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1977
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70
514

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_ 20203-088 _ -
053(02)-77 25'77 , 1977,
 ............................................................................ 5
. 7

I
...................................................... 11
1. ...................................
2. ....................................................... 17
3. ...........................22

II
.....................................25
4. .
.............................................25
5. . . . . 30
6.
............................................................ 34
7. 38

III
43
8.
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9.
................................................... 48
10.
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. 55
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14. 6!)
15. 75
16.
.........................................................................
 IV
................................... 85
17.
....................................................................................... 85
18. ............................ 90
19.
............................................................................................ 92
20. 10G
21.
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22. 122
23. .......................... 129
................................................................ 132
..................................................................................... 135


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90 < < 180, 90 < < 180, 90 < < 180,

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sin (180 a) sin (180 b) sin (180 )
sin (180 ^4) sin (180J ) ~ sin (180 6')

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COS = ---------- :----J :------------- ,
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sin2 b sin2
_ (1 cos2 b)(\ cos2 ) COS2fl
sin 2b sin 2
cos2 h cos2 2 cos a cos h cos
sin 26 sin 2
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sin2 ,
sin2 1cos2 cos2 bcos2 c-j-2 cos a cos b cos
sin 2 a sin 2 a sin2 b sin2

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sin a sin b sin 4 7
______________________________________
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l\h = cos , Uh = cos a, l\l$ = cos b
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sin sin sin = sin a sin sin = sin sin a sin .

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sin a sin sin
, (25).

:
cos2 cos2 cos2 4-2 cos a cos b cos
sin a sin b sin
-

4* 51
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2 sin 2 a sin 2 b sin 2 =
= 1 cos2 cos2b cos2 + 2 cos a cos cos

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2 cos a cos cos =
= 2 sin 2 a sin 2 sin2 1 -f- cos2 + cos2 + cos2 .

sin2 a sin2 sin2 ,

2cos a cos cos = ( 2 1) sin2 a sin2 b X
X sin2 + sin 2 a sin 2 b sin2 1 + cos2 a cos2 b cos2 ,
:
2 cos a cos cos = ( 2 1) sin2 a sin2 b sin2 +
+ c o s 2 (1 sin 2 b sin2 ) + cos2 cos2 . (26)
(26)
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cos b = cos a cos + sin a sin cos 5 .

cos :
cos a cos = cos 6 cos2 + sin b sin cos cos A

cos a cos
:
cos 6 = cos b cos2 + sin b sin cos cos +
+ sin a sin cos .

cos b cos2
:
cos 6(1 cos2 ) = sin a sin cos +
+ sin 6 sin cos cos A.

1 cos2 = sin 2 , ,
sin ,
cos 6 sin = sin a cos + sin 6 cos cos ,

, ,
sin a cos = cos 6 sin sin 6 cos cos . (27)

(27) -
; :



,
.
, ,
.


.
,
(27)
 ()
:
sin a cos = cos sin sin cos cos ,
sin cos = cos sin sin cos a cos ,
sin cos = cos a sin sin a cos cos , (28)
sin cos = cos a sin sin a cos cos ,
sin cos = cos b sin sin cos a cos .

(27) (28)
sin , sin b, sin ,
, .

, (27),
(28)
.
, , N.
(25')
sin sin __ sin ___ 1_ __
sin sin ~ sin *

sin = N sin , sin = TVsin 5 , sin = N sin .

sin , sin sin

(27) (28) 7V,
,

:
sin A cos = cos sin cos sin cos ,
sin A cos = cos sin cos sin cos ,
sin cos = cos sin cos a sin cos 5 ,
(29)
sin cos = cos a sin cos sin cos ,
sin cos = cos a sin cos sin cos ,
sin cos = cos b sin cos a sin cos C.

(27)

sin a sin = sin sin 6,

 (25),
sin ctg 6 cos cos
C tg

= ----:-----------------
sin A
:------ .
sin

ctg sin = sin ctg cos cos ,

, ,
cos cos sin ctg ctg sin . (30)

(30)
.
.

.

(30):
cos a cos = sin a ctg ctg sin 5 ,
cos b cos A = sin b ctg ctg sin ,
cos b cos = sin b ctg a ctg A sin C, (31)
cos cos = sin ctg a ctg A sin 5 ,
cos a cos = sin a ctg b ctg sin .

11.

.
(18)
A B C cos :
4 cos cos cos
COS = ------- ;---:-- :--------- .
sin b sin
:
. cos cos cos
1 COS = 1 ---------------:----: :--------------.
sin b sin

. A sin sin + cos cos cos


sin b s i n c -j- cos bcos = cos(b c),

2 s i n * 4 = cos(b- / ) - co sa .
2 sin b sin

-f-fo b -4-
A s i n ------2------, , ------- 2-----
s in 2 - =
2 sin b sin
2
A B C , . . + b + = 2.
+ + 2 = 2 + =
/ -f- & ^
= 2 ( ) ---------- ,

- = .
,

sin 4 32
2 sin b sin ' 7

A B C
:

Sin 4 =f V
2
' 1" ( -s i n a) s-ii nn (p - c ) , (33)
4 '

Sin = l / sin (^ T " ) si" jS j . (34)

2 f sin a sin b v 7
, ,

:
. . a j I cos cos cos
1+ cos = 1 +
sin b sin *

A sin sin cos b cos + cos

L cos -77- =
2 sin b sin

2 _ cos cos ( 4- )
C0S 2 sin b sin *
, ,
2 sin + si n . + -
2
2 cos2 =
2 sin b sin
,
,

cos 4 = l / si,lp si;" (35)

2 f sin b sin v '

A B C ,
:

1 / s i n sin ( 6) /0
cos = I/ -4-(36)
2 sin sin v '
, / s i n sin ( ) /Q-v
COS 1/ -------- ---------- .( 3 / )
a sin b 4 '

-
2 r sin

:
b) sin ( )
t
e2 = VV sin sin
(I sin (
)
tff = l / pi n ( P - g ) s i n (P -?)
2 V sin sin (^) ^
I / sin ( ) sin ( /?)
2 sin sin ( ) * ^
(32) (40)
,
^
, ~ 0
90.



