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Eugenio Giacomazzi,ENEA
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle
Context
The International Energy Agency (IEA) suggests three scenarios
ahead to 2050*:
the 2C Scenario (2DS): a rise in global temperature of 2C in a vision of a
sustainable energy system of reduced Greenhouse Gas (GHG) and CO2
emissions;
the 4C Scenario (4DS): a rise in global temperature of 4C, reflecting
pledges by countries to cut emissions and boost energy efficiency;
the 6C Scenario (6DS): a rise in global temperature of 6C, where the
world is now heading with potentially devastating results.
*IEA - Energy Technology Perspective (ETP) 2012
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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle
Context
Electricity demand increase both in 2DS and 4DS*.
*IEA - Energy Technology Perspective (ETP) 2012
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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle
Context
Despite the growth of low-carbon sources of energy, natural gas is
a transitional fuel also in the 2DS *:
power generation from natural gas increases up to 2030 in the 2DS and the
4DS;
from 2030 to 2050 generation differs markedly, but natural gas remains a
consistent source.
*IEA - Energy Technology Perspective (ETP) 2012
4DS 2DS
10 000 10 000
7 500 7 500
TWh
5 000 5 000
2 500 2 500
0 0
2009 2020 2030 2040 2050 2009 2020 2030 2040 2050
OECD Non-OECD
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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle
Context
The share of unconventional gas of total gas supply continues to
increase in both 4DS and 2DS*.
*IEA - Energy Technology Perspective (ETP) 2012
4DS
2DS
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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle
Context
To achieve the 2DS, energy-related CO2 emissions must be
halved until 2050*.
*IEA - Energy Technology Perspective (ETP) 2012
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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle
Context
Technologies contribution to reaching the 2DS vs 4DS: CCS are
the 20% of the solution*.
*IEA - Energy Technology Perspective (ETP) 2012
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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle
Context
Key issues:
from 2009 to 2050 global final electricity demand doubles
CCS is a key technology to make sustainable the energy demand from
fossil fuels
both conventional and unconventional natural gas continue to play an
important role in power generation until 2050
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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle
Concept
The basic scheme is a Brayton-Joule cycle in closed or semi-closed
configuration which uses supercritical CO2 (S-CO2) as working fluid.
The reasons of growing interest toward this technology are
manifold:
simple cycle efficiency potentially above 50%;
near zero-emissions cycle;
footprints one hundredth of traditional turbomachinery for the same power
output due to the high density of working fluid;
extraction of pipeline ready CO2 for sequestration or enhanced oil recovery,
without both CO2 capture facilities and compression systems;
integration with concentrating solar power (CSP), waste heat, nuclear and
geothermal, with high efficiency in energy conversion;
applications with severe volume constraints such as ship propulsion.
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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle
Concept
S-CO2 Brayton-Joule cycle natural gas-fired in semi-closed
configuration with oxy-combustion
Near Critical Point CO2
FUEL OXYGEN
CO2
CONDENSER
CO2
WATER
CO2 Pipeline Ready
to storage
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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle
State-of-the-art
Project Rationale
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Contact
ITALIAN NATIONAL AGENCY
FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY AND
SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
UTTEI Unit of Advanced Technologies for Energy and Industry
COMSO Sustainable Combustion Processes Laboratory
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