DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND AGRO-INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BAOS

ENSC 21
Mathematical Methods in Engineering
Lecture Material

Copyright 2016 by JSVentura

First Order DE (FODE):
FODE
Contains only first derivatives and one independent variable
The dependent/independent variable could be any measurable
parameter and may be represented by any symbol

Types:
1) Variable Separable
2) Homogenous Equation
3) Exact Equations
4) Linear Equations
5) Bernoulli Equations
6) 2nd Order DE Reducible to FODE
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Solutions to FODE:
1) Variable Separable
are equations where the terms containing the dependent
variable y and its derivative dy may be collected in one expression,
and the terms containing the independent variable and its
derivatives in one expression
( )
General Form: =
( )

By rearranging, we have: = +

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Sample Problems:
Determine the general/particular solution of the following:

1. 1 + =0

2. = ; 4 =3

3. = 4

4. = ( ); 0 =0

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Solutions to FODE:
2) Homogenous DE
General Form: M x, y dx N x, y dy 0
( , ) ( , )
Test for Homogeneity: =
( , ) ( , )

Case 1: y vx dy vdx xdv (Default)

Case 2: x vy dx vdy ydv

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Solutions to FODE:
2) Homogenous DE
If homogenous:

1. Let [ = ; = + ] or [ = ; =
+ ] whichever is convenient or whichever
results to a less tedious solution.
2. Rearrange to form a separable equation, integrate
3. Revert back to original and parameters
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Sample Problems:
Determine the general solution of the following:

1. + +2 =0

2. 2 + + =0

3. ( +2 4 ) 8 4 =0

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Solutions to FODE:
3) Exact DE
General Form: M x, y dx N x, y dy 0

Test for Exactness: =

= +

= +
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Sample Problems:
Determine the general solution of the following:

1. cos sin + (1 ) =0

2. + + sin =0

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Solutions to FODE:
4) Inexact DE
General Form: M x, y dx N x, y dy 0

Inexact DE:

( ):
- a term or a factor which when multiplied to an inexact DE
will make the equation exact.

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Solutions to FODE:
4) Inexact DE
1
I. = =

1
II. = =

= +

= +
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Sample Problems:
Determine the general solution of the following:

1. ( sin ) + ln cos =0

2. 2x +[ + 1 cot 1] =0

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Solutions to FODE:
5) Linear (First Order) DE
General Form: + = ( )

( )
=

1
( )= ( ) + General Solution

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Sample Problems:
Determine the general solution of the following:

1. x 4 =

2. 2 + + 1+ =0

3. 1 =1 3 +2 : = + +

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Solutions to FODE:
6) Bernoullis Equation (Special FODE)

General Form: + = ( ) where n 0, 1

1
= 1 + General Solution
( )

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Sample Problems:
Determine the general solution of the following:

1. + =

2. + =

3. = ( 1) : = + +

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Solutions to FODE:
7) Second Order Ordinary Differential Equations
Reducible to First Order (Special FODE)
Case 1: Dependent variable (y) is missing

, , , ,

Case 2: Independent variable (x) is missing

, , , ,

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Sample Problems:
Determine the general solution of the following:

1. =3

2. = 2 ( )

3. y +( ) =

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