.

sin = 2 sin --cos , ,

 (32) (35),
sin
2 _ _ ___ _
= sin sin Sin SiD ) Sin _ ) Sin t ~ ) (4 1 >
, ,
sin =
2 _
= sin a sin 8iu 8iu ~ ) Sin SiB ~ ) (4 2 )
sin =

= sin a s f n ' fe Sitl siu (/> ~ ) Sln ~ fr) Sn ( ~ ) (4 3 )

.
A B C


. A B C
\\ \.
(13) (14) :

= 180 , = 180 ,
= 180 - , = 180 - ,
= 180 - , d = 180 - .

2\ = \ + \ +
+ , = 180 + 180- + 180 - = 360 -
( + + 180) = 360 .
Pl 180----- 1-.

\
\\ \, b \

Pi ai P i ~ (180 ) -----,

1- ^ 1 - { - ) = - 4 ,

Pi ci = P i (180 ) = .
 ,
,

sin - = sin ^9 0 ----- ) ~

_ . . -
LU=> 2
iKfzzH fzi)sin (180 ) sin (180 )
_

(44)
= V sin sin

cos - = cos ^90----j - j

1/ s in ( 180 - ^ ' ) s in ( j4- ' l ' )
= s in = V sin (180 ) sin (180 ) =

r zSin 2" sin

sin sin
(45)
- V

sin cos ,
:

/ s i n -!- sin (
tg T =
1 / ~s i~nl (
fi- j si n j
C - J (46)

ABC:

Sin 4 = 1/ sin sin

(47)

e / e \
sin sin I I
s l l |- r V (48)
sin A sin 1

59
 b 1 / A ' l n ( * - x ) s *n ( - T
2 r sin A sin

/ /^ s in ( ^ - x ) s in ( B - " T
1 2 ' V sin A sin

sin -g -. S in^fi---- g-J

(51)
sin

sin sin ( c -T )
t* - - = , / ________________________________ 2^____
2 j / s i n ^ 4 - - 2 - J s i ^ f l - -J-J

(32) (40)
(4(1) (52)

.
,
.

12.

(
)

.


. -\- . , .
sin 2 = sin ~ cos C0S ~ Sin 2~

:
A -f
sin
__
2

sin ( b) s i n ( )
sin b sin
i / ~ sin

s i n ( )
sin a sin
,
'
sin sin ( ) 1 / sin ( a) sin ( )
sin b sin ' sin sin


+ _sin ( ) ~\/ sin ( ) sin ,

2 sin sin a sin 1

_|_ sin ( ) sin ( ) sin

sin * V sin a sin b
(37)
r /r sin (P -c )sin p =
* sin a sin *

. + sin ( b) . sin ( )
Sin--- 5 = ---- - - ----- 7- COS ------ - -----
- - COS --.
2 sin 2 sin 2

, s in ( b ) + sin ( )
, a sin
:
2
. 2 s in 2 ' cos 2
sin 2; ------------------------------------
. * cos -S-.
2
2 sin - cos ~2 ~
, ,
. 2 h
sin ~y = sin ------ ,

-
:

. + cos 2
Sin - - ------ cos - . (53)
cos

:


:
+ . .
COS = = COS - c o s =F s i n sin .

,
,
-\-
- cos 2
COS = ------- - Sin (55)
cos 2

- 2 . /
COS = ------- sin - . (56)
2
,

( 6). ,

sin - co s-^ - ,
,

, . . - - ,
4-
90, ^ ,
90, + ,
180, + , 180.

, .

:
.
,
,
.
(53)
(55), (54) (56),

:

- )- cos' 2 .
<8 = ~ 2 ' (57)
COS Q
 (54)
(53), (56) (55),

:
sin .

<5 9 >
2

. + C0S 2 , /
18 = - + ' - (60)
c o s 2

A J- +
( - ,

. -
+
^ 2
-j- , ~\-
2 2 j , ,
- -
() .
(59)
(60) :
+ +
tg - - ^ 2
- r h = -^ <61>
tg tg 2

,
.
(61)
(25)
sin a sin


sin + sin _ sin + sin
sin sin b sin sin

+ +
2 sin cos 2 2 siu rj cos
a -f- b a b A+ A
2 c o s 2 s i n 2 2 c o s - s i u ^

(61).

13.

A B C , = 90 (. 25).
, ,
, b .

:
cos = cos cos + sin sin cos .

= 90, cos = 0,

cos = cos b cos . (62)

:
,
 ,
, :

cos = cos cos + sin sin cos ,

cos = cos A cos -j- sin A sin cos b,
cos = cos A cos + sin A sin cos c,
( (22) (24) 8 ),
. T . sin . . sin
b = sin a 7 sin = sin a r,
sin A sin A

( 9), , ,

cos cos A = sin ctg b ctg sin A ,

cos b cos A = sin Z? ctg ctg sin y l,
cos 6 cos = sin b ctg a ctg A sin C,
cos cos = sin ctg a ctg A sin

( (30), (31) 10).

cos = 0, ctg = 0 sin = 1,
,

:

cos cos b cos , cos = ctg ctg ,

cos = cos b sin , sin b = ctg tg ,
cos = cos sin , sin = ctg tg b, (63)
sin b = sin a sin , cos = ctg a tg ,
sin = sin a sin , cos = ctg a tg b.

( , , ,
)
10 3 ^ 5= " f *2*3
(63)
.
(63) (cos )
,
. cos > 0,
 , ,
90
90. cos < 0, > 90,
, ,
,
, 90,
90.
,

90,
90.
(63) t g b =
= sin tg tg = sin b tg C, sin sin b
,
tg , tg ,
tg , tg . ,

, ,
.


