CATALOGUE OF GREEK VERBS,

Irregular anfc

BY JAMES SKERRETT BAIRD, T.C.D.

AUTHOR OF THE "CLASSICAL MANUAL," ETC. ETC.
'

REVISED EDITION.
Price 2s. 6d. cloth.

Uniform with the above, price Is. e<ich.

Greek Accents (Notes on). Latin Versification.

Homeric Dialect. Its Leading Notabilia qusedam or the prin-
;

Forms and Peculiarities, cipal Tenses of most of the

Greek Accidence. Irregular Greek Verbs and
Latin Accidence. Elementary Greek, Latin,
Richmond Rules to Form the and French Constructions.
Ovidian Distich, etc. The Principles of Latin Syntax.
 JSSequeatbefc

to

Ube mniversitp of Toronto Xibrarp

Hbe late /Ifcaurice Dutton,

principal of Tnniversitg College

{ y /././/'
'
ft
', .

-7'-
r -&i

A CATALOGUE

GEEEK VEEBS,
Irregular anfc

LEADING TENSES AND DIALECTIC INFLECTIONS,

ARRANGED IN A TABULAR FORM;

WITH AN

APPENDIX, CONTAINING PARADIGMS FOR CONJUGATION, &c.

BY

JAMES SKERRETT BAIRD,

TRINITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN,
AUTHOR OF THE "CLASSICAL MANUAL."

NEW EDITION.

GEORGE BELL AND SONS,

YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN.
1880.
PRINTED BY C. J. CLAY. M.A.

AT THE UNIVERSITY I'liHSS.

 TO THE RIGHT REVEREND

JAMES HENEY,

LOED BISHOP OF GLOUCESTEE AND BEISTOL,

IS, BY PERMISSION, INSCRIBED

BY HIS LORDSHIP'S

MOST HUMBLE AND OBEDIENT SERVANT,

JAMES SKERRETT BAIRD.

 PREFACE.
NOTWITHSTANDING the existence of the admirable works of
Buttmann and of other distinguished Writers on the subject of the
Greek Verb, it will be readily admitted by those engaged in Tuition
that a work is still wanting which would supply the Student with
the leading tenses of the principal Irregular Verbs occurring in the
Greek classical writers, in a conspicuous form, and unencum-
bered by references and philological disquisition.
To meet this recognized want the present work has been pre-
pared. No labour or expense has been spared in its compilation;
the best writers have been freely consulted, and care has been taken
to insert those tenses only which are actually in use, or for which

good authority has been found. Some formations from later writers
have occasionally been introduced, but they are uniformly distin-
guished from pure forms by the letter L. The chief dialectic
changes have been given, as well as every information, by way of
note, which limited space would admit or usefulness suggest. A
copious Appendix has been supplied, which, it is hoped, will prove
of considerable service, as it not only furnishes Paradigms for

reference, but also Rules for Formation of Tenses, Remarks on

Augment and Reduplication, and the chief Dialectic Inflections of

the Defective Verbs of most frequent occurrence.
As the price of the works which have appeared, on the Greek
Verb, has to some extent impeded their general use in Schools, the
Author trusts that the moderate price of the present work, when
compared with those of a similar class, will ensure for a general
it

introduction into those Schools in which tjie language of Ancient

Greece is a prominent study.
In the compilation frequent reference has been made (as before
stated) to the best writers but the Author is particularly indebted
;

to the works of Buttmann, Matthias, Veitch,

Krtiger, Kuhner, and
Passow ;
all of which hewould earnestly commend to the attentive
perusal of the Student who would study fully the subject of the
Irregular Greek Verb.
CHELTENHAM, January, 1853.

In the present edition great pains have been taken to make the
list accurate and complete. Several errors have been corrected and
some words added.

L.
 INTRODUCTORY NOTE.

THE following Catalogue is divided into Two Parts. The First

contains, in a Tabular form, the most prominent Verbs; the Second

the Verbs of less frequent occurrence, or those used in but few
tenses.

It has not been deemed requisite to supply in every case the

Imperfect Indicative, and 1 Aorist Middle (except when irregularities
exist), as their formation can easily be obtained from the rules

given in the Appendix.

The Imperfect and 1st Aorist forms ending in -eovcoz/, -acr/eoz>,

and termed frequentative, as implying a frequently-repeated action,

have only occasionally been given: when not found in the Catalogue,
their distinguishing form will at once enable the Student to refer
them to the proper tense.

ABBREVIATIONS.
Att. = Attic.

Dor. Doric.

Ep. = Epic.
Ion. = Ionic.
MQ\. = ^Eolic.
Poet. = Poetic.

Freq.
= Frequentative.
M. = Middle (Voice).
L. = Late (i.
e. not used in
purer writers) .

r. = rare.
 CONTENTS.

PAGE
GREEK VERBS, Part I 2
Part II. . 57
APPENDIX
Passive Voice
Middle Voice
:

..........
General Rules for the Formation of Tenses (Active Voice)

. .
.

.
64
66
ib.

Contract Verbs
Verbs in P.L ...... ...
..........
.

.
67
ib.

Augment
Compound Verbs .........
.......
.

.
68
69
Reduplication
Attic Reduplication
Syncopated Perfects
........
..... ...
. .

.
70
ib.

71
List of Syncopated Perfects

Paradigms of Conjugation. Active Voice

,,
....
Passive and Middle Voices .
.

72, 73
74, 75
ib.

Contract Verbs 76, 77

Verbs in fjn. Active, Passive, and Middle Voices 78, 79
Verbs with Second Aorist like Verbs in fit . 80

Root ending with a Consonant ......

Verbs in /J.L which annex the Syllable vv or wo to the original Root .

.
81
ib.

flfj.1)

'1)1*1,
1 am.

I say.
(f)T)/Jil,
efyu, I go
/ send ..........
tcrr)/ju, I knoio . . . . . . .
82, 83
. 84
85
KCiyttCU, / He. 77/AGU, I Sit.
GREEK VERBS.
 i fut.

el'
Jps - -p.
eL p. -Af?"

<< 02

~ b
'3
g'S,^ & 1 g|*3 2 ?" 8
co ^-*ecfc< co P"i PJ
;/} a, fe

I-
1

$
1
.11

I II
I i I 1

-I
..q.

