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IV) Orbitals
a. Types of orbitals (s, p, d, f, g, h)
b. Aufbau diagram
1. C 8. A
2. B 9. A
10. B
3. B 11. D
4. B 12. E
5. E 13. C
6. D 14. E
7. C 15. Schrodinger
b) W: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p66s24f145d4
c) Ni: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d8
17. a) 14
b) 9
c) 2, 6, 10, 14 (s, p, d, f)
d) 3
Chemical Naming and Writing Formulas Outline
IX) Acids
a. Properties
b. definition
c. three rules for naming
i. hydrogen _____ide gives hydro _____ic acid
ii. hydrogen _____ate gives _________ic acid
iii. hydrogen _____ite gives _________ous acid
Review Naming Chemical Compounds
The following are a good mix of naming and formula writing problems to help you get
some practice. I will expect that you know how to name both ionic and covalent
compounds in your work.
8) CuOH ______________________________________________
9) Zn(NO2)2 ______________________________________________
10) V2S5 ______________________________________________
1) carbon tetrafluoride
2) BF3
3) NF3
4) H2CS
5) CH2F2
6) O2
7) PF3
8) H2S
Lewis Structures, VSEPR, Polarity, IM Forces - Answers
1) carbon tetrafluoride
Tetrahedral
~1090
Nonpolar
London dispersion forces
2) BF3
Trigonal planar
1200
Nonpolar
London dispersion forces
3) NF3
Pyramidal
~1070
Polar
Dipole dipole forces
London dispersion forces
4) H2CS
Trigonal planar
1200
Polar
Dipole dipole forces
London dispersion forces
5) carbonate ion
5) CH2F2
Tetrahedral
~1090
Polar
Dipole dipole forces
London dispersion forces
7) nitrate ion
6) O2
London dispersion forces
7) PF3 Pyramidal
~1070
Polar
Dipole dipole forces
London dispersion forces
8) H2S
Bent or v-shape
~1050
Polar
Dipole dipole forces
London dispersion forces
Factor-Label Technique
1) Calculate the number of moles of Al O that are produced when 0.60 mol of Fe is produced
in the following reaction:
2Al(s) + 3FeO(s) 3Fe(s) + Al O (s)
2) How many moles of H PO are produced when 71.0 g P O reacts completely to form
H3PO4?
3) The equation below shows the decomposition of lead nitrate. How many grams of oxygen are
produced when 11.5 g NO is formed?
4) How many liters of O are needed to react completely with 45.0 L of H S at STP?
2H S(g) + 3O (g) 2SO (g) + 2H O(g)
6) What is my actual yield of uranium hexabromide if I start with 100 grams of uranium and get
a percent yield of 83%?
U + 3 Br2 UBr6
7) A 500-g sample of Al (SO ) is reacted with 450 g of Ca(OH) . A total of 596 g of CaSO
is produced. What is the limiting reagent in this reaction, and how many moles of excess
reagent are unreacted?
Al (SO ) (aq) + 3Ca(OH) (aq) 2Al(OH) (s) + 3CaSO (s)
Stoichiometry Answers:
1) 0.20mol
2) 1.00mol
3) 2.00g
4) 67.5L O2
5) a) 20. grams of FeCl2 b) 20%
6) 301.4 grams; 250g
7) Al2(SO4)3 is the limiting reagent. There is an excess of 1.69mol of Ca(OH)2.