.
90,
, , 90 6, 90 ,
( ),
,
(. 26). (63)
 :
cos = sin (90 b) sin (90 ),
cos = sin (90 ) sin ,
cos = sin (90 ) sin , (64)
cos (90 ) = sin a sin ,
cos (90 ) = sin a sin ,
. .

.
:
cos = ctg ctg ,
cos (90 b) = ctg ctg (90 ),
cos (90 ) = ctg ctg (90 b), (65)
cos = ctg a ctg (90 c),
cos = ctg a ctg (90 6),

. e.

,
.

.
,
( !),
:



.
(64)

cos = cos b cos (66)

.


,
:
 :

) )

sin = ,

,
90, .

. 27.

(18) (20),
90.


.
A B C ,
, , = 90.
\ \ \ (. 27).

( 5) : + \ = 180.
 = 90, \ = 90 , ,
\\ \ .
, :
cos \ = ctg \ ctg fli = 180 ,
\ = 180 b \ = 180 ,

c o s (1 8 0 - ) = c tg (1 8 0 - 6 ) c tg ( 1 8 0 -c )

cos = ctg ctg .

, (18)
= 90:
sin b sin cos = cos cos

cos = ctg ctg .

,
,

:
cos = cos cos ,
sin = sin sin , (68)
sin = sin sin ,
tg tg cos , tg J3 = tg sin , |
tg = tg cos 6, tg = tg sin , {
cos = ctg 6 c tg c ,
co sb = cos sin e , (70)
cos = cos sin b.

14.

C AD B (. 28).
. 28 ,


Q W
4 2 ~ 360' 1

Q C A D B .
69

, .
S
A B C (. 29) ,
, ,
\ \, \\ \\.

+ = 180, + = 180,
+ , = 180, + = 180,

: \ = \ \ = \.
: \ , \
, A B C
\,

. 28. . 29.

\ \, 180 ,
. Q\, Q2 <?3
:

= A A BC + A ,B C = 2 ,

Q.t = A AB C + = 2

Qs = A AB C + = n R 2

:
<?i + Qi + Q s = 2 ABC + A ABC + A A XBC +
+ AA B XC + A B C x = R - A +J , + C.

. 29 , w \ = kj A\C, kj BC\ =
= w B iC Z -A C B = Z .A C \B = Z .A \C B \
. 7
\ \ \ . (. . 29),
A B C ,
\, \ \

2 = ^ ( + + ) - 2 2

2 A B C = - ^ ( + + - 180).

4 ,
,

= ^ 1 . (72)

,
. ,

( R ) .
(72) ,
,
, .

, , . . 180
180--60". (72)

5W = "R s i" *"

, R. = 1
'
1". (72) :
= " sin 1" (72')


. ( = 5 7 , 2957...),

.
,
: 1)
2) ,
.
(53):
. -\-
8 ------------ COS ---- - ----

cos COS
2 2
180__
, cos -g- s i n ^
-

s .in
+ . 180
sin----------- c o s------

cos
2 2 2 2
s .in A -L
4- -|-. sin
. ------------
180 .
cos--------+ ,
2 2 2 2

,
,
1 cos 1 ( + + 180) sin 1 ( + + 180)
_____ 4_________________________ 4________________________
2 siD 1 ( + + 180) cos -1 ( + + 180)
4 4
1 + ) sin
2sin -_( 1 ( )
4 4
3 J
2cos ( b + ) cos ( )
4 4

, ,

ctg4(4+-C +180)tg{-e =

= t g { ( a b - f ) t g - i ( ). (73)

( + + 180) = + +
- 1 8 0 - 2 + 360 = - 2 + 360, - + =
= 2 ( ) 2 ( ) , -
, (73)

t g ^ (2 ) t g - i = t g - i ( - ) l g - | ( - ). (74)

(55),
c t g ^ ( 2 C e ) t g - i = t g - i - t g |( / > ). (75)

,
(74) (75),
tg 2 ^ = t g - ^ p t g j ( / > a ) t g j (p b) t g - i ( p c).

(76)
(70),
, ,
.

,
, (46) (51)
b
:

/
sin sin
2 (-4)

iin- sin (
2 V 2)
t g T =

sin -i sin
4 b ______ ^ ____________2
^ ^ sin [ I " ^
sin cos cos sin
\ 2) 2 2

sin c t g cos



sin ctg cos = ctg -2- ctg ,

ctg ^ ctg i L + cos

(77)
, ,

ctg ctg J = sin ctg ,

:
C tg 4 = (78)
1 sin SU1 4 7


, , , .
, (45) (47), -
b
y ~2

sin A sin

(50)


sin
2
sin sin --- 77 COS -77,
sin 2

sin sin
sin = -----2------ L sin C, (79)
^ cos
2
.

15.

,

(. 30). ( 6)
A B C
.


,
.
,
,
\

,
A B C

A B D BCD.
A B D
\,
,

b\ = c cos ; j = cs i n ; . 30.
/ - A B D = 90 .
BCD

, .
, ,
(63):
tg 2 = t g a cos .
 ,
tg ,
tg 2 tg = tg (cos 1),
tg b2 + tg = tg a(cos + 1).

,
tg 62 - tg __ cos 1
tg 2 tg cos + 1 *

sin2
sin (ft2 ) 2 .
sin (6, + ) - cos2_C - tg 2
2

, , cos
2 ,
s\n(b2 ) s in (>2 + )
2 sin 2a,

tg 2- |- s in 2,
b2
, ,
tg2-rpSin 2
slnT"

tg2-^-
2
s in 2 1",

( 2)" = sin 1" sin 2. (80)

,

BCD 2.
BCD
(25)
sin \ = sin a sin .
 \
sin ci i, a sin
[ sin (81)

, 2,
[ = sin b2.

