Jan. 25, 1938. K. PRlTscHow ET A1.

2,106,622
PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA
Jan. 25, 1938. - 'K. PRITSCHOW El' AL
PHOTOGRAPHIG CAMERA
2,106,622
Filed Feb. 1e, 1956 s sheets-sheet 2
Jan.25,1938. K. PRlTscHow ET AL 2,106,622
PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA

Filed` Feb. 18, 193e 3 SheetS-Sheet 5

 Patented Jan. 25, 1938
2,106,622.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE
2,106,622
PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA
'Kari Pritschow and Hans Dopheide, Brunswick,
Germany, asaignors to Voigtlnder Sohn .
Aktiengesellschaft, Brunswick, Germany, a
joint-stock company of Germany
Application February 18, 1936, Serial No. 84.521
Y. In Germany January 19, 1934
'i Claims. (Cl. 95-44)
Our invention relates to improvements in Fig. 1 is a front elevation partly in section
photographic cameras, and more particularly in 'showing _the camera,
the construction of the ilnder. One of the ob Fig. 2 is a side elevation partly in section taken
jects of the improvements is to provide a nder on the line 2-2 of Fig. l,
5 which may be used as a view finder and a.- range Fig. 3 is a sectional plan view taken on the line 5
finder, and with this object in view our invention 3-3 of Fig. 1, v
consists in constructing the finder of mirrors and ' Figs. 4 and 5 are dlagrammatical views show
lenses arranged to act as a range ilnder and to ing the image as it appears in theiinder, Fig. 4
produce an image of the subject to be photo showing the sections of the image correctly com
1o graphed which is circumscribed so as to corre bined, and Fig. 5 showing the said sections shifted 1
spond to the image produced .bythe camera lens relatively to each other, '
on the sensitized surface. Figs. 6 and 'I are sectional plan views similar to
Preferably the range finder is operatively con that shown in Fig. 3 and showing modifications,
nected with the focusing means of the camera Fig. 8 is a diagrammatical elevation showing
15 lens, so that by means of the finder simultane the optical system of a modified construction of 15.
ously the distance of the subject may be ascer the finder, " .
tained and the camera lens brought to focus and Fig. 9 is a diagrammatical plan viewfof Fig. 8,
the portion of the subject to be photographed Fig. 10 is a diagrammatical View showing the
may be ascertained by the finder. . image viewed through the ilnder illustrated in
20 By means of our improved view and range Figs. 8 and 9, _ zo
finder the camera lens may be adjusted to effect v Fig. 11 is an elevation on an enlarged scale and .
focusing, and therefore ourinvention is particu-. partly in section. showing two ofthe mirrors of
larly useful in _connection witha bright finder. the system shown in Fig. 8,
But we wish it `to be understood that our inven Fig. 12 is a front elevation partly in section of
25 -tion is not limited to such use, and that it may the camera having the system shown in' Fig. 8. u
also be used in connection with a finder having a and -
. focusing screen. l Fig.' 13 is a sectional elevation takenon the line
In the preferred embodiment of the invention it-Il of Fig. 12.
