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Electronics Engineering Department

EC51FC2 Data Communications


Experiment No. 3 and 4
Virtual LAN and IPV4 Network Segmentation
I. Objective(s):
The activity aims for the students to be trained of the basic VLAN setup, Data-Link Layer network
segmentation, correct IPv4 address configuration, Network Layer network segmentation and proper network
troubleshooting in a simple computer network.

II. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):


The students shall be able to:
1. configure VLAN in a Link-Layer Switch
2. create multiple layer 2 based network segments
3. use basic commands in testing network connections
4. setup the correct IPv4 address in a computer
5. use basic commands in testing network connections
6. perform proper procedure in basic IP network troubleshooting
III. Discussion:
Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN)
Virtual local area network (VLAN) can be roughly defined as a local area network configured by software, not
by physical wiring. VLAN also means a virtually and logically isolated local area network from the other
network/s within a single link-layer switch defined through software configuration.
The whole idea of VLAN technology is to divide a LAN into logical, instead of physical, segments. A LAN can
be divided into several logical LANs, called VLANs. Each VLAN is a work group in the organization. If a
person moves from one group to another, there is no need to change the physical configuration. The group
membership in VLANs is defined by software, not hardware. Any station can be logically moved to another
VLAN. All members belonging to a VLAN can receive broadcast messages sent to that particular VLAN.

IPv4 Address
Internet Protocol (IP) address is one of the essential components of data communications network
infrastructure. Proper IP address configuration is necessary not only to establish network connectivity but
also to achieve operational scalability, efficiency and manageability.
For a basic, single network setup, the two IP parameters that need to be set in every endpoint devices such
as personal computers and printers are as follows:
1. IPv4 Address
2. Prefix Length or Subnet Mask
IPv4 address is 32 bits in size and expressed in 4 octets separated by a dot and written usually in decimal
form, e.g. 192.168.25.18. It is also composed of 2 parts and are as follows:
1. Prefix defines the network
2. Suffix defines the host/node
It is the Prefix Length or Subnet Mask that determines which is the prefix (network) portion and the suffix
(host) portion of an IP address.
The following are the 2 basic rules in the configuration of IP address in every nodes in a single network:
1. Each node must have the same prefix (network) address.

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Electronics Engineering Department
EC51FC2 Data Communications
2. Each node must have unique suffix (host) address.
These rules are to be tested in the performance of this activity.

Ping
We can use the ping program to find if a host is alive and responding. In most operating systems (OS) and
particularly the Microsoft Windows, the ping command follows the following syntax:

C:\>ping+IPv4 address of destination host


Ex.: C:\>ping 201.34.67.32 <enter>
The source host sends ICMP echo-request messages; the destination, if alive, responds with ICMP echo-
reply messages which also means the connection is up and working as shown illustrated below.

If the destination host is unavailable or unreachable which simply means the connection is not successful the
result will be like as shown below:

The ping program sets the identifier field in the echo-request and echo-reply message and starts the
sequence number from 0; this number is incremented by 1 each time a new message is sent. Ping can
calculate the round-trip time. It inserts the sending time in the data section of the message. When the packet
arrives, it subtracts the arrival time from the departure time to get the round-trip time (RTT).
IV. Resources:
1. Windows OS Personal Computer (PC) preferably a Laptop w/ Network Interface Card
2. Link-Layer Switch
3. Straight through Cable (at least one per group)
4. Console Cable for the Link-Layer Switch if necessary
V. Procedure / Set of Activities:
1. Connect the PC to Link-Layer Switch using the Straight Trough cable.
2. Set the following IP address accordingly in the NIC of your PC.
a. Group 1/PC1: IP Address 192.168.0.11, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
b. Group 2/PC2: IP Address 192.168.0.12, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
c. Group 3/PC3: IP Address 192.168.0.13, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
d. Group 4/PC4: IP Address 192.168.0.41, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0

