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What is sustainability?
Greening existing buildings
Energy efficiency in buildings
Operation and maintenance
Integrated facility management
References
The Brundtland Report
defines
Sustainable Development
(S.D.)
Contractors Construction
Building
Phase
Users Operation & maintenance
O&M Demolition/Disposal
Post-Building
Phase
Existing buildings
Major portion of building stocks
Consume significant amount of energy/resources
The potential in Hong Kong
Existing buildings 10-40 years old (completed in
1971-2000) = total about 80 millions sq.m
Residential: 15 millions sq.m
Non-residential: 41 millions sq.m
Combined residential/non-residential: 24 millions sq.m
Total f loor area ('000 sq.m) Building Newly Completed in 1968-2008
5,000
Buildings 10 to 40 years old at Year 2010 (1971-2000) Combined residential &
non-residential
4,500
Non-residential
4,000
Residential
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
1968
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Year
(Data source: Census and Statistics Department and Buildings Department, HKSAR)
Greening existing buildings
Transport
100
Energy end-use (1000 TJ)
Commercial
80
60
Residential
40
Industrial
20
0
84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
Year
Energy end-use in Hong Kong by sectors, 1984-2007
(Data source: EMSD)
Energy efficiency in buildings
Efficient
Integrated &
holistic approach systems &
equipment
(total energy)
Efficient
Good house- operation
keeping User education
& awareness
Operation and maintenance
Integration
Training Engineering
Major equipment:
Chillers and chilled water pumps
Cooling towers
Fans
Boilers
Lighting
Lifts and escalators
Building automation systems
Air compressors
Operation and maintenance
Barriers
Low awareness on O&M requirements
Lack of funds and budget constraints
Lack of proper O&M policy and procedure
Technical difficulties
Lack of proper O&M information (e.g. O&M
manual and commissioning record)
Lack of industrial O&M standard
How to resolve them?
Operation and maintenance
Computer-based IFM
Utility and energy management
Maintenance management
Space management
Tenant management
Environmental compliance
Use of information and communication
technologies, particularly Internet and Web-
based technologies
(Source: Hartman, T., 2001. Whole building networks - beyond HVAC, Network Controls, May 2001, pp. 36-43.
(Source: www.hitachi.co.jp)
References