\ \ 180 .
= + 5 + 180,

= + + 1 8 0 - 1- 1 8 0 = - (, ) .

\ 180 = 180 (S i + 90 ) -
= 90 [\

= (90 S i ) .

\
BCD

cos \ = cos b2 sin
, ,
sin (90 S j) = cos 2 sin .
\ 90,
90 \

90 \ = cos 2.

= cos 2 = (1 cos 2) = (1 cos ) =

= 2 sin* 1 ,
. .
= 2 sin 2- | . (82)

(82),
ABCj,

BC D .
 (82)
,
A B D .
,

, .

sin , cos , tg
:

sin : = z -fj- + . (83)

COSx = l _ | l + | f - | l + . . . , (84)

tg x = x + -i- x 3 + x b + ^ x 1 -f . . . (85)

,
, ,
,
,

2
s i n = #, cos = 1 ----- 2", i g x = x.

slrT! = sliTfi = s l n C ^

,
cos = cos b cos + sin b sin cos

= 1 ------- Y + + cos .

22

,
2 = 2 + 2 26 cos , (87)

.
78
 sin a cos = cos sin
sin cos cos

a cos = cos , (88)

.
,
. 4.

sin X X= tgx X = 1COS3C =

1233' 957' 0,1 2551'

1' 6 54 1' 5 29' 0,01 8 07
1" 146 1" 1 24 0,001 2 34
' 0,49 ' 0 39 0,0001 0 49
0",01 0 23 0,01 0 18 0,00001 015
0",001 011 0,001 0 8,5 0,000001 0 5

, ,
(. 31):

,

. 31.

,
* ) }
.

*) . . .
, , 1948.
 ,
, ,
, , ,
, A i, \
\
= C1 = C - - S - , (89)

- = -|-, -
, + 5 + = 180 + ,
\ + \ + \ = 180,
( + + ) - { + + ) = .
/?, ,
S
" = s| n j// -\- -|- i =

= s d rr*

A ~ A i = 2
2 sin
sin 1
1" 11 =
~ '2 sin 1"

S (9)
1 _ 3 /t* s in i'

200 ,
, ,
0",01.
,
,

, ,
, ___
= V M N , (91)

iV
, -
.
:
 (1 *)
= 28|2)3/2 *

N = ----- -
( 1 2Sin2 )
,
,
.

*
R 0= MN.

16.

,
,


, ,
.
, .
(25),
sin a sin = sin sin . (25)

, ,
, . ,
+ , + , + ,
,
+ ,

sin (a - f ) sin ( + ) =
= sin ( + ) sin ( + ) . (256)

,
6, , . ,
(25) (256). ,

, , ,
(25)
.

.

,
.

( ),

.

I.

(18)
,
,

cos = cos cos + sin b sin cos

, ,

:
sin a da = (sin cos cos sin cos A ) db +
+ (sin cos b cos sin b cos A ) d c + sin b sin sin A dA.

(27) (28)
sin b cos cos b sin cos A = sin a cos ,
sin cos b cos sin b cos A = sin a cos
, ,
,

sin a da = sin a cos db -f- sin a cos dc +

+ sin b sin sin A dA.

sin :
j /7 I ~) j I sin h sin sin A j
d a = cos db A- cos B d c A-----------:------------ dA.
sin a

, (25)
sin

si n y /
sTiTTT (
)
da = cos c?b + c o s S dcsin sin dA, )
db = cos A d c cos da + sin a sin d B , \ (92)
dc = cos d a c o s A d b s i n b s'm A dC. )

II.

[
(1 4 )]
= 1 8 0 - b = 180 \, = 180 - ,,

da = dA\, db = dB i, dc = dC\. (93)

,

,
, ,
(93)
:
dA = cos d B cos b dC -f sin sin b d a ,
d B = cos a dC cos dA -f- sin sin db, (94)
dC = cos b dA cos a d B + sin sin a dc. t

II I.

, (25)
:
sin A sin b = sin sin
,
:
dA cos sin b = da sin cos a.
 ,

ctg A dA = ctg a da. (95)

:
ctg d B = ctg b db, |
ctg dC = ctg c/c. J

IV.

, 6 ,
, (25)

sin A sin b sin sin ,

, 6, ,
:
cos A sin b dA + cos b sin A db =
= cos sin a dB + cos a sin da.

, , , , 5 , .

V.

,

,
. , , b
, (92)
:
dc = sin tg B d A ,
7 sin a sin Jr)
dc ------------ - dB
cos A
dc = sin b sin dC.
 IV

17.

. ,
,
, ,
. .

; ,
.

:
/ 6x5x4
6 = >2~~3 = *

: , , , , , ,
, , , , A B C , , 6, , 4 , ,
, , 6, . ,

. , , ,
.
,
,
.

:
1) , , ;
2) , , ;
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4) a, J3, ;
5) ,
, 6, \
6) ,
, , .
5 6, ,
,
,
.

, ,

.
4, 5 6.
:
1)
, . . + 6 > , 6 + >
+ > 6.
2)
360 , . .
< + + < 360.
3)
180 540 , . .
180 < + + < .
4)
180, . . + - < 180, + - < 180
+ - < 180.
5)
, 180,
,
180, . .
+ > 180, + > 180,
+ = 180, + = 180,
+ < 180, + < 180.
6)
, ,

, , . .
> 0 , > 0,
6 = 0, 5 = 0,
6 < 0, < 0.
 , ,

.


, 13:
7) , 90, ,
90 .
8) ,
.

,

.
, ,
. ,

.
,
= 49, = 31 = 151
: \ = 3923'
5 2 = 14047'. ,
+ = 130 < 180,
+ \ =
= 19023' > 180 + 2 = 29147' > 180,
5
.