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EC51FC2 Data Communications
e. Group 5/PC5: IP Address 192.168.0.42, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
f. Group 6/PC6: IP Address 192.168.0.43, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
g. Group 7/PC7: IP Address 192.168.0.71, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
h. Group 8/PC8: IP Address 192.168.0.72, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
i. Group 9/PC9: IP Address 192.168.0.73, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
j. Group 10/PC10: IP Address 192.168.0.101, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
k. Group 11/PC11: IP Address 192.168.0.102, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
l. Group 12/PC12: IP Address 192.168.0.103, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
m. Group 12/PC13: IP Address 192.168.0.131, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
n. Group 12/PC14: IP Address 192.168.0.132, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
o. Group 12/PC15: IP Address 192.168.0.133, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
3. Open command prompt c:\>, type ipconfig/all <enter>. View the information displayed specific only
for the NIC being used.
a. Description
b. Physical Address
c. IPv4 Address
d. Subnet Mask
Record the result and answer the question/s in IV.1 (Data and Results).
4. Type ping IPv4 address (of the other Groups PC) <enter>.
For ex.: c:\>ping 192.168.0.11 <enter>
Do this for each of the other Groups PC and identify which PC replies and which does not (request
timed out). Record the results and answer the questions in IV.2 (Data and Results).
5. With the Instructors guidance, access the Link-Layer Switch through Web or Telnet via its
management IP address. View the Switching Table and identify which port your PC is connected.
Record the results in IV.3 (Data and Results).
Note: The Instructor will provide the preconfigured management IPv4 address of the Link-Layer
Switch.
6. Create VLANs in the Link-Layer Switch with VLAN IDs and names as per the instruction of the
Instructor
Ex.:
a. VLAN101 Team1
b. VLAN102 Team2
c. VLAN103 Team3
View the created VLANs and record the result in IV.4 (Data and Results)
7. Member ports to the intended VLANs in such a way that the PCs in a group will be in the same VLAN.
Ex.:
a. VLAN101 Member ports: 2, 8 (Group 1)
b. VLAN102 Member ports: 5, 11 (Group 2)
c. VLAN103 Member ports: 1, 9 (Group 3)
View the created VLAN memberships and record the results in VI.5 (Data and Results)
Note: The Instructor may need to perform procedure no. 7.

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8. Repeat procedure no. 4.
Record the results and answer the questions in IV.6 (Data and Results).
9. Delete all the created VLANs in the Switch
10. Change the Subnet Mask accordingly in each PC
a. Group 1/PC1: IP Address 192.168.0.11, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.224
b. Group 2/PC2: IP Address 192.168.0.12, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.224
c. Group 3/PC3: IP Address 192.168.0.13, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.224
d. Group 4/PC4: IP Address 192.168.0.41, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.224
e. Group 5/PC5: IP Address 192.168.0.42, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.224
f. Group 6/PC6: IP Address 192.168.0.43, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.224
g. Group 7/PC7: IP Address 192.168.0.71, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.224
h. Group 8/PC8: IP Address 192.168.0.72, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.224
i. Group 9/PC9: IP Address 192.168.0.73, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.224
j. Group 10/PC10: IP Address 192.168.0.101, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.224
k. Group 11/PC11: IP Address 192.168.0.102, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.224
l. Group 12/PC12: IP Address 192.168.0.103, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.224
m. Group 12/PC13: IP Address 192.168.0.131, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.224
n. Group 12/PC14: IP Address 192.168.0.132, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.224
o. Group 12/PC15: IP Address 192.168.0.133, Subnet Mask 255.255.255.224
11. Repeat procedure no. 4.
Record the results and answer the questions in IV.7 (Data and Results).