Solutions Outline
1. What volume of concentrated sulphuric acid (17.6M) is needed to make 500.mL of 0.250M
solution? (7.1mL)
2. What is the molarity of a solution in which 50.0g NaNO3 is dissolved to form 750. mL
solution? (0.784M)
5. To create a dilute solution 47.5mL of 4.00M KI are diluted to a volume of 250mL. What is
the concentration of this new dilute solution? (0.76M)
6. Aluminum sulphate and barium nitrate undergo a chemical reaction. How many millilitres of
0.280M barium nitrate are required to react fully with 25.0mL of 0.350M aluminium
sulphate? (93.8mL)
7. What volume of 0.496M HCl is required to react fully with 20.0mL of 0.890M sodium
hydroxide? (35.9mL)
8. In the reaction of silver nitrate with calcium bromide, 35.0mL of 0.128M calcium bromide is
used. If the concentration of silver nitrate used is 0.415M what volume of silver nitrate is
required? (0.0216L)
Gas Laws
I) Properties of Gases
a. Easily compressible
b. Factors that affect gas pressure
i. Amount of gas (moles)
ii. Volume
iii. Temperature (in Kelvins)
1. Using kinetic theory, explain why a tire is more likely to blow out during a trip in the
summer than during one in the winter.
2. Use kinetic theory to explain why on a cold autumn morning a campers air mattress may
appear to be somewhat flatter than when it was blown up the afternoon before. Assume
no leaks.
3. The volume of a gas at 155.0 kPa changes from 22.0 L to 10.0 L. What is the new
pressure if the temperature remains constant? (341 kPa)
4. Exactly 10.0 L of O2 at 250C is heated to 100.00C. What is the new volume if the pressure
is kept constant? (13L)
5. A gas at a pressure of 501 kPa and a temperature of 250C occupies a volume of 5.2 L.
When the gas is heated to 100.00C the volume increases to 7.00 L. What is the new
pressure? (470kPa)
6. A sample of O2 with an initial temperature of 50.00C and a volume of 105 L is cooled to
250C. The new pressure is 105.4 kPa and the new volume is 55.0 L. What was the initial
pressure of the sample? (60.kPa)
7. A sample of argon gas is at a pressure of 1.24 x 104 kPa and a temperature of 240C in a
rigid 25-L tank. How many moles of argon does this tank contain? (1.3 x 102 mol)
8. A 35.0-L tank contains 7.00 mol of compressed air. If the pressure inside the tank is
500.0 kPa, what is the temperature of the compressed gas? (301 K)
9. How many grams of helium does a 25.0-L balloon contain at 102.0 kPa and 240C? (4.1g)
10. Calculate the volume that 2.25 mol of O2(g) will occupy at STP. (50.4L)
11. A sample of water vapor occupies a volume of 10.5 L at 200.0C and 100.0 kPa. What
volume will the water vapor occupy when it is cooled to 270C if the pressure remains
constant? (6.7L)
12. What is the volume occupied by 0.355 mole of nitrogen gas at STP? (7.95L)
13. What is the volume of a container that holds 25.0 g of carbon dioxide gas at STP?
(12.7L)
Sample Review Test Questions
1. What is the next atomic orbital to be filled in the series 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p?
7. How many grams of sodium hydroxide are required to completely neutralize 25.0g of
sulphuric acid?
9. Which of the following elements can form diatomic molecules held together by triple
covalent bonds?
a) hydrogen b) carbon c) oxygen d) fluorine e) nitrogen
10. According to VSEPR theory, what is the shape of the methane molecule?
12. What is the concentration of a solution made by dissolving 10.0g CaCl2 to make 1.2 L of
solution?
14. Find the final volume when a 100.0 mL of a 5.00 mol/L solution of ammonium
phosphate is diluted to a larger volume by adding more water. The new concentration is
3.00 mol/L.
15. Predict the products and write the total and net ionic equation for the following:
KCl aq AgNO3 aq
16. The volume of a gas is 0.80L at 101.3kPa and 0 C. What volume will it occupy at
101.3kPa and 24 C?
17. A 1.09g sample of H2 is contained in a 2.00L container at 20.0 C. What is the pressure
in this container?
Sample Review Test Questions- Answers
1. 4s
2. B
3. a) 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 or [Ar]4s2
b) 1s22s22p63s23p63d24s2 or [Ar]3d24s2
c) 1s22s22p6 or [He]2s22p6
7. 20.39g
8. a) 8.8g
b) 6.03g
c) 0.146 mol
9. E
10. Tetrahedral
11. a) b) c)
12. 0.075M
13. B
14. 167mL
16. 0.87L