.
,
, ,
,
+ .
,

( )
90, (
) 90.
,
,
, .
, ,
:
 90 ,
180.
,
,
+ 1 1.
,

,
.

.
,
,
.


12.

3 4 , ,
,
19.

.


.
.
, , , 6,
, , 0
180, :
cos = cos a cos + sin a sin cos .

:
1 cos = 2 sin 2 =

= 1 cos a cos b sin a sin >^1 2 s in 2 j =

= 1 cos (a b) + 2 sin a sin b s in 2 =

= 2 s in 2 -j- 2 sin a sin b s in 2

, ,
s in 2 = s in 2 - ~ - b -f- sin a sin b s in 2 -y-. (98)

(99) ,
180.
(99) :

cos2 = co s2 - sin a sin b s in 2 (99)

,
, ,
.

,
.

.

, . . ,

, , ,
.
,
,
.
, , ,
, . .
= b = jr\
. ,
,

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;

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1. .
2.
.
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. .
2022

.
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.

18.

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,
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, , ,
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0 " , 1,
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1 " , 0 " ,1 0 " ,0 1
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.


,
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0,23449 . . . 0,234, 0,32950 . . . 0,330,
0,44451 . . . 0,445, 0,56450 . . . 0,564.

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.
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19.

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 S S S S S

0 16 32 48 64
4, 005 3,841 3,348 2,626 1,707
2 18 34 50 66
4,005 3,775 3,283 2,528 1,576
4 20 36 52 68
4,005 3,742 3,184 2,396 1,313
6 22 38 54 70
3,972 3,677 3,119 2,265 1,169
8 24 40 56 72
3,956 3,611 3,020 2,167 1,103
10 26 42 58 74
3,939 3,578 2,922 2,068 1,037
12 28 44 60 76
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S
. 5,

. , . 6-, ., , 1973,
. 198.

20.

1.
.

: :
= 3815'13", , , .
= 19 47 32,
= 44 50 49.
,
.
,
: 0
360
. :
+ + = 10253/34// + = 5802'45" (> ),
+ = 6438'21" ( > ) , + = 8306'02" ( > ) .

(. 44): 60,
28 100. ,
,
.
(18) (20), -

(25):
cos = cos cos + sin sin cos ,
cos = cos a cos b + sin a sin b cos ,
s in _sin b __ sin
sin A sin sin '
,

:

cos
cos cos b cos
sin sin
= cos a cosec b cosec
ctg b ctg ,
~ cos cos a cos
COS = -------- :-------: :------ =
sin a sin b
= cos cosec a cosec b
ctg a ctg b,

, pnc. /j/K
.
,
(29):
sin A cos = cos b sin cos sin cos .
.
: :
cos = 0,785278 ctg = 1,268330
cosec b = 2,95325 ctg b = 2,77879
cosec 1,418007 ctg = 1,005357
cos a cosec b cosec = 3,288532 :
ctg b ctg = 2,793676 cos = 0,708993
cosec = 1,615135
cos = 0,494856 cosec b = 2,95325
= 6020'23" cos cosec a cosec b = 3,381824
. ctg a ctg b = 3,524423

: cos = 0,142599
sin = 0,619143 = 9811'54"
sin = 0,868975 .

sin
sin
 :
sin = 0,868975
cos = 0,879854
sin = 0,764571
= 0,712497
sin
cos 0,940927
sin = 0,989780
: cos = 0,708993
sin b = 0,338010
sin = 0,989780 sin = 0,475244
sin 0,705215
cos = 0,494856
cos sin = 0,931311
sin = 0,475244 sin cos = 0,166739
= 28022'31"
2 = 151 37 29 = 0,764572
:
2


, , .

180:
+ 2 - = 18929'00//> 1 8 0

\ = 2822'31//.
,
:
3. * ):

180 < + + = 18654/48" < 540.

4. :
+ - = - 9 29'00" < 180,
+ - = 66 1402 < 1 8 0 ,
+ = 130 09 46 < 180.

5.
:
+ = 8842/54" < 180 + = 5802'45" < 180,
+ = 1 2 6 3 4 2 5 < 180 + = 643821 <180,
+ = 1 5 8 3 2 1 7 < 180 + = 83 06 02 <180.

*) ,
46.
 6.
:
= 18027'41" > 0 = 3157/52// > ,
- = - 2 5 03 17 < 0 69 49 23 < 0,
= 6 35 36 > 0 - = 37 51 31 > 0 ,

,

.
: = 6020'23", 5 = 2822^31,/ = 98011'54".
2.
.

:
= 126055'18", , , .
= 29 59 14,
= 33 40 50.

,
.
,
:
180
540

180.
:
+ + = 19035'22",
+ = 123 1342,
5 + - = - 6 3 15 14,
+ - = 130 36 54.


: 6 4 ,
34, 38 (. 45).
. 45,
0, 90,

,
.
 (22), (23) (24):
cos = cos cos + sin sin cos ,
cos = cos cos + sin sin A cos ,
cos = cos A cos + sin A sin cos ,
,
:

cos A -f- cos cos

cos =
sin sin 7
cos + cos
cos b =
sin sin
cos + cos A cos
cos =
sin A sin

, - ,

(29),
.
(25):
sin _sin __ sin
sin ~~ sin ~ sin '

: :
: sin = 0,554562
sin = 0,499807 sin = 0,799458
sin = 0,554562 cos = 0,832142
cos 5 = 0,860137 cos = 0,600723
cos = 0,832142 cos = 0,866137
cos = -0,6 0 0 7 2 3 cos cos = 0,499887
cos cos = 0,720749 2 = 0,366250
cos + c o s cos = 0,120026 sin sin = 0,443349
sin sin = 0,277174

cos = 0,433035 cos = 0,826099

: :
= 6420'23// = 3418'00"
:
sin = 0,901378
sin = 0,799458

<\
1-127480
 :
sin = 0,799458
sin = 0,499807
cos = 0,600723
cos = 0.866137
cosC = 0,832142
cos A cos = 0,520308 sin = 0,625262
cos + cos A cos = 0,311834 sin = 0,554562
sin A sin = 0,399575
Slt1 - = 1,127488
cos = 0,780414 sin
: -
= 3842'05" .