the finder comprises a system of mirrors by means In the construction shown in Figs. 1 to 3 theV
s0 oi which two pencils of ,rays emanating from camera comprises a casing I having an exposure .o
complementary parts of the subject to be photo - chamber l, a camera lens I and a nnder chamber
graphed are made to pass into- the finder at l located above the 'exposure chamber and sepa
spaced points and in the direction of the line of rated therefrom by a partition 5. Within the;
sight, and thereafter reflectedv into a direction finder chamber a bright finder is located which
35 transverse to theline of sight and again reected comprises two object lenses l, a ileld lens 1, a l
upwardly and on an inclined mirror, where the main mirror l located below the eld lens and
pencils are combined on diiferent sections of the inclined downwardly and forwardly at an angle
mirror, so that an image of the subject is viewed of 45, subsidiary mirrors 9 and I0 located at the
through the finder by the photographer looking sides of the camera casing and inclined forward
40 downwardly, thesaid system ofl mirrors being .` ly and laterally substantially at angles of 45. and n
provided with adjusting means so that with the a pair of sectional mirrors il and I2 located one
subject located different distances away from the above the other and in front of the mirror 0 and
camera the pencils maybe correctly combined inclined forwardly and laterally and in opposite
into a single pencill and a correct image is viewed directions at anglesof 45 so as to cross each
45 through tbe finder. By connecting the adjusting other. vIn front _of the subsidiary mirrors 9 and Il 5
means with the focusing means of the camera --windows It are made in the front wall of the
lensythe said camera lens may be adjusted to camera casing which preferably are closed by
effect focusing while the combined view and 'plates z2 or glass. 'rae min-ors H and lz have
range finder is inspected. ' i their reflecting surfaces I I' and I 2' directed later- u
60 For the purpose 'of explaining the invention ally and to opposite sides, and their size is such 50
several examples embodying-the same have been that each mirror reflects one half of the lelt'l
lshown in the accompanying drawings in which of view. In the example shown in the ilgures the
the same reference characters have been used in lenses t are located with their optical axes trans
all the views to indicate corresponding parts. In versely of the optical axis of thecamera lens 3 _
55 said drawings. ' . - and between the mirrors Il, Il and l. Il respec- 55
 tively. The field lens is preferably -rectangular of the lens 1, because otherwise the sectional
or square in shape. images are displaced with relation to each other,
The mounting Il of the field lens 1 is fixed to and in order to avoid errors which might be pro
the top wall Il of the camera casing. and the duced by inaccurate position of the eye relatively
mirror l is fixed to an inclined portion Il of the to the finder we prefer to provide an ocular
partition l. The mirrors Il, II, and I! and the lens 34 which is mounted on a foldable frame
lenses 0, I are mounted in a tubular frame l1 Il mounted on the top of the camera casing.
soldered or otherwise iixed to the front wall of When a photograph is to betaken from a rela
the casing I, the said frame being formed at its tively near subject, and the camera lens and the
10 front side with openings Il and at its rear side mirror l are in the positions corresponding to 10
with an opening Il to permit the light rays toV relatively remote subjects the sections of the
pass through the windows Il to the mirrors l, Il image viewed through the field lens are not in
and from the mirrors II and I2 to the mirror l. register, as is shown in Fig. 5, and therefore the
- At one end the said frame carries lugs 2l provid angular position of the said mirror I is changed
15 ing bearings for a spindle II on which the mirror by the photographer by turning the tube 2l of
s is mounted. Thus the mirror I is adapted to be the camera lens until the sections of the image
turned within the lugs' 2l about a vertical axis. are in register. The shape of the cam Il is such
The tube 2B of the camera lens l is formed that the sections are in register when th'e camera
with external screw-threads, and it is mounted lens has been focused relatively to the subject.
20 in an internally screw-threaded sleeve 21 fixed It will therefore be understood that the at 20
to the front wall of the camera/casing. Thus tendant is enabled by means of the finder to
the position of the camera lens may be adjusted ascertain the field of viewof the camera lens
for focusing by turning the tube 2i as is known and also to focus the camera lens.
in the art. 'I'he tube 2l carries a cam Il, and The modication shown _in l'lg. 6 is similar to
the said cam is engaged by a crank arm _Il se the one illustrated in Figs. 1 to 3, and the same
cured to the bottom end of the spindle 2| and letters oi reference have begs' used in the said
held in engagement with the cam by means of figure to indicate corresponding parts. As dis
a spring 3l fixed to a rearwardly extending arm tinguished from the construction shown in Figs.
