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consist of
o a patch in which
w a U-Shaaped slot is beeing cut, and a ground planne that is locaated on the bacck side of
the substtrate exactly parallel
p to the feed line. Thhe substrate width
w is 12mmm(Ws), and lenngth is 18mm m(Ls), and
the grounnd plane dimeension are 12m mm and 3mm respectively. The U-shape slot in the groound plane beh haves as a
resonant radiator, and the impedancce of the slot(Z Zs) is related with
w the compplementary dippole antenna(Z Zd) by the
relation: [Zd x Zs= 2/44], where ' ' is
i the intrinsicc impedance ofo free space.
The slot helps in matcching the patcch with the feeed line for a widerw range of
o frequencies by producing g resistive
input imppedance, and also determinnes the radiatiion pattern diistribution of the proposed antenna. Thee width of
the three rectangle shaaped slots thatt are being cuut in order to form
f the U-shhape slot in thhe patch are 0..7mm(W1
& W2) annd 0.4mm(W33 & W4), andd lengths of thee three blockss are 8.2mm(L L1 & L2) and 6mm(L3).
Current paths(Surfacee current) of three resonannt frequencies are formed due d to the sloot in the grou und plane,
which innduces three resonant moddes and imprroves the cap pacitance betw ween groundd plane and the t patch.
Bandwiddth and gain ennhancement is also achieveed, and the op ptimal dimenssion of the dessigned antenn na is taken
by perforrming parametric study. Figg.1 below show ws the geomeetrical descripttion of the prooposed antennna.
Fig. 1.
1 Patch(U-Shape) Dimensions Off The Proposed Anntenna
Fig. 2. Geometry
G Of Thee Ground Plane(W
With U-Slot)[Bacck View]
Inverted U-Shape Slott was introduuced in the grround plane in n order to obttain better im
mpedance matcching and
bandwidtth. The basic antenna struccture consists of a square patch,
p a feed line, and a groound plane. The
T square
patch hass a width . The patch is connnected to a feeed line of wid
dth and lengthh , as shown inn Fig.1. Bandw
width and
gain enhaancement is also
a achieved,, and the optim mal dimension n of the desiggned antenna is taken by peerforming
parametrric study.
Fig. 4 annd Fig. 5 deppicts the Side and Top Vieew of the anteenna simulateed in HFSS S Software. Thee feed-gap
distance, the sizes of U-shaped
U notcch, and the sizzes of two recctangular slotss in the antennnas patch to obtain
o the
wide banndwidth have been
b optimizeed by parametrric analysis.
I OBSERV
III. VATIONS AN ND RESULTS
A. Observations
From Return Loss Currve:
Resonant Frequencies Ob btained:
F1(In GH Hz)= 3.10GHzz, F2(In GHz))= 5.10GHz, F3(In
F GHz)= 88.7GHz
S11(In db) [R
Return Loss Or
O Reflection Co-Efficientt]:
S11(F1)= -38.22db, S111(F2)= -20.69d
db, S11(F3)= -37.61db
-
Bandwidth(B B.W)[In GHzz]:
The return loss graph is shown in Fig. 6. The three resonant frequencies here are 3.1GHz, 5.1GHz and 8.7GHz
respectively. The bandwidth in case of first and second resonant frequency is higher, and Gain is higher at two
resonant frequencies viz. F2= 5.10GHz and F3=8.7GHz.
VSWR Graph:
The Voltage standing wave ratio(VSWR) of the proposed antenna is shown in Fig. 7. VSWR signifies how well
the antenna is matched with the transmisssion line. It can be seen that highest value of VSWR is obtained at a
frequency of 4.5GHz(40db), and the lowest value of the same is obtained at a frequency of 8.4GHz.
Y-ParameterY(1,1) vs. Frequency Curve:
The elecctric field or "E" plane deetermines thee polarization or orientatioon of the raddio wave. Thee E-plane
radiationn pattern is aliigned in one direction, andd is also referrred to as Verrtical radiationn orientation. Fig. 9(a)
shows the radiation paattern of the prroposed antennna at 2.45GHz.
The H-Plane radiationn pattern lookks like a dumbbbell shape sttructure(bi-dirrectional patteern) since thee feed-line
patch junnction allow the
t alternatingg current to enter
e the antennna and leavees the antennaa through the radiating
edge of the
t patch and hence forminng a magnetic field pattern having field maxima
m at thee radiating ed
dges in the
Fig. 9(c) shows the raadiation patterrn of the propposed antennaa simulated att 2.45GHz. N Nearly Omni-d directional
pattern iss achieved herre. Good radiaation behaviouur is exhibited
d within the wiireless applicaations frequen
ncy range.
3d Polar Plott:
The 3d polar plot of thhe proposed anntenna is showwn in "Fig. 10" below. The pattern is alm
most getting eq
qual to
Omni-dirrectional patteern in the midddle portion.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I want to thank Dr. Subhrakanta Behera(Ass. Prof, School Of Electronics Engineering, KIIT University) for all
his valuable suggestions and advice. Also, I am grateful to all the faculty members of School Of Electronics
Engineering, KIIT University for all their support.
REFERENCES
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2000.
[2] R. Zaker, C. Ghobadi, and J. Nourinia, Novel modified UWB planar monopole antenna with variable frequency band-notch function,
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Monopole Antenna with Switchable Stubbed Ground Structure", Radio Engineering, Volume 24, No.2, June 2015.
AUTHOR PROFILE
Diptanuprasad Chakraborty is M-Tech student in School Of Electronics Engineering, KIIT University,
Bhubaneswar, India. He completed his B.E(ECE) from Sri Sairam Engineering College, Chennai in the year,
2014. His research interests are Microwave and Antenna, Optical Fibre Networks & Wireless Communication.