, , ,

.
1. :
+ = 98038'23" > ,
+ = 73 00 05 > ,
+ = 10 3 0 2 2 8 > ft.

2. :
0 < + + = 13720'28" < 360.

5. :
+ = 15605 4 '3 2 " < 180 + = 9838'23" < 180,
+ = 634004 <180 ft + = 7300 05 <180,
+ = 1603608 <180 + = 103 02 28 < 180.

6.
:

- = 3002'23" > 0, - = 9856'04" > 0,

= - 4 24 05 < 0, = - 3 4 1 3 6 <0,
= 25 38 18 < 0, = 93 14 28 <0.

,

.
. = 6420'23"; = 3418'00"; = 3849'05"
111
 3. -

.
: :
= 6420'25", , , .
= 34 18 01,
= 33 40 50.

,

2.
: 39, ~ 126 30.
:
, . .
,
. ,
0, 90 180,

.
.
126, 180
54,
0 90,
;
, 30,
.
(25) .

,
. ,
.
(20)
cos = cos a cos + sin a sin cos ,

(25)
:
sin sin sin b sin
sin sin sin sin

:
sin s i n e sin sin
 (28):
sin b cos = sin cos cos sin a cos .

2,
. sin = 0,799456
sin = 0,499807. ,
, : A i = 5304'42",
2 = 12655'18", ! = 2959'14", 2 = 15000'46".
.
: \ 2, \ 2.
\ \ ,
A i + \ - f = ^ " < 180,

. 2 2
: 2 + 2 =
= 24315/14// > 180 .
, , \ 2 2
,

. b = 3002'24",
,
.
2 \ \ 2 \ 96. : \ 2~
9 7 < 0 .
(
,
, ), : cos = 0,780412.
, = 3842'06".
: = 3842'06"; = 12655, 18,/; = 2959'14".
.
: :
= 381543", , , .
= 19 47 32,
= 98 53.

1,


(. . 46).

(57) (58):

+ cos 2
tg 2 a -f- b
COS
2
a b
sin 2
tg V * = c tg 2 a+ b
sin

( )
(61)
. + +
^ 2 ^ 2
'
tg tg

(59) (60),

+ +
2 ' cos 2
2
cs

+
tg .s in -^
tg -
2 =
sin 2

,
.
,
,

= 4450'48", = 6020'25" = 2822'31".

4.

. 3,
:
.
 .
: :
= 6020'25", , , .
= 28 22 31,
= 44 50 49.
,

1.

.
90,
-
(24)
cos = cos A cos + sin A sin cos .

(25):
sin a sin sin sin
sin A sin sin sin 6

(28):
sin a cos = sin cos cos b sin cos .


1,
.
. = 9 8 1 1 ,53'/, = 3 8 1 5 , 13// = 1947'32".
.
: :
= 12655'18", , 6, .
= 29 59 14,
= 38 42 06.

2,

(. . 45).

(60) (59),

cos
. - . 2
tg = t g -g - 1
'

CO S 2

s in
. . 2
tg - " = tg + '
s in

:
CL -{- .
= =
.

(61).

(57) (58),
, :
+ +
tg 2 cos 2
ctg = b
cos *
. +
ts 2 ' sin 2
c t g -5 - =
f b
sin ~

.
:
= 6420'24", = 3418,00" = 3340'50".
5.
,
.
: :
= 6420'23"| , 5 , .
= 3 4 1 8 00,
= 126 55 18.



2 (. . 45).

. ,
30,
(25),
sin a sin b
sin A sin J7

(61).

(57) (60) .

, .

2,
.
,
.
. = 3842'06", = 2 9 5 9 '1 4 " = 3 3 4 0 '5 0 " .
6.
,
.
: :
= 12655'18", , , .
= 29 59 14,
= 64 20 23.

2.
5.

,
 (25) :
in si n h
si n A sin 1

(01).
, ,
(57) (60) .
,
,
5,
.
:
b = 3418'00", = 3842'06" = 3340'50".
21.

,
, ,
,
,
.
.
,


.


,
.

.


,
5,
180.
 (13)
+ { = 180, + = 180, + = 180.

.
-
,

,
, ,
.
, 2
:
= 1255/ 18//, = 2959'14" = 40'50".
-
, ,
,
:
= 180 - = 5304'42",
{ = 180 = 150 00 46,
{ = 180 = 146 19 10,
,
1 .

1 = 11539'37//, [ = 14542'00" \ =
= 14110/55", , (14)
:
= 180 [ = 180 11539'37" = 6420'23",
= 180 - Bi = 180 - 145 42 00 = 34 18 00,
= 180 \ = 180 - 141 10 55 = 38 49 05.
.
.

: ,
. , .
A D
(. 46).
 ACD
A D B . A D h ,
D
, , = + .
,

CD,
,
.

(65)

cos = ctg ctg (90m ),

tg = cos tg b.
h
. 46. sin h = sin b sin C.
(65):
cos b = ctg a ctg Cy

ctg a = cos b tg C.
A D B
,
D B = ,

ctg = ctg h sin (a m ) ,

ctg ($ = ctg (a m )sin h.

, ,
= a + .
,
, (25):

Bin a sin b sine

sin A sin sin

, A D
,
- , .
 .

,
. , .

(20):
cos = cos a cos + sin a sin b cos =
= cos a (cos b -f- sin b tg a cos C) .

g,

tg g = tg a cos C.

