CHAPTER 1

Effective way of learning: Listening or Note taking

Related Literature

Learning

Language Learning Strategies (LLS) relevantly connected from the growing interest

in second or foreign language(L2 or FL) learning based on the past 3 centuries or so. This

defined discipline has yielded a plethora of publication including Macaro (2001) and Goh

(2002).That shown L2 learners employ conscious techniques in enhancing learning using the

target language to achieve competence that implies the optimal goal of self autonomous

learning in education whereby learners make their own choices ,set the learning objectives and

evaluate learning outcomes.

However, research into the most effective way of learning between listening and note

taking may monitor the learning progress and help to evaluate the learning outcomes in applying

the varied factors(e.g..Learning Preference or Personality).Particularly in identifying the

differences and the most effective style of gathering information throughout different ways by
the sources.

Traditionally, people enhance learning as a continues process which inaugurate from birth

until death. This process mostly developed in school but there are other ways and opportunities

to further knowledge and skills you need in a lifetime. Generally, this could make a great impact

into our chosen career as formal education and the resulting qualifications could maximise our

potential to find more satisfying job ,but there are two reasons of learning which identified and

defined the differences of the most effective way in gaining knowledge either lifelong learning

or short term learning reasons throughout Personal Development and Professional Development.

Understanding the facts about the risk of learning as it recognized your own future could make

you feel pressure but acting to reduce your risk could decrease your pressure which is the
important step in the process.

Learning is not only about thinking it needs a lot more than that kind of essential as it

involves the whole personality and will to learn to determine the significance beyond evaluating

the learning if it is worthwhile and successful.

The learning process was actually explained by New knowledge or ability (Procure), new

knowledge or skill then practiced in some way(Apply), results of the practice are

evaluated(Consider) and original knowledge is modified accordingly(Transform) which known

as PACT learning. A cycle of learning processes that generally recognised and takes place in a

repetitive cycle which relevant to all types of learning.

Not all people brings learning throughout life as it depends on the prescreption of the

learner in the relevance of education in getting out knowledge formally and emperically also

depending in every individualsawareness around its importance in understanding value of

learning in life.

Reference:

SkillsYouNeed.com (2014),learn./learning.SkillsYouNeed. Retrieved July, 27 2015 from

https://www.skillsyouneed.com/learn/learning.html

Most research, reports the idea that the environment of the student may affect the way of

learning and skills to develop and it shows that teaching is about seeking the right answer and

developing inquiring minds to yield significant benefits to apply the classroom gathered

knowledge into real world. In essence, they must learn how to learn while adopting the new

global conditions that absolutely due to the increasing value of technology at this century.

Reference:

Edupia.org (2017), Project Learning Research . Retrieved October 8, 2008 from

https://www.edutopia.org/inquiry-project-learning-research

According to the research on learning from the Paradigm Shift which is the institution that exists

to provide instruction to a college What professors do in their classes matters far less than what
they ask student to do(Halpern and Hakel,2003).Students must help themselves to sharpen the

knowledge they gather from school and must cooperate to enhance learning process to improve

Reference:

Rachel Beane (2005)Teaching Science:What research Tells Us. Retrieved

November 10, 2016 from
https://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/careerprep/teaching/learning.html

Listening

Fortunately, Learning have different styles that often categorized by visual, Auditory,

Reading / writing and kinaesthetic. Auditory Learning where the Listening belong as it involves

music, sound, rhyme, speaking or listening in getting information. This kind of style was one

of the factors that identified by Dr. Neil Fleming in the late 80s that represents the VARK model

of learning styles to explain the dilemma in the classroom by considering the cognitive strengths

and weaknesses in serving as a preferences in the study.

Reference:

LearningRx, Inc.(2003-2017)Types of Learning Styles from http://www.learningrx.com/types-

of-learning-style-faq.htm

According to the past researches of Graham D. Bodie ( Louisiana State

University,USA),Laura A. Janusik (Rockhurst University,USA) and Tuula-Riita

Valikoski(University of Tampere,Finland) about the Priorities of Listening Research it is a

multidimensional construct that is primarily Cognitive, though it is a perceive

behaviourally (L.Janusik,2007;Witkin,1990) that encouraged a lot of expert to study the

assumptions underlying different theoretical perspectives and its importance to everyday human

interaction .
Reference:

International of Learning Association(2008),Priorities of Listening Research: Four Interrelated

Initiatives from
https://www.google.com.ph/url?sa=t&source=web7rct=j7url=https://www.listen.org/resources/D
ocuments/White-
_Paper_PrioritiesResearch.pd&ved=0ahUKEwix5120jKvWAhVFU7wKHbEIDmkQtZZ7A

The cognitive Learning Theory was divided into two specific theories: the social

Cognitive Theory(SCT),and the Cognitive Behavioral Theory(CBT) that both incredible network

of processing information and interpretition as we learn things that is used in explaining mental

processes were also entirely connected by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors in an individual.

Cognitive Learning Theory concerns about the different processes of learning and

analyzing were the new information can be stored easier in the memory for a long period of time

that also involves the environmental factors which can be illustrate by the Social Cognitive

Theory (Pajares, 2002)

Cognitive Behavioural Theory concerns about determining and predicting the

behavioural pattern of an individual(Aaron Beck)These concepts can affect the persons

environment and can be positive or negative.

Reference:

Sarah Mae Sincero (March 11,2011).Cognitive Learning Theory. Retrieved September 16,2017
from Explorable.com: https://explorable.com/cognitive-learning-theory

Note Taking

Every student have different styles of learning depending on their perception in its
importance. The note taking was actually belong into the style Reading/Writing were student
learn more by reading or writing during discussion or making an outline of what theyve learn.

Taking notes serves as a simple purpose in remembering information .This system commonly
works to students who preferred taking notes in recalling information repetitively rather than
listening.
Reference:

Thorin Klosowski(April 30,2013). Back to Basics: Perfect Your Note-Taking Techniques from
lifehacker.com: https://www.google.com.ph/amp/lifehacker.com/back-to-basics-perfect-your-
note-taking-technique-484879924/amp

According to the journal of Note Taking and Learning : A Summary of Research. It

has two characteristics that could be considered 1) Note taking helps students to learn.2)Note

Taking helps the students learn to write .

This significant reasons are the considerations why this technique mostly applied in

universities and colleges during their courses across the curriculum as it is also the essential tool

in many information-transmission situations that can also help to build up a stable external

memory of the note taker but they usually avoid to forget something in taking notes during the

discussion as they depend their information and learning from what they just note from lectures

but this technique is one of the effective information-processing tool that is commonly used both

in daily life also in many professions(Hartley,2002).

Reference:

Boch & Piolat(September 2005).Note Taking and Learning: A Summary of Research from The
WAC Journal,Vol:16

Despite the variability across notes, researchers have used several measures to assess note

quality of taking notes. Resulting the used of the number of ideas to be the most common

measure in identifying the units and critical lecture points recorded from the learners note but

others combined the factors to assess note quality such as: number of details, number of words,

clarity, legibility, sequencing, and accuracy of notes(Vekaria,2012)

Effective note taking will lead to less stress when the test time comes around because it

will help you remember concepts to gain a better understanding of a topic but using different

note taking strategies is important specifically when you are in the progress through high school
and transition to college or university.

Reference:

Oxford Learning Centres,Inc.(2017).How to take study notes:5 Effective Note Taking Methods.
Retrieved May3,2017 from https://www.oxfordlearning.com/5-effective-note-taking-methods/
Definition of Terms