3i of the spindle 2l and a pin 32 fixed to the` l to 3 the object lenses of the ilnder are located
bottom of the frame I1. In the system the mir in the windows I3 instead of being mounted be 30
rors 9 and I0 provide the base line of the range tween the mirrors l and II and III and I2 re
finder. Preferably the focal length of the field spectively. In Fig. 8 the' said lenses have re- ,
lens is such that the rays reflected by the main ceived the reference character Il. It will be
mirror l are combined in the eye of the photog understood that the glass plates 22 may be
rapher-...when the eye is at a distance from the dispensed with, the finder casing being closed 35
lens 'which is equal to the shortest distance of by the lenses 8l.
vision of the human eye. In the modification shownin Pig. 'l the object
The camera and its ilnder are used as follows: lens QI of the nder is located in the rear wall
When the camera lens has been set for taking a of the -tubular frame I1 and between the mirrors
401 photograph froma relatively remote subjectboth II, I2 and the mirror 8.
mirrors l and Il are disposed at angles-of 45 The finders shown in Figs. 6 and 7 are oper
relatively to the optical axis of the camera lens, ated in the same wayas the finder described with
and both reflect light rays from the subject lat reference to Figs. 1 to 3, and the sectional images /
erally- through the lenses t, l and on the mirrors viewed through the finder are displaced relatively
45 Il and I2, the mirror II being impinged upon by toy each other transversely of. the optical axis
the upper section of the pencil of rays >reflected when the camera lens is out of focus.
by the mirror l, and the mirror I2 being im In`Figs. 8 to 13 we have shown a modification
pinged upon by the lower section of the pencil in which the system of crossing mirrors is com
~ of raysreiiectedby the mirror Il. The sectional bined with the main mirror ofthe view nder
50 pencils are reflected rearwardly by the mirrors f located below the field lens, the said mirror be
II and I2 and they impinge respectively upon ing> made in two sections inclined downwardly
the rear and frontyparts of the forwardly and and to opposite sides of the camera. As shown
downwardly inclined mirror l which reflects the in Figs. 8 and 9, ourimproved view and range
same upwardly through the neld lens 1. Now finder comprises a field lens 4I, a pair of cross
-the sectional pencils are viewed by the attendant ingr` sectional mirrors 4I. l! located below the
through the said iield lens, and they are com field lens and inclined downwardly and to oppo
bined into a single image exactly corresponding site sides of the camera and each covering one
to the subject and the portion thereof which half of the'area ofthe held lens Il, a pair of
when an exposure is made appears on the sensi mirrors II and u located at the sides ofthe
tised surface. Fig. 4 shows the image. In the camera and each in position for reflecting rays
said image the sections are separated by a line on one cLthe sectional mirrors II and l! and
which is produced by the intersecting edges of inclined downwardly and to opposite sides, a pair
the mirrors II and I 2, and which has been in of mirrors 4I and' 4I located respectively below
dicated in Figs. 3 and 4 by the letters a-a. In the the mirrors and M and inclined downwardly
preferred construction of the finder. the image and forwardly, and lenses 41 and 4l located re
viewed through the finder and the image pro spectively between the mirrors , 4I and M, Il.