^ ^
"

? 3. 3-
Q i-
O
3 1? i- 3-< 3
~
v b^ ^
b b S*2 .S
"a^a^a a a i i

e n
o
l$
a s

o3 5
o O
3 60 v
v~
3> | ^- .3
VW v-
^
V(i
o
?* r*~ 6O S gQ
iij -* S -5 vZT
^a -a d- 'a a a a e a
* &
*
If
"-a
S tb
v
r

O *S o
8
$ IB - -
:&. il *ig 1
gi g^4s. &.i 1^
n3CL, "d' fa* fa" fa VH r^

fto i
11 T
2 s ;

|?i&
3
rf ? J

i:

'^1 I 1
<3 "3 '^2
6 Sf .6 -b
s s

ta
o

1 11
d
3
V
v
! &
1 :

"a
K g
"3 'd h
d "d "d
x<
-d
^<
-d 'd
^ ^
-! 1
 T 1-
i
i/> .
j

*d& o i
H| 1? rS

:f i s s-* PT
2 | (M **! <J
mp.

^^^
"p-a'p-
.4 =4
*
J-
5 -
" *
s i
*i>

<
i *{> A CQ.
fc
5
-

4:

1 4 111! "j 5 -i
V
-OO.QO, S xg-e- >2
s--i*i jMr -t

i
_ ^ i
i 'a s

Jt, iMsi
V Q.
V V4
^
3 -
"J*

--1 .-S 4-1 -1

 M5 6 %<l t
S s-
b
AI <

,J
ic

-i-'

.
T
"A -
fa ?>
*.

s- fl - -
,5 | fl .

Cj .

'Mi
n
j-ij?

a i0,
I
O
I f^

b Itd
Vb
^
v
^

Vjy
X
in-
 Mq e* .
<?f=j
* P-i

v
ll d
"*T ^> Q- ^
<^^"-g.
S^fc
* -1
cT
'&
E.

>^>-

a. 5k
J>
^^^
Tjpf ap) P- Q.
TjpecrOrjv

ti d
^ S-
1 J4 ^ ap/x

Tw D-rt

d d -

d, i. ir

S 1

II n
AH
3
b b

v j
11 i s .

C c3

1 X 1b
v
?
f.
11
b b v|^
3

If 1
 M1*1
^
-H* fe
1 ^H .

'02.
I
y<
and
si
-I Is
dcfrirjv,
crav

aTTiKveo
pa
Wlft
4.4:*i<|g|
p.

Ion. Fut.
someti
siitlsi

-i
CQ CO CO.

-e-
"a
?T

-e-

i
i ill
J.a!
O
P
8 cf
-

x
Q_ *p
<5
*p it?
"55 00 02.

Ill
;p?
a a
.1
-a
:
ii
-"?"-
3
a
co v
Co co Co.
b b

* 'H
e S

1
.:i
-

>-"
P
a
3^
v

a "a -a
u oo ^3
cJ a
CD, CQ.
 M
.9O-* f|g, ||
i|t:.i
a W
1 |- ,
m*
I 1 ?s
fj
5.S-

02/0 3
.-p. erf.

ca

J-

S3-g S3-4-

!t
- caca
>Xu **siw
caca
>w* >w*
ca
*AU

ll" 111 1= I I '

!i- QD Q^QO QQ^ ^ ^

^ *'""'
^i ^i.
Q^QCJ^Q^ Q^ Qj_ Q^

^.
Cvu
-

*1 S
ca
ij
caca caca
G Q. Q. II mill
&,
w

II B H
s s
-
1

t ill
-s ca -
^ O
i "< ^<
caca
*<
CQ_CQ. ca
!

yftovX-.

augment.

and

double
\M]v
 a,
o
p 1
4
5- b b ti b

l ltt w If
si, "Jo
i
Jtvu VU

::"!:

ll }|

i 2 fe

g
ii
rl 1M.I4 * i
 if * -3*4
-
I
i
p*
1
"f
02

<1S2
OT P
2~
CO

<l

1 1
60
8?sg2

I r5 S a
ill it
a a e
co
1
&-

co*
CO CO
CO CO
1 60
60

w
ti

II
If
v vi; v vu
CO CO
^4- U* Vi,
1 c^^ CO CO CO

s^s ^
l-cl-l-
b p -ujj
s
CO 60

o.^
.3 3
1.1
rQ rQ
!

111
'It V
1s 1
J- CO CO CO CO CO
 1 s^r
13 '1^.2
60 1

b x o tf

%! ^ -3- &
^
"I
cZ
c
C5

-S W*ls
J*
a
M!!,!

M-hif
^COI N S
&ri
S^'W
CO -vu
^ - CO
co -vw
CO
>w
i
'1

L .1
II
O fO CO
-

v w CO
v^
I
CO
CO ^O CO CO CO*

S a
fjf
co
c^
_ I s

5&-3
,!
CO
-

O *
|
S 5
^5 g
w ** E -a

I,
I
^
1-J iS
CO
t-i
CO
CJ J!fy
3 &.S-
,9
 X fl
ed JT
1
"^
tl
8 1-M
8 8
fe 'o
<
s -
ti
ri .2
""'
^ *3>
fl ""O ^
ls
^^^
to
H
""p; . ? co P-co

1 **

P" cT
'

<i s
c^ 5&S -

ill 3 I
"5^'vu ovu
i-
S
*
to * v

o o
b
1 II V
J> 3 i
"S
s
4
"s

S i ^
5 g -S
I I
IM & fl
* O
4
1
3
1
^

1 <!
18
- - - ^o o ,j5
H 3
 ti

I
3"

* *

33 b S

| | 8 8

>
<*>
j
Aln
f
D

vw \u *vu

1 1 11
vu vo
I S-SI J
S
aj fl

R g 's 8 ,
 I-

Wo H
I*"?

I!

t s-

s-

fra

I ill
Hi a
s
w
^ >wI
* 1
~$ *>

si
^4-

3 <3

1^ 11
I" 3
41 1 I 'S

ill
.3

i g

1
 -1 I- PH

>S
rg r
^> &.

! $ f
g
J? j
4 $1
II I 1

I 14 1
i
.s !:.! f
"S*

''i

i>l

I 3-r vj
i
4 rf- :i ->w

ri fl
o o

11>
PC
^ 31 ^^
ro F^ e3 co
S
w
CU 43
18,1
.

3 2

il
 -s-

g
o U
^J
a 2 <gdj
* l^is
co PH

'
fe.

