6: Editorial
Including Analog Devices, MACOM, Featuring SAGE Millimeter, Scott Spencer on the upcoming
CPI, National Instruments, Aether- Skyworks, Radiall, Southwest European Microwave Week in
comm, Barry Industries, Boonton, Microwave, Ciao Wireless, LadyBug Nuremberg.
and more. Technologies, and more.
8 Meetings & Events 12 In the News 42 Product Highlights
16 Featured Products 64 Advertiser Index
4 High Frequency Electronics

Editorial
Vol. 16 No. 9 September 2017
Publisher
Scott Spencer
EuMW 2017 Returns to
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Associate Publisher/Managing Editor
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Senior Technical Editor Publisher
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Editorial Advisors: 20th EuMW, the precursor, the European Microwave Conference, began as
Ali Abedi, Ph.D. a biennial event in London in 1969. With each meeting the conference grew
Candice Brittain
in importance.
Paul Carr, Ph.D.
Alen Fezjuli In 1974 the name was changed to EuMC to avoid confusion with the
Roland Gilbert, Ph.D. Electromagnetic Compatibility Symposia (EMC). That same year began
Sherry Hess
the involvement of the British company Microwave Exhibitors and
Thomas Lambalot
John Morelli Publishers Ltd., and the EuMC became an annual event with professional
Karen Panetta, Ph.D. management and an industry exhibition. By 1997 the EuMC had created
Jeffrey Pawlan, Ph.D.
the European Microwave Association (EuMA), an international nonprofit
Business Office association. Soon a decision was made organize a European Microwave
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Beginning in 1927 and leading medical engineering, logistics, and gram, short courses, workshops, and
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an important location for military
production, including aircraft, sub-
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ly bombed by Royal Air Force and
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Powerful Multipath/Link
hour 90% of the city was destroyed.
By April the city was captured by
US forces after an intense, four-day
Emulator
battle. At the end of the war the
citys Palace of Justice was chosen as
the location for an International Multipath Rayleigh & Rician Fading
Hz h
Military Tribunal -- the Nuremberg
Unmanned Arial Vehicle (UAV) testing
0 M idt
Trials.
Sophisticated Satellite link emulation 5
2 dw
Reconstruction n
During the post-war period much
Mobile Comms on the move testing
ba
of the city was rebuilt and partially Test solutions for ....
restored to its pre-war appearance,
including the reconstruction of some
WIN-T - warfare information networks, tactical
of its medieval buildings. In recent MUOS - mobile user objective system
times, Nuremberg has taken advan-
tage of its central location within the JTRS - Joint Tactical Radio System
European economic region and from
the EU Eastern expansion. Like
IRIS - Internet routing in space
many metropolitan areas in the US, MET - Modernization Enterprise Terminal
Nuremberg with its 500,000 inhabit-
ants, is the center of a conurbation of
about 2.5 million people, including
cities like Furth, Erlangen, Bamberg,
Bayreuth, and Wrzburg. Nuremberg
is considered a leading high-tech Software showing mobile link setup
center in the Bavarian region where
the major part of the German RF &
microwave industry is based.
Companies like Siemens, Bosch,
Semikron, and others are located in
Nuremberg along with universities,
technical universities, and colleges.
The Fraunhofer Institute for
Integrated Circuits is recognized dBmCorp, Inc
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Get info at www.HFeLink.com
Meetings and Events
EDI CON 2017

September 11 - 13, 2017 Company-Sponsored
Boston
ediconusa.com
Training & Tools
Analog Devices
IEEE North Jersey One-Day Symposium and Exhibit
Training, tutorials and seminars.
05 Oct 2017
http://www.analog.com/en/training-tutorials-semi-
Hanover, NJ
nars/resources/index.html
kdixit@microcomsales.com, Kirit Dixit, 201-669-7599
NI AWR
2017 47th European Microwave Conference (EuMC)
On-site and online training, and open training courses on
08 Oct - 12 Oct 2017
design software.
Nuremberg, Germany
http://www.awrcorp.com/news/trainings
eumweek.com/conferences/e
National Instruments
IEEE CLASTECH 2017
LabVIEW Core 1
20 Oct 2017
Online
Los Angeles
http://sine.ni.com/tacs/app/fp/p/ap/ov/pg/1/
c.jackson@ieee.org
LabVIEW Core 2
Asia Pacific Microwave Conference 2017 Online
Nov 13 - 16, 2017 http://sine.ni.com/tacs/app/fp/p/ap/ov/pg/1/
Kuala Lumpur Object-Oriented Design and Programming in LabVIEW
apmc2017.org Online
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2017 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and RF Free, online LabVIEW training for students and teachers.
Conference (IMaRC) http://sine.ni.com/nievents/app/results/p/country/
11 Dec - 13 Dec 2017 us/type/webcasts/
Ahmedabad, India
imarc-ieee.org/
Women in Microwaves Events
2018 IEEE Radio Wireless Symposium
Communications: Past, Present, and Future
Jan 15 - 18, 2018
EuMW
Garden Grove, CA
8 - 13 Oct 2017
radiowirelessweek.org
Nuremberg, Germany
IEEE Wireless and Microwave Technology Confer- sherry.hess.us@ieee.org
ence (WAMICON) COMCAS 2017
April 3 4, 2018 13 - 15 Nov 2017
wamicon.org Tel Aviv
sherry.hess.us@ieee.org
IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Microwaves
for Intelligent Mobility 2018 (ICMIM 2018)
April 16 17, 2018
Munich
http://icmim-ieee.org/
HFEs October Issue
Interconnects
Mil-Spec
Network Analyzers
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Market Reports
Necessity in Remote Areas Drives Growth in Enterprise 3D Printing Strengthens Position
the Global Satellite Transponder Market in Aerospace and Looks Set to Expand into
Theglobal satellite transponder marketis experienc- Other Industries
ing modest but steady growth. An increase in adoption in In a recent B2B technology survey, ABI Research finds
remote regions, need for back-up and emergency technol- that 44% of manufacturing companies currently have 3D
ogy, new high bandwidth, and advancements in areas like printers in operation, however, most of these deployments
in-flight communications, maritime communications, as are for prototyping purposes only. This is set to change
well as certain military applications, are factors propel- over the next ten years as the Federal Aviation
ling growth. To succeed in a mature and competitive eco- Administration (FAA) and the European Aviation Safety
system, players must harness opportunities in high- Agency (EASA) approve more 3D-printed parts for use in
growth regions and solve complex integration challenges. commercial jet engines, and additive manufacturing (AM)
Frost & Sullivan recent analysis,Global Satellite specialists continue to innovate for production scale
Transponder Market, Forecast to 2023, reveals the implementation in other industries.
market is projected to grow at a compound annual Aerospace original equipment manufacturers (OEMs),
growth rate (CAGR) of 2.9 percent from 2016 to hospitals, dentists, and their suppliers already benefit
2023. Even with a low growth rate, the market will from practical 3D Printing use cases, says Pierce Owen,
account for $2.71 billion more in 2023 than in 2016, Principal Analyst at ABI Research. Now, innovation from
therefore causing market competition to remain both established and new entry specialists will create
strong. more use cases in more industries on a scale not seen
The majority of growth in the satellite transponder before. Even if AM does not make sense for mass produc-
market is expected to come from new high-bandwidth, tion, distributed manufacturing platforms that provide
Ka-Band and Ku-Band transponder/bandwidth leasing, access to 3D printers close to end users, will empower
saysFrost & Sullivan Satellite Communications Industry almost all manufacturers to explore using AM for replace-
Analyst Peter Finalle. Ka-Band satellite technology ment parts on-demand.
offers premium performance and a higher quality of ser- The U.S. aerospace and defense industries will
vice than terrestrial networks. These capabilities are make up a large chunk of AM growth over the next
driving deployment and adoption rates in regions with ten years, producing additive manufactured parts
robust landline and cellular networks. and products with a value of US$17.8 billion in
From a regional perspective: 2026, due to the sheer size of the American aero-
China, India, and much of Latin America (LATAM) space industry and its defense budget. GE Additive
will continue driving satellite transponder leasing adop- and GE Aviation already 3D print fuel nozzles for
tion rates due to booming economies and need for addi- the LEAP jet engines designed for the commercial
tional network connectivity; aircraft of Airbus, Boeing and the Commercial
Africa and most of Asia-Pacific (APAC) do not have Aircraft Corporation of China (Comac).
robust landline or cellular coverage and would benefit Beyond aerospace, Stratasyss PolyJet modelling has
from large-scale satellite adoption for use as cellular proven particularly effective in producing anatomical
backhaul or to connect schools, hospitals, emergency models for surgical planning. Because PolyJet modelling
response teams, and local government agencies; and can use multiple materials and colors, it can produce cus-
Growth of satellite backhaul remains low in tomized models with bones of the correct density and tis-
Europe, North America, and the Middle East sues with accurate vascular structures. Also, adoption
because of existing network infrastructures in will pick up in footwear, where Adidas will use Carbons
populated locations. North America and Europe, in AM systems for mid-soles in thousands of shoes and Nike
particular, have substantial cellular coverage, with will use HPs for spikes on track and football cleats.
most countries in these regions reaching a point of While certain industries have already embraced 3D
presence (POP) coverage of 99 percent. Printing technology, to have widespread appeal, other sec-
The modernization of the US Air Force and Navy will tors will have to redesign both products and supply
require satellite transponder leasing for a more techno- chains with the help of AM engineering consultants and
logically equipped military, notedFinalle. Lengthy front-line workers, and AM specialists will have to build
contracts and ongoing political tensions worldwide will machines that work faster and cheaper, concludes Owen.
ensure continued spending. ABI Research
abiresearch.com
Frost & Sullivan
frost.com

