Alma Ata Declaration
1978
Almaty, Kazakshtan
Dr. Halfdan Mahler (WHO director
general)
to promote and protect the health of all
people in the world
declarations
o health as fundamental right
o inequality is unacceptable
o economy and social
development
o people empowerment
o responsibility of government
o primary health care
o national policies, strategies
and plans
o global partnership
o health for all by 2000
in the Philippines, F. Marcos issued
LOI 949
primary health care
o essential health care
o practical, scientifically sound
and socially acceptable
o universally acceptable to
individuals and families
o thru full participation to
maintain every stage of
development
o self-reliance and self-
determination
primary health care components
o Education for health
o Locally endemic disease
control
o Expanded program on
immunization
o Maternal and child health
o Essential drugs
o Nutrition
o Treatment of diseases
o Safe water and sanitation
Ottawa Charter
health promotion
o process of enabling people to
increase control over and to
improve their health
action areas
o build healthy public policy
o reorient health services
needs of people and
communities
o create supportive
environments
increasing ability of
people to make
healthy choices
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o strengthen community action
and develop personal skills
strategies
o enable, mediate, advocate
health
Adelaide Conference on Healthy Public Policy
1988
Adelaide, Australia
health public policy
o to create a supportive
environment to enable people
to lead healthy lives
o to make health choices
possible or easier for citizens
o to enhance social and
physical environments for
health
equity, access and development
o inequalities in health are
rooted in inequalities in
society
accountability for health
moving beyond health care
partners in the policy process
o government, corporate, non-
governmental bodies,
community organizations
action areas
o supporting women in health,
food and nutrition, tobacco
and alcohol, creating
supportive environments
developing new health alliances
commitment to global public health
Sundsvall Statement on Supportive
Environments for Health
Third International Conference on
Health Promotion
Sundsvall, Sweden
1991
focus
o supportive environments
o involvement of indigenous
people and women
o strengthening health care
system
call for action
o inequities, rapid population
growth, education, women
exploitation and
discrimination, limited access
to healthcare system
dimensions of action
o supportive environments
health for all
o physical, economic, social,
political
 why
o 2000 goal was unrealistic
o aftermath of Gulf War
o effect of poverty on health of
millions of people
how
o empowering an committing
people after evaluation of
global health situation
o creation of supportive
environments
o equity and interdependence of
all living things
focus
o education, food and nutrition,
home and neighborhood,
work, transport, social support
and care
strategies
o policy development,
regulation, reorientation of
organization, advocacy,
building alliances, creating
awareness, enabling,
mobilizing, empowering
flaws and limitations
o cooperation between
politicians is hard, economy
may need huge shift, global
environment problems are not
yet addressed
Agenda 21
concept of sustainable development
definition of sustainable development
o social equity: right and
opportunity of all people to
benefit equally from resources
o economic justice: equal ability
of all to gain wealth
o environmental justice: man is
responsible for all of natures
woes
global partnership
why
o reconcile economic
development with
environmental protection
o integrate policies for
sustainable development
goals
o ensure development is
sustainable
o eliminate poverty thru better
management
o achieve sustainable use of
resources
o improve management of
waste
PA21
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o goals
poverty reduction,
social equity,
empowerment and
good governance,
peace and solidarity,
ecological intergrity
Jakarta Declaration on Leading Health
Promotion into the 21st Century
Fourth International Conference on
Health Promotion
first in a developing country, first to
involve the private sector
1997
why
o ensure continuing relevance,
address emerging threats,
break thru traditional
boundaries
objectives
o review and evaluate impact of
health promotion, reexamine
determinants of health,
identify innovative strategies,
facilitate development of
partnerships
major concepts
o health promotion is a key
investment social,
economic and health
development
o determinants of health
socio-economic:
poverty, demographic
trends, social,
behavioral and
biological changes
o health promotion makes a
difference
from Ottawa charter
people centered
access to education
and information
o new responses are needed
priorities for 21st century
o promote social responsibility
for health
legislation, private +
public sector
o increase investment for health
o consolidate and expand
partnerships for health
o increase community capacity
and empower the individual
o secure an infrastructure for
health promotion
two challenges at start of new century
o demonstrating and
communicating health
 promotion policies and
practices
o achieving greater equity in
health
Fifth Global Conference on Health Promotion
bridging the equity gap
overall goal: an examination of the
contribution made by health promotion
strategies to improving the health and
quality of life of people living in
adverse circumstances
two challenges at start of new century
o to better demonstrate and
communicate that health
promotion can make a
difference to health
o to achieve greater equity in
health
general objective: improve health and
quality of life of people living adverse
circumstances
goals:
o to show how health promotion
makes a difference to health
and quality of life
o to place health high on the
development agenda of all
agencies
o to stimulate partnerships for
health between difference
sectors and at all levels of
society
actions
o position promotion of health
as a priority
o take leading role in ensuring
the active participation in
implementations
o support the preparation of
country-wide plans of action
for promoting health
o establish or strengthen
national and international
networks which promote
health
o to advocate UN agencies be
accountable for health impact
of their agenda
The Muster: Global Community Engaged
Medical Education
Uluru, Australia
2014
gathering of internationally recognized
leaders in community engaged
medical education
stimulated important discussions on
key concepts and practices at forefront
of medical education
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muster = to gather
main purpose:
o to share experiences,
opportunities, challenges, to
engage, to discuss, to
innovate strategies, and to
raise awareness between
educators, health
professionals, researchers
and students
essential developments
o improve supply of skilled
workers responsive to needs
of community
o stimulate team-functioning to
improve accessibility of health
care services in rural and
remote communities
o encourage health research in
response to needs of
community
goals
o understand challenges and
benefits of community-
engaged medical education
(CEME)
o opportunity to engage in
CEME research agenda
o develop strategies for
implementation of CEME
o acquire knowledge and skills
in teaching and clinical
domains
invitation of traditional healers
12 Legacies for Health 2022
universal health insurance coverage
blood adequacy
zero unmet needs for family planning
HIV/AIDS reversed
24/7 access to health services
zero open defecation
expenditure on health increased
reduce out of pocket expenditure on
health
ensuring good data for decision
making
reducing malnutrition
community based rehabilitation
programs
quality management systems in all
government hospitals