'

Jl

1 -
f
-t
Q. ^

il "
S=-
.3-

1.1
^ *-
' '

tt,i :

.
:
i
>i
:
vS: I IIH
v?: w v^ w
-i-1 .
r/ :i

1
I .-.-

I !. 3
o

swea
kn "I II
8, II dis At cov

a/xcu
> o /zai
avw,
. 3 H
liltl
N t: 4. Is la
1-i-i
a. Q.
^o. .>
\"^ v| *i

-VW ^ W ^-rvy ^^, >s-^s->&- >s->i

 .3 -+a

t
r
"
K '1 3
&

11
*''
li
'JIU f

.
!L.

^
j*
i
.1

H -n
ji

IIw *

. 8 .
Sj
>fr
"VU VU "VU '3 (

I '"
*
'2 _.
.CO
Xvu
"6 t !

M I ill
:|ls- .& >
^s
 II i
8-
ll --;

Q
J1 f
1
fr.
si
Olr
O
"
P S
^ PH ^

"
s
I

I 4 i rtif
l
is ll
i ivy *u;

1 . 7 ! a

*sJ)Xj>
"W >W
O>
*W

b
'I , vI |^r 3^
b
<^
^f3
?>
.t- g8 ^ 1 I
Avjl

It 1.!,
I | |l I J'sllI
S-3-
1 H 3^.J,H ^
2^v ^
 O> 0)

"a -

11
Ip-
<=&
Mi
*p-
---'--
*"*

A. g |
Jl-'l Q M to

b
b .

4
";
f
I"

f :

* g 4
'1.6 ^

^
I

i
III li l

i '
"3 SM S"

Mg 111
-

.S 1 i I

3 i 1 Jji
vu vy
v u/ u*
v
 ss rf

* f

* vw t/T (

S'3'5

1 !
<i> *^>

f
?? v^ "
N
^^^ ^^ o
W
IT
W ^"
>V4

rt >* O -i

i
H
*
vw
?
fl
l
^
vw
Ill
O Q. Q.
d
c

-i

1 I I B

f
1^1
_p
C5
Q.
mi
-S
Q.
'

-B
_Q-_Q.
V
3 4 i
 4 -s

.s

I
*w
a

s
An
I

II
,si

!
i
i
41

.i:
z
tf p" *
P -Uj, g

s
** Til
o "w ^i;
1
.

I
a
S
'- * i I *
.43

iffi
11 2 S
?
V
S

5
& ?o
G^
 ^
O>

l
-i&jg^j?li*ll
.
c8ii'5^^a.5
^
. e .
frti* $ %-$ ^H V? mp.

1>
>=>

ill
I
M i f
If ^ S
^^
^ p

m
Sfr N a
i
i r

^ s
J f 5^,3 1
^S ^^ V^
*^i <^S ^v . s 'i
a a a a >s S
* v x y x x s

s "i s -1 ,.

It JlLjl
3

4 Ik/ili
 y-i

i CO
i
-8 *
. <D y
ts
>& 6
,3

1 IfIf*

: :::::: I : :' :
 i

-s --s

-2

f Ix 1*
 :

-,-
l

g-i
i 111 U*
I i ?
i n

4 O -Uji
{
_

4- J
I 5 I

IT 8 g S.1

^j H 1?
j '*
t
^M
 -
f
eg ri
PH
B
an .

I 3*X
"<
5*
&
\Tr)
Do
H * S *5f

Dor *Al Xa/x

Hi *;f Jt 1
;=_*
"^ *f
/<

F JQ tt

i 5

J
1

^ .^
%^T i
b

f *$ *M44 tl?4 -
=1. b b b *
i-
X .5 .g ^^S^3

1
i -J

i.
i ii
.
>H HH
^ 3 <3
^ T
Is
g
b v b -MJ> C b b
ll
k
IP a 1 -cp

I^ f1 I ii

cs o (^
S o I
i i
II ,4

ui 4 i 4
'p ip -^-^ 1 1 *l*
 J-
*
*l

PR
 jjati
*t-t
y!<si qj r> +*
S ^^J
" i^ fll
a
3.S * o 4^
8, A S ^
nt $
a
Jh.1 1

i
t rife
p
1-s
P >

-
i -&
i

1d
41
s
-3-.S-
a a a a
.S-.3-.s-
a^
.s-s.
1
$
-S-
U
4.8
.S-.5-

II - s I
/'.in if
^1 IS.

:l

!! i I li
TT: r i 5.S
S
5,

^ g
* il
o 8 .2 c

III

I
a.
^-
4. a.
iii
3
S
-
a
3.1 | |.|
 .

w
Is

I 1
I i I

,1 A 3
3
r
l si: 1
a
.33

4 il
t if >gt^f T
r
v
\ ll I! 'l'S.1 i^LA
 .g

1
1
r
o

. ,p

e
_M I-
Do

-
<ra

-d<ra,

I 111 III

1 &
ill,
b b

t
<3

u
I
fJ

-3.H
ci
CO I4i ! i
 1 fj
o
3
r*i jN
r !r
<H
^

I-H

|rt^ 1

i?^
f
;ir x
^Sr
vu
^,
u

<a i
.s
o J-|l
o o o

<L> M

I I

i
3
i

*> .s .s .
o o o
 6 d
- o
as
\

<M *c
1 I
i-g

"

.2
JJ I
-tfl
"0 "0
.

it!
3-1 1

o o
H-
1 v
?>
I"

2k
tb ^
1-

4 I s
a
^
ft

ggf iJ

ri
S_lj

- CJ

o.<> b 2 /< Q.OO b

o -o' oo -o 5
-|.
c -o 'o "o -o -o -o -o

3 v

II
3 1 i

J^.=L

J4
o o
** ** .- S--I-
 I M
f-

4
i i .1' *'
s -o
03 r- 1

S
HI -^c
 si
1
s .
-
,jH
1 1 Pig
1 t rM
*"*
,,
I .,. co

1
I ! t' !
t
!

+3 N -

|.
'3-t

Jj -b >b

S^ 3"^ '

i M-l
^
N
2 V
3
v*

N
5
v*
v
b

HH a
.

'

I"
PH
- 3

58 6-M
'

I -1 .^ 1
1 1'1
to I !

h
I r
Mb
. <<

CC I
> o -e-
-0
*
"O t.
I .PH.

