REVIEW
CHAPTER 9
MATERIAL CHANGES
Physical Change
Physical change
Physical change, is the change of appearance,
but no new substances are formed. Cutting,
tearing, shattering, grinding, and mixing are
further types of physical changes because they
change the form but not the composition of a
material.
Example like, cutting paper into smaller pieces, is
a physical change.
Changing water into ice, melting into water, and
boil into vapor, it is also a physical change.
As you can see, paper and small paper that had
been cut is still a paper, so does water, ice, and
vapor, they are actually still water but in a
different states of matter.
Here some keywords of physical change:
Changing states/phase (liquid into solid, solid
into gas, etc.)
Breaking
Cutting
Dissolving
If you ever make a tea, then you must add some
sugar to make it sweet. Then, you will dissolve
the sugar into the water, this is also physical
change. The sugar is not actually reacts with
water to create new sweet substance, but the sugar
is broken down into smaller pieces and
distributed on the water.
Chemical Change
Chemical change
Chemical change, is the change of substance,
and it is usually results new substance because
of some chemical reactions.
Rotting, burning, cooking, and rusting are all
further types of chemical changes because they
produce substances that are entirely new
chemical compounds.
For example, burned wood becomes ash, carbon
dioxide, and water. When exposed to water, iron
becomes a mixture of several hydrated iron
oxides and hydroxides. Yeast carries out
fermentation to produce alcohol from sugar.
Here some key words of chemical change:
Burning/combustion
Color change
Gas/Bubbles formed (except boiling cases)
Change in Temperature
Change in pH
Precipitation formed
Change in smell/taste
Just imagining that your mother cooking a cake,
it is made of sugar, flour, water, yeast, etc. and
ended up to be a delicious cake. The substance is
completely different because of many reactions
happen, you are no longer see the water, flour or
the sugar. This is also chemical change.
EXAMPLES OF PHYSICAL CHANGE EXAMPLES OF CHEMICAL CHANGES

Baking

Change of states

Burning/combustion
Burning needs oxygen to be happen, with no
Change of size oxygen, burning cannot be happen. It is usually
resulting ashes, it is commonly oxides
resulting from the burning reaction.
Example:
Magnesium + Oxygen => Magnesium oxide

Dissolving sugar in water

Rusting/Corrosion
Rusting is happen because of Oxidation. And
it is commonly happen on reactive metal (mostly
Iron/steel). Oxidation means that the metal reacts
with oxygen, but different with burning, this
reactions do not results fire/heat but rust which is
actually metal oxide.
The requirements of rust to happen is
There are: Air (oxygen), Water, Iron (or other
reactive metal)
The reaction can be written as:
Iron + oxygen + water => Rust (Metal oxide) or
Iron + oxygen => Rust, is also correct
 Conservation of Mass
In chemical reactions, there are conservation of mass, means that the mass of the source, will be always
the same as the products. We can also called it reactants (source) and product. Example like if we burn a
paper that is weigh 10 gram, after the burning, the product will be 10 gram. But if we try to weigh it, it
could be lighter, lets say 7 gram, but that doesnt mean that the conservation didnt work, the other 3 gram
is turning into other kind of products, which is gases that get into the air. But in a closed system, the mass
will be always clearly the same.
Physical and Chemical Changes and Properties of Matter Worksheet

Classify the following as chemical change (cc), chemical property (cp), physical change (pc), or physical
property (pp).

1. _____ Heat conductivity 8. _____ Combustible

2. _____ Silver tarnishing 9. _____ Water freezing
3. _____ sublimation 10. _____Wood burning
4. _____ magnetizing steel 11. _____ Acid resistance
5. _____ length of metal object 12. _____ Brittleness
6. _____ shortening melting 13. _____ Milk souring
7. _____ exploding dynamite 14. _____ baking bread

Identify the following as being true or false to the left of the sentence.

_____ 15. A change in size or shape is a physical change.

_____ 16. A chemical change means a new substance with new properties was formed.
_____ 17. An example of a chemical change is when water freezes.
_____ 18. When platinum is heated, then cooled to its original state, we say this is a physical change.
_____ 19. When milk turns sour, this is a physical change because a change in odor does not indicate a chemical
change.
_____ 20. When citric acid and baking soda mix, carbon dioxide is produced and the temperature decreases. This
must be a chemical change.

Identify each of the following as

physical or chemical change. Identify which test tube will have the rusty nails, and explain why.
21. _____ You leave your bicycle out in
the rain and it rusts.
22. _____ A sugar cube dissolves.
23. _____ Scientist break-up water into
oxygen and hydrogen gas.
24. _____ Burning coal for a barbecue.
25. _____Trimming a bush because it has
grown too tall.