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In the News
The same situational awareness regarding the ever-chang-
Hurricane Harvey Relief ing composition of RF signals in any given space should
also support a wireless communications management
HFEs friends at National Instruments, Austin, paradigm known as spectrum sharing. Thats a paradigm
Tex., have suggested that donations for Hurricane of shared spectrum use rather than the current practice of
Harvey relief be directed to the American Red exclusiveallocations governed by license agreements for
Cross (redcross.org). Easy ways to donate include: specific frequencies. Tilghman is hoping to develop tech-
Donate $10 to Red Cross relief efforts by tex- nologies to understand the current state of the spectrum
ting HARVEY to 90999. The tax-deductible for improved and extensive spectrum sharingwhich can
$10 donation will appear on your next phone greatly expand the wireless communications capacity of
bill. the electromagnetic spectrumboth in the RFMLS pro-
Donate to the Salvation Army online or by gram as well as in another major DARPA effort known as
texting STORM to 51555. theSpectrum Collaboration Challenge.
Donate the United Way of Greater Houston
flood relief fund, which will help with immedi- AIs first and ongoing wave consists of expert systems that
ate and long-term recovery, through its web- rigidly codify human expertise and decision-making in pre-
site or by texting UWFLOOD to 41444. dictable, rule-driven domains, such as simple game play-
ing, tax preparation, and industrial process control. Such
*** expert systems also have been deployed in RF contexts
where, for example, engineers have been able to specify
The Radio Frequency Spectrum + Machine in computer code the rigid rules used by radios to switch
Learning = A New Wave in Radio to unused frequencies when they encounter interference.
Technology While effective, these systems have little understanding
The current wave of artificial intelligence, driven by of whats actually happening in the spectrum. RF applica-
machine learning (ML) techniques, is all the rage, and for tions of the second and emerging machine-learning wave
good reason. With sufficient training on digitized writing, of AI should yield far more agile and versatile capabilities:
spoken words, images, video streams, and other digital an RFML system, with a sufficiently rich training set of RF
content, ML has become the basis of voice recognition, self- data, should be able to identify an enormous range of both
driving cars, and other previously only-imagined capabili- known and previously unseen RF waveforms.
ties. As billions of phones, appliances, drones, traffic lights,
security systems, environmental sensors, and other radio- The RFMLS program features four technical components
connected devices sum into a rapidly growing Internet of that would integrate into future RFML systems:
Things (IoT), there now is a need to apply ML to the invis-
ible realm of radio frequency (RF) signals, according to pro- Feature Learning:From data sets of RF signals, RFML
gram manager Paul Tilghman of DARPAs Microsystems systems will need to learn the characteristics used to
Technology Office. To further that cause, DARPA today identify and characterize signals in various civilian and
announced its new Radio Frequency Machine Learning military settings.
Systems (RFMLS) program.
Attention and Saliency:Just as people can quickly
What I am imagining is the ability of an RF Machine direct their attention for a needed goalfinding ice cream
Learning system to see and understand the compo- in a huge supermarket, for exampleamidst the morass
sition of the radio frequency spectrum the kinds of of sensory input coming in at every moment, an RFML
signals occupying it, differentiating those that are system will need to include algorithms for directing its
important from the background, and identifying artificial attention to what is potentially important in
those that dont follow the rules, said Tilghman. He the RF spectrum it is operating in. Researchers who win
would want that same system to be able to discern contracts to work on the RFMLS program will need to
subtle but inevitable differences in the RF signals devise an equivalent within the RF domain of our own
from what otherwise are identical, mass-manufac- so-called salience detection, that is, the ability to identify
tured IoT devices and to distinguish these from sig- and recognize important visual and auditory stimuli. The
nals intended to spoof or hack into these devices. presence of a communications signal in a frequency band
We want to be able to understand and trust what is usually devoted to radar signals would be an example of
happening in the Internet of Things and to stand up a signal-of-interest that an RFMLSs salience-detection
an RF forensics capability to identify unique and capability would have to notice.
peculiar signals amongst the proverbial cocktail
party of signals out there, said Tilghman. Autonomous RF Sensor Configuration:Our eyes
automatically adjust to changing light levels and they
Planar Monolithics Industries, Inc.
Miniature DLVA, ERDLVA & SDLVAs
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Amplifiers Solid State
Model: ERDLVA-218-CW-LPD: Model: PLVA-500M18G-50:
Attenuators Variable/ http://www.pmi-rf.com/Products/dlva/ http://www.pmi-rf.com/Products/dlva/
Programmable ERDLVA-218-CW-LPD.htm PLVA-500M18G-50.htm
Couplers (Quadrature, Package Size: 2.0 x 1.7 x 0.5 Package Size: 2.2 x 1.5 x 0.4
180 & Directional) (Hermetically sealed) DC Voltage: +12 V @ 75 mA
DC Voltage: +10.8 V @ 153 mA -12 V @ 75 mA
Detectors RF/Microwave -10.8 V @ 53 mA Connectors: SMA Female
DLVAs, ERDLVAs Connectors: SMA Female
& SDLVAs
DTOs, VCOs, PLO, DROs, Specification ERDLVA-218-CW-LPD PLVA-500M18G-50
& Frequency Synthesizers Frequency Range 2.0 to 18.0 GHz 0.5 to 18.0 GHz
Filters & Switched Flatness 2.0 dB Max. - Measured 1.42 dB 1.0 dB Max. - Measured 0.6 dB
Filter Banks VSWR 2.0:1 Max. - Measured 1.82:1 3.0:1 Max. - Measured 2.8:1
Form, Fit, Functional TSS -64 dBm Min. - Measured -65 dBm -42 dBm Min. - Measured -43 dBm
Products & Services Logging Range -60 to +4 dBm -40 dBm to +0 dBm
Frequency Discriminators 77 mV/dB (5 mV)
Log Slope 50 mV/dB - Measured 50.1 mV/dB
& IFMs Measured 74.19mV/dB @ 10 GHz
Integrated MIC/MMIC 0.5 dB Max. (+25 C),
1.5 dB (-20 C to +85 C) Max.
Log Linearity 1.0 dB Average (-54 C to +85C)
Assemblies (IMAs) Measured 0.75 dB
- Measured 0.8 @ -54 C to +85
IQ Vector Modulators Video Output Range -0.5 V (-60 dBm) < RF IN < 5.5V (4 dBm) 0 to 2.5 V (50 Ohms minimum load)
Limiters RF/Microwave
Model: PS-360-3237-8-292FF: SDLVA-2020-70 OPT.0518,A03,A07-50OHM:
Log Amplifiers http://www.pmi-rf.com/Products/dlva/ http://www.pmi-rf.com/Products/SDLVA/SDLVA-
Millimeter Wave DLVA-18G40G-42-50-CD-1.htm 2020-70OPT.0518A03A07-50OHM.htm
Components
(Up to 50 GHz)
Package Size: 1.9 x 1.7 0.4 Package Size: 3.0 x 3.5 x 0.5
Miscellaneous Products DC Voltage: +15 VDC @ 20 mA DC Voltage: +15 V @ 450 mA
-15 VDC @ 10 mA -15 VDC @ 100 mA
Multifunction Integrated Connectors: 2.92mm Female Connectors: SMA Female
Assemblies (MIAs)
Phase Shifters & Bi-Phase
Modulators SDLVA-2020-70 OPT.0518,A03,
Specification DLVA-18G40G-42-50-CD-1
A07-50OHM
Power Dividers/Combiners 18.0 to 40.0 GHz (Operational)
(Passive & Active) Frequency Range
30.0 to 31.0 GHz (Full Performance)
0.5 to 18 GHz
Pulse Modulators (SPST) 0.25 dB @ -23 dBm 2.0 dB Typ (0.5 to 18 GHz)
Flatness
Measured 0.1 dB Measured 1.20 dB
Rack & Chassis Mount
Products 3.0:1 (0.5 to 18.0 GHz @ -20 dBm)
VSWR 1.5:1 Max - Measured 1.18:1
Measured 1.60:1
Receiver Front Ends -65 dBm Min (8 to 18 GHz)
& Transceivers TSS -34 dBm @ 25 C - Measured -39.8 dBm
Measured -68.5 dBm
SDLVAs, ERDLVAs Logging Range -32 to +10 dBm
-65 dBm to +5 dBm
& DLVAs Measured >-65 to +5 dBm
20 mV/dB (10% Tolerance)
Single Side Band Log Slope 50 + 3 mV/dB - Measured 51.83 mV/dB
Measured 20.3 mV/dB
Modulators Log Linearity 0.5 dB - Measured +0.4 / -0.35 dB 1.75 dB Max (-65 dBm to +5 dBm)
SMT & QFN Products
Nurnberg Convention Center, Antenna Measurement Techniques Association
Switch Matrices Nuremberg, Germany Grand Hyatt Atlanta Hotel, Atlanta, GA
October 8th - 13th, 2017 October 15 20, 2017
Switched Filter Banks Booth #220 Booth# TBD
www.eumweek.com http://www.amta2017.org
Switches Solid State
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Other Products: Detectors,
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and issues. a user perspective to Aethercomms
Made in U.S.A ISO -----
Certified business development and market-
Stuart can be reached at stuart@ ing efforts. Dan is a graduate of the
highfrequencyelectronics.com or 508- United States Naval Academy with
155 Baytech Drive, San Jose, CA 95134 655-6902. a degree in Systems Engineering
Tel: (408) 941-8399 . Fax: (408) 941-8388
Email: Info@herotek.com and holds an MBA from Norwich
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Mini-Circuits

565Rev-Orig
Models
Using High Accuracy Models

to Achieve First Pass Design
Success - A Transmitter Case
Study: Part 2, Power Amplifier
Design
By Ted Longshore and Larry Dunleavy
Abstract
Utilizing non-linear transistor models enables the concurrent optimization of gain, power,
efficiency, and modulation linearity over the desired operational bandwidth and temperature
in cascaded transistor amplifiers. The expense of the required non-linear
This two-part article models is discussed on the basis of cost savings, shortened development
presents a case study schedule, and improved designer productivity.
in simulation-based
RF/Microwave design Introduction
This two-part article presents a case study in simulation-based RF/
Microwave design, using as an example a transmitter design. Part 1
focused on a harmonic filter design using advanced linear component
models1. Part 2 illustrates how the use of accurate, non-linear power transistor models can
facilitate successful design flows for transmitter power amplifier designs. A two stage telem-
etry amplifier was successfully designed in a single pass using NI AWR Design Environment
software Microwave Office circuit simulation, Microwave Global Models as included in the
Modelithics CLR Library, and a non-linear transistor model, as included in the Modelithics-
Qorvo GaN Library2.
Non-linear models, load-pull power device data, and/or X-parameter-based3 models for
active devices, are provided by many device manufacturers, but not all devices have suitably
accurate models or data available for first pass design success. There is also a cost required
to develop accurate models, whether the needed model is provided by the manufacturer, devel-
oped in-house by the design group, or developed by a third-party model provider4,5. In addition
to the technical aspects of the amplifier design example, this treatment includes a cost/ben-
efit analysis of the required models provided through an example Return on Investment
(ROI) calculation6. While the transistor model used in this example is available for free to the
designer, our ROI analysis discusses the ROI scenario assuming a custom non-linear model
needed to be contracted.
PA Design Approaches
Designing a power amplifier requires trading off gain vs. power, efficiency vs. linearity, and
return loss vs. bandwidth7,8. Matching a non-linear amplifier to load-pull derived source (Zs)
and load (Zl) target impedances is straightforward for designing a narrow band, single stage

