Hawaiian Culture

Cheyenne Tate
 Background
Catalyst: Annexed in 1900
Migration- cost of living, education
Percentage total population: 0.2%
Remained the same 2010-2016
Socioeconomic status: 17.3% in poverty
Expected to more than double from 20
million to 47 million by 2060
 Food Practices
5 Styles
-Polynesian Food usually served with multiple bowls/plates
Taro, coconuts, sugarcane, sweet
potatoes, earth oven cooking Symbolism of certain ingredients/dishes
No argument or negativity if poi is at the table
-Euro/American
Salted fish

-Christian missionaries
New England Cuisine

-Migrant Workers
Asian Cuisine- bento boxes
 Holiday Food Patterns-Considerations
Luau- fundraisers, weddings, childbirth
Whole puaa (pig) wrapped in ti (banana leaves)
cooked in an imu (underground oven), side dishes,
and poi
Entertainment

It is said that "local people don't eat until they

are full, they eat until they are tired"
Meal Pattern

3x day, snacks as desired

Development of Plantation Food

Bento boxesplate lunch
Spam musubi
Loco moco
 Typical Day
Breakfast
Bacon/spam and eggs with coffee
Pancakes with coconut syrup and pineapple
Hot spam nori rolls (rice with fried egg and processed ham wrapped in seaweed)
Fresh fruit- (banana, pineapple, papaya)
Lunch
Plate lunch- teriyaki chicken, teriyaki beer, chili, stew, loco moco, chicken katsu.
Dinner
Fish dishes featuring teriyaki
Pork dishes
 Beliefs Influencing Diet
Familial relationship to the land aloha aiana
Ohana and working together
Strong social support
Use of bowls, multiple plates, communal dishes
Present challenges to MyPlate education and carbohydrate counting
 Native Hawaiians to Mainland U.S.
Factors:
Food Intake Average South
California Availability of native foods
Calories 1882 Social support
% Fat Calories 34% Lean meat substitutes
Vegetable Serving 2.9 Self efficacy
Fruit Servings 1.9
Whole Grains 2
Analysis:
Refined Grain 4
<20% meeting the
recommendations for vegetable,
fruit, fiber, whole grains
 Health Disparities- Medical
Condition Prevalence in Hawaiian Population

Diabetes 4x Higher than in Caucasians

Diabetes Mortality 3x Higher than Caucasians

Insulin Treatment in Pregnancy Higher % required before 20 weeks gestation

HTN and Increased Cholesterol Higher- Related to degree of Hawaiian Ancestry

 Health Disparities- Medical Continued
Condition Prevalence in Hawaiian Population

Obesity Higher than other ethnic groups (white, black,

Latinos, Asians and Filipinos)

Increased BMI Higher

ACE II Levels Higher Associated with heart disease

CKD Higher- in Native Hawaiians than Asian and Pacific

Islander
 Current Initiatives

Healthy eating and lifestyle program HELP-

6 mo 2h classroom/biweekly gardening optional
Mai ka malaai (MALA)-
10 week 90 min class and backyard gardening diabetes self-management classes combining
education and connection to land to grow produce
Strong social support- MALA and HELP- 81% retention
 Socioeconomic Disparities
Behavioral Risk Factors: tobacco use, psychological distress
17% at poverty line
18% of all Micronesians in the U.S. live in poverty
 VA Population
Native Hawaiian/Pacific
Islander:
Ohio: 201
Nation: 39,999
Minority Veterans:
Predicted increase in percent of
total Veteran population
 Reference List
1. Barton M. Hawaii. Immigration to the United States. http://immigrationtounitedstates.org/541-hawaii.html. Published 2015.
Accessed July 27, 2017.
2. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Minority Health. Profile: Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders.
Minority Health. https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=3&lvlid=65. Published February 17, 2017. Accessed
July 15, 2017.
3. White House Initiative on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders. White House Initiative on Asian Americans and Pacific
Islanders. https://sites.ed.gov/aapi/. Accessed July 25, 2017.
4. RED. Asian & Pacific Islander American Health Forum. Demographic and Socioeconomic Profiles of Asian Americans,
Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders: Resources Database: Resources: APIAHF.
http://www.apiahf.org/resources/resources-database/profilesofaanhpi. Published July 2011. Accessed July 24, 2017
5. Winters E, Swartz M. Hawaiians - History, European settlement in the Hawaiian islands. Everyculturecom. 2017. Available at:
http://www.everyculture.com/multi/Ha-La/Hawaiians.html#ixzz4nlnlEqaa. Accessed July 26, 2017.
6. Sucher KP, Kittler PG. Food and Culture. 3rd ed. Stamford, CT: Wadsworth; 2001.
 References
7. Food in Old Hawaii. Ka Hana Imi Naauao. http://www.cds.hawaii.edu/kahana/. Published 2009. Accessed July 26, 2017.
8. Kennedy B. Hawaiian "Local Food" Diet Compared to Traditional Native Hawaii Diet. HubPages. https://hubpages.com/food/Hawaiian-Food-Culture-The-Evolution-and-Effects-of-Local-Food. Published
November 3, 2013. Accessed July 24, 2017.
9. Au DL, Blitz C, Chun D, et al. Hawaiian Food Choices For Healthy Living Based On Food Group List. Revised. American Pacific (ADAP) Project; 2006. http://anyflip.com/gjvv/cieq/basic.
10. Marjorie K. Mau, Ka'imi Sinclair, Erin P. Saito, Kau'i N. Baumhofer, Joseph Keawe'aimoku Kaholokula; Cardiometabolic Health Disparities in Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders. Epidemiol Rev 2009;
31 (1): 113-129. doi: 10.1093/ajerev/mxp004
11. Mau MK, Sinclair K, Saito EP, Baumhofer KN, Kaholokula JK. Cardiometabolic Health Disparities in Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders. Epidemiologic Reviews. 2009;31(1):113-129.
doi:10.1093/ajerev/mxp004.
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doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(03)00079-0.
14. Fact Sheet: What You Should Know About Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders. White House initiative on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders- ed.
https://www.bing.com/cr?IG=390CBEA47C2C44CCB45DDEAFFE2E920F&CID=241E9F55F3E66AAB0BC6959FF2E06BAC&rd=1&h=cN5O7Y8tYYnIIYlDxmzDl9ADC65g2hfEXtLHOpETE_I&v=1&
r=https%3a%2f%2fwww2.ed.gov%2fabout%2finits%2flist%2fasian-americans-initiative%2fwhat-you-should-know.pdf&p=DevEx,5061.1. Accessed July 25, 2017.
15. Hsu WC, Boyko EJ, Fujimoto WY, et al. Pathophysiologic Differences Among Asians, Native Hawaiians, and Other Pacific Islanders and Treatment Implications. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(5):1189-1198.
doi:10.2337/dc12-0212.
16. Veteran Population - National Center for Veterans Analysis and Statistics. Vagov. 2017. Available at: https://www.va.gov/vetdata/veteran_population.asp. Accessed July 26, 2017.