,
.

cos = cos a (cos + tg g sin b) =

__ cos a (cos + sin b sin I ) __ cos a cos (b )
cos g ~ cos g

, 1
.

(31),
cos b cos = sin b ctg sin ctg ,
cos a cos = sin a ctg sin ctg ,

ctg A sin = sin ctg cos b cos ,

ctg sin = sin a ctg cos a cos .

, tg a cos = tg \
ctg = cos ctg | .
,
ctg = cos ctg , , tg =
= cos tg b. ctg ,
ctg b ,
(
.
 .):
ctg A sin = sin b cos ctg cos b cos =
= cos (sin b ctg I cos fr) =
_ cos (sin b cos cos b sin ) _cos sin (b )
sin sin
t j _ cos sin (b l) _ sin (fr )
sin I sin tg 6 sin
, ,
t A = fiinVg
8 sin (&-s)

sin tg
sin ( )

.

,
,
(25):
sin sine
sin sin sin

,


.

. 47. BD
= ,
- 1 :

A B D
, h b I , /, , h = BD (. 47).

22.


,
.
 ,
(,
) 90;
, ,

.

,

.

: 1)
, 2) , 3)
, 4)
, 5) 6)
.

,
. 26,
(64) (65.) ,
.
,
,
.


,
.

,

.
,
17
.

, ,
, .
,

,
. ,
1 2 20.
 1.
.
: :
= 15007', , , .
= 114 16.
,
70, 150 102,
,
.
(64)
cos = sin (90 ) sin (90 ) = cos cos .
(65)
t gb
cos(90 ) = ctg ctg(90 ), tg fi =
S1D 4

cos(90 ) = ctg c tg (90 ), tg =

,
:
cos = ctg ctg .

, , .
.
: :
cos b = 0,86704 tg = 0,57464
cos = 0,41098 sin = 0,91164

cos = 0,35634 tg = 0,63034

= 6907' = 14747'

: :
tg = 2,2182 ctg = 1,58645
sin b = 0,49824 ctg = -0,22461
i g C = -4,4521 ctg ctg 0,35634
= 10240' cos = 0,35634

.
: = 6907', = 14747' = 10240'.
 2.

.
: :
= 8304', , .
= 142 17.

96, 100
(
) 142 (
).

(65)

cos = ctg a ctg (90 ) , cos

tg ,

(64)

cos (90 ) = sin a sin 5 , sin =

7 sin
(64)

cos = sin (90 b) sin (90 ), cos =

(64), :
cos = sin s in (90 ) = sin cos .

.
: :
tg = - 0,77335 sin = 0,61176
t g = 8,2234 sin = 0,99269

cos = 0,09404 sin : 0,61626

=* 9524' 1 : 3803'
2 141 57
.
, ,

. , + > 180,
 + 180. :

+ = 2 2 5 2 1 '> 180,
+ { = 128 03 < 180,
+ 2 = 231 57 > 180.

, \
,
2.

, , sin ,
a cos cos , 1.
, s i n a > s i n b , t g a > | t g b |
|cos 6| > cosa, ,
,
180,
, ,
180, .
, .

: :
cos = 0,12071 sin = 0,61626
cos b = 0,79105 cos = 0,15259
sin cos = -0 ,0 9 4 0 4

cos = 0,15259 cos = 0,09404

= 9847'
.

. = 9847', = 14157', = 9524'.

3.

.
: :
= 3828', , .
= 56 00.

48, 32
45.
0 90,
.

(64)
sin
cos (90 ) = sin a sin , sin = ^
sin
(65) (64)
cos (90) = ctg B c tg (90 6), =

sin (90 b) sin = cos , sin =
cos

,
. ,
, ,
<.<90,
b
, 180
< < . . ,

,
sin .
,
i)
.

,
90< B < C b .
,
,

.

,


(. 48). ,

\ . 1 ,
180 180 .

(64)
cos (90 ) = sin or sin , sin e = sin a sin .
 .
: :
sin = 0,62206 tg = 0,79449
sin = 0,82904 tg tf = 1,48256

sin = 0,75034
, = 4837' sin = 0,53589
2 = 131 23 , = 3224'
: 2 = 147 36
cos = 0,55919 :
cos = 0,78297 sin = 0,75034
sin = 0,71419
sinC= 0,71419 sin a sin = 0,53588
\ = 4535'
2 = 134 25 sin = 0,53589

.
. . 44 ,
a i,
2, 2.

:
, ,
,
. :
\ = 604' > 0,
- 2 = - 1 0 9 0 8 ' < 0,
\ = 1025' > 0,
- 2 = 7825' < 0.
, \

\, b ci, 2
2, , 2.
.
ABC:
= 4837', ! = 3224' = 4535'.
\ \
2 = 13123', 2 = 14736' 2 = 13425'.

,
 ,
,
.
.

23.

, ,
.
. ,
,
.

, ,

.
1.

,
.
,

(. 49).

,
P i,
M E .
\ . 49.

, \
.
M E ,
-
, . ,
.
.
, ,
.


.
.
2.
R .
= \ ,
1, .

\ 2 (. . 49), \
, ,
, .
\<
. , R = P \P 2 l2 .
3.
, , b .
, 2,
R
,
. \ \, { i
C\D\, ,

(. 50).
\ \ ,
,

= .
,


.

\\

. 50. C\D[
.
.
, , , , ,
* ,
A B C ABC*,
.
,
.
4.
, , .
 6 , , 180
ABC
\ {. ,
3, \\
180 , 180 180 ,
A B C .
, ,
\ \ ,
, \\
\ \ . ,
,
,
\\ \ (. .
, \, . .).
5. -
, 6 -
. ( 2)

. , , , .
Q,
, .
, /?2,
Q ,
. Q
,
. ,
, ,
, A i
, Q.
\

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, ,
\ i,
A B C Ai Bi Ci j .
,
.
3, 4, 5
,
.

