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LAYERS OF ATMOSPHERE:
EXOSPHERE Outermost layer (640-1,280 Km from surface
IONOSPHERE Starts from 70-80 Km high and continues up to
640 Km
MESOSPHERE Characterized by temperatures that quickly
decreases as height increases; extends from between
50-80 Km. above earths surface
STRATOSPHERE Characterized by slight temperature increase
altitude and the absence of clouds; extends between 17-50
Km above the earths surface
TROPOPAUSE Boundary zone between the troposphere and the
stratosphere
TROPOSPHERE The lowest region in earths atmosphere; it
starts from ground level up to 17 km high
V. DEMANDABLE RIGHTS
To breathe clean air
To utilize and enjoy natural resources in accord with sustainable development principle
To participate in the formulation of environmental policies
To participate in decision-making
To be informed on the nature and extent of potential hazard and to be served of
TIMELY notice
To access public records (See Sec. 8, Art. III, 1987 Phil. Constitution)
To enjoin activities that violate environmental laws and regulations
To compel rehab and clean up
To seek imposition of penalties against violators
To seek compensation by way of personal damages
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X. HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
Those that present:
1) short-term acute hazards, e.g. acute toxicity by ingestion, inhalation or skin
absorption, corrosivity or other skin or eye contact or the risk of fire explosion; or
2) long-term toxicity thru:
- repeated exposure
- carcinogecity
- resistance to detoxification process, e.g. biodegration
- the potential to pollute underground or surface water
XIX. INCINERATION
Means the burning of municipal, bio-medical and hazardous wastes which process emits
toxic and poisonous fumes (?)
Case: MMDA V. JANCOM, G.R. 147465, Jan. 30, 2002
Ruling: Sec. 20 does not absolutely prohibit incineration as a mode of waste disposal;
rather only those burning processes which emit poisonous and toxic fumes are banned.
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- Traditional agricultural, cultural, health and food preparation
- Crematoria
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Plans & Specs of installation and control facilities
Air Quality Impact Analysis
Vicinity Map
XXXIX. Table 2. NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR SPECIFIC AIR POLLUTANTS (NESSAP)
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Antimony & its cmpds. 10 as Sb (Any source)
Arsenic & its cmpds. 10 as As (Any source)
Cadmium & its cmpds. 10 as Cd (Any source)
Carbon Monoxide 500 as Co (Any industrial source)
Copper & its cmpds. 100 as Cu ( Any industrial source
Hydrofluoric Acid and Fluoride Cmpds 50 as HF (Any source except Aluminum
manufacturer
Hydrogen Sulfide
a) Geothermal Power Plants not more than 150 g/GMW-Hr for new; 200 g/GMW-hr for
existing
b) Geothermal Exploration and Well Testing Best Available Control Technology
a) Any other source -7 as H2S
Lead 10 as Pb (Any trade, industry, process)
Mercury 5 as elemental Hg (Any source)
Nickel & its cmpds. except Nickel Carbonyl 20 as Ni (Any source)
NOx
a) Manufacturer of Nitric Acid 2,000 as acid & NO2
b) Fuel Burning Steam Generators 1,500 as NO2
b.1) Existing 1,000 as NO2
b.2) New Source
Coal-fired 500 as NO2
Oil-fired 500 as NO2
c) Diesel-powered Electricity Generators 2,000 as NO2
d) Any other source: Existing 1,000 NO2; New 500 NO2
Particulates:
a) Fuel-burning equipment - 150
- Urban/Industrial Area: 200
- Other Areas: 150
b) Cement Plants (Kilns, etc.) 150
c) Smelting Furnaces 200
d) Other Stationary Sources - 200
Phosphorus Pentoxide 200 as P2O5
Sulfur Oxides:
1. Existing Sources
a) Manufacture of Sulfuric Acid/Sulfation Process 2,000 as SO3
b) Fuel-Burning Equipment 1,500 as SO2
c) Other Stationary Sources 1,000 as SO3
2. New Sources
a) Manufacture of Sulfuric Acid/Sulfation Process 1,500 as SO3
b) Fuel-Burning Equipment 700 as SO2
c) Other Stationary Sources 200 as SO3
Zinc and its cmpds. 100 as Zn
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XLII. INDUSTRIES REQUIRED TO INSTALL CEMS
Fossil fuel-fired Power Plants over 10 MW
Petroleum Refineries
Petrochemical Industries
Primary Copper Smelter Plants
Steel Plants (particulate only)
Ferro-alloy Production Facilities (particulate only)
Cement Plants (particulate only)
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XLVIII. NON-BURN TECHNOLOGIES (Rule XXVIII, IRR)
Since Incineration is banned, use of state-of-the-art, environmentally sound and safe
thermal and non-burn technologies for handling, treatment, thermal destruction and disposal of
sorted, un-recycled, un-composted, biomedical and hazardous wastes is promoted
SMOKE EMISSION LIMITS UNDER STEADY STATE: HEAVY DUTY MOTOR VEHICLES
42 liters/second Nominal Flow 2.26 Absorption Coefficient (m-1)
100 liters/second Nominal Flow 1.495 AC
200 liters/second Nominal Flow 1.065 AC
Applicable to those equipped with Compression-Ignition Engines
OTHER STANDARDS
Opacity under free acceleration: not to exceed the approved level by more than 0.5 m-1
Fuel Evaporative emissions for spark ignition engines: not to exceed 2.0 grams per test
For all types of Motorcycles: CO emissions at idle should not exceed 6%
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LII. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR NEW MOTOR VEHICLES
Manufacturer, Assembler or Importer to provide:
Service Manual for proper use and maintenance of the vehicle
Relevant service info or specs to ensure proper functioning of emission control system
and compliance with emission standards
All gasoline-fueled MVs must be designed to operate on unleaded gasoline
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LXI. CONCEPT CITIZEN SUITS (Sec. 41)
Legal Actions available: Civil, Criminal, Administrative
Party Defendants: Any violator; Any Agency implementing inconsistent rules/regulations;
Any Public Official who willfully or grossly neglects the performance of an act specifically enjoined
as a duty under the Act or the IRR or who abuses his authority or improperly performs his duties
Thirty-day notice rule
Exemption from Filing Fees, Injunction Bond
Speedy disposition of the case within 30 days
Independence of Action Filing of administrative case does not preclude filing of
criminal or civil action; such civil action shall proceed independently
Filing of Admin Case does not preclude filing of Criminal or Civil Action
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LXVI. GROSS VIOLATIONS (Sec. 48)
Deemed Gross Violation
a) 3 or more specific offenses within 1 year
b) 3 or more specific offenses within 3 consecutive years
c) Blatant disregard of the Orders of the PAB
d) Irreparable or grave damage to environment
Penalty: 6 10 years imprisonment
END OF LECTURE
(Hopefully, Not Of the Earth)
All rights reserved
Copyright 2005
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