I
Vj n.

ie i
^
b
f s
by
g j ts
'?
as

to Cont

8 lit

a i N s

i 5w JS

ii i
bM.
g

I
t '

-i t
 .3

E ,
a

&
r* o> 3
H HH PR PH OQ HH

w *

:?
>b-b
fin
H
|| . cT

^ i}
CH t>

f 1 if
6-i
1
1

i U
Q.
g
'

rt

i 1
a.

1 -r 4
II r t
 5
g"
3d I
if
fj
03
11 .9

a M (M
rt

en
^ O
3~ 2 ^ '

^-f

CTTCT 3s
c(Jrt,
1 4
rH rvi

^. r tf
cra, rcra

f Tr rT^I ^!
b -g
*g -g -g -g ^

v
g^

o
P

N N

*
M -T 3

j44l
Eli t* f
 02

I
a^ -

! I!
<
t
^ 3 b
^ Is ^
fc
-
> ri
j=
& rfl - S1i
S^,5-
Ab
'43

1
.6-b

-g 1 -b

^ ;

T
^<
I
x<
4
x
,b 4 ,6" ,^ .^

CJ
B

* i
N N fc t N b

w
I*
a
**
?3
ns
c

.1 ^
f 1N 1
fc t; N fc
3 H
I

i 1 f
a I

!
 -g
r
1 -I

bO

tb *
h Q.
'55
^ N
CO

It

:|f
Do /Aat

a
f.TTO
a/Ac
t

I
 I

II

Jt
3 ii

I- 1
II
d a
Q-"a.
* v i?
<

2~*2~ "<.

.g|i
rr till -i .1.1: i
.s

a 3 ^
S-PM
b.
^ I fr
-
4-
a

O)
~
1Wp S
v V
It 3
CJ Q. -5-
i. N F :! -&-:,&-
 r on

Ll i yci
. -0. 0. .
- "
S3
p "3-
g:2-

V.i
?
isfi
*'. fni
* ^^ '
1*1
CO

it
^ fl .
'

fl N

i-S -H
111
III
b b b

11
ri v

JL1 ^L g g b

t
of 'So

t
il
-Q. -CL
 co

I Sill

It
.2*3

14
S-'ti
<LQO.
b b . b

fl 1
i
b g g g
>VW "VU *\v "lii

g-
&i III
1 H- b *2 "2

-ll .

! 1,
b b
b *S

* ^ i g
I'l c

s^? gl^ *

b b b

> e o
2 -S 1

4,

II ! b b b
 8-3
J *
COT/D
f *
Ion.
meaning, Q. CO

I I
| *
* $ 52 Ml
v *
-

IP JUK
p co ^
1b *'*
'
1 IF1 $
J I S

'$f
a. 3
ii-,4
^v^ ^
b
'i
.
1
1

^
1
\u
1"
*\u
|i
*<*t *<&
1 1
>vu D b b

II ii a
6
"VU
fe &
>W

.
i
g g

^jS 3 i
II
.til^ 5

A |35i
* X i 'i itX
irri b t-0-
. b b

is rzi

on.
(5
ao)

Ml 't I
 <*3
co

K
+H03 >"
M
^ ^ w.

oi

II

*
/-<:

b v b vb '

n a-bd
-< ^ v
i

1 I
g S

1
*

T 1 s

3~
v
:
,
f i t
 j f.
in
ert-

-p.
Horn,
Imp.

P. 1
mp.
ert^ea .3
TiOvja'Oa
>->

TI^CUTI, .rtdcoun.
and

indie. .t
pi.
pr.
3 Ion.

s.
2
T67?o-o/Aai.

and Tt^ecrKov

.
ss.
omer.
tt.
fj
O. HA
F. F.

"V h "fc "W

f * f

b
.4

E -i

-i
O
3 3
I
t,
t'-ri
t- (, K-
is
h t-

|11
^
3
 Pi

|!
i v

<I>
.i
:

fi
ill
n & li'l I
& fe
it-

ttls
M*g "fr
g-g-g-^
C
*C -S -C
Q.

mi -g-

X
i?. :."

H ,fi-
ft O V ^.
u 64-,><
S ^ >
tr er
^ e-^g-
w *>**
^
kvi/
?
>C
e- 2-
>vu "V

t! JI
g 4-S-

G r
el" ^ "

g
l 1
it |-8
S. ' 3^1 b
AJ^>
^ 333 -^Kj-u*

M_J!L 3- ^g-J-^^^
h h l-

f
tf *

I
i! Q It
3 ..
v

i -"
 #
I, 21
I

Jl

r
III
*vj; ^w *Uf
1
I-,-
d I i*

^" -
J IIID 41
S-
*li '?
1-M'
"
^5Tw

CQ.
iJtti c r
5--M
o
'

I- l- .*

l
I I
-I *
1

4
4 i
-6-1 -
h*
=5"

si
^
1 |gli
^M

C" h V 5
6-6-8-
 CO S o
rs o x

,
GO S JL
b sr g
P A
H

PnPn

A
Sfe.

1-
1>

i
i:

li :2 s 5
.

1-1 -i

r i

4 "

Pt
'
s i
if
^a
If 1 -e-

l
S
1
3
,a
v
w
-e- -- ^: 1
 t

t+ 92
H .a

$ I
^ 1

-e- .

I i *
t

4-1
JIM
4-8-8.
 d

I 3^

i II
j. $ ||,
2^1
^ ^ >d^-i b
V

CL.
OO^p*
Q. QL CL -P *
"cL Q.
8^5
b
5iS
b
<i
'
li
XX ]
"\U w W
-e- -e- -e--o--e--e-
* X -

ll

w
v

11b
Q.