.
, .


I. .
. ,
( , ?):
1. = 2237' 35", = 13728'19"?
2. = 172 54 20, = 35 45 30 ?
3. = 147 38 29, = 126 19 37 ?
4. = 18 37 29, = 78 35 43 ?
5. = 17359 25, 6= 1654010 ?
6. = 47 38 29, = 26 19 37 ?
7. &= 58 39 17, = 49 27 56 ?
8. = 158 39 17, = 149 27 56 ?
9. = 118 37 29, = 78 35 43 ?
10. = 485454, = 12 1642 ?
. , :
II. = 3005', = 7009' = 4007'?
11. ,
A. :
12. = 7933'20", = 6528'20", = 3752'40".
13. = 10000'00", = ^'", = 6000'00",
. :
14. = 10745'34", = 6941'40", = 131'0918".
15. = 11419'40", = 13042'45", = 13154'37".
B. :
16. = 9600'00", = 8000'00", = 10000'00".
17. = 11257'10", = ^", = 5603'00",
. :
18. = 6402'41", = 2248'09", = 10643'40".
19. = 2204,47", = 7432'10", = 6109'30",
 . , :
20. = 2016'38", b = 5GI9'40", = 2009'55".
21. = 02'00", = 4007'00", = 210'00".

. , :
22. = 4637'36", = 10929'18", = 4053'24".
23. = 5930/40", = 7313'22", = 6105'12".
III. ,
:
24. : = 607'08", = 3318'17".
25. : = 3208'00", = 2350'48".
26. : = 5000'00", = 5255'26".
27. : = 57 13'00", = 9847'00".
28.
: = 3503'00"f = 4907'00".
29.
: = 108436", = 10235'40".
30.
: = 2807'10", = 819'25".
31.
: = 6430'09"1 = 13244'57".
32. : =* 8716'00", =7657'43".
33. : = 12038'43", = 13505'16".
34. : # = 7005'02", = 14010'04".
35. : = 1319'00", = 8716'00".
IV.
A. :
36. : = 3000'00", = '", = 4500'00//.
.
37. : = 5000'00", = 4000/00", = 048'0".
.
. :

38. : = 4042'23", = 52017'54", dA = 020'13".

da.
B. :

39. : = 3541'28", = 5616'40", = 2918'10".

= 2947'01", .
40. : = 36014'28", = 12817'22", = 10715'55".
= 13220'34//| .
 .
I. 1. . 2. . 3. . 4. .
5. . 6. . 7. . 8. . 9.
. 10. . . .
11. 12. = ", = ", = 3702'58" (6 .)
13. = 10746'58", = 7213'02//, = 5651'48" (6 .)
14. = 13903'28", = 4011'24", = 14847'47// (6 .)
15. = 8735'20", = 12347'10", = 1218/52" (6 .)
16. = 9415'35", = 8055'48", = 100o50'57" (6 .)
17. = 11903'34", = 7116'00", = 6054'34" (6 .)
18. = 2240',6, = 7218',0, = 6440',5 (5 .)
19. = 2836',4, = 2547',8, = 4910',3 (5 .)
, . .
20. = 5552'30", = 11420'16"f = 6620'44" (6 .)
= 124 07 30, = 42 38 40, = 42 55 36 (6 .)
21. = 2649'38", = 14004'35"1 = 23'2\" (6 .)
= 153 10 22, = 6 56 05, = 9 55 36
22. = 5806',0, = 3141',8, = 3541',47 (5 .)
= 12154,0, = 116 04,4, = 9 4 0 8 ,0
23. = 7633',0, = 10023',4, = 9255',5 (5 .)
= 103 27, 0, = 143 30, 2, = 142 49,8
III. 24. = 68 '9'\ = 3850',1, = 5441',8 (5 .)
25. = 2212',0, = 4928',4, = 4516',3 (5 .)
26. = 6712,00,,1 7? = = 1 0 " (6 .)
27. = 9444'34", = 57031'24", = 9724'05" (6 .)
, . .
28. = 4925'44") = 3723,43,/, = 5305'00"
: = 130 34 16, = 142 36 17, = 126 55 00 (6 .)
29. = 419',5, = 10355',7, = 4252,09" (5 .)
I][ = 138 40,5, = 76 04,3, = 137 07 51
30. == 2822'20"1 = 356'41"f 5 = 8239'53" (6 .)
31. = 756/18//| = 13540,57"| = 7134'20" (6 .)
32. = 7803/04", = 76400", = 78249,/ (6 311.)
33. = 14235'49", 6 = 5005'04//, = 6303'43" (6 .)
34. = 11544'42", = 5752,21", = 14445/47" (6 .)
35. = 7821'49,/, = 1302'17", = 7803'04" (6 .)
IV. 36. 1 = 2918'02",28 = 26'41",81 (7 .)
37. = 12915'23", == 4000'14" , = 057'56"17 (6 .)
38. da = 13'26",6 (4 .) 39. = 830'40" (5 .)
40. = 5014'03,/ (5 .)


1. ., , . .
. . , ., 1902.
2. ,
, . 2, , , 1910.
3. . ., , ( III
, , . ., 1923.
4. .,
, , , 1923.
5. . ., , .,
1930.
6. ., , , .., 1932.
7. . ., , -
, ., 1948.
8. . II., , -
, . 2-, . ., 1948.
9. . ., , . 2-, -
, ., 1954.
10. . , . 6-,
, ., 1973.
11. . .,
. ,
1909.
12. . ., ,
, ., 1961.


., 1977 ., 136 . .

. .
. .
. .

08.02.1977 .
30.05.1977 . 84108'/. . . . 4,25 . .+
+ 1 . (0,125 . .) . . . 7,35. .-. . 6,21.
17000 . -08471. 20 . JVe 443

-
117071, , -71, , 15

4- . 630077,
, 77, , 25