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Electronics Engineering Department
EC51FC2 Data Communications

Course: Experiment No.:


Name: Section:
Date Performed:
VI. Data and Results:
1. Write down the information recorded in procedure/activity no.3.
a. Description: ______________________________________________________________________
b. Physical Address: _________________________________________________________________
c. IPv4 Address: ____________________________________________________________________
d. Subnet Mask: ____________________________________________________________________

Were the IP Address and Subnet Mask configured correctly in procedure no. 2? _____________

2. Based on the results of procedure/activity no. 4, answer the following whichever is applicable to your group:
a. Ping test to PC1:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

b. Ping test to PC2:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

c. Ping test to PC3:

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Electronics Engineering Department
EC51FC2 Data Communications

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

d. Ping test to PC4:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

e. Ping test to PC5:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

f. Ping test to PC6:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

g. Ping test to PC7:

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Electronics Engineering Department
EC51FC2 Data Communications

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

h. Ping test to PC8:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

i. Ping test to PC9:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

j. Ping test to PC10:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

k. Ping test to PC11:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

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Electronics Engineering Department
EC51FC2 Data Communications

l. Ping test to PC12:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

m. Ping test to PC13:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

n. Ping test to PC14:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

o. Ping test to PC15:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

Explain the reason/s why the connection is up:


The Connection is up because we are all connected to each other and theres no virtual LAN that separate us to
the other computer. The cisco switch also have a default virtual LAN this virtual LAN connects all the port to
each other.

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Electronics Engineering Department
EC51FC2 Data Communications

Explain the reason/s why the connection is down:


The connection is down because of physical problem like Cable wire is not functioning or it is not properly
connected to the main switch.

3. Enter the result from procedure/activity no. 5.

Group MAC Address Port No.


1
0023.5aa1.0ab0 Fa0/15
2
18db.f20c.47be Fa0/5
3
28d2.4492.d70d Fa0/23
4
28f1.0e43.36b1 Fa0/11
5
38d5.4738.d4a4 Fa0/14
6
38ea.a7dd.6108 Fa0/9
7
60eb.69dc.e242 Fa0/13
8
74d0.2b23.5856 Fa0/10
9
9457.a5b1.167f Fa0/19
10
98de.d00e.b27b Fa0/21
11
98e7.f428..d5a6 Fa0/17
12
9c5c.8edd.2e0c Fa0/7
13
c454.4477.5cad Fa0/3
14
C80a.a90a.0381 Fa0/12
15

Are the information displayed in the Switching Table reflect the actual physical setup? (Yes/No) ________

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Electronics Engineering Department
EC51FC2 Data Communications

4. Enter the information recorded in procedure/activity no. 6.

5. Enter the information recorded in procedure/activity no. 7.

6. Based on the results from procedure/activity no. 8 (4), answer the following whichever is applicable to your
group:
a. Ping test to PC1:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

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Electronics Engineering Department
EC51FC2 Data Communications
b. Ping test to PC2:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

c. Ping test to PC3:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

d. Ping test to PC4:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

e. Ping test to PC5:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

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f. Ping test to PC6:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

g. Ping test to PC7:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

h. Ping test to PC8:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

i. Ping test to PC9:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

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Electronics Engineering Department
EC51FC2 Data Communications
j. Ping test to PC10:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

k. Ping test to PC11:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

l. Ping test to PC12:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

m. Ping test to PC13:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

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Electronics Engineering Department
EC51FC2 Data Communications
n. Ping test to PC14:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

o. Ping test to PC15:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

Explain the reason/s why the connection is up:


The connection is up for 4 PC because this PCs are member of the created Virtual LAN. Virtual LAN let those
computer who is a member of that Virtual Lan to access each other and block those PCs who is not a member
of that virtual Lan.

Explain the reason why the connection is down:


The connection is down for the remaining 8 Pcs because this 8 Pcs are not member of our virtual LAN. IF we
create Virtual LAN it prevent other PCs who is not a member of such virtual LAN to access PCs that is a
member of such virtual LAN.