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Models
The Largest Selection
of Waveguide
Components For
Same-Day Shipping TGF2965-SM Bandpass TGF2965-SM Harmonic
Driver Stage Filter Final Stage Filter
Figure 1 Transmitter Amplifier Block Diagram.
amplifier at a single bias point, but significantly more difficult when opti-
mizing a multistage broadband amplifier.
Waveguide Bandpass Waveguide
Filters Detectors Assuming a non-linear device model is available for the transistor(s) of
interest, RF and microwave computer-aided-engineering (CAE) tools such
as Keysights ADS or NI AWR Design Environment can accurately simu-
late non-linear circuits, facilitating the design of the input and output
matching circuits to optimize gain, output power, efficiency, modulation
linearity, and even harmonic levels across the entire frequency band.
Waveguide Power Waveguide
Amplifiers Sections Unfortunately, few manufacturers supply non-linear models for all of their
devices, leaving the engineer to decide whether to develop his own non-
linear model, or rely on the Zs and Zl provided in the device datasheet and
then build and optimize the prototype on the bench. When using the load-
pull Zs/Zl approach, the design and development of a new transmitter
typically involves building a prototype and two or more revisions of the
Waveguide Standard Waveguide
Gain Horns Terminations complete PCB, with a total development period that may be as long as 12
months. In-house development of a non-linear model requires specialized
equipment, expertise and time. Another alternative is to contract a custom
non-linear transistor model to be developed by a third party model pro-
vider.
Waveguide Variable
Attenuators
Waveguide to Coax
Adapters
Amplifier Example
The requirements for the medium power telemetry transmitter exam-
ple to be examined here include a frequency range of 2200 to 2400 MHz,
minimum output power of 1 W at 85C, and maximum current draw of 300
mA at 12 V. Adding the insertion loss of the harmonic filter1 and desired
design margin, yields a final stage output power design goal of 32 dBm at
Flexible Waveguide Up/Down 25C. Because the shaped offset QPSK (SOQPSK) modulation for this
Waveguide Converters
application is constant amplitude, the amplifier is operated in a com-
pressed mode. The allowable size for the complete transmitter is 2.8 in2,
with 0.5 in2 allocated to the driver and final stage RF circuitry.
The Qorvo TGF2965-SM, which is an input matched 32 V GaN transis-
tor rated at 6.0 W was chosen for this application. The small size and inte-
Frequencies from L-band to W-band grated input match on this device are important to meeting the stringent
Leading Edge Performance size requirements of this transmitter, and the surface mount package
Sizes from WR-10 to WR-430 facilitates manufacturing. This transistor provides margin if the output
power requirements increase in the future. For even higher power future
High Precision Machining
applications, the 10 W TGF3015-SM can be substituted for the TGF2965-
Multiple Flange Styles SM, thereby leveraging this design effort for additional product offerings.
All In-Stock and Ready to Ship Accurate non-linear models for both of these transistors are included along
with about 55 other models in the Modelithics-Qorvo-GaN Library2.
Because of its small size, high gain, and low current consumption, the
TGF2965-SM was also chosen for the driver stage on this transmitter. This
is overkill for this 1 W application, but works well for it when operated at
a lower supply voltage. It is also appropriate for a higher power 6 W version
Get info at www.HFeLink.com described below when operated at the recommended supply voltage. This

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Models
20 65
61.38 61.32
15 55
Power (dBm). Efficiency (%)

Gain (dB)
10 45
10.77 dB 10.73 dB
Output Power (R, dBm) Pwr = 22 dBm Pwr = 22 dBm
Efficiency (R)
5 Gain (L) 35
32.99 dBm 32.95 dBm

0 25
1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8
Frequency (GHz)
Figure 3 Final Stage Gain, Output Power, Efficiency at Vdd = 12 V, Pin +16 to +22 dBm.
design also incorporates a bandpass filter to reduce the final stage input and output match was optimized for
transmit noise level at GPS L1 and L2 bands (Figure 1). performance across the 2200 2400 MHz operating
bandwidth using the AWR DE Harmonic Balance
Zs/Zl Data-Based Final Stage Design Effort HBTUNER tool (Figure 2). To allow for higher power
The first effort is to determine the optimal input and
output match which produces the desired gain, output 4
0.
power, and efficiency across the operating frequency.
Typically, without non-linear models, this is completed
using a load-pull setup, or manufacturer published Zs
and Zl load impedance. Then a proto board is built to
replicate that optimal match, with the component val-
ues and the PCB layout tweaked for best performance.
This is a time-consuming and iterative effort, and it is
difficult to know whether the resulting design is opti- 2.301 GHz
mal, especially for broadband cascaded amplifier appli- r 35.7892 Ohm
cations. It should be mentioned in the absence of a non- x 2.42421 Ohm
linear model or load-pull data, knowledgeable designers
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
2.0
can for some applications proceed to achieve reasonable

starting point designs using load-line methods com-
bined with small-signal data9.
Model-Enabled Final Stage Design Effort

If an accurate non-linear model exists for the tran-
sistor of interest, then it is possible to directly optimize
the transistor circuit for optimal performance, rather
than re-creating the predetermined source and load
impedances. Starting with a non-linear model, provided
by Modelithics for the Qorvo TGF2965-SM device, the Figure 4 Optimized TGF2965-SM Output Load
Impedance at 2.3 GHz.

Z=50 Ohm
PORT
P=2
ID=TL45
MLIN
versions of this transmitter with minimal changes to the
circuitry, the output match was optimized to maintain
high efficiency at 32 dBm output power at a reduced
MCURVE
drain voltage of 12 V. Optimizing gain, output power, and
ID=TL3
efficiency at this substantially lower Vdd is only possible
ID=TL8
V=12 V
ID=V4
MLIN
DCVS
due to the accurate non-linear transistor models, which
ideally would also be validated across the range of
ID=C157
C=27 pF
intended operating voltage for best confidence. This was
not done for the effort described below in which a 32 V MDLX
MVIA1P
ID=TL33
ID=TL11
ID=V8
optimized model actually worked quite well at 12 V.
2
MLIN
MLIN
This flexibility of model applicability points to a
ID=TL4
strong advantage of properly developed non-linear mod-
MLIN
Ang1=-160 Deg
els over data-based models or design approaches. While
1
ID=TL12
Fo=2.3 GHz
efficient design flows may be possible based on load-pull
Mag1=0.2
HBTUNER
MTEE
ID=TU1
Zs/Zl data, data is needed at all of the specific frequen-
ID=C158
C=27 pF
cies and bias conditions desired. Whereas a non-linear
2
model, validated at a subset of desired conditions, can
ID=C147
C=27 pF
MDLX
MVIA1P
ID=V6
ID=TL30
2
often be extrapolated with good accuracy to produce
MLIN
Figure 2 Final Stage Schematic with HBTUNER in Place of Actual Load Matching Circuit.
1 MDLX
simulations at any desired frequency and bias condition,
ID=TL35
within the range of validity of the model.
MLIN
Figure 3 shows nearly +33 dBm output power at 61 %
1
efficiency and compressed gain of 11 dB at an input ID=TL36
ID=TL5
MLIN
L_Discrete=15 nH
MTEE
3
power of +22 dBm. The plot also shows the decrease in 2
output power and efficiency, and the increase in gain as
ID=TL43
ID=L33
ID=TL10
NET="HMT_QOR_TGF2965_SM_001"
the input power is reduced in 2 dB steps to 16 dBm. No
MLIN
MTEE
1
MDLX
2
ID=TL17
attempt was made to optimize the matching at the har-

MTEE
3
monic frequencies for even higher efficiency.
1
3Temperature=40 DegC
2
1
Figure 4 shows the optimized load impedance at this
self_heat_factor=1
output power. This will be used as a design goal when the
HBTUNER tool is replaced by actual output circuitry.
ID=TL7
MLIN
SUBCKT
Minimizing the overlap between non-zero current and
ID=S1
Source
Drain
non-zero voltage is the key to optimizing transistor effi-
ciency through waveform engineering. The non-linear
1
R_Discrete=10 Ohm
transistor model utilized in this simulation provides an
L_Discrete=15 nH
Gate
M
inspection node that enables visualization of the simu-
2
lated voltage and currents at the intrinsic ports of the
ID=R168
ID=L37
ID=TL2
ID=TL6
MLIN
transistor model. This facilitates optimization of effi-

MLIN
MDLX MDLX
2
1
ciency when used in concert with the HB tuner tool.

1
Figure 5 shows that the drain voltage for the final stage
ID=TL16
design is at a maximum when the drain current is at a

ID=TL1
MLIN
MLIN
MCROSS
ID=TL29
minimum, indicating high efficiency.

4
ID=C160
C=30 pF
The next step is to replace the HB tuner tool with

1
discrete and distributed components to present the same

1
MDLX
ID=TL13
MVIA1P
optimal ZL to the transistor drain, and then re-optimize

ID=V2
1
2
MTEE
2
3
the input and output match for optimal performance

2
across the operating frequency. This is shown in Figure 6.

MDLX
C=2.7 pF
ID=C166
The series inductors are used in the output match instead

ID=TL15
of a transmission line to reduce the physical layout area,

MLIN
and to facilitate implementation of higher power ampli-

fier versions using the same PCB. The optimization of the
ID=C159
C=30 pF
best values for the surface mount capacitors, inductors,

1
MDLX
ID=TL14
MVIA1P
ID=TL9
and resistors included in the matching bias and stabiliza-

PStart=16 dBm
PStop=22 dBm
MLIN
ID=V9
1
2
MTEE
V=2.3 V
PStep=2 dB
tion networks is facilitated with the part-value scalabili-

Z=50 Ohm
ID=V1
PORT_PS1
DCVS
2
ty of the Microwave Global Models mentioned earlier.

P=1

27
Models
TGF2965-SM I V
35 350
30 300
Voltage (L, V)
Current (R, mA)
25 250
Drain Voltage (V)
Drain Current (A)

20 200
15 150
10 100
5 50
0 0
0 0.3 0.6 0.87
Time (ns)
Figure 5 Transistor Die Simulated Drain Voltage and Current at Intrinsic Reference Plane.
Design of Cascaded Amplifier output match, bandpass filter, and final stage input
After the final stage matching is complete, the driver together using the computer simulation (Figure 7), with-
stage and an interstage surface mount bandpass filter, out building and tuning a hardware prototype. Note, the
are introduced. If transistor models are not available, 5 ohm resistors provide placeholders on the PCB for
this can be accomplished by matching input and output gain adjustment, if necessary.
impedances to 50 ohms at the center frequency, and then As shown in Figure 8, the simulated gain, output
cascading them together. However, the impedances of power, and efficiency are flat across the frequency band
the matched driver and final stage circuits are close to as the input power is increased in 2 dB steps from 0 to
50 ohms only at that center frequency. Given that most +8 dBm at a drain voltage of +12 V. The levels outside of
designs operate over a 10 % or larger frequency band- the passband are reduced by the bandpass filter. At a
width, a significant variation in gain, linearity, efficien- drive level of +8 dBm, the gain of the cascaded stages is
cy, and output power can be expected after cascading over 3 dB compressed at 24.4 dB, the output power is
devices together due to the variation in source and load 32.5 dBm, and the multi-stage efficiency is 47.8 %,
impedances presented by the devices to each another. thereby meeting the design goals.
Since non-linear transistor models are available for Recall that this design has a maximum current
the chosen transistor, it is straightforward to simultane- requirement of 300 mA at 12 V, at 32 dBm output power.
ously optimize the cascaded non-50 ohm driver stage The simulated current draw at +6 dBm input power,
PORT_PS1
P=1 MLIN
Z=50 Ohm ID=TL4
PStart=0 dBm
PStop=8 dBm MLIN PORT
ID=R75 P=2
PStep=2 dB MDLX R=5 Ohm ID=TL2 1
MTEE ID=R76
1 2 ID=TL1 MDLX R=5 Ohm Z=50 Ohm
BP 1 2
3
ID=S2 SUBCKT 2 ID=S4
NET="TGF2965_SM_Driver" ID=S7 NET="TGF2965_SM_Final"
NET="BFCN_2275"
Figure 7 Amplifier Top Level Schematic, Including Bandpass Filter in Interstage Network.