S-
-e- 4- '-I.- II
5 i
'So
^ g
S
8
|
to
l>> !*i !
N " M
:

4
i

-0-
^4
-e--e-
 .9
1
-5*0
r *i.^cJ
3 c3

b -2
g S '"
o M a
! H r

#-fft-3

&J WW O |-^|i
HH O2

1- I"
os

&% **j

till
^^^X^
o

i 1 1
I'

^.

l
w 3 3

XX

*
f|
G ^

S,
T3 0) ?
So o p

P11S-
"if .3
^ .

o 3
tS-1

4 XX
sfl XX
3 3
m
 At F.
4^
s
*tf
\u
I
*v

O fe

tH T
JT

3"
^c- rf
.
^^
^
~^~
"
3

.1 ,4
>33 -"3 -"3
s
g
Ikl
"
\i
i l
I I 11
S>3 1

1 I

-llJ>
V

4 -^-

T) .3
So^

4
li
X X-
i
-^-
 Cj *
-
, f

f;q Q

-g

ill P li 1

Q.
w
TJ1 ^>J
-a
PQ

'

^
^ v-
^ ^^ ^ ^.
^aO(^-P
^^ *4
o 5
^* P
** -P
3
Pi
ca
fe hS fo^^i fefl

So
.i

- 55.
HI
**
1
W *ui

If

Ml
Q. <l. 0.
j
:

1 s .
OQ
--

'

4
a
I
g^
-
^:
<D .S -e
*
ta ^2o -L

1 I S I i_=5
ja
s.

3 X
P ^

a -1

d
flf
fSlI

I ^l
,2^ ^ L
%&

OOH-+3
1
^fl ^tCti^ &
1 **

gi
02
1
5rSS<
O X "2
IBI
oc-c~
'** -f.
l:-fll.9
C s ^
5-, ~ 2
> C
?
> a
CU
I
^
03

i w ^< 2 3"?>

\
lit
-a "a "a
l!fj>!
'a '5 *s *? *;
 * (h

co

* i

=
-e
To

4, I i
J s
r

111

'^^ti^bll^^^b^S v x
v
l~ W - ^ b * vb
""'
2~
v * w "*
-
g ^
v V
x ^
*
r-i T-
I $ r
H 5^ ?* s=*
-r
2 ^H
IS
I
f
-" r

dH -^
g

t*
>
s il . a
as 1 1 '!

Q.
K
1

"o" 2 fe ,
ri
'f

jNttj^
X^ S P j
b*
"^ tj

P%^
a 3 p
-P ^
J 6^ <1fq hHP^ fe

^^

m ^
_d
02

IS t4 -t
d
3

5 s J-a
J g g J

tf
O
3
J^
4
x"

ilf s
.<M=2^
^-- S' 5

fi*5 -

&-58t
b ^ ^
Ms v3- M

jt^ft;
<Ig O fa I^| fo

I!
S rS
(D
1 "8S
03 I flrf
rS T3 JO T3 a. g S -S

PH

r 3^ 3 3
i
 _ 5 8 N
H ^--g-x
.

<4ss;iig-V!
,-

1 4 I'll
M
r* ft

I I A 1 1" rt g-
y Jl-^^ld
1'M-
f i ^ J->^
'- 5- N ^^ =- ^
J i ii
c
? 3~
5.J iVt
"g S a-
- ^
i
I b-ji s

4^ ^^
I
! > o
i S 1

*
 1 1 v

e-*

B.E
t^J t-

i < o
t I!
1
H
4.S
3" 4.4. T i
Hi o
v v
N IP
K S
-e- -9-C&-8: $ -!-

^ I
^1

*
i.
t b
0-
b
i

-<3
5 ,b
.m **
:!,?,

.
V<f>
-
i-

I KJ c-*fc
b ^
.8 -5 >S
<TT

X wjjf
5-
tl'ti
Q^
vu
^j
K^^
a |
g "3
I
PHT-H r-l <n i- 3-pH
,
i I

I 1-^
4^ nj ^ ^ ^ ^ X p. p Q PH-P M ^
jj
^7^
1

D005*g
-^ri -^q -^^
*tf

P i
t^j 5
-"d

^^^ o o
<!<1

.1
I J
d,
W
4
i
i!r
i
^r i g
-e-
b
-e-
b
b
 APPENDIX.

GENERAL EULES FOR THE FORMATION OF TENSES-

ACTIVE VOICE.
I. The PRESENT TENSE contains the root or theme of the verb.

IT. The IMPERFECT TENSE is formed from the Present by prefixing the aug-
ment and changing the termination w into ov, as TVTTTW, CTVTTTOV.
See observations and rules on augment, pages 68, 69.

III. The FUTURE TENSE is formed from the Present by changing the charac-
teristics TT, /?, </>,
TFT into i^o>
K y> x> KT
>
w
r, 8, 6 0-0)

crar, TT, cr<o and <o

<o (TO)
pure

Liquid Verbs (i. e.

those with X, /x, v, p for a characteristic) form the Future
by shortening the penultima if long, or rejecting the latter of two vowels or
liquids, and circumflexing the last syllable, as o-<aXXw, o-</>aXw ;

Pure Verbs usually lengthen the characteristic vowel preceding the termina-
tion, as fut. <iXr/(7(o.
<iXw, But many verbs retain the short vowel. When
a is the characteristic, the future- takes d if the preceding letter be , t, or o,
as eaco, ea'oxD if not, 77, as Ti^taw, Ti/xr/o-w (except aKpoao/xcu, which takes d).
;

Attic Future. The Attic future is formed by dropping the o- of the future
when the cru> or o-o/xcu is preceded by a, e, t, and contracting the vowels a and
c with the final o> into <3, and the vowel o into ov, as rcXeu (reXe'cxo), TeXo>,
cts, ct, ov/xev, etT, ovcri ; eXcxw (eXavvcu) (eXacrco), eXw, 0)5, <5, t5/xev, are, wtri ;

/3t^8a^w, /3i^8w, as, &c. ; KO/XI^OJ, Ko/xia), lets, &c. ; TcXeo/xat (reXeo-o/xat) rcXov/uu,
et, ctTat; KO/At^ojuai, Ko/xtov/xat, tet, tetTai, &c. When
the vowel is i, as the two
vowels are not capable of contraction, the
D o> is circumflexed (<S)
and con-
jugated as if contracted.
Some dissyllables in e'u> form the future in
eutro/xat, as 0eo>, vo, irXcw, Tn/ew, and
pew : Sew makes S^o-w, and ^ew, x ^ a'w and perhaps

IV. The FIRST AORIST is formed from the first Future by prefixing the aug-
ment, and changing o> into a; as TVI^

Liquid Verbs form the first aorist without the characteristic <r, but lengthen
the vowel, and change into ,
as o-Trcpw, eo-Trcipa, and a into r;, as
tffrrjva riXXw, TiXw, erZXa
; (rt'pto, <rvpt3, ccrrpa.
;
The following take
instead of rjva Verbs in patvw (except TiTpatvw), aivw, tatVw
:

KaOcupto, <raivo) have 77 or d). The aorists t^Ka, ISwKa, r;Ka, etTra, rJvcyKa do
not assume the characteristic of the future.
 GENERAL RULES FOR THE FORMATION OF TENSES. 65

V. The PERFECT is formed from the Future by prefixing the reduplication (see
page 70), and changing <o and o-w into KO. (/xo> into WKO), 00 into ^a, \j/a> into
<a as i^oXXw, \f/aX<S, <i\f/a\Ka Tto>, riVco, rertKa Xeya>, Xe<o, XeXe^a TVTTTO),
; ; ; ;

TV^O),

The simple augment is prefixed to those verbs which do not admit of

reduplication.
Verbs of two syllables in Xw, vo>, po> change c of the future into a before K<X ; as

Dissyllables in caw,. two, wa> drop the i/ in forming the perfect; as recVw, TCVO>,

The Perfect takes the syllabic augment in verbs in p, which always, after
receiving th6 augment, double p ; as piVrco, pfy

The PLUPERFECT is formed from the Perfect by prefixing e to the reduplication,

and changing a into civ as rervc^a, eTTv<ii/. When the perfect takes the
;

reduplication, the pluperfect receives the augment c, but when the perfect is
merely augmented, the root of pluperf. undergoes no change ;
as
pi. -per.

The SECOND AORIST is formed from the Present by prefixing the

augment,
changing to into ov, and shortening the penultima by omitting the latter of
two consonants j as TVTTTW, ervvrov by dropping e before ev and ei as </>etrya>,
:
;

<vyov ; XetVo), cXwrov : of liquid verbs (if dis-

by changing >;, to, at, and et

syllables), and e before or after a liquid into a ; as X^0o>, !Xa0ov rpwyco, ;

erpayov ; ^>atVw, tydvrjv crTretpw, etTTrap^v orcXXoo, eo-raXr/v.

; To this rule ;

there are some exceptions, which will be found enumerated in the Catalogue.

The SECOND PERFECT is formed from the Perfect, but takes the characteristic of
the second aorist instead of that of the Perfect ; as TeYu<a (CTVTTOV),

The following changes take place from the penult, of the Pres. Act. :

a is changed into rj ; as 0aXXo>, rlOrjXa,

Words of two syllables which have c in the penult of the future change into
o ; as o'Tretpo), (TTrepw, ecnropa.

K
 C6

PASSIVE VOICE.
The PRESENT ia formed from the Present Active by changing w into o/xai :

TVTTTO), TVTTTO/Xat.

The IMPERFECT is formed from the Imperfect Active by changing ov intc

:
6fj,rjv ITVTTTOV, CTVTTTO/XT/V.
The PERFECT is formed from the Perfect Active by changing
<a pure into /x/xai

<a impure /u,at

Xa T/""
y*a tr/xat generally
Ka ,,
/mat

Ka oyxat if a short or doubtful vowel precedes it.

Ka ,, /xat if a long vowel or diphthong precedes it.
The PLUPERFECT formed from the Perfect by changing /xat into
is
prjv, and
prefixing the syllabic augment if the verb begin with a consonant j

The FIRST AORISTis formed from the 3

sing. Perfect Passive by changing
and omitting the reduplication ; as rcTt/M^rai, m/^flr/v. The soft
rat into Ovjv

mute preceding rat must be changed into its aspirate before Oyv ; as reVvm-ai,

The SECOND AORIST is formed from the Second Aorist Active by changing
ov into yv ; as ITVTTOV, ervTry/v.

The FIRST FUTURE is formed from the First Aorist by dropping the aug-
ment and changing v into <ro/xat as crv^^v, rv<0i;(ro/<uu.
;

The SECOND FUTURE is formed from the Second Aorist by changing rjv

and dropping the augment ; as ervmjv, -nnnjo-o/xat.

into ^oro/xai,
The PAULO-POST FUTURE is formed from the Second Person Singular of
the Perfect by changing at into o/tat ; as rental, Te-ntyo/xat.

MIDDLE VOICE.
The PRESENT and IMPERFECT Tenses are like the Passive.
The FUTURE is formed from the Future Active by changing <o into o/xat ;

rvi/fo/xai.
The Future of liquid Verbs is formed by changing <3 into

The FIRST AORIST is formed from the First Aorist Active by changing a
into dfjiirjv ;
as ervi^a, eTv^a/x^v.
The SECOND AORIST is formed from the Second Aorist Active by changing
ov into ofjLTjv ; as KTVTTOV,
 G7

CONTRACT VERBS.
CONTRACT Verbs are those which have for their characteristic a, c, or o, which
coalesce with the vowel following, and thus contract ; as Tt/x-a-w, ri/x-to.
Contraction takes place only in the present and imperfect tenses, as they are the

only tenses which retain the characteristic vowel followed by another vowel.
Note the following contractions :

a = a ao = to ee = ct = to
<o QC, oo, oov = ov
= a. aw = w co = ov ect = ct 077,
oto =w
arj

act = a aot = to 77
= 77 cot = ot 077, oct, oot = ot

ay = ct aov = w 77
= 77
cov = ov oetv = ovv, In

Dissyllables in cw contract in ct, except Sew, bind.

Some verbs deviate from the general rules of contraction. See Catalogue.

The Dorics change acts into 77?,

act into 77,
and actv into fjv.

VERBS IN fu.

VERBS in /xt are distinguished from the common conjugations by having in

their present, imperfect, and second aorist a different termination, and no mood
vowel. They spring from verbs in aw, c'w, ow, vw. Verbs in /xt take redupli-

cation, which is of two sorts. I. Proper, i. e. when the verb begins with a

single consonant, or a mute with a liquid, the first letter of the root is repeated
with t ;
as (dea>), TiQ-^Li. II. Improper ',
i. e. when the verb begins with TTT, OT,
or an aspirated vowel, t alone is prefixed; as (oraw), ?<rn?/u.
a is changed into 77
\

77
> before iu.

O to)

The Imperfect tense is formed from the Present by prefixing the augment

(ifpossible) and changing xu into v as TiOrjfju, hiQr)v. ;

The Second Aorist is formed from the Imperfect by dropping the redupli-
cation ; as friOrjv, Wrjv. Before a consonant the Improper reduplication i is

changed into e; as lorryv, eor^i/.