jected on the sensitized surface are substantially In the construction shown in the ilgures both
equal in size. ' mirrors and 44 are mounted on horisontal
Preferably the lenses of the ?nder are con pivotal axes Il by means of which they may be
structed so that the image produced thereby has inclined more or less in accordance with the dis 70
a size equal to or substantially equal to the size tance of the subject to be photographed. The
ofthe image projected on the sensitized surface. _said mirrors are acted upon by springs ll tend
It will be understood 'that the eye of the at ing to turn the same respectively clockwise and
tendant inspecting the image produced bythe anti-clockwise, vand further they are loosely en
75 -flnder must be located exactly in the optical axis gaged by arms il, il fixed to shafts I3, the said 15
 2,106,022 3
arms being adapted to turn themirrors Il and 1. A photographic camera,fco\mprising a casing
, 44 in opposition to the springs ill". Ihe tube 2l having an exposure chamber and a camera lens,
of the camera lens 3 is adapted to be turned about a finder chamber, a finder within-_said finder
its axis for focusing as has been described above, chamber adapted to produce an image of the sub
and the- lens tube is provided with cams M en ject to be photographed circumscribed so as to
gaging arms 55 ilxed'to the shafts 5I. The_arms correspond to the image produced by the said
areacted upon by springs 58 tending to hold the camera lens on the sensitized surface and com
same in engagement with ?xed vstops 51. Above prising any inclined mirror adapted to reflect the
vthe ileld lens liithereis an'ocular lens Il which rays impinging thereon in the direction of .the
is mounted on a 4foldabie frame 3l. line of sight into a direction perpendicular there
In Figs. 12 and 13 we have shown the manner to, two reflecting systems adapted to direct
of mounting the finder in a camera. The camera. spaced- pencils of rays emanating from com
comprises a casing 60 having an exposure cham plementary parts of the subject to be photo
ber 6i and a finder chamber 82. The exposure graphed one beside the other on said inclined
chamber is proyided at its front side with an in . mirror. said systems comprising a pair of mirrors 15
ternally screw-threaded sleeve/21 in which the disposedone at either Iside of said ilnder cham
fmounting 25 of the camera lens is mounted, the _ ber and inclined forwardly and outwardly and in
said mounting beingl provided at its inner end position for being impinged upon by said com
with the cams 54. Within the finder chamber plementary pencils of rays emanating from the
20 a frame 85 islocated on *which most of the op subject to be photographed and reflecting the 20
tical instruments are mounted. The inclined same inwardly, a pair of mirrors in front of said
mirrors 4I and 42 are mounted on ribs 68, the first named inclined mirror disposed angularly
lenses 3 are fixed in mountings 81 secured to the of each other and of the line _of sight and in posi
_frame 65, the mirrors> l5 and li are ilxed toA tion for reflecting the complementary pencils of
25 mountings 89 secured to the bottom of the frame rays reflected by said mirrors disposed at the 25
65, and the pivotal axes 49 are mounted in lugs 10 sides of said finder chamber towards said first
of the frame. *The shafts B3 are mounted in lugs ^ named mirror, means to ~adjust one of said re
1i. The arms I5 extend downwardly through ' fleeting systems in accordance with the distance
slots 12 made in la partition 14 separating the of said subject to be photographed and so that
finder chamber from the exposure chamber. the said complementary pencils of rays are com 30
In front of the mirrors 45 and Il windows I2 bined on the said first named mirror into a cor
are provided in the front wall of the camera rect image of the said complementary parts of
casing, and the said windows are preferably 'the subject to be photographed, and means to
closed by glass plates 13. -The object lens 8 is lo adjust said camera lens for focusing.
cated below the neld lens 40 and the sectional 2. A photographic camera as claimed in claim 35
mirrors li and 42. ' - l, in which the finder comprises an object lens
The operation of the range finder is the same _ located between the first namedI inclined mirror~
as has been described with reference to Figs. 1 and the said pair of mirrors located in front
to 3. When a photograph is to be taken from _ thereof. '
a comparatively remote subject, the mirrors 4I - 3.` A photographic camera as claimed in claim
and 4l are inclined at angles of 45and an image 1, in which the finder comprises two object lenses
is viewed through the ocular lens u and the located respectively between the said pair of
field lens 40 which is composed of two sections mirrors in front of the first named inclined mir
- meeting along the line H shown in 10. As ror and the said mirrors disposed at the vsides
appears from~the said figure the said sectional
45 images are combined into a correct image of the
of the finder chamber. > ~ 45
, 4. A photographic camera as claimed in claim
subject to be photographed, the portion of the 1, in which the finder comprises two object lenses
image viewed through the iindercorrespondingto located respectively infront of said mirrors dis
the portion of the image projected by the object posedat-the sides of the finder chamber.