which produces 31.9 dBm output power, is 54 mA (driv-
er) + 227 mA (final) = 281 mA, as shown in Figure 9.
Knowing the current draw of the non-linear components
early in the design process provided assurance that the
customer specifications will be met without building a
prototype.
The level of the harmonics can be simulated using
the non-linear model, as shown in Figure 10. In this
case, the final stage output match was adjusted slightly
to compensate for the return loss of the harmonic filter
and to reduce the level of the fourth harmonic. Given
the simulated harmonic levels above, and maximum
permissible harmonic level of -25 dBm for the second
and third, and -80 dBc for other harmonics, the require-
ments for the harmonic filter can be determined.
Including a 5 dB margin, the design parameters for this
filter are +13.5 dBm - (-30 dBm) = 44 dB rejection across
4.4 to 7.2 GHz, +30.5 dBm - 85 dBc - 11.1 dBm = 66 dB
rejection 8.8 to 9.6 GHz, and 55 dB rejection for higher
frequencies. As described in Part 1 of this article, a com-
bined discrete and distributed harmonic filter was
designed to meet the above requirements, and was
incorporated into the simulation. Appending the filter
designed in part 1 of this article to the output of the PA
reduces the simulated level of the harmonics below the
required levels, as shown in Figure 11. The ability to
determine the requirements of the harmonic filter while
still in the paper design phase is a key enabler for a
successful first-pass transmitter design, since the har-
monic filter is an integral part of the transmitter.
High Power Version

In order to provide for possible changes in product
requirements, this 1.5 W amplifier was optimized with a
drain voltage of +12 V. Thisfacillitates an increase in
power capability to 6 W with mimimal matching chang-
es. In this example, the output power on this cascade
can be increased to +38 dBm, without changing the
PCB, by increasing the drain voltage on the driver and
final stages from +12 V to +32 V, and adjusting the val- Figure 6 Final Stage Amplifier, 1.5 W.
ues of the discrete components, as shown in Table 1.
Item 1.5 W PA 6 W PA
Transistor Drain Voltage 12 32
Drain Inductor L33 15 nH 8.7 nH
Output Series Inductors L42 1.0 nH 3.9 nH
Output Shunt Cap C2 0.6 pF 0.3 pF
Table 1 Voltage and Component Value Comparison

of 1.5 W and 6 W Amplifier Designs.

29
Models
30 2.2 GHz
60
2.4 GHz
24.45 dB 24.82 dB
25 Pwr = 8 dBm Pwr = 8 dBm 55
20 50
Power (dBm), Efficiency (%)

2.2 GHz 2.4 GHz
15 47.84 49.76 45
Gain (dB)
10 40
2.2 GHz 2.4 GHz
5 32.51 dBm 32.87 dBm 35
0 2.4 GHz
30
2.2 GHz Output Power (R, dBm)
31.87 dBm 32.04 dBm
-5 Efficiency (R) Pwr = 6 dBm 25
Pwr = 6 dBm
Gain (L)
-10 20
1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8
Frequency (GHz)
Figure 8 Amplifier Gain 1.5 W, Output Power, and Efficiency after Optimization for 12V Operation.
Figure 12 shows a compressed output power of +38 support the higher output power level. This is an excel-
dBm at a nominal cascaded amplifier gain of 28 dB, and lent way to leverage the design effort into two distinct
efficiency of 48 % for the 6W, 32V design version. Note high efficiency amplifier products.
the 2.5 dB increase in gain due to the higher drain volt- As shown in Figure 12, the design engineer can opti-
age, which reduces the need for additional gain stages to mize the circuit performance for a particular application
0.3
2.4 GHz
2.2 GHz 0.2556 A
0.25 0.2417 A Pwr = 8 dBm
Pwr = 8 dBm
2.4 GHz
2.2 GHz 0.2271 A
0.2 0.2191 A Pwr = 6 dBm
Pwr = 6 dBm
Current (mA)
0.15
Driver Current (A)
Final Current (A)
2.2 GHz 2.4 GHz
0.1 0.06438 A 0.06517 A
0.05 2.2 GHz 2.4 GHz

0.05367 A 0.0538 A
0
1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8
Frequency (GHz)
Figure 9 Driver and Final Stage Non-Linear Current Draw.

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Models
40
30 4.6 GHz 6.9 GHz 9.2 GHz

11.92 dBm 2.816 dBm 6.801 dBm
Freq = 2.3 GHz Freq = 2.3 GHz Freq = 2.3 GHz
20 Pwr = 6 dBm Pwr = 6 dBm Pwr = 6 dBm
2.3 GHz
31.81 dBm 11.5 GHz 13.8 GHz 16.1 GHz
-14.95 dBm -7.646 dBm -14.14 dBm
10 Freq = 2.3 GHz
Freq = 2.3 GHz Freq = 2.3 GHz
Power (dBm)
Pwr = 6 dBm Freq = 2.3 GHz

Pwr = 6 dBm Pwr = 6 dBm Pwr = 6 dBm
-10
-20
-30
-40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Frequency (GHz)
Figure 10 Simulated Amplifier Harmonics Before Adding Harmonic Rejection Filter.
given simulation capability and component models that frequency band or power level to meet customer require-
accurately predict the operating performance. From this ments.
point, it is easy to redesign the amplifier for a different Although not required for this application, the degra-
dation of the modulated transmit signal Error Vector
40
2.3 GHz
30 31.57 dBm
Freq = 2.3 GHz
Pwr = 6 dBm
20
10
Power (dBm)
-10
4.6 GHz
-34.03 dBm 9.2 GHz
Freq = 2.3 GHz -34.45 dBm
-20 Pwr = 6 dBm Freq = 2.3 GHz
Pwr = 6 dBm
-30
-40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Frequency (GHz)
Figure 11 Simulated Amplifier Harmonics After Adding Harmonic Rejection Filter.

Magnitude (EVM), and increase in Adjacent Channel Interference,
can be simulated using a tool such as National Instruments Visual
System Simulator (VSS), or Keysight Technologies ADS Envelope
BEYOND
Single Crystal
Domain Simulation, since the bias points, matching, and drive levels
have been determined. BAW Filters
PCB Fabrication and Measurement
The RF amplifier portion described above is only a small section of
this single board transmitter, which also includes gate bias circuitry,
synthesizer, modulator, attenuator, DC power converters and regula-
tors, FPGA, etc. However, these items are common from one transmit-
ter to another, require minimal design effort, and entail minimal risk.
When developing a new transmitter, Quasonix typically builds the
entire transmitter, rather than prototypes, relying on the accuracy of
the RF simulations, including the component models, to ensure suc-
cess. Because this project was on a very tight schedule, it was decided
to build a prototype of the RF section of this transmitter while waiting
on a finalized customer specification. This prototype board, which
contains the amplifier and filter circuits described above, as well as INTRODUCING:
the harmonic filter described in part 1 of this article, is shown in AKA SERIES OF
Figure 13.
DC-14GHz Broadband
Amplifier Measurement MMIC Amplifiers
The large signal (compressed) gain of the cascaded driver, band-
pass filter, and final stages were measured using short pigtails con-
nected to the PCB, as shown in Figure 13. The final stage transistors
Reliable Low Cost
were biased to the manufacturers recommended 25 mA drain current
InGaP Designs
at a 12 V drain voltage, while the driver stage was biased to 30 mA for Cascadable, Extremely
additional gain. The pigtail insertion loss is de-embedded from the Broadband
measure data discussed next.
S21 at power levels of -10 dBm and +8 dBm is shown in Figure 14,
Excellent Gain Flatness
which clearly shows very good agreement between the simulated and
& High P1dB
measured compressed gain in the 2.2 to 2.4 GHz filter passband. The Low Phase Noise
higher measured gain at -10 dBm input power is a result of the sen-
sitivity of the small signal gain to the transistor bias current while Available in small form factor
operating in the linear range, and the fact that the simulation model Micro-X Package & Die
was derived at 32 V operation instead of the 12 V bias in this design.
The discrepancy between simulated and measured responses outside Ideal for Test & Measurement,
of the passband is due to sharper rolloff of the actual filter compared Military, VSAT & PtP
to the S2P data file used in the simulation downloaded from the Mini- Communication applications
Circuits website. (A model for this component has not yet been added
to the Modelithics COMPLETE Library and the test board used for
the S2P file was different than that on the PA board.)
The simulated and measured output power at + 8dBm input is
shown in Figure 15. There is very close agreement across the filter
passband, especially considering that the TGF2965-SM model was For more information on our
created based on the manufacturers rated +32 V drain voltage, com- AKA amplifiers & BAW Filters
pared to the +12 V drain voltage used in this application. www.akoustis.com
The output power vs. input power, provided in Figure 16, shows
excellent agreement between simulated and measured output power, 9805-H Northcross Center Court
including gain compression at the higher power levels. The +12 V cur- Huntersville, NC 28078
rent draw shows excellent agreement at lower power levels and 704-997-5735
diverges slightly near compression. The measured efficiency is higher
than simulated in the low to mid power range due to the higher gain

35
Models
35 60
30 2.2 GHz 2.4 GHz 55

28.07 dB 28.15 dB
25 50
Power (dBm), Efficiency (%)

2.4 GHz
2.2 GHz 50.7
20 48.6 Pwr = 10 dBm 45
Pwr = 10 dBm
Gain (dB)
15 40
10 2.4 GHz 35
2.2 GHz 38.16 dBm
38.1 dBm Pwr = 10 dBm
5 Pwr = 10 dBm
Output Power (R, dBm) 30
Efficiency (R)
0 25
Gain (L)
-5 20
1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8
Frequency (GHz)
Figure 12 Amplifier Gain 6 W, Output Power, and Efficiency after Optimization for 32V Operation.
(and thus higher output power) describe above. The data However, for the purposes of illustration, we have
below does not include the harmonic filter losses. assumed an investment cost of $25K for the needed
models. Actual development cost of a non-linear model
Example Return on Investment Analysis depends on many factors, including fixturing require-
An estimate of the design cost and schedule impact ments, complexity and quantity of measurements need-
with and without adequate models is presented in Table ed for extraction and validation, and range of operating
110. Based on designer experience, it is estimated that it conditions and desired simulation requirements of the
would take two additional iterations to complete the PA final model.
design without adequate transistor and passive compo-
nent models. Table 2 shows a summary of the estimated
cost, schedule, and productivity improvement of using
accurate models for this design example. As mentioned
in this case, the device manufacturer has sponsored free
access to the needed non-linear model for this design.
Figure 13 Complete Amplifier Layout with Harmonic Filter (left) and Fabricated Board with pigtails
(right).
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Models
30
25
20
15
10
Gain (dB)
5
0 Simulated Gain @ +8 dBm Input
-5 Measured Gain at +8 dBm Input
Simulated Gain at -10 dBm Input
-10
Measured Gain at -10 dBm Input
-15
-20
1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8
Frequency (GHz)
Figure 14 Simulated and Measured Power Gain -10, + 8 dBm Input Power.
From Table 3 one can conclude, on the basis of strict- was achieved in the presented design example. Of
ly cost, the design cost savings would nearly be justified course, if the same models could be used for even one
on the basis of a single design using the models. more such design, the model investment cost would also
Certainly the remaining $2.5K cost difference would be be fully returned with a significant engineering produc-
justified quite easily on the basis of the schedule tivity improvement as well.
improvement from 28 weeks without accurate models, to While not specifically addressed here in quantitative
11 weeks with models, due to the first pass success that fashion, an analogous ROI analysis could be performed
40
32.45 dBm 32.83 dBm
30
32.11 32.25
Output Power (dBm)
20
10
Simulated Output vs.8 dBm Input Power (dBm)
Measured Output vs.8 dBm Input Power
0
-10
1800000000 2000000000 2200000000 2400000000 2600000000 2800000000
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 15 Simulated vs. Measured Output Power +8 dBm Input Power.

