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Jameel Ahmad
Assistant Professor
Electrical Engineering Department
University of Management and technology
1. RMS valueofasinusoidal
2. Powerfactor
3. Powertriangle
4. Powerfactorcorrectionforsinglephase
5. Powerfactorcorrectionforthreephase
Power factor contd...
Averagepowerdissipatedinthebox
Powerfactor
Goodpowerfactor
Example2.5
Autilitysupplies12,000V(12kV)toacustomerwhoneeds600kWofreal
power.Comparethelinelossesfortheutilitywhenthecustomersloadhasa
powerfactorof0.5versusapowerfactorof1.0.
Power triangle and power factor correction
ShowingapparentpowerS(voltamps)resolvedintoreactive
Powerfactorcorrectionforinductiveload
power(VAR)andrealpowerP(watts)
Example 2.6
A230Vinductionmotordraws25Aofcurrentwhiledelivering
3700Wofpowertoitsshaft.Drawitspowertriangle.
Solution:
Example 2.7
Afactorywithanearlyfullyloadedtransformerdelivers600kVAatapowerfactorof
0.75.Anticipatedgrowthinpowerdemandinthenearfutureis20%.HowmanykVAR
ofcapacitanceshouldbeaddedtoaccommodatethisgrowthsotheydonthaveto
purchasealargertransformer?
Tostillsupplyonly600kVA,thepowerfactorwillhavetobeimprovedtoatleast
Example 2.7
Thereactivepowerwillneedtobereducedto
Reactivepower
increasesline
losses
Relationshipbetweencurrentthroughacapacitorandvoltageacrossit
powerthroughacapacitorisallreactive
MediumVoltage
conversionfromVARstofaradsforacapacitor CapacitorBanks
Example2.8
Whatsizecapacitorwouldbeneededtocorrectthepowerfactorofthe230V,
60Hz,5hp motorinExample2.6?
Power in a Three-Phase Circuit
Singlephase:instantaneouspowervaries
Theapparentpoweris sinusoidally leadingtoroughermotor
operation
Threephase:constantpowergivessmoother
performanceofmotorsandgenerators
Vphase istherms voltageineachphase
thereactivepoweris
Therealpowerinathreephasecircuitis
Thesumofthethreephasesofpowerinbalanceddelta
andwyeloadsisaconstant,notafunctionoftime
Example 2.10
Supposethatashopisservedwithathreephase,208Vtransformer.Therealpower
demandof80kWismostlysinglephasemotors,whichcausethepowerfactortobea
ratherpoor0.5.Findthetotalapparentpower,theindividuallinecurrents,andreal
powerbeforeandafterthepowerfactoriscorrectedto0.9.IfpowerlossesbeforePF
correctionis5%(4kW),whatwilltheybeafterpowerfactorimprovement?
Solution:
theapparentpowerbeforePFcorrection
WyeandDeltaConnected
thetotalapparentpoweris
Example 2.10
thecurrentflowingineachlegofthethreephasesystem
Aftercorrectingthepowerfactorto0.9theresultingapparentpoweris
Thecurrentineachlineis
thelossesafterpowerfactorcorrectionwillbereducedto
adecreaseofalmost70%
EXAMPLE: POWER FACTOR CORRECTION
i ( pf < 1 ) i ( pf = 1 )