In the compounds of ioT77/xt the 2nd aor. imp. ends in d ; as a-j

 68

AUGMENT.
THERE are two Augments, the Syllabic and Temporal.
The Syllabic Augment is prefixed to the verb (in the Historical Tenses)
when it begins with a consonant; as TVTTTW, C-TVTTTOV thereby increasing the
word a syllable.
The Temporal Augment is the lengthening of the vowel, if the verb begin
with a vowel, and thus increasing the time or quantity required in its pro-
nunciation j
as a"ya>, rjyov ; a/<ova>, TJKOVOV.

The Augments of e, a, i, o, v, av, at, a, 01, are

a).
>;, rj, I, <o, v, i/v, 77, >/,

ei, cv, ov, 77, o>, I, v are not augmented (except ct in etKato, cu in ev^o/xai, eu

in KafleOSov, and in evpiiuKO), Tjupiovcov, sometimes augmented by Attics).

Verbs beginning with a followed by a vowel take a instead of 17 ; as ufo>,

ai'oi/; except aetScu and aio-o-w but those with a, av, or 01, followed by a
:

vowel, do not receive the augment ; as avatVo), avatvov :

oto/xat has WO/XT/V.

Mauy verbs in 01 take no augment.

The following take et instead of rj

in some of the augmented tenses :

caw \KOCJ CTro/xai

!a> IXtVcro) ITTW

Ivw/xt epua>

The following take the Syllabic augment: ayn5/u, Aor.

Pf. ea'XwKa. avSavcu, Imp. eav8ai/ov. ovpew, Imp. lovpovv. w^ew, Imp.

aWo/aat, Imp. wvovp-r;v. The following take both the syllabic and temporal :
dpaw, aVoiyo), a\i<rKo/Aat. augments in the second syllable, Imp.
'Eopra'^a)

ewpTa^oi/: also the following in the 2nd Pluperfect; as t*co, cotxa,

CA.TTU), eoXTra, eoj\7rtv ; epyco, copya, ewpyetv.

In Poetry (except Attic) the augments are frequently omitted for the metre.
In Ionic and Epic the augment ia sometimes dropped and in those dialects the ;
c prefixed
by other dialects to verbs beginning with a vowel is
dropped.
The verbs po3\ofj.cu, ouvafj.ai, and /*<?XXw take in the Attic dialect i\ as their augment
instead of c ;
as ^XXw, i^eXXoi'.
Forms in <TKOV have no augment.
 COMPOUND VEKBS.
VERBS compounded with a preposition take the augment between the prepo-
sition and the verb. The final vowel of the preposition is elided except in

7Tpl and Trpo (TT/DO is sometimes resolved in rrpov) ; as

o '\ \
<
f
TTpo-paXXco Trpo-pepX-nKa
I Trpov-Pa\\ov
ev and <rvv resume the v if assimilated in composition or thrown away; as

e/x-^e/3X^/ca

ey-yeyova

o-
(rw-eXeyov

Verbs compounded with 87)9 and ev take the augment at the beginning, if the

simple verb begin with a consonant, or a vowel not capable of the temporal
augment ; as Svor-Tv^ew, c-Sv<r-Tv'xovv but in the middle before the simple verb
:

when it begins with a vowel capable of augment; as ev-epyereo), ev-^pyerow

(ev is generally unaugmented).

In other cases the augment is prefixed to the whole compound word;

as /xv0oXoyto,
-jJivOo\6yovv.

The following take the augment both before the preposition and the verb :

dvopOou)

evo^Xeco

Trapotreoo

The augment before the preposition is often omitted by Homer and the
Tragedians.
 70

KEDUPLICATION.
REDUPLICATION, which is the augment of the Perfect, consists of the repetition
of the first letter of the root with
e prefixed. In verbs beginning with an
aspirate the smooth used in reduplication for the aspirate. All verbs
is

beginning with a single consonant, except p, or with a mute or liquid, except

yv, yX, /?X, take the reduplication; those with a double consonant, or two

consonants, not a mute and liquid, or p, yv, /JX, and yX, have the simple aug-
ment; as
Xvw Xc'XvKd c-XeXiVav
Ova reOvKo. e-reOvKew

tppi<f>a eppu^civ

ccrTrapKa e-crTrap/cciv

Those in yX sometimes take reduplication.

i
supersedes the regular reduplication in Xe'yw (collect, ctXoxa), Xa/i/3ai/a>

(ci/xaprat).

ATTIC KEDUPLICATION.
Several verbs beginning with a, followed by a consonant, repeat in the
e, o,

Perfect and Pluperfect the first two letters of the root before the temporal
This is called the Attic reduplication, although it is not used
augment.
exclusively by writers in that dialect.

lixamples :
CXKOVW, aK-yKoa ; oXeo), oX-^XcKa ; apoco, ap-^poxa.

Some verbs also form the Second Aorist with the Attic reduplication. They

augment the reduplication, not the vowel of the root; as ayo>, rjyayov;

THE AORIST II., Act. and Mid., in the EPIC DIALECT, frequently takes the

reduplication ; as KCV$O>, K^/cevflov ; /xapTrro),

 71

SYNCOPATED PERFECTS.
SOME perfects in the Dual and Plural append the terminations to the short

root, and retain the short vowel.

Perfect IOTT^KCU

Singular. Dual. Plural.

Indicative eor^Ka Icrrarov lora/xcv
eoraTov eoTare
ecrTacri

Imperative eorafli, rraVa>, &c.

Subjunctive- eorco, Js/iJ, &c.

Optative loratiyv, eorai^s, &c.

Infinitive eo-rai/at

Participle ecrrws, wora, w?, 05. Gen. IOTWTOS, axn;s, wros

-
Pluperfect.
ecrra/xcv

LIST OF SYNCOPATED PERFECTS.

cua>. -a?, -c. PI. /Se^a/icv, /Se^arc, /?e/?aa<n, Part.

ytyvojaat. yeyova, -as, -c. 'PL yeya/xev, yeyarc, ycyadort. Part. yyws
8et8w. SeSta, -a?, -e. PI. 8e8t)uei/, 8eStre, 8e8td(rt. Imp. SeSt^t. Opt.
8eSieiV- Subj. ScStw. Inf. SeStcVat. Part. SeSwos, via, os

TtOvrjKa, -a?, -. PI. re^i/a/ACV, re^aYe, T6va.(n. Imp. TtOvaOi. Inf.

rtOvavau Part, re^i/ews

reT\f]Kat -as, -c. Dual TeVXarov, TerXarov. PI. TerXafij>, TerXarc,

rcrXao-i. Imp. rerXaflt. Opt. TerXat^v. Inf. rerXaVat. Pluperf.
&c.
S g
o o
o t>

H
O
I
 1

H* JJf'I 1

-S *
-H^g I,?