Figure 16 Measured Output Power, Current, and Efficiency vs. Input Power.
for the case of a manufacturer investing internally or Summary

externally in high accuracy models to support their cus- Accurate simulations of microwave circuits can be
tomers. Due to cost, schedule, and other considerations, computed if the component parasitics and non-lineari-
todays generation of engineers tend to favor devices ties are included in the simulations. Traditionally pro-
that already have accurate models available. From a vided transistor Zs and Zl source and load impedances
device manufacturers perspective, the model invest- generally allow optimized design of a single stage ampli-
ment cost is, for many markets, becoming a minimum fier at specific frequencies. Non-linear transistor models
entry fee to ensure consideration of a device for a new facilitate the simultaneous optimization of gain, output
design application. power, efficiency, and linearity across the desired fre-
quency band even for cascaded amplifiers. These models
Table 2 Example Cost and Schedule Estimates for PA Design Completion Without/With Sufficiently
Accurate Models.
39
Models
can substantially reduce the development schedule and Information about the Modelithics CLR Library and
cost for new amplifier programs. In the presented two Modelithics-Qorvo GaN Library models used in this
stage, 1 watt PA example, a first pass design success was work can be found at www.modelithics.com or by email
realized with excellent measured to simulated agree- at info@modelithics.com.
ment and rapid cycle time. With this approach, an exist-
ing design can be easily optimized to meet other cus- About the Authors
tomer requirements with minimal development cost and Dr. Larry Dunleavy co-founded
risk. Modelithics, Inc. in 2001 to provide
improved modeling solutions and high
Closing quality microwave measurement ser-
Quasonix, Inc. (www.quasonix.com) produces telem- vices for radio and microwave frequen-
etry transmitters ranging in size from the nanoPuckTM cy circuit designers.
described in this article, to higher power multi-band, He is currently serving as President
multi-mode models at power levels up to 25 W, as well as and CEO at Modelithics. He also main-
telemetry receivers and precision drive antenna sys- tains a position as a Professor within University of
tems. South Floridas Department of Electrical Engineering,
Table 3 ROI Results Summary Showing Estimated Cost Savings/Schedule Impact of Designing Example
PA with Accurate Models.

where he has been a faculty member since 1990. In this 8F
. Giannini and G. Leuzzi, Nonlinear Microwave
role, he has been teaching in the area of RF & Microwave Circuit Design, John WiIey & Sons, 2004.
circuits and measurements for over 26 years. Prior to 9S
. C. Cripps, A Theory for the Prediction of GaAs
this he worked as a microwave circuit/MMIC design Load-pull Power Contours, IEEE MTT-S Intl
engineer at Hughes Aircraft and E-Systems companies. Microwave Symposium Digets, 1983, pp221-223.
Ted Longshore graduated with a
BSEE from the University of 10 Analysis completed with ROI calculator that can be
Cincinnati, and an MSEE from Illinois accessed on Modelithics website at: http://roi.model-
Institute of Technology, and has been ithics.com/ .
working in the field of radio communi-
cations for nearly
30 years. He start-
ed his career work-
ing on cellular base stations and
handsets at both Motorola and then
Ericsson, and more recently on mili-
tary electronics at Pole/Zero and
NuWaves Engineering. In his current
position at Quasonix he develops
transmitters for telemetry applica-
tions.
References
1
T. Longshore and L. Dunleavy,
Using High Accuracy Models to
Achieve First Pass Success- A
Transmitter Case Study: Part 1
Harmonic Filter Design, High
Frequency Design, August 2017.
2L
. Dunleavy, H. Morales, C. Suckling
and K. Tran, Device and PA Circuit Power Freq. Range Insertion Isolation Amplitude Model
Division (GHz) Loss (dB) (dB) Balance Number
Level Validation of a High Power
GaN Model Library, Microwave 2 1.0-27.0 2.5 15 0.5 dB PS2-51
2 0.5-18.0 1.7 16 0.6 dB PS2-20
Journal, Aug. 2016. See also https:// 5-40 GHz 1-5 GHz
2 1.0-40.0 2.8 13 10 0.6 dB PS2-55
www.modelithics.com/mvp/qorvo .
2 2.0-40.0 2.5 13 0.6 dB PS2-54
3X
-parameters is a trademark of 2 15.0-40.0 1.2 13 0.8 dB PS2-53
2 8.0-60.0 2.0 10 1.0 dB PS2-56
Keysight Technologies. 2 10.0-70.0 2.0 10 1.0 dB PS2-57
3 2.0-20.0 1.8 16 0.5 dB PS3-51
4M
ike Golio and Jim Cozzie, Who
4 1.0-27.0 4.5 15 0.8 dB PS4-51
Pays for Characterization?: The 4 5.0-27.0 1.8 16 0.5 dB PS4-50
Final Dilemma for MESFET 4 0.5-18.0 4.0 16 0.8 dB PS4-17
Modeling, 48th ARFTG Conference 4 2.0-18.0 1.8 17 0.5 dB PS4-19
4 15.0-40.0 2.0 12 0.8 dB PS4-52
Digest, Fall 1996.
8 0.5-6.0 2.0 20 0.4 dB PS8-12
5L
. Dunleavy, Modeling-The Hot 8 0.5-18.0 7.0 16 1.2 dB PS8-16
8 2.0-18.0 2.2 15 0.6 dB PS8-13
Potato In the RF & Microwave
Industry, Microwave Product 10 to 30 watts power handling, visit website for complete specications.
SMA and Type N connectors available to 18 GHz.
Digest, April 2002.
6L
. Dunleavy, Everyone wants bet-
ter models, but wheres the ROI?,
High Frequency Design Magazine,
March 2017.
7S
. Cripps, RF Power Amplifiers for
Wireless Communications, Artech
House, 1999.

41
Product Focus
New PXI Remote Control and Bus

Extension Modules
In addition to multichassis systems, the

The PCIe-8398 host interface card communicates
over a fully transparent PCI Express Gen 3 x16 link to

PXIe-8394 allows high-throughput either the single-port PXIe-8398 or dual-port PXIe-8399
communication with peripheral devices remote control module to offer up to 13.7 GB/s of sus-
like RAID data storage arrays tained data throughput. Engineers can use the second
port on the PXIe-8399 to daisy chain additional chassis,
NI announced the release of a new family of high- making it possible to directly interface multiple PXI
performance PXI remote control and bus extension mod- Express chassis to a single host computer, whether it is
ules with PCI Express Gen 3 connectivity. PCI Express a desktop or rack-mount PC.
Gen 3 technology delivers increased bandwidth that is The PXIe-8394 bus extension module supports peer-
critical for data intensive applications like 5G cellular to-peer streaming up to 6.8 GB/s between chassis-sepa-
research, RF record and playback, and high-channel- rated instruments with PCI Express Gen 3 connectivity
count data acquisition. such as the second-generation vector signal transceiver.
As technologies converge into smarter devices under In addition to multichassis systems, the PXIe-8394
test, you increasingly need to build smarter test and allows high-throughput communication with peripheral
measurement systems that leverage the latest process- devices like RAID data storage arrays or the ATCA-3671
ing and data movement capabilities in order to lower the FPGA Module for ATCA. These peripherals typically
cost of test or improve coverage, said Luke Schreier, operate with substantial data sets and can benefit from
director of automated test marketing at NI. This new utilizing the latest PCI Express interfaces.
family of remote control modules augments our existing
portfolio of PCI Express Gen 3 chassis and embedded ni.com
controllers and more than doubles the throughput for
multichassis systems.

RF SWITCH
MATRICES
DC to 18 GHz
2 SPDT
1 SPDT
3 SPDT
8 SPDT
SWITCH STATUS
NEW!
INDICATOR LIGHTS
Activated
Non Activated
2 SP4T
4 SPDT
2 SP6T
USB & Ethernet Control Options models from

$
405 ea.
0.25 dB Insertion Loss Extra-Long Switch Life User-Friendly GUI and DLLs Included
85 dB Isolation Up to 100 Million Cycles* Compatible with Most Third Party Lab Software
1.2 VSWR Switch Cycle Counting Feature Small size fits in your Laptop Case!
up to 10W Power Handling with Automatic Calibration Alerts Available from Stock
Visit minicircuits.com for detailed model specs, application notes, and more!
Place your order today for delivery as soon as tomorrow!
* Switches protected by US patents 5,272,458; 6,650,210; 6,414,577; 7,843,289; and additional patents pending.
See data sheet for a full list of compatible software.
Mini-Circuits

545 Rev C
Product Focus
50 MHz to 21 GHz Synthesizers
MLVS-Series Frequency Synthesizers 50 MHz to 21

Applications include GHz: Micro Lambda Wireless announced the production
release of a new smaller and lower cost frequency synthe-
Wideband Receivers, sizer designed for low noise and fast-tune applications. A
standard frequency model is available covering 500 MHz
Automated Test to 20 GHz with options to cover down to 50 MHz and up
Systems, Telecom, to 21 GHz in a single unit.

Phase noise at 5 GHz and 10 kHz offset of -130 dBc/Hz
SATCOM, UAVs and while at 10 GHz the phase noise is -125 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz
offset, both industry leaders.
Drones and a variety of Switching speed is specified at 50 uSec for a full band
step.
Military and The standard model is specified to operate over the 0
to +65 C temperature range, but extended temperature
Commercial Test versions covering -40 to +85C are available on special
order.
applications. This series of frequency synthesizers have been

Availability: from stock designed in a miniature package. Dimensions are 4 x 3.6
x .94 tall. Units come with a 14 pin Molex connector for
starting October 2017. all input voltages and signals as well as a standard USB
mini-b connector. RF connectors are SMA-Female.
Applications include Wideband Receivers, Automated
Test Systems, Telecom, SATCOM, UAVs and Drones and
a variety of Military and Commercial Test applications.
Availability: from stock starting October 2017.
Micro Lambda Wireless
microlambdawireless.com

Product Highlights
Hermetically Sealed Adapters
Spectrum Elektrotechnik designs and assemblies, phase shifters, couplers, gain
markets Hermetically Sealed Adapters amplitude equalizers, terminations, and
2.92mm, TNC, N, Feedthroughs with calibration kits. In addition, a number of
venting holes for Vacuum Test Chambers. complex and integrated components have
Spectrum Elektrotechnik GmbH was been engineered and manufactured for
founded in 1981 and has become a lead- specialized programs and various cus-
ing supplier of state-of-the-art compo- tomers special needs.
nents used in RF and microwave technol-
Spectrum Elektrotechnik
ogy, including connectors, adapters, cable spectrum-et.com
Get Up to Speed

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5G Wireless Networks Register Now! technologies. The course starts
Oct 16-18, 2017 - Joe Boccuzzi with a review of cellular standards
evolution and the shortcomings
RF Power Amplifier Design Techniques that 5G addresses. Next we move
Oct 18-20, 2017 - Ali Darwish on to describe the modulation
EMI/EMC Troubleshooting: Principles and Demonstrations waveforms and also look at the
Oct 18-20, 2017 - Arturo Mediano issues that are introduced by work-
ing with higher GHz frequency
RF Design Fundamentals and Wireless System Techniques
bands. Further topics include
Classroom Video Recording/Online, On-demand - Rick Fornes
Massive MIMO, network architec-
RF/High Speed PCB Layout & EMI Design Fundamentals ture, 5G system features, and evo-
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Besser Associates
besserassociates.com
Product Highlights
Synthesizers
Full-featured QuickSyn microwave synthesizer delivers instrument-grade
performance, increased functionality, and efficient power consumption in a com-
pact package and at an equally small price. Models FSW-0010 and FSW-0020
cover the frequency ranges of 0.5 to 10 GHz and 0.5 to 20 GHz respectively. The
10 GHz unit is available with the option to extend down to 0.1 GHz, and the 20
GHz unit can extend down to 0.2 GHz by option. Other optional features include
pulse modulation, amplitude modulation, frequency and phase modulation,
power control, and fast switching.

