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Complete report of Animal Structure practicum with title The Integument System that
arranged by:
Name : Andi NUrhidayah
ID : 1114040171
Class : ICP of Biology A
Group : III (three)
After checked by Assistant and Assistant Coordinator, so this report was accepted.
Makassar, May 15th 2012
Asistant Coordinator, Assistant,
Muh. Rizaldy Trias Jaya Putra Muh. Rizaldy Trias Jaya Putra
ID. 081404024 ID. 081404024
A. Preview of Literatur
The integumantary system contains the largest organ in the human body, the skin. It
is also comprised of such extensions of the skin as hair and fingernails. The skin, however,
is the most important of these. The skin protects and cushions the body's delicate organs. It
also provides the body a physical barrier to keep out foreign materials and to prevent the
body from drying out. The skin is made of three separate layers, each with its own particular
function (Anonym a, 2012).
Skin and its derivatives and appendages form the integumentary system. In
humans,skin de-rivatives include nails,hair,and several types ofsweat and sebaceous
glands.Skin,or integument, consists oftwo distinct regions,the supercial epidermis and a
deep dermis.The supercial epi-dermis is nonvascular andlined by keratinized stratied
squamous epithelium with distinctcell types and cell layers.Inferior to the epidermis is the
vascular dermis, which ischaracterizedby dense irregular connective tissue.Beneath the
dermis is the hypodermis, or the subcutaneouslayer ofconnective tissue and adipose tissue
that forms the fascia seen in gross anatomy ( Aninym b, 2012).
Integument comes from the Latin word integument, meaning "cover"
or "enclosure." In animals and plants, an integument is any natural outer covering, suchas
skin, shell, membrane, or husk. The human integumentary system is an externalbody
covering, but also much more. It protects, nourishes, insulates, and cushions. Itis absolutely
essential to life. Without it, an individual would be attacked immediatelyby bacteria and die
from heat and water loss. The integumentary system is composedprimarily of the skin and
accessory structures. Those structures include hair, nails,and certain exocrine glands (glands
that have ducts or tubes that carry their secretionsto the surface of the skin or into body
cavities for elimination) (Jensen, 1979: 306).
The integumentary system is the organ system that protects the body fromdamage,
comprising the skin and its appendages (including hair, scales, and nails). The
integumentary system has a variety of functions; it may serve to waterproof,cushion and
protect the deeper tissues, excrete wastes, regulate temperature and is thelocation of
receptors for pain, sensation, pressure and temperature. In humans theintegumentary system
additionally provides vitamin D synthesis. The integumentarysystem is the largest organ
system. It distinguishes, separates, protects and informsthe animal with regard to its
surroundings. Small-bodied invertebrates of aquatic or continually moist habitats respire
using the outer layer (integument). This gasexchange system, where gases simply diffuse
into and out of the interstitial fluid, iscalled integumentary exchange (Brown, 1992 : 226).
The integument is actually one of the largest organ system of the body. The
function of the integument is to protect you against injury and parasitic invasion. It's a Good
way to keep the critters out! The integument also regulates the body temperature by
insulation you with a layer of fat underneath and aids the body in elimination, thereby
preventing dehydration. It is a reservoir for food and water. The integument is a sense organ
for the cutaneous (skin) senses. And when it is exposed to sunlight, it is able to absorb
(Anonym c, 2012).
B. Purpose
This experiment has purpose to observe the histology and anatomy structure of the
integument system and its derivate.
C. Work Procedure
1. Prepared the microscope according the way to use it.
2. Took the durable the materials of entigument system.
3. Observed the materials accurately.
4. Drew the materials in the paper.
5. Compared your observation result with that picture.
D. Result of Experiment
Picture Notes
1. Chelonia sp Dorsal (Carapace)
1. Nuchal
2. Central
3. Costa
4. Marginal
5. Supracanal
Ventral (Plastron)
1. Interngular
2. Epiplasteron
3. Endoplasteron
4. Hypoplasteron
5. Xiphiplasteron
6. Anal
7. Femoral
8. Abdominal
9. Pectorial
10. Humeral
11. Gular
2. Feathers 1. Vane
2. Rachis
3. Barb
4. Afterfeather
5. Downy barbs
6. Hollow shaft
calamus
3. Nail 1. Cuticle
(eponychium)
2. Nail Bed
3. Nail Plate
4. Hyponychium
5. Epiderm
6. Collagen Fibers
7. Nail Matrix
8. Distal Phalanx
9. Luluna
10. Paronychium
11. Proximal nail fold
4. Human Skin 1. Dermis
2. Hair Shaft
3. Epiderm
4. Arrectore Pili
Muscle
5. Sebaceous Gland
6. Hair Bulb
7. Hair Papilla
5. Anatomy of Horn 1. Horn
2. Bone
3. Skin