EMO ri

g . . .

<
"<
*.:"- .

* . fc

H
3

i, 3 I

8 K
.
- g K t-c t*

3-S S S
i 5 S
^,OOO
3-
<o~
s <-
?
O s in
If.. I -I .2
^ a
Ji I I -?'l -I E M **

i"
S
--i

43

ik

U
?
Vtl
^
W

Is
ti >cs s w 'l
9 O

a vt O vu O vw

S 6 5 S s s tf g . S^S a
s
J I

f. 1 1* J I 1 1, 1 1I
O J-i

1
PH
I
P-.

d d
s
 -a

P- Pl p- p- PI

5 3-
^| 3*

ll
EfcdQ

""

fc-fe.

I u,

&^.
02

fill :::
%O SO
J
-11
g
w ,1! t-8
^ o
H
>

HH
a
I i-ii in
jt I
I.i.
oc
02
<1
a,

^
-d- .
TE

ls
it!

l-iii s
t
*
<3b o o 4
fe.

-ft.

,3J.3 kriri

I
s
 P- Ps

HI
I- fji*
fccb'd
l
*
OQ
..
'Ir >~\ SL
OQ
r->

g
t-^r r*r /**. t1
- O*t-. _L. *+.

'

s I'
-rjva
; ;
i ;:: |;:; !

-.:.: ::: :::

|::: >?

h b ^

gill vt-ll
III! ?&**
A O
M ^
~-o _
fe
P-g b^ 2 O lg gte
-^P^
i4 ^ 21
33

Hi y-34

I*
"
>
o b b o b b
S 111 ill S
H
-1-
I
t "*

i f III till ill

* b |
33

e^i a b 1
.3 j-W^
e ? ^ | *
i * o S <jj S <s

-w -a -e ^s -a o o
 g -
Jll^ll I. !JM*C
I t I III 11 -t'llll-iii*!

;> b b -5 b
b b -<u .3-2 h^3- S^3- S
a -\u
~o o ~o o -o o 8 . -. -S

(
o cpiNS o

4 3 |jJ|* 3

-< 3 1
3 a ^I ^t- ^> ^3 r^>

|ll|l | g!!f
g>22-22-2
v
a a a ^a a
'sSo^oo^o
aa m ^a
a ^a
^a

"
- ( (
o ta
3 o o o

| ! 5 w b
|g I i- S Hit: a , .

I 44iJi.Ul.IJ -SJ-S JJJJUJJ lfo

g <3

8 5

SSlss a -a ca -a <a ^a ^

a
8 8
V
000 0^0 000
8 "8 "8 "8 8 "8 "8 "8

to
* 1 1
m fi An

N <
aoore 3AIIVMO
 s
(
00 So ^
000000000
<s a v=
.
=> v v=>
.
c

I II *

o "o i

000

II"! g. o
1st 111

-II

- -

s a "S a a

1 ]
Q S

1 1 * * 1 !& w
<
o <3 o o

III & 1 b
fefc i-
MSOVS^O

S Jill I

gJ'iJ'J 1

^ K C 4.
tf> ft
3 a a<a-a<3ca 3

ill. jj
aS & fe.fe.|>i
-a -a -a -a -a -a
<u
a
fc4
-a a
l-fc
-a -a

& -3
| 1 1
& ft S II cc ft

1
M
 EfE
III Sfe2

ill
il OS to

*i*
-3-"?* -3- "^3 (-, "*Q

III
^^^ ^III
^ te<pb

fe H 2
V
S f
5 <S
5 8 o
C 13
o <f> b

-tJ

111
^^^
o
8 a |i|
^s g
x iji
^^^ 8 i|i
s 4*' i
 fe 14
i ,!O
to

3.

.a

I
c^li
QCLCQ.CQ.

'

02 til
Si -=> -5
PQ CQ.CQ.CQ.

&
<3 |

1 1

S-fe- ft

ill 111o

cS * I *U
tf
i
e

w
lit
3 3 3 t
li to to o
S
m
PQ ^d
tf I4J-
Q1.CCLCQ.

H
'33
3
*

SS-SS-23-

23-23-23-
I |PI .S'fe
t5 to
wu u

i,
ill
 81

VERBS IN fu WHICH ANNEX THE SYLLABLE OR TO

THE ORIGINAL ROOT.
ACTIVE VOICE.

Tenses. Root a. Root Root o (a>)

Present KOptVVVfJLi (TT/OtoVKU/Al

Imperfect eovceSavi/vv CKOptVVVV eo-Tpwvvvv

Future cr/ceS(o
(TTp (0(7(0
Aorist co-Ke'Sacra e/copccra
Perfect
Pluperfect

MIDDLE.

Present OTp<ovi/v/uai
Imperfect
Future /cope(TO/xai
Aorist e/copea-a/ATyv
Perfect
Pluperfect
P.-p. Future KCfcopccroftat

PASSIVE.

Future (TKcSao-^cro/xat Kopea-^cro/xat

Aorist

ROOT ENDING WITH A CONSONANT.

Present
 1
PH

ft

CO
 I

II8 !
S-
2 j
O S- ^ . M
.g
^^ d) v^"
H *;|
W ^ ^
^

P M II I'* II
E. ft l K"8 S|
P
M eWd^ g B.
l& tfj- tfj,/

*!i
^1
J"
1 1
3
 I
ll
"e' J e
a j
a
.s s

s .,

p-l

Pi

P
,
a o

'.i I S
ir-e g
*

acro
A
a;
BJ
fe "p

3 Ji M
PH

I
II
1
 -r 3 it
tt K

7T ^
J I i
w ^3 **

> <

8 6
I It S * I .
JB
^
PH .3 i tT

I I
i r
Kil

1
M litCH:
I

in
sc * *

3
w
T
sent Dual.
|
I h
I"

33-
II

II
^ S
University of Toronto

Library

Acme Library Card Pocket

LOWE-MARTIN CO. LIMITED