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Electronics Engineering Department
EC51FC2 Data Communications

7. Based on the results from procedure/activity no. 11 (4), answer the following whichever is applicable to
your group:
a. Ping test to PC1:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

b. Ping test to PC2:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

c. Ping test to PC3:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

d. Ping test to PC4:

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Electronics Engineering Department
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The connection is (up or down): _____________.

e. Ping test to PC5:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

f. Ping test to PC6:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

g. Ping test to PC7:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

h. Ping test to PC8:

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The connection is (up or down): _____________.

i. Ping test to PC9:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

j. Ping test to PC10:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

k. Ping test to PC11:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

l. Ping test to PC12:

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Electronics Engineering Department
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The connection is (up or down): _____________.

m. Ping test to PC13:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

n. Ping test to PC14:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

o. Ping test to PC15:

The connection is (up or down): _____________.

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Explain the reason/s why the connection is up:


Because we change the subnet mask of all the pc to 255.255.255.224 and 224 in binary is 11100000 so the new
subnet mask in binary is 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000 and to determine the prefix length by
counting all the ones in binary subnet mask so the prefix length is 27bits so only those same 27bit prefix can
connect to each other.

Explain the reason why the connection is down:


The connection is down because the first 27 bit which is the prefix starting from left to right is not the same so
they are not in the same network because prefix defines the network or a group where an individual is a part of.

VII. Observation
In the experiment we observe that if the connection is down it does not mean that the wire or cable is not properly
connected to the switch because using VLAN we can disconnect or remove the connection of the different computers
that is connected to the switch. We also observe subnetmasking can also use to group individual computer.

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VIII. Conclusion
Therefore we conclude that a VLAN is a group of devices on one or more LANs that are
configured to communicate as if they were attached to the same wire, when in fact they are
located on a number of different LAN segments. Because VLANs are based on logical instead
of physical connections, they are extremely flexible.
We also concluded that a subnet masking can also group different computers. because it is
used to identify network address of an IP address by perfoming a bitwise AND operation on the
netmask. ASubnet mask is a 32-bit number that masks an IP address, and divides the IP
address into network address and host address.

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Electronics Engineering Department
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IX. Recommendation

X. Assessment
BEGINNER ACCEPTABLE PROFICIENT SCOR
CRITERIA
1 2 3 E
I. Laboratory Skills
Members
Members do not Members always
Manipulative occasionally
demonstrate needed demonstrate needed
Skills demonstrate needed
skills. skills.
skills
Members are unable Members are able to Members are able to set-
Experimental
to set-up the set-up the materials up the material with
Set-up
materials. with supervision. minimum supervision.
Members
Members do not Members always
occasionally
Process Skills demonstrate targeted demonstrate targeted
demonstrate targeted
process skills. process skills.
process skills.
Members do not Members follow
Safety Members follow safety
follow safety safety precautions
Precautions precautions at all times.
precautions. most of the time.

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II. Work Habits
Time
Members do not Members finish on Members finish ahead of
Management /
finish on time with time with incomplete time with complete data
Conduct of
incomplete data. data. and time to revise data.
Experiment
Members have
Members do not
defined Members are on tasks
know their tasks and
responsibilities most and have defined
have no defined
Cooperative and of the time. Group responsibilities at all
responsibilities.
Teamwork conflicts are times. Group conflicts are
Group conflicts have
cooperatively cooperatively managed at
to be settled by the
managed most of the all times.
teacher.
time.
Clean and orderly
Clean and orderly
Messy workplace workplace with
Neatness and workplace at all times
during and after the occasional mess
Orderliness during and after the
experiment. during and after the
experiment.
experiment.
Members require
Ability to do Members require Members do not need to
occasional
independent supervision by the be supervised by the
supervision by the
work teacher. teacher.
teacher.
Other Comments/Observations: Total Score
( )
=
24
100
XI. Reference(s):
B.A. Forouzan, Data Communications and Networking, 5th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2013
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0073376221/student_view0/lab_assignments.html

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