lens on the sensitized film. The dimensions of i 5. A photographic camera, comprising a cas 50
the optical systems o! the nder are auch that ing having an exposure chamber, a camera. lens
the image 'viewed through the finder is substan therein, a ilnder chamber and a finder compris
tially equal in size to the image projected on the ing lenses constructed for producing an image
sensitized film. corresponding and *substantially equal in size to
- When a. photograph is to be taken from a com-` the image produced by said camera lenson the 55
paratively near subject, andthe camera is di sensitized surface, -saidl nder including two re
rected on the said subject with the camera lens , ilecting systems adapted to be impinged upon at
` and the finder set as bei'orithe image 0i the spaced points by pencilsof rays emanating from
said 'subject willhot be sharp on the sensitized adjacent complementary parts of said subject and
Iii) >film and the sections of the image viewed through to combine the same into the said image, means 60,
the finder _are displaced with relation to each to adjust one of the saidosystems in accordance
other, as is indicated in Fig. 9. -Now the photog -wltn the distance or the subject to be photo'
' ` rapher turns the mounting 2B of `the camera graphed and so as to produce a correct image of
lens while looking through the finder, and such the said complementary parts of the subject, and
rotary movement of the lens is transmitted by means to adjust said camera lens for focusing. es
means of thecams Il and through _the arms Si 6. A photographic camera, Vcomprising a cas
and 5i. B2 tobthe mirrors 63 and M, andthe ing having an exposure chamber and a finder
photographer continues turning of the camera i chamber, a camera lens, Va finder adapted to pro
lens until _the sectional images viewed through duce an image of _the subject to be photographed
70 the finder are combined into a correct image. circumscribed so as >to correspond to the image
'I'he relation between the flxdersystem and the produced by the said _camera lens on the sensi
focusing means of the camera lens is such that tized surface and comprising a pair of crossing `
the camera lens is in focusing ~position when a mirrors inclined downwardly and laterallyof .the
correct image appears in the finder. optical axis of said lens and two reecting sys- `
15 We claim: Y tems adapted-to be impinged upon by two sec
 4 aioaeaa
tional pencils of rays emanating from adjacent at either side of saidiinder chamber and in
complementary parts oi the subject to be photo clined forwardly and outwardly and in position
graphed and to throw the same on said crossing for being impinged upon by said complementary
mirrors, means to adjust said iinder in accord pencils of rays emanating from the subject to be
ance with the distance of the subject so as to photographed and reflecting the same inwardly,
produce a correct combined image of the said a pair of mirrors in front of said rst named
parts of the subject, and means to adjust said inclined mirror disposed angularly oi each other
camera lens for focusing. - ~ _ and of the line of sight and in position for re
7. A photographic camera, comprising a cas-l ecting the complementary pencils ot rays re
10 ing having an exposure chamber and a camera.l fiected by said mirrors disposed at the sides of
lens, a finder chamber, a finder within said nder sad`?nder chamber towards said iirst named
chamber adapted to produce an"image of the mirror, one of said reflecting systems being ad
subject to be photographed circumscribed so as justable in accordance with the distance of said
to correspond to the image produced by the said object to be photographed and so that the said
15 camera lens on the sensitized surface and com complementary pencils Aoi rays are combined on- 15
prising an inclined mirror adapted to reflect the the said first named mirror into a correct image
rays impinging thereon in the direction of the of the said complementary parts oi the subject
line of sight into a direction perpendicular there to be photographed, and common means for
to, two reflecting systems adapted to direct spaced thus adjustingithe said adjustable reflecting sys
20 pencils of rays emanating from complementary tem and for adjusting said camera lens for
parts of the subject to be photographed one be focusing.
side the` other on said inclined mirror, said sys ' KARL PRITSCHOW.
tems comprising'a pair of mirrors disposed one ^ HANS DOPHEIDE.