All QuickSyn synthesizers come
with USB and SPI interface con-
trol for use in the lab or in your
next instrument design.
NI Microwave Components
ni-microwavecomponents.com FASTER, QUIETER, SMALLER
SIGNAL SOURCES
QUICKSYN SYNTHESIZERS
Design smaller and more efciently

with National Instruments QuickSyn
synthesizers. The revolutionary phase-
rening technology used in QuickSyn
synthesizers enables blazing fast
VVA
switching speeds, very low spurious
Skyworks introduced
SKY12239-11, a voltage-controlled and phase noise performance, wide
variable attenuator (VVA) from our
frequency range, and small footprint.
series of broadband, flat attenua-
tion, high third order input inter-
cept point (IIP3) products. The
device has been designed to oper- ni-microwavecomponents.com/quicksyn
ate over the 10 MHz to 1.5 GHz
frequency band, and is specifically
optimized for use as a wide dynam-
ic range, ultra-low distortion atten-
uator. This VVA is well-suited for
use in automatic power leveling or
gain control circuits in military
radio, wireless infrastructure,
CATV and broad market applica-
tions.
Skyworks QuickSyn Lite Synthesizer
skyworksinc.com
2016 National Instruments. All rights reserved.

47
Product Highlights
Connectors
Molex and Radiall have signed a licensing agreement on the Q-MTitan solution
and are jointly working on its range extension. The recent demand for higher data
rates in Military, Aerospace and Industrial industries has generated higher counts
of optical links, making solutions with MT ferrules more and more attractive.
Initially developed for the telecom market and data centers, MT ferrule based solu-
tions significantly reduce the cost of ownership while bringing unmatched density.
With the Q-MTitan solution the MT benefits are integrated in a more robust con-
tact design suitable for use in harsh environmental and mechanical conditions as
seen in Military and Aerospace appli-

cations.
Radiall
radiall.com
Enclosures
Equipto Electronics is now offer-
ing Ka-Shield enclosures that protect
your Ka Band Communications and
Data from EMI/RFI and EMP. With
140
Microwave Shielding Eec-veness
shielding effectiveness of over 75 dB
120
up to 40 GHz you can be assured that
100
your equipment is protected against
Shielding Eec-vness (dB)
80
any threat. Whether your application
60
involves Satellite communications or
40
radar targeting with military planes
20
or data transfer with space telescopes
0
10 16 19 21 23 26 28 31 34 38
Equiptos Ka-Shield enclosures will
Frequency (GHz)
keep your communications and
equiptment safe and operational. Our
enclosures are already tested and cer-
tified to the toughest TEMPEST stan-
dards including NSA 94-106. Test
reports are available upon request.
Equipto Electronics
equiptoelect.com
Our Most Important Connection is with You.
RF & MICROWAVE ANTENNAS

SWITCHES A complete range
The patented design of antennas
of our highly reliable, dedicated to
high performance military & industrial
switches guarantee markets including
operation up to radio tactical
10 million cycles, communications,
frequency range GPS, vehicle mount-
up to 50 GHz and ed, LMR/PMR and
superior repeatability. telemetry
applications.
RF COAXIAL RF CABLE
CONNECTORS ASSEMBLIES
Offering over 13,000 TestProTM is
part numbers and Radialls innovative
55 product series solution designed
including AEP for test and lab
andMil QPL measurements.
connectors, the RF The complete RF
Coaxial Connector Cable Assemblies
range is the largest range offers
in the industry and flexible, semi rigid
has been a part and hand-formable
of the our diverse cable assemblies.
portfolio for over
60 years.
Call us today and let our experience work for you!
AS9120
ISO 9001:2000
Phone: (888) 591-4455 or (772) 286-4455 Fax:(772) 286-4496 CERTIFIED
E-Mail: admin@microwavecomponentsinc.com
Web Site: www.microwavecomponentsinc.com
Product Highlights
Power Divider
Model SWP-62386304-12-S1 is an E band, 4-way power divider with a
typical insertion loss of 1.0 dB across the frequency range of 62 to 86 GHz.
The divider offers 20 dB isolation and well balanced ports, which can be used
for in-phase power dividing or combining. This power divider comes as a right
angle configuration with WR-12 waveguides and UG-387/U flanges at the
input and all outputs.
SAGE Millimeter
sagemillimeter.com
HFEs Product Showcase

Classified Advertising
Your ad will stand out
when its displayed in our
Quadrature Mixer Product Showcase!
Model SFQ-33350313-2F2FSF-F2 is a Q Band quadrature mixer that cov-
ers the frequency range of 33 to 50 GHz. The typical conversion loss of the For more information, or to
quadrature mixer is 13 dB with an LO driving power of +17 dBm. The typical place your ad, please
LO to RF port isolation is 25 dB. Since the IF port of the quadrature mixer is contact:
DC coupled, the mixer can be used as a phase detector. In addition, the mixer
can be readily configured into an image rejection mixer or single sideband Joanne Frangides
modulator by adding an IF quadrature coupler. Tel :201-666-6698
Fax: 201-666-6698
SAGE Millimeter
sagemillimeter.com joanne@
highfrequencyelectronics
.com

Product Showcase
Circuit Board (Dk & Df) Anisotropy Testers 20 mil Thick Laminate
4.4
Measure 4.2
Anisotropy Dk 4.0
3.8
X, Y & Z 3.6
Circuit Boards 0 5X 10Y 15 Z 20
Laminates 0.020
0.018
Plastic
Df
0.016
Ceramics 0.014
2 - 10 GHz 0.012
0 5 10 15 20
www.damaskosinc.com Frequency (GHz)
WAVEGUIDE SWITCHES COAXIAL SWITCHES DUAL SWITCHES
WE ARE THE WAVEGUIDE & COAXIAL SWITCH EXPERTS

YOUR #1 SOURCE FOR MICROWAVE SWITCHES SINCE 1992
QUALITY, SERVICE & QUICK DELIVERIES UNMATCHED IN THE INDUSTRY
754 Fortune Crescent, Kingston, ON, K7P2T3, Canada 30
Years
www.highfrequencyelectronics.com
Product Highlights
Directional Coupler 7.5 -16 GHz

VidaRF offers a new directional coupler Model: VDC- Connectors, Adapters, Cable Assemblies, Attenuators, and
75160A6 frequency range from 7.5-16 GHz. Available in 6, Terminations. At VidaRF, we are about customer service;
10, 20 or 30dB coupling, 50 watts power handling with what we call the VidaRF difference. From the beginning,
SMA connectors, operating temp -55C to 85 C. Sealed and our goal has been to make VidaRF different by way of an
painted to meet IP65 standards. VidaRF serves the overwhelming commitment to our customers RF compo-
Microwave and RF industry with high performance nent needs.
Isolators, Circulators, Power Dividers, Couplers, RF
VidaRF
vidarf.com
amcomusa.com
301-353-8400
The RF Power House
Wideband Power
Amplifiers (And More!)
Power Device MMIC PA

(GaAs FET, GaAs PHEMT,
GaN/SiC) 1.8 to 6.5GHz Broadband Power MMIC
AMCOMs AM206041WN-SN-R is a broadband GaN
PA Module MMIC power amplifier. It has 30dB gain, and 41dBm CW
Bias T output power over the 1.8 to 6.5GHz band. The
T/R Switch AM206041WN-SN-R is in a ceramic package with a
flange and straight RF and DC leads for drop-in assembly.
Attenuator Because of high DC power dissipation, good heat sinking
Phase Shifter is required. The package is RoHS compliant. This MMIC
is matched to 50 Ohms.
401 Professional Drive | Suite 140 | Gaithersburg, MD 20879 AMCOM
amcomusa.com

Product Highlights Proven Interconnect
PERFORMANCE
Industry-leading
INNOVATION
17 - 40 GHz Block Up and Down Converters

Norden Millimeters broader band block up and down converters are used SuperMini Board-to-Board
for extending the frequency range of existing ELINT, COMINT, RADAR, and DC to 67 GHz blind-mate
testing systems. These new converters cover the 17 - 26.5 GHz and 25.5 - 40 connectors assure interconnect
GHz bands with a full 1 GHz overlap with existing 18GHz systems and at performance for PCBs stacked
the transition between bands. The upconverter has independent input IF as tightly as 3 mm.
and output RF attenuation for over 60 dB of gain control. These attenuators
are controlled by parallel attenuation bits on a rear power/control multi-pin
connector.
Norden Millimeter
nordengroup.com
1.0mm (W) DC to 110 GHz

Connectors offer superior
performance for high-frequency flange
mount, thread-in, board mount and
cable applications.
Low VSWR
Low Insertion Loss
Low RF Leakage
Board-to-Board Connectors
SuperMini Board-to-Board solutions optimize interconnect performance
See us at
for board-to-board stacking applications. These RF/millimeter wave blind-
EDI CON USA Booth #223
mate connectors maximize electrical performance of the transmission path
between connector and circuit while accommodating axial misalignment of EuMW Booth #202
.010 and radial misalignment of +/- 10 via Southwest Microwaves intelli-
gent bullet and PCB receptacle designs.
Available bullets enable board-to-board spacing as close as 3 mm, assur-
ing transmission line dependability for tightly stacked PCBs. Low mating
insertion force allows for an increased density of interconnections per board.
Unique bullet design enables extended mating and de-mating cycles.
Designed to optimize match to circuit for surface and thru-hole PCB
mounting applications, SuperMini Board-to-Board connectors are available
in smooth bore or detent style Vertical and End Launch jack configurations
for stripline, microstrip and grounded co-planar circuit launch transitions. southwestmicrowave.com/interconnect
Additionally, smooth bore and detent style 4-hole flange SuperMini Board-to-
Board jack to 2.92 mm (K) jack adapters are available.
Southwest Microwave
southwestmicrowave.com
53
Product Focus
Power Sensor with Long Reach

Connector
LadyBug Technologies new extended Type-N connec- even for low level measurements requiring high accuracy.
tor is ideal for many laboratory, manufacturing and field Simply connect and measure. The Sensors are housed in
applications. The high quality Type N-male connector a robust metal enclosure for durability and offer a variety
(option XNM) is available on most of LadyBug Power sen- of connectors including N, SMA, 3.5mm and 2.92mm so
sors, including its True RMS, Peak & Pulse and Pulse that you can obtain the best possible match. We include
Profiling sensors. limit free, flexible applications for use with our products
LadyBug power sensors provide high accuracy NIST at no additional cost. We cover the RF and microwave
traceable RF Power measurements to below -60dBm. A market with three sensor types.
virtual power meter application is included with each General Purpose: Our True RMS sensors make
sensor. The new connector combined with LadyBugs No highly accurate measurements on any signal with
Zero Just Measure, patented No-Zero and Zero-Aware any modulation format or bandwidth.
technology adds even more flexibility for power sensor We manufacture pulse sensors that will provide sta-
users. Contact sales@ladybug-tech.com. tistical pulse information such as peak and pulse
We manufacture a broad line of high quality first tier power, duty cycle and crest factor on pulse modu-
NIST traceable USB power sensors. Our sensors are com- lated signals as well as average CW power.
patible with Windows XP, Win 7, 8 & Win 10; in 32 and 64 Our Pulse Profiling sensors provide time domain
bit systems. We offerLINUX compatible sensors along trace visibility of modulation information in addition
with the only Optional SPI & I2C power sensor available. to the measurements made by our pulse sensors.
With our patented NoZero NoCal feature, it is not neces-
LadyBug Technologies, LLC
sary to zero or calibrate before making measurements, ladybug-tech.com

Product Highlights
Thin-Film Hybrids
Ciao Wireless Inc., founded in February, 2003, is dedi- Exceptional Value without sacrificing Quality and
cated to serving the RF & Microwave Community in the Reliability.
design and manufacture of RF & Microwave Thin-Film
Ciao Wireless
Hybrid Amplifiers, Radial Power Combiners-Dividers and ciaowireless.com
Space Qualified Amplifier Assemblies. Ciao is committed
in providing the Highest Performance designs at an
Low PIM Adapters

MECA also offers Low PIM (-165 dBc Typ) Type N
Right Angle Adapters as well as 7/16 DIN and Type N
Bulkhead Adapters for DAS Applications featuring indus-
try leading PIM performance of -160 dBc Min. Other in
series and between series models also available in demar-
cation panels. Made in USA and 36-month warranty.
MECA Electronics
e-meca.com

55
Product Highlights
Directional Coupler
KRYTAR announced a new Directional Coupler operating in the frequency
range of 0.5 to 20.0 GHz offering Nominal Coupling of 6 dB in a compact package.
KRYTARs new directional coupler is uniquely designed for systems applica-
tions where external leveling, precise monitoring, signal mixing or swept trans-
mission and reflection measurements are required. The coupler provides simple
solutions for many applications including electronic warfare (EW), commercial
wireless, SATCOM, radar, signal monitoring and measurement, antenna beam
forming, and EMC testing environments. For many space-restricted applica-
tions the compact size makes KRYTAR directional couplers ideal.
KRYTAR
krytar.com
Coupler
KRYTAR, Inc., a leader in the
design and production of ultra-
broadband microwave components
and test equipment announces a
new Directional Coupler specifical-
ly designed for thermal vacuum
environmental applications operat-
ing over the frequency range of 2.0
to 8.6 GHz.
KRYTARs new directional cou-
pler is uniquely designed for ther-
mal vacuum environmental applica-
tions where external leveling, pre-
cise monitoring, signal mixing or
swept transmission and reflection
measurements are required. These
unique couplers undergo additional
reliability and quality assurance
inspections during all phases of
assembly and electrical evaluation.
KRYTARs successful space-applica-
tion heritage offers distinct quali-
ties including: innovative products;
quick-reaction capability; design
responsiveness; flexibility; fast pro-
duction turn-around; and close part-
nerships with customers.
KRYTAR
Get info at www.HFeLink.com krytar.com
Product Highlights
3.5mm Precision In-Series Adapters

SGMC Microwaves 3.5mm series are precision grade Ruggedized construction for repeatability and reliabil-
connectors designed for use with microwave applications ity
requiring excellent performance up to 34 GHz. SGMC Phase matched adapters
offers an extensive line of 3.5mm precision adapters, Captivated Center Contact (One piece swept right
receptacles, and cable connectors for various semi-rigid angle contacts)
and flexible coaxial cables. Special designs are also avail- Low VSWR and insertion loss (1.25:1 Max / Typically
able upon request. under 1.18:1 up to 34 GHz)
Frequency Range: DC to 34 GHz Available to ship same day from stock
Mechanically compatible with SMA & 2.92mm con-
SGMC Microwave
nector series sgmcmicrowave.com
Mult-Function Modules
Microwave Solutions Inc. offers the microwave system within a single package. Examples include an attenuator-
designer the option of specifying multiple signal control amplifier-coupler-detector module, a coupler-sampler
functions within a single, standard size drop-in module. module with multiple sample ports, and a coupler-cou-
Originally designed for radar and microwave test instru- pler-detector module for both coupling and power level
ments, these Multi-Function Modules (MFM) can provide detection.
gain control, amplification, coupler and/or detection for an
Microwave Solutions
integrated automatic level control (ALC) function all microwavesolutions.com

57
Product Highlights
Hand Formed Cable Assemblies

VidaRF offers DC-18GHz Hand Formed Semi Flex cable assemblies. The outer shield is copper braid, silver plated
to minimize signal leakage and maintain flexibility for ease of bending to your requirement. Option to include insu-
lated clear or blue jacket reducing risk of shorting. Available in a wide variety of connector combinations. Excellent
return loss and insertion loss.
VidaRF will provide rapid delivery
service. Our programs have been devel-
oped to produce large volume as well as
quick turnaround for your custom

designs. Stock parts will ship within
24 hours. Our standard delivery
lead time is 2-3 weeks for Connectors
and Cable Assemblies, 3-4 weeks for
other Components.
VidaRF
vidarf.com
Phase Shifter
PMI Model No. PS-360-DC-3
OPTION 618-15D is an 8-bit,
Digitally Controlled Phase Shifter
that provides range of 360 in 256
Steps over the 6.0 to 18.0 GHz fre-
quency range. This unit has a typi-
cal insertion loss of 10 dB, accuracy
of 15 Max (Peak to Peak) -
Measured 6.6, PM/AM of 2.5 dB
Max - Measured 1.2 dB and a
VSWR of 2.0:1 Max. It is supplied
with removable SMA (F) connec-
tors in a housing measuring 1.6 x
1.75 x 0.5.
Planar Monolithics Industries
pmi-rf.com

Product Highlights
MOSFET Driver
Analog Devices announces the LTC7004, a high The LTC7004 is designed to receive a ground-refer-
speed, high side N-channel MOSFET driver that oper- enced, low voltage digital input signal and quickly drive
ates up to a 60V supply voltage. Its internal charge pump a high side N-channel power MOSFET whose drain can
fully enhances an external N-channel MOSFET switch, be between 0V and 60V (65V abs max). The LTC7004
enabling it to remain on indefinitely. The LTC7004s pow- operates from a 3.5V to 15V driver bias supply range
erful 1 gate driver can easily drive large gate capaci- with an adjustable undervoltage lockout. The fast 13ns
tance MOSFETs with very short transition times and rise and fall times, when driving a 1,000pF load, mini-
35ns propagation delays, well suited for both high fre- mize switching losses. Other features include an adjust-
quency switching and static switch applications. able turn-on slew rate and an adjustable overvoltage
lockout.
Analog Devices
analog.com
Spectrum Monitoring, Analysis

Keysight Technologies announced a collaboration How to BOOSTSALES
BOOST
BOOST SALES
SALES
with ThinkRF, a leader in software-defined spectrum Via a Cost-Effective PR Campaign
analysis, to enable deep and consistent signal quality
measurements across many different deployments and
applications. The resulting solution, based on Press Releases Articles
Keysights industry-leading 89600 VSA software, sets White Papers Online and in Print
a new standard for open, flexible and cost-effective
spectrum monitoring and analysis. Tim Burkhard has 30 years of proven experience promoting
The combined Keysight and ThinkRF solution companies, technology, and products in the RF and
Microwave space. Multiple studies show that increasing PR
couples Keysights 89600 VSA software with ThinkRFs increases your bottom line, in good times and bad.
R5500 real-time spectrum analyzer to provide cost-
effective spectrum monitoring and comprehensive vec- Cost-effective and targeted PR, promotion, and
tor signal analysis for government agencies and aero- advertising experience.
space and defense firms. Developers can now explore Exposure equals leads equals sales opportunities. Call
virtually every facet of a signal and optimize even the or mail or call today for a free quote from a proven
most advanced designs. professional.
Keysight Technologies
Tim Burkhard
keysight.com tpburk@aol.com 707-544-9977

59
Product Focus
Cable Assemblies: Wireless

Infrastructure
These cables deliver a

maximum operating
frequency of 6 GHz and
a maximum VSWR of
cable. These cables deliver a maximum operating fre-
quency of 6 GHz and a maximum VSWR of 1.25:1 up to
2 GHz and 1.35:1 up to 6 GHz. They are offered with
4.3-10, 7/16 DIN, N and 4.1-9.5 mini-DIN connector com-
binations including right-angle connectors. These low-
PIM cable assemblies are lightweight, flexible and can
operate in a temperature range of -55C to +125C.

This new family of low-PIM cables encompasses 36
1.25:1 up to 2 GHz and connector and length variants. The timing of this prod-
uct release is perfect because another generation of wire-
1.35:1 up to 6 GHz. less systems is rolling out and our customers are going
to need more low-PIM interconnects, said Dan Birch,
Product Manager.
Pasternacks new low-PIM, plenum-rated SPP-250-
Pasternack launched a new line of low-PIM, plenum- LLPL cable assemblies are in stock and ready for immedi-
rated SPP-250-LLPL cable assemblies for use in wireless ate shipment with no minimum order quantity. For
infrastructure. Typical applications include distributed detailed information on these products, please visit
antenna systems (DAS), indoor wireless systems, multi- https://www.pasternack.com/pages/RF-Microwave-and-
carrier communication systems and PIM testing. Millimeter-Wave-Products/low-pim-plenum-rated-spp-
Pasternacks 36 new low-PIM jumper cables are made 250-llpl-cable-assemblies.html.
with UL910 plenum-rated SPP-250-LLPL cable and fea-
Pasternack
ture a maximum PIM level of -155 dBc. PIM levels have pasternack.com
been fully tested with PIM test results marked on each

Mini-Circuits PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT
Super-Flexible Spaghetti Cables with 0.064 Diameter, DC to 18 GHz
Need to reduce size, weight, and bulk in your cable layout? Mini-Circuits new SLC-
series spaghetti cables are just 0.64 in diameter and provide excellent stability of phase
and amplitude versus flexure to bends as tight as 0.25 inches for a wide range of appli-
cations from DC to 18 GHz. Theyve been performance qualified to 100,000 flexures so
you can be confident youre getting reliable performance and extra-long life in the most
demanding environments. Use them with your environmental test chambers to test
more units at once and improve throughput, or reduce size and weight in your cable assembly. Model SLC-6FT-SMSM+ is
6 ft. in length and provides low insertion loss (1.6 dB to 1 GHz; 8.8 dB to 18 GHz) and excellent return loss (34.1 dB to 6
GHz; 29.9 dB to 18 GHz). SLC-series spaghetti cables are available off the shelf in a variety of lengths with SMA connec-
tors to meet your needs.
Surface Mount RF Power Tap Provides 20 dB Coupling from DC to 6000 MHz

Mini-Circuits RBDC-20-63+ is a surface mount RF signal power tap with a wide frequency
range from DC to 6000 MHz, covering all the major wireless communications bands. This
model provides 20 dB nominal coupling with 1.3 dB flatness, 1.35 dB mainline loss, and 20
dB typical return loss. It is capable of handling up to 0.25W RF input power and comes
housed in a miniature plastic case (0.25 x 0.31 x 0.16) with wraparound terminations for
excellent solderability.
Surface Mount 4-Way 0 Splitter/Combiner, 680 to 6000 MHz

Mini-Circuits SCPS-4-62+ 4-way 0 surface-mount power splitter/combiner covers fre-
quencies from 1 to 650 MHz, covering a wide range of applications including VHF/UHF,
GPS, and more. This model provides maximum input power handling of 1W (as a splitter),
good matching VSWR of 1.1:1, 1.0 dB insertion loss, and 26 dB isolation. The splitter pro-
duces nearly equal output signals with 1 phase unbalance and 0.3 dB amplitude unbal-
ance. Housed in a shielded package measuring 0.74 x 0.44 x 0.19, the SCPS-4-62+ split-
ter/combiner is an excellent fit for dense circuit board layouts.
Ultra-Wideband Coaxial LNA, Matched from 0.5 to 12 GHz

Mini-Circuits ZX60-123LN+ is an ultra-wideband connectorized LNA providing low noise figure
of 2.4 dB across the entire 0.5 to 12 GHz frequency range, supporting a broad range of applica-
tions including WiFi, LTE, S-Band radar, C-Band and X-band SatCom, instrumentation and more.
It delivers 17 dB typical gain with 2.4 dB flatness, P1dB of +16 dBm, and +28 dBm. The ampli-
fier achieves good input and output return loss over its full frequency range without any external
matching componentry required. It operates on a single +12V supply with low current con-
sumption and comes housed in a rugged, compact unibody case (0.74 x 0.75 x 0.46) with SMA
connectors.
High-Power Coaxial Bias Tee Handles 80W from 20 to 1000 MHz

Mini-Circuits ZABT-80W-13+ is a high power coaxial bias tee capable of handling up to 80W RF input
power from 20 to 1000 MHz. Capable of handling up to 5A DC current, this model is ideal for
high-power systems requiring DC feed on the RF line such as remote antennas and repeaters. It pro-
vides 0.6 dB typical insertion loss, 1.2:1 VSWR, and high DC-RF isolation up to 70 dB. The unit
comes housed in a rugged aluminum alloy case (3.00 x 2.06 x 2.03) with SMA connectors and heat
sink included for efficient cooling.
Mini-Circuits

POWER
SPLITTERS
COMBINERS
from 2 kHz to 40 GHz as low as 89 ea.( qty.1000)
W!
NETHE WIDEST BANDWIDTH IN THE INDUSTRY
IN A SINGLE MODEL!
EP2K1+ 2 to 26.5 GHz
EP2W1+ 0.5 to 9.5 GHz
EP2C+ 1.8 to 12.5 GHz
The industrys largest selection includes THOUSANDS

of models from 2 kHz to 40 GHz, with up to 300 W power
handling, in coaxial,flat-pack, surface mount and rack mount
housings for 50 and 75 systems.
From 2-way through 48-way designs, with 0, 90, or 180
phase configurations, Mini-Circuits power splitter/combiners offer a vast
selection of features and capabilities to meet your needs from high power
and low insertion loss to ultra-tiny LTCC units and much more.
Need to find the right models fast? Visit minicircuits.com and use Yoni2!
Its our patented search engine that searches actual test data for the models
that meet your specific requirements! Youll find test data, S-parameters,
PCB layouts, pricing, real-time availability, and everything
you need to make a smart decision fast!
All Mini-Circuits catalog models are available off the shelf for immediate
shipment, so check out our website today for delivery as soon as tomorrow!
RoHS Compliant
o S
Product availability is listed on our website.
COMPLIANT
Mini-Circuits
www.minicircuits.com P.O. Box 350166, Brooklyn, NY 11235-0003 (718) 934-4500 sales@minicircuits.com 448 rev T
Advertiser Index
Company Page
Advanced Switch Technology............................................................... 51
Akoustis................................................................................................. 35 PUBLISHER
AMCOM................................................................................................. 52
API Technologies..................................................................................... 1
Scott Spencer
Besser Associates.................................................................................. 46 Tel:603-759-1840
Coilcraft................................................................................................. 11 scott@highfrequencyelectronics.com
C. W. Swift & Associates.......................................................................C2
Damaskos.............................................................................................. 51 ADVERTISING SALESNEW ENGLAND
dBm.......................................................................................................... 7
Delta Electronics................................................................................... 19
Stuart Dale
Fairview Microwave.............................................................................. 17 508-655-6902
Equipto Electronics............................................................................... 48 stuart@highfrequencyelectronics.com
Herotek.................................................................................................. 14
IW Microwave....................................................................................... 15 ADVERTISING SALES EAST
JFW Industries.....................................................................................C4
KRYTAR................................................................................................ 56 Gary Rhodes
L-3 Narda-MITEQ................................................................................ 37 Vice President, Sales
Luff Research........................................................................................ 50
Tel:631-274-9530
MECA Electronics................................................................................. 55
Micro Lambda Wireless.......................................................................... 9 grhodes@highfrequencyelectronics.com
Microwave Components........................................................................ 49
Mini-Circuits....................................................................................... 2, 3 ADVERTISING SALES CENTRAL
Mini-Circuits......................................................................................... 21 Keith Neighbour
Mini-Circuits......................................................................................... 23
Tel:773-275-4020
Mini-Circuits......................................................................................... 31
Mini-Circuits......................................................................................... 43 keith@highfrequencyelectronics.com
Mini-Circuits................................................................................... 62, 63
National Instruments............................................................................. 5 ADVERTISING SALES WEST
National Instruments........................................................................... 47 Tim Burkhard
Pasternack............................................................................................. 24
Associate Publisher
Pasternack............................................................................................. 25
Planar Monolithics Industries............................................................. 13 Tel: 707-544-9977
Pulsar Microwave................................................................................. 20 tim@highfrequencyelectronics.com
Pulsar Microwave................................................................................. 41
RF Bay................................................................................................... 51 ADVERTISING SALESSOUTHWEST
SAGE Millimeter............................................................................ 32, 33
Jeff Victor
Satellink................................................................................................ 51
Sector Microwave.................................................................................. 50 Tel: 224-436-8044
SGMC Microwave.................................................................................C3 jeff@highfrequencyelectronics.com
Southwest Microwave........................................................................... 53
Times Microwave.................................................................................. 45 ADVERTISING SALES NEW
VidaRF................................................................................................... 58
Wenteq Microwave................................................................................ 51
ACCOUNTS & PRODUCT SHOWCASE
The ad index is provided as an additional service by the publisher, Joanne Frangides
who assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions.
Tel:201-666-6698
n Find Our Advertisers Web Sites using HFeLink joanne@highfrequencyelectronics.com
1. G
o to our company information Web site:
www.HFeLink.com, or
U.K. AND EUROPE
2. F
rom www.highfrequencyelectronics.com, click on the HFeLink
reminder on the home page Sam Baird
3. C
ompanies in our current issue are listed, or you can choose one of
Tel:+44 1883 715 697
our recent issues
4. F
ind the company you want ... and just click! sam@highfrequencyelectronics.com
5. Or ... view our Online Edition and simply click on any ad!
High Frequency Electronics (USPS 024-316) is published monthly by Summit Technical Media, LLC, 3 Hawk Dr., Bedford, NH 03110.
Vol. 16 No.9 September 2017. Periodicals Postage Paid at Manchester, NH and at additional mailing offices.
POSTMASTER: Send address corrections to High Frequency Electronics, PO Box 10621, Bedford, NH 03110-0621.
Subscriptions are free to qualified technical and management personnel involved in the design, manufacture and distribution of electronic equipment and
systems at high frequencies. Copyright 2017 Summit Technical Media, LLC

QUALITY, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY
IN PRECISION COAXIAL CONNECTORS
EDGE LAUNCH BETWEEN SERIES BULKHEAD & PANEL

CONNECTORS ADAPTERS ADAPTERS
IN SERIES ADAPTERS CABLE CONNECTORS CUSTOM DESIGNS
ADAPTERS CABLE CONNECTORS RECEPTACLES CUSTOM DESIGNS
Including These Connector Series

1.85mm DC-65 GHz 2.92mm DC-40 GHz 7mm DC-18 GHz
2.4mm DC-50 GHz 3.5mm DC-34 GHz SSMA DC-40 GHz
ISO 9001:2008
SGMC Microwave The name to count on for Quality, Performance

and Reliability! Please contact us today by Phone, Fax or Email.
Manufacturer of Precision Coaxial Connectors

620 Atlantis Road, Melbourne, FL 32904
Phone: 321-409-0509 Fax: 321-409-0510
sales@sgmcmicrowave.com
www.sgmcmicrowave.com

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highfrequencyelectronics.

Using Component Models

Meetings and Events: Featuring

In the News: Hurricane Harvey

Market Reports: Global Satellite

Ideas for Todays Engineers: Analog Digital RF Microwave MM-Wave Lightwave

Attenuators and Terminations

Bias Tees, DC Blocks and Power Dividers

Gain Equalizers and Phase Shifters

Adapters, Connectors and Accessories

API Technologies is proud to offer Inmet and Weinschel brand components.

w w w. i nm e t. a p ite c h . co m | w w w. weinschel. apitech. co m

DC-50 GHz $29 95 from ea. (1-49)

www.minicircuits.com P.O. Box 350166, Brooklyn, NY 11235-0003 (718) 934-4500 sales@minicircuits.com

8 Meetings & Events 12 In the News 42 Product Highlights

16 Featured Products 64 Advertiser Index

4 High Frequency Electronics

Subscription Services Three Conferences

6 High Frequency Electronics

EDI CON 2017

HFEs October Issue

Single Slot PXI

For more information contact Micro Lambda Wireless.

46515 Landing Parkway, Fremont CA 94538 (510) 770-9221 sales@microlambdawireless.com

10 High Frequency Electronics

Coilcraft is the brand engineers trust most

Get info at www.HFeLink.com

14 High Frequency Electronics

Impedance: 50 ohm RF leakage, min: -100 dB to 18 GHz

Max RF Power in Watts Attenuation in dB/100 ft

Frequency (GHz) Frequency (GHz)

Were how the microwave industry gets connected!

SSPAs Video: MIMO and Beam-Steering

300 W GaN Power Transistor

Were RF On Demand, with over one million RF and microwave components

RF Amp Chip Termination

0.1 to 6 GHz Amp

18 High Frequency Electronics

(FAS), passive and active multipliers

Get info at www.HFeLink.com

COUPLERS Value Priced

www.minicircuits.com P.O. Box 350166, Brooklyn, NY 11235-0003 (718) 934-4500 sales@minicircuits.com

Using High Accuracy Models

By Ted Longshore and Larry Dunleavy

22 High Frequency Electronics

ZVM-273HP+ 13000-26500 14.5 0.5

24 High Frequency Electronics

Power (dBm). Efficiency (%)

32.99 dBm 32.95 dBm

can for some applications proceed to achieve reasonable

Model-Enabled Final Stage Design Effort

26 High Frequency Electronics

output power and efficiency, and the increase in gain as

attempt was made to optimize the matching at the har-

transistor model. This facilitates optimization of effi-

ciency when used in concert with the HB tuner tool.

design is at a maximum when the drain current is at a

minimum, indicating high efficiency.

The next step is to replace the HB tuner tool with

discrete and distributed components to present the same

optimal ZL to the transistor drain, and then re-optimize

the input and output match for optimal performance

across the operating